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School Measure Proposals for Small and Rural Utilities
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Today’s Meeting• Project recap• Measure proposals
– Proposal– Discussion
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Project Recap
• Research– OR Cool Schools audit DB– MT & ID audit reports
• Selected measures– Frequency– Savings potential– Cost effectiveness
• Drafted proposals
Measure Proposal1. Specification2. Prelim. description of
savings estimation procedure
3. Estimate of total achievable regional savings potential
4. Estimates of EUL and cost
5. Category: Planning, Small Saver, Provisional, Operative
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Proposed Measure List
1. Interior lighting2. Exterior lighting3. Weatherization4. Programmable thermostat5. Demand control ventilation6. Domestic hot water pump7. Faucet aerator8. Vending machine controller
Lighting1. Interior
2. Exterior
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Interior lightingIdentifiers Base case Efficient case
1. Retrofit standard 4 ft, T8 lamp to low wattage T8 lamp
4-ft, 32-watt T8 lamp 4-ft, 28-watt T8 lamp
2. Delamp 3-lamp 4ft, T-8 fixture
3-lamp 4-ft T-8 lighting fixture, 90 W fixture
2-lamp 4-ft T-8 lighting fixture,55 W fixture
3. Delamp 3-lamp 4ft, T-12 fixture
3-lamp 4-ft T-12 lighting fixture, 130 W fixture
2-lamp 4-ft T-8 lighting fixture, 55 W
4. Delamp 4-lamp 4ft, T-8 fixture
4-lamp 4-ft T-8 lighting fixture, 114 W fixture
3-lamp 4-ft T-8 lighting fixture, 81 W fixture
5. Delamp 4-lamp 4ft, T-12 fixture
4-lamp 4-ft T-12 lighting fixture, 164 W fixture
3-lamp 4-ft T-8 lighting fixture, 81 W fixture
6. High efficiency indoor lighting fixture
Lamp power bins: >400W, =400W, 176W-399W, 101W-175W, <=100W
Lamp power bins: <=600W, <=244W, <=192W, <=128W, <=64W
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Interior lighting (cont.)Estimated regional potential
19,000,000 – 28,000,000 kWh
UES estimation procedure
Calibrated Engineering ModelThe difference in baseline and efficient case Lamp Wattage is multiplied by the Operating Hours. The Lighting Savings is then multiplied by the Interactive Heating Factor.
Input parameters Constant: Operating Hours; Interactive Heating FactorAdjustment factor: Lamp or Fixture Power
Model calibration Maintain consistency with lighting calculator
UES components 1. Lighting savings2. Interactive heating savings
Cost $12/lamp, $32/fixture (delamp), $100 - $250/fixture (new fixtures)
EUL 15 year
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Exterior lightingIdentifiers Base case Efficient case
1. Efficient pole/arm-mounted fixture with photocell
Outdoor pole/arm-mounted HID or incandescent fixture. Lamp power bins:<=175W HID176W - 250W HID251W - 400W HID > 400 W
Outdoor pole/arm-mounted efficient fixture - pulse-start metal halide or LED – with photocell. Lamp power bins: 33W108W225W360W
2. Efficient wall/ceiling-mounted area fixture with photocell
Outdoor wall/ceiling-mounted area HID or incandescent fixture. Lamp power bins:<=175W HID176W - 250W HID251W - 400W HID> 400W
Outdoor wall/ceiling-mounted efficient fixture - pulse-start metal halide or LED – with photocell. Lamp power bins:33W108W225W360W
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Exterior lighting (cont.)Estimated regional potential
1,400,000 – 2,100,000 kWh
UES estimation procedure
Calibrated Engineering ModelThe product of efficient case Fixture Power and efficient case Operating Hours is subtracted from the product of base case Fixture Power and base case Operating Hours.
Input parameters Adjustment factors: Fixture Power and Operating Hours
Model calibration Calibrate baseline Operating Hours to audit result or survey
UES components 1. Lighting savings
Cost $200 (PsMH) - $1000 (LED) per fixture
EUL 12 year
Whole building1. Weatherization
2. Programmable thermostat
3. Demand control ventilation
4. Domestic hot water pump
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Building simulation approach• Create baseline building prototypes:
– PNNL’s ASHRAE 90.1 prototype models– Adv. Energy Design Guide: K-12 Schools baseline– Cool Schools audit data– 2009 CBSA Public Use Data
• Climate zones: ASHRAE 4C, 5B or 6B• Calibrate baseline prototypes to billed usage• Simulate baseline and measure cases• Normalize savings per school floor area
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WeatherizationIdentifiers Base case Efficient case
1. Increase attic insulation
R-15 R-38
2. Increase exterior wall insulation
R-0, uninsulated R-14
3. Increase floor insulation
R-0, uninsulated R-30
4. Reduce infiltration 0.75 ACH 0.6 ACH
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Weatherization (cont.)Estimated regional potential
7,000,000 – 10,700,000 kWh
UES estimation procedure
Calibrated Engineering ModelSimulate baseline and efficient scenarios and savings are the difference
Input parameters Adjustment factors: Insulation Level and Infiltration Rate
Model calibration Calibrate baseline prototype’s energy use to billed use
UES components 1. Heating energy savings
Cost Attic insulation: $0.84 - $1.61/sqftWall insulation: $0.55 - $0.97/sqftUnder floor insulation: $1.37 - $3.91/sqftWeatherstripping: $212.00/opening
EUL 11 year (weatherstripping)20 year (insulation)
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Programmable thermostatIdentifiers Base case Efficient case
1. Programmable thermostat
No setbackOccupied & Unoccupied:Heating setpoint: 72 °FCooling setpoint: 76 °F
SetbackOccupied (M-F 7am-10pm):Heating setpoint: 72 °FCooling setpoint: 76 °FUnoccupied: Heating setpoint: 55 °FCooling setpoint: 85 °F
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Programmable thermostat (cont.)Estimated regional potential
1,300,000 – 2,000,000 kWh
UES estimation procedure
Calibrated Engineering ModelSimulate baseline and efficient scenarios and savings are the difference
Input parameters Adjustment factors: Setpoints and Schedule
Model calibration Calibrate baseline prototype’s energy use to billed use
UES components 1. Heating energy savings2. Fan energy savings
Cost $175/1000 sq ft controlled
EUL 11 years
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Demand Control VentilationIdentifiers Base case Efficient case
1. VFD with DCV – Gym with heat pump
Constant ventilation rate. Adhere to ASHRAE Standard 62.1 Chapter 6 Section 6.2.1 through 6.2.9 minimum ventilation rates for Multi-use assembly in Education Facilities
Ventilation rate varies with space occupancy. Apply methods described in ASHRAE standard 62.1 Section 6.2.6 for designing for varying operating conditions.
2. VFD with DCV – Gym with gas pack
Constant ventilation rate. Ventilation rate varies with space occupancy.
3. VFD with DCV – Auditorium with heat pump
Constant ventilation rate. Ventilation rate varies with space occupancy.
4. VFD with DCV – Auditorium with gas pack
Constant ventilation rate. Ventilation rate varies with space occupancy.
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Demand Control Ventilation (cont.)Estimated regional potential
1,800,000 – 5,400,000 kWh
UES estimation procedure
Calibrated Engineering ModelSimulate baseline and efficient scenarios and savings are the difference
Input parameters Adjustment factors: Supply Fan Speed
Model calibration Calibrate baseline prototype’s energy use to billed use
UES components 1. Fan energy savings2. Heating energy savings
Cost $310/ton
EUL 15 yr
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Domestic Hot Water PumpIdentifiers Base case Efficient case
1. Install time clock on DHW circulation pump
Pump operates 24 hours per day
Pump operates M-F, 7am-10pm
Estimated regional potential
400,000 – 600,000 kWh
UES estimation procedure
Calibrated Engineering ModelSimulate baseline and efficient scenarios and savings are the difference
Input parameters Adjustment factors: Pump Operating Schedule
Model calibration Calibrate baseline prototype’s energy use to billed use
UES components 1. Water heating energy savings2. Pump motor energy savings
Cost $225
EUL 15 years
Other1. Faucet aerator
2. Vending machine controller
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Faucet AeratorIdentifiers Base case Efficient case
1. Low flow faucet aerator
0.75 GPM faucet flow rate 0.25 GPM faucet flow rate
Estimated regional potential
500,000 – 700,000 kWh
UES estimation procedure
Calibrated Engineering ModelWater heating energy use attributed to faucet flow to be determined at the baseline and efficient Hot Water Use rates. The savings result will be the difference between baseline and efficient case.
Input parameters Adjustment Factor: Hot Water Use
Model calibration Expert judgment
UES components 1. Water heating energy
Cost $6.70/faucet
EUL 9 yr
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Vending Machine ControllerIdentifiers Base case Efficient case
1. Vending machine controller
Refrigerated vending machine without control
Refrigerated vending machine with occupancy sensor that shuts off machine after 15min delay
Estimated regional potential
1,000,000 – 1,500,000 kWh
UES estimation procedure
Adopt measured savings values from previous EM&V
Input parameters N/A
Model calibration N/A
UES components 1. Vending machine electricity use
Cost $216/vending machine
EUL 13 years
Thank youJames Russell, [email protected]