Frederick County Public Schools

School BoardApproved BudgetFiscal Year 2019

Winchester, Virginia 22601

www.frederick.k12.va.us

NOTICE OF NON-DISCRIMINATION

In compliance with the Executive Order 11246; Title II of the Education Amendments of 1976; Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1972; Title IX Regulation Implementing Education Amendments of 1972; Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; and all other Federal and State laws and school policies and regulations, Frederick County Public Schools does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, political affiliation, disability, or veteran status in the education program and activities, or employment and provides equal access to the Boy Scouts and other designated youth groups.

It is the intent of Frederick County Public Schools to comply with both the letter and spirit of the law in making certain that discrimination does not exist in its policies, regulations, and operations. Grievance procedures, for Title IX and Section 504, have been established for students, their parents, and employees who feel discrimination has been shown by the school division.

All students attending Frederick County Public Schools may participate in education programs and activities, including but not limited to health and physical education, music, career and technical education. Educational programs and services will be designed to meet the varying needs of all students and will not discriminate against any individual for reasons of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, political affiliation, disability, or veteran status.

Questions concerning the application of this non-discrimination policy may be made to:

Title IX Coordinator (Adults) Title IX Coordinator (Students) Section 504 Coordinator

John Linaburg Teresa Ritenour Michele Sandy Executive Director of Director of Student Director of Special Human Resources Support Services Instructional Services

1415 Amherst Street 1415 Amherst Street 1415 Amherst Street Winchester, VA 22601 Winchester, VA 22601 Winchester, VA 22601

540-662-3888 540-662-3888 540-662-3888

The Meritorious Budget Award through the Association of School Business Officials International recognizes school districts that demonstrate excellence in school budget presentation, setting a high standard for transparent budget development.

This Meritorious Budget Award is presented to

FREDERICK COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS

for excellence in the preparation and issuance of its budget

for the Fiscal Year 2017–2018.

The budget adheres to the principles and standards of ASBO International’s Meritorious Budget Award criteria.

Anthony N. Dragona, Ed.D., RSBA John D. Musso, CAE, RSBA President Executive Director

Organization of the Budget DocumentThe Approved Budget document’s format presents the school division’s budget and pertinent information in an organized and comprehensive document to facilitate the reader’s knowledge of the school division’s budget development, management, and processes. It includes financial information for the current budget year and financial information from previous fiscal years.

The document’s format follows the standards set forth by the Association of School Business Officials International Meritorious Budget Award Program. The purpose of this budget document is to provide policy information, serve as an operational guide and financial plan, and serve as a comprehensive communication tool for the school division’s stakeholders: students, parents, staff, constituents, and elected officials.

The document contains four major sections as listed and defined below.

The Executive Summary contains an overview of the Approved Budget and highlights changes planned compared to the prior fiscal year.

The Organizational Section includes the direction, organizational and management structure, strategic plans, and the budget development process of the school division.

The Financial Section includes budget data by summary and detail for all financial funds managed by the school division. It begins with a financial representation of revenue and expenses of all funds combined and then represents each fund individually from general funds (operating, debt service, capital projects, and special revenue) to other funds (fiduciary and proprietary). Description of revenue sources and expenditure needs are described within each financial fund.

The Informational Section includes information of interest to school division employees and the community at large.

School Board Approved Budget

Fiscal Year 2019

School BoardDr. John J. Lamanna, Chairman Member at Large

Mr. Seth T. Thatcher, Vice Chairman Opequon District

Mrs. Kali C. Klubertanz Back Creek District

Mr. Michael A. Lake Gainesboro District

Mrs. Shontyá C. Washington Redbud District

Mr. Jay W. Foreman Shawnee District

Mr. Frank E. Wright Stonewall District

AdministrationDr. David T. Sovine Superintendent

Dr. Albert L. Orndorff Assistant Superintendent for Administration

Dr. James F. Angelo Assistant Superintendent for Instruction

Mrs. Patty D. Camery Executive Director of Finance

Mr. John L. Linaburg Executive Director of Human Resources

Mr. Steve E. Edwards Coordinator of Policy and Communications

Mrs. Kristen D. Anderson Assistant Director of Finance

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A Message from the Superintendent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Organizational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Mission Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4School Board Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5School Board Budget Priorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Superintendent’s Leadership Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5The Planning Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Division Comprehensive Plan Priorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6The Budget Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Allocation of Human and Financial Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Financial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10FY 2019 Budget Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Approved Revenue Summary of All Funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Approved Expenditure Summary of All Funds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Fund by Fund Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Linking Budget Dollars to Student Achievement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Financial Forecasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Informational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Student Enrollment Trends and Forecasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Local Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Personnel Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Benchmark Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Changes in Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

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Executive Summary

Executive Summary

A Message from the Superintendent Frederick County Public Schools (FCPS) is student-focused and family-friendly. Our mission is to ensure all students an excellent education. To fulfill our mission, resources are allocated to address community growth, individual student needs, and a competitive labor market. With these key drivers in mind, the FY 2019 budget is designed to

• support student enrollment growth;

• meet various student needs;

• provide salaries and benefits that compete fairly in an increasingly competitive local labor market; and

• maintain functional and safe facilities, equipment, and student transportation.

FCPS's student enrollment has grown by more than 350 students over the last two school years and is projected to grow an additional 261 students, up to 13,705, in 2018-19. To address enrollment growth, the budget supports additional staff to directly serve students—more teachers, instructional aides, bus drivers, and bus aides.

The number of students with unique needs is also growing. The budget supports the implementation of an elementary alternative education program to assist students with behavioral challenges so they will learn to succeed academically and socially. Funds are also allocated to provide staff with professional development focused on student mental health.

Education is a people-intensive business with 86 percent of operating funds allocated to provide compensation for employees who directly serve students and those who support the school division. Additional funds for the compensation plan helped provide a step increase to all full-time employees and targeted specific pay groups that are behind the local labor market.

Lastly, funds are allocated for new positions to support our infrastructure, preserve assets, and keep students and staff safe. Our organization consists of 23 sites, technology to support 13,705 students and more than 2,200 employees, and more than 200 school buses. Our buildings and buses are aging. Adequate recurring operational funds are necessary for preventative maintenance as well as equipment and vehicle replacement cycles.

We live in a community where the county government lists "a government that emphasizes a quality education through a cooperative effort with the School Board" as a core value. I look forward to continuing to work with the School Board, the Board of Supervisors, state and federal government representatives, and members of the community to ensure all of our students receive an excellent education.

Sincerely,

David T. Sovine, Ed.D. Superintendent of Schools July 2018

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Executive Summary

OrganizationalFrederick County Public Schools (FCPS) is structured to meet instructional needs of 13,705 projected students for the fiscal year 2019 (July 1, 2018, through June 30, 2019) and to effectively manage 23 sites. In addition to the administration building, transportation center, and facilities services center, the school system comprises eleven elementary schools, four middle schools, three high schools, one career and technical/alternative learning center, and is fiscal agent for Northwestern Regional Educational Programs (NREP). FCPS is also a partner in Mountain Vista Regional Governor’s School for Science, Math, and Technology.

FCPS is the 22nd largest of 134 school divisions in the state of Virginia. FCPS is regulated by Virginia statutes and is governed by the Constitution of Virginia. The Standards of Quality (SOQ), Standards of Learning (SOL), and Standards of Accreditation (SOA) are Virginia statutes and regulations that FCPS follows to provide students a free and appropriate public school education for Frederick County citizens.

Seven elected School Board members serving staggered four-year terms set local policies and establish guidelines and procedures to ensure proper administration of FCPS. The superintendent, along with two assistant superintendents and other members of the leadership team, works closely to oversee the daily operations of the schools and support centers.

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Mission Statement

It is the mission of Frederick County Public Schoolsto ensure all students an excellent education.

To that end, Frederick County Public Schools envisions providing the highest quality, most cost-effective education possible by:

• Increasing students’ enthusiasm for learning,

• Promoting individual learning ability,

• Recruiting and retaining excellent personnel,

• Encouraging parental and community support and involvement,

• Fostering an inviting environment,

• Using continual data analysis,

• Emphasizing curriculum renewal,

• Offering a meaningful staff development program,

• Using current technology,

• Requiring efficient operating procedures, and

• Evaluating progress and revising goals to achieve this vision.

Executive Summary

School Board MembersSeven School Board members serve staggered four-year terms. One member represents each of the county’s six magisterial districts, and one member serves in an at-large capacity.

• Dr. John J. Lamanna, Chairman, Member at Large—term through 2019

• Mr. Seth T. Thatcher, Vice Chairman, Opequon District—term through 2019

• Mrs. Kali C. Klubertanz, Back Creek District—term through 2019

• Mr. Michael A. Lake, Gainesboro District—term through 2019

• Mrs. Shontyá C. Washington, Redbud District—term through 2021

• Mr. Jay W. Foreman, Shawnee District—term through 2021• Mr. Frank E. Wright, Stonewall District—term through 2021

School Board Budget PrioritiesThe School Board approved the budget priorities shown below for fiscal year 2019, which support the Division Comprehensive Plan.

• Instructional initiatives to address increased accountability and improve student achievement.

• Compensation packages (salaries, benefits, and professional development) that enable the recruitment and retention of high Clockwise from top left: Seth Thatcher, Michael Lake, John Lamanna, Frank Wright, quality staff. Shontyá Washington, Kali Klubertanz, and Jay Foreman

• Operational funding to address preservation of assets (facility maintenance), replacement school buses, safety and environmental enhancements, and aging infrastructure/systems.

• Professional development designed to support operational efficiencies, evidence-based instructional practices, and student needs.

Superintendent’s Leadership TeamThe leadership of Frederick County Public Schools works daily with principals and support departments.

• Dr. David T. Sovine, Superintendent• Dr. Albert L. Orndorff, Assistant Superintendent for Administration• Dr. James F. Angelo, Assistant Superintendent for Instruction • Mrs. Patty D. Camery, Executive Director of Finance• Mr. John L. Linaburg, Executive Director of Human Resources• Mr. Steve E. Edwards, Coordinator of Policy and Communications and Clerk of the Frederick County

School Board

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Executive Summary

The Planning ProcessThe staff of FCPS continuously plans the division’s programs initiated through collaborative formal and informal meetings, studies of best practices, reflective evaluations, and changes in circumstances.

Organizational planning is guided by the School Board Mission Statement, the Division Comprehensive Plan, the Educational Technology Plan, the Capital Improvement Plan, and the Annual Operating Budget. These five planning documents serve as guiding tools for ensuring the students of Frederick County an excellent education. They are reviewed periodically and are influenced by actions of the Virginia General Assembly, the Virginia Department of Education, and local governing body funding levels.

Frederick County Public Schools strives to be a learning organization; one in which students experience purposeful engagement for learning and where leadership is relentlessly focused on student learning through evidence-based teaching. Teachers and staff receive intentional and targeted professional development on research-based instructional strategies that meet the needs of all learners and enable students to attain their goals.

Division Comprehensive Plan Priorities School Board priorities are outlined in the Division Comprehensive Plan. The Comprehensive Plan includes the following components: accountability and student achievement, educator professionalism, community engagement, contemporary learning facilities, and effective and efficient support services. Planned priorities established in the fall of 2017 for FY 2019 are listed below.

• Improve student readiness for academic success through summer academy and preschool for identified students.

• Engage all students in learning through project-based experiences, digital and blended learning, and incorporating opportunities to identify and solve problems.

• Engage parents and the entire community in schools by promoting partnerships, soliciting feedback, and sharing information about school, staff, and student successes.

• Communicate student progress and learning expectations with students and parents with timely and easily interpreted reports.

• Improve safety and security in all buildings.

• Display stewardship of environment and sustainability features in all facilities.

• Design facilities that are flexible, adaptable, and aimed at student-centered learning experiences.

• Cultivate and promote a culture of continuous improvement in which all staff engage in professional learning and collaborative problem solving that enhance performance, improve efficiency, and strengthen the school division.

• Prepare students for post-secondary opportunities by increasing participation in AP and dual enrollment courses; AP, SAT, and ACT testing; and industry credentialing. Offer alternative education options that lead to the successful completion of diploma requirements.

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Executive Summary

The Budget ProcessA budget process exists to meet state code requirements; provide a means to align School Board vision, strategic plans, and allocation of resources; and represents fiduciary responsibility as good stewards of public funds. Virginia State Code 22.1-92 requires school divisions to estimate moneys needed for public schools as well as public notice of costs to be distributed. Virginia State Code 22.1-91 sets limitation on expenditures equal to or less than funds available for school purposes within a fiscal year.

Budget planning is a year-round activity with stages of development, deliberation, adoption, reporting, monitoring, and adjustment to the financial plan. The role of the School Board is to develop a budget that reflects the needs of the school division. The Board of Supervisors is tasked with approving funds for the school division and setting the tax rate. Virginia code requires the School Board to prepare and submit to the governing body, Frederick County Board of Supervisors, an estimate of the amount of money needed during the ensuing fiscal year. By May 15 of each year, the governing body must prepare and approve a budget for informative and fiscal planning purposes. The budget contains a complete itemized and classified plan of expected expenditures and all estimated revenues and borrowings for the locality for the ensuing year. The budget must be approved and a tax rate fixed no later than the date on which the fiscal year begins. The approved budget is available on the locality’s website or by hard copy for citizens.

Superintendent’s Proposed BudgetThe annual budget process begins in the fall of the preceding year. The budget calendar is developed including public work sessions, public hearings, and adoption dates. The superintendent, with assistance from staff, prepares a needs-based budget. Many factors influence the proposed budget—economic conditions, enroll ment growth, staffing needs based on student enrollment, instructional and operational goals outlined in the Division Comprehensive Plan, technology, facilities and school bus replacement schedules, public input, and other initiatives that support FCPS’ mission and goals.

The Superintendent’s Proposed Budget is presented to the School Board and Frederick County Board of Supervisors in February. It is supported by state revenue estimates proposed by the Governor of Virginia and a funding request of the Frederick County Board of Supervisors. Federal and other sources of revenue are based on historical trends and current available information.

The expenditure component of the Superintendent’s Proposed Budget includes salaries, employee benefits, contracted services, materials, supplies, capital outlays for replacement and new equipment, utilities, vehicle fuel, and other operational expenses. Costs to continue operations are projected based on existing staff salaries and benefit offerings, restricted program requirements, and inflationary estimates on services, utilities, and supplies. New staffing needs are projected by the central office based on projected student enrollments, pupil teacher ratios as mandated in Standards of Quality and School Board objectives, and support services for the division. Schools and support departments are allocated funds for budgeting their fixed operational costs for services, materials, and supplies.

Project costs for constructing new schools or renovating older schools are planned and accounted for in the School Construction Fund. Annually, construction costs are determined and developed through the Capital Improvement Plan. Financing for approved construction projects is included in the Superintendent’s Proposed Budget through the School Debt Service Fund. As revenues are available, other non-recurring capital needs costing $50,000 or more are proposed under the Capital Projects Fund.

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Executive Summary

School Board’s Advertised BudgetThe School Board meets with the superintendent and leadership staff during work sessions in February and March. Based on these work sessions, the School Board determines if modifications are needed to the Superintendent’s Proposed Budget for advertisement. As required by Virginia law, a public hearing is conducted to obtain comments and recommendations from the public prior to April 1.

Approved BudgetThe Frederick County Board of Supervisors holds budget work sessions and public hearings then appropriates funds for the school division by the middle of April. In Virginia, the governing body may appropriate funds by fund total or by state determined categories. In Frederick County, the school division budget is approved by fund total. The School Board then amends its budget based on county funding levels. Funding levels are then allocated to schools and support departments. Teacher employment contracts are produced and distributed based on approved funding levels. An approved School Board budget document for the fiscal year is then published.

Budget ImplementationOnce the budget is adopted by the Frederick County Board of Supervisors, it becomes the financial base for programs of each school and department during the fiscal year that begins on July 1. Fiscal accountability is by individual account code. Budget account holders may not expend or encumber more than the approved budget amounts. Financial monitoring of department and school activities occurs throughout the year to ensure compliance. An amendment to the total amount of any individual fund requires approval of a resolution from the Frederick County Board of Supervisors. Budget adjustments within individual funds do not require a resolution.

Budget Development Calendar

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Frederick County Public SchoolsFiscal Year 2019 Budget Development Calendar

Fall 2017 March 2018• School board work session on comprehensive plan & budget goals • 3/6–Regular School Board budget work session• Enrollment projections shared with school board members • 3/10–General Assembly concludes 60 day session• Preliminary preparation • 3/20–Regular School Board meeting

• 3/28–Board of Supervisors meeting & budget public hearingDecember 2017• 12/5– Regular School Board meeting April 2018• 12/18–Governor's 2018-2020 biennium budget proposal • 4/5–Regular School Board work session• 12/19–Regular School Board meeting • 4/11–Board of Supervisors approval of the FY 2019 budget

• 4/17–School Board approval of the FY 2019 budgetJanuary 2018• 1/2–Regular School Board work session May 2018• 1/10–General Assembly convenes for 2018 session • Distribution of budget allocations• 1/16–Regular School Board meeting • Publish salary scales

February 2018 July 2018• 2/6–Superintendent's proposed FY 2019 budget • 7/1–Fiscal year 2019 begins• 2/20–Regular School Board meeting & public hearing on budget• 2/21–Joint School Board/Board of Supervisors meeting

Executive Summary

Significant Changes During the FY 2019 Budget ProcessThe General Assembly did not reach consensus on the state level budget prior to local budget adoption. Therefore; for budgeting purposes, FCPS used the higher state revenue estimate between the House of Delegates and Senate versions. The differing amount was booked under the state category Contingency Reserve. This amount will be transferred at a later date to instructional priorities should the House of Delegates version of the state budget be adopted.

Allocation of Human and Financial ResourcesHuman and financial resources are proposed for consideration based upon student enrollment projections and estimated funding levels. Projections for September student membership are forecasted by the Office of Planning and Development. The forecasting methodology used to predict the number of students who will enroll in Frederick County Public Schools (FCPS) is a combination of cohort migration and live birth trend analysis. Attendance boundary analysis is also used for allocating staff among schools.

FCPS receives funds through a variety of sources including federal, state, county, and local (miscellaneous) sources. In the fall of each year, the amount of revenue from all sources is projected for the next fiscal year. From these estimates, the total proposed funding level is submitted. The proposed budget is based on the School Board’s budget goals as aligned to the Division Comprehensive Plan.

Funds for staffing are based on required minimum staffing ratios determined by the Virginia Board of Education and the current instructional priorities of the School Board. The School Board has established recommended average pupil teacher ratios as reflected in the following table. Also included in the following table are state and local funded average pupil teacher ratios for FY 2019.

Some special situations either require or encourage a smaller class size. For example, special education class sizes are limited based on student disability. Additionally, students who may be at risk academically show more success when placed in low class-size enrollments. Funds for the cost of staffing are allocated to programs, schools, and departments based on actual salaries and benefits.

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Pupil Teacher RatiosGrades Recommended Funded

Kindergarten 18:1 18:11 - 3 18:1 19:14 - 5 22:1 24:16 - 8 24:1 24:1

9 - 12 24:1 23:1

Executive Summary

FinancialThe budgeting and accounting systems of Frederick County Public Schools are organized and operated on the basis of accounts comprised of assets, liabilities, fund balances, revenues, and expenditures as appropriate. School division resources are allocated to and accounted for in individual funds based on the purpose for which they are intended to be spent or for which they are restricted. The division has three major types of funds—governmental, fiduciary, and proprietary.

Fund Classification Fund Type Description School Board FundGovernmental Funds, account for operating and special activities

Operating The School Operating Fund is FCPS' primary fund and is used to account for revenue and expenditures necessary for the day-to-day operations of FCPS.

School Operating Fund

Debt The Debt Service Fund is used to account for the transfers of funds, primarily from the county's general fund, for the payment of general long-term debt principal and interest.

Debt Service Fund

Capital The Construction Fund is used to Construction FundProjects account for restricted or assigned

financial resources to be used for the acquisition, construction, or repair of FCPS major capital facilities.

Capital The Capital Projects Fund provides for Capital Projects FundProjects major maintenance projects not

supported by the Operating Fund and are not considered construction projects.

Special Revenue

Special Revenue Funds are used to account for proceeds of specific revenue sources, other than major capital projects, in which expenditures are restricted for a specified purpose.

Textbook Fund,School Nutrition Fund,Special Grants Fund

Fiduciary Funds, account for resources held for others by FCPS as an agent or trustee

Trust Fiduciary Funds are custodial in nature and do not involve measurement of results of operations.

NREP Operating Fund,NREP Textbook Fund,Private Purpose Funds

Proprietary Funds, account for business activities

type Internal Service

Internal Service Funds are used to report an activity that provides goods or services to other funds, departments, or agencies of primary government, or other governments on a cost-reimbursement basis.

Consolidated Services Fund,Health Insurance Reserve Fund

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Executive Summary

FY 2019 Budget Highlights

All Funds Revenue• Total revenue increases by about $7.7 million or 3.8 percent.

• County revenue increases by $2.9 million or 3.0 percent due to increasing tax collections on real estateand personal property. $2.3 million in county funds are allocated for nonrecurring capital items.

• State revenue is approximately $3.5 million more than FY 2018—a 4.5 percent increase largely due toan increase in student enrollment.

• State lottery proceeds provide about $5.5 million in state funding for FCPS.

• Federal revenue is approximately $0.7 million more than FY 2018 and continues to fully fund a partialpreschool program.

All Funds Expenditure• Projects student enrollment of 13,705 reflecting 261 more students than the prior school year.

• Invests in personnel through a division average 2.5 percent salary increase for all staff, enhancementsto certain pay groups based on local market analysis, and a six percent increase to the employer’sshare of health insurance premiums.

• Supports 2,215.6 full time equivalent (FTE) employee positions.

• Invests in instruction by implementing an elementary alternative education program.

• Allocates funds to professional development focussed on student mental health.

• Supports student enrollment growth through more teachers, instructional aides, bus drivers, and busaides.

• Invests in safe and secure schools through enhancing school entrances.

• Invests in infrastructure by replacing technology equipment that supports the 1:1 student deviceinitiative and facilities equipment.

• Provides funding for new elementary, middle, and high school math textbooks.

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Fiscal Year 2019 Approved Budget - All FundsFull-time

FundEquivalent

TotalsPositions (FTE)

School Operating Fund $ 168, 455,680 2, 034.1School Debt Service Fund $ 14,966,405 -School Capital Project Fund $ 3,300,000 -School Construction Fund $ - -School Textbook Fund $ 4,261,037 0.5School Nutrition Services Fund $ 8,000,493 92.6Special Grants Fund $ - -Northwestern Regional Educational Program (NREP ) $ 5,491,659 72.4NREP Textbook Fund $ 65, 000 -Private Purpose Funds $ 300,000 1.0Consolidated Services Fund $ 3,600,000 15.0Total FY 2019 - All Funds $ 208, 440,274 2,215.6School Construction, Health Insurance Reserve, and Special Grants funds are appropriated in a different manner.

Executive Summary

Approved Revenue Summary of All FundsFCPS receives revenue to support its programs from three primary sources: Frederick County Board of Supervisors, the Commonwealth of Virginia, and the United States Federal Government.

The approved revenue budget was developed using state revenue estimates based on the House of Delegates version of the state budget. County funding revenues were based on a funding scenario approved by the County Board of Supervisors allocating 57 percent of the projected increase in local tax revenues to schools, which are accounted for in the School Operating Fund, School Capital Projects Fund and School Debt Service Fund. Federal and other revenues were based on the latest revenue estimates.

Money is also received from local sources including tuition, fees, rental of school property, and donations. Additional revenues may be available to the school division through grants and bond sales. The School Board is limited in the amount of revenue provided to the division. The School Board is not a taxing authority and must rely on the governing bodies for most of its funding.

Capital projects, construction, school textbook, NREP, school nutrition services, consolidated services, health insurance, private purpose funds, and special grant revenues are also explained in this section under the appropriate revenue source.

The table below and the following discussion of significant changes illustrate a consolidated overview of revenues received and expected by all funds.

All Funds Revenue Fiscal Year 2019

FY 2019 Change

Actual Approved Approved Over Percent Revenue Source FY 2017 FY 2018 FY 2019 FY 2018 Change

Federal 7,509,826 7,907,759 8,587,675 679, 916 8.6%State 73,217,417 77, 131,356 80, 625,391 3,494,035 4.5%County 92,585,080 96, 334,392 99, 210,494 2,876,102 3.0%Other 28,695,197 12, 395,089 12, 396,803 1,714 0.0%Fund Equity/Transfers 19,923,427 6,987,277 7,619,911 632, 634 9.1%Total 221,930,947 200,755,873 208,440,274 7,684,401 3.8%

Federal4%

State Aid & Sales

Tax39%

County47%

Other 6%

Fund Equity/

Transfers4%

Funding is mostly provided by the County

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Executive Summary

Federal Revenue – $8.6 MillionFederal aid is received for various entitlement federal programs and specific grants. Federal revenues are restricted for specific purposes. Federal funds support instructional services for career and technical education, special education for students with disabilities, adult education, students who are economically or educationally disadvantaged, at risk preschool students, and the national school lunch program. For FY 2019, FCPS is projected to receive $8.6 million from the federal government—a 8.6 percent increase compared to FY 2018.

Of the $8.6 million anticipated federal revenue, $4.6 million will be used for supplementing instruction for students disabled or intellectually/economically disadvantaged under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and ESEA restricted programs and grants accounted for in the School Operating Fund. Additionally, $2.7 million in federal aid is projected to be received for the School Nutrition Services Fund to subsidize lunches and breakfasts provided to eligible students, either free or at a reduced cost. Federal funds through the Virginia Preschool Initiative Plus grant continues to provide $0.7 million to support a partial preschool program. These funds were awarded after the FY 2018 budget was adopted requiring an adjustment to the budget. Other federal funds primarily consist of $0.2 million for the School Debt Service Fund to offset the interest cost associated with the Qualified School Construction Bond loan, making it a near zero interest loan. Another $0.3 million in other federal funds may be received for specific purposes designated by the grant.

State Revenue – $80.6 MillionState revenue is received in two forms: state aid and sales tax. State aid includes funding for basic aid to support the Standards of Quality (SOQ) and categorical aid, incentive programs, and lottery funds for special programs and initiatives. Virginia operates under a biennial budget; therefore, state aid is budgeted for a two-year period. Adjustments are subject to student membership, economic conditions, and changes made by the General Assembly. FY 2019 is the first year of the 2018-2020 state biennial budget. Significant state funding changes usually occur in the first year of the biennial budget due to updating SOQ amounts to reflect the prevailing costs of providing educational services. The second year usually contains minimal changes in funding due to changes in student enrollment and economic conditions.

A locality’s state aid is determined by its ability to pay for education. Virginia recognizes that some localities are wealthier than others. The state attempts to equitably distribute funding for education among localities by applying a factor to adjust a locality’s state aid based on the locality wealth factor—the Local Composite Index (LCI). The LCI includes wealth capacity indicators of assessed value of real property, adjusted gross income, and taxable retail sales within a locality as compared to the state totals.

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Federal Revenue Approved Approved($ in millions) FY 2018 FY 2019

IDEA $ 2.6 $ 2.5

ESSA $ 1.9 $ 1.7IDEA/ESSA Carry-Over s $ 0.4 $ 0.4Child Nutrition Act $ 2.6 $ 2.7Preschool VPI + $ - $ 0.7Other Federal Funds $ 0.5 $ 0.5Total $ 7.9 $ 8.6 Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA )

Virginia Preschool Initiative Plus (VPI+)

Executive Summary

School divisions with a low composite index receive more state aid per pupil, and localities with a high composite index receive less state aid. For FY 2019, Frederick County’s composite index is 0.3898. The state will fund 61.02 percent, and Frederick County is required to pay 38.98 percent of the cost of the minimum educational program set by the state SOQ. In FY 2019, FCPS is projected to receive $80.6 million from the state. State funding to support the Standards of Quality and funding from sales tax revenues are the largest source of state funds for FCPS.

County Transfer of Revenue – $99.2 MillionReal property, personal property, and local sales taxes are the primary revenue sources for Frederick County. The Frederick County Board of Supervisors appropriates (approves) a transfer of revenue to the Frederick County School Board to fund the School Operating, Debt Service, and Capital Projects Funds. For FY 2019, the school division will receive about $99.2 million in county funds representing a $2.9 million or 3.0 percent increase compared to the FY 2018 approved budget.

Other Revenue – $12.4 MillionAbout $12.4 million in revenues from various sources are projected to be available in FY 2019. These miscellaneous revenue sources include rental of school property, donations/grants, Northwestern Regional Educational Programs (NREP) locality billings, driver education fees, tuition for various programs, school breakfast and lunch sales, parking fees, and vehicle maintenance services provided to FCPS and other government agencies. Other funds, including textbook, private purpose, insurance reserve, NREP funds, and special grants, are supported by interest earnings, billings, or individual receipts.

Fund Equity/Transfers – $7.6 MillionFund equity (carry-forward/beginning balances) of textbook, school nutrition services, NREP, and debt service funds and transfers between funds account for $7.6 million of the $208.4 million total revenue for School Board funds.

14

State Revenu es Approved Approved($ in millions) FY 2018 FY 2019

Standards of Quality $ 54.0 $ 57.2Sales Tax $ 14.6 $ 15.0Incentive Programs $ 1.5 $ 1.1Categorical Programs $ 0.8 $ 0.9Lottery Proceeds $ 5.3 $ 5.5Other State Funds $ 0.9 $ 0.9Total $ 77.1 $ 80.6

Executive Summary

Revenue ComparisonThe following chart compares revenue on a per student basis received by all Virginia schools. The data is from the Virginia Annual School Report compiled by the Virginia Department of Education and is for the year ending June 30, 2017—the most current comparable information available. Revenues for operating, capital projects, textbooks, and school nutrition are compared.

5% 3% 7%

46%32%

42%

50%65%

51%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Frederick County Regional Average State Average

2017 Revenue Source Comparison on a Per Student Basis

Federal Aid State Aid County/City/Local

Approved Expenditure Summary of All FundsThis summary provides a consolidated overview of the expenditures in all funds by expenditure type. Summary expenditure information on each fund and the budget changes from FY 2018 to FY 2019 are also included in this executive summary. The approved expenditure budget was developed using a zero-based approach for 98 percent of the accounts reflecting current estimates for actual expenditures.

Personnel – $153.7 MillionPersonnel includes all salaries, wages, employee benefits such as retirement through the Virginia Retirement System and health and life insurance, payroll taxes, and worker’s compensation. Personnel expense increased by $7.8 million due to a 2.5 percent division average salary increase for staff, enhancements to certain pay groups that significantly fell behind the local labor market, a six percent group health insurance premium increase, and the addition of 38 full-time equivalent positions.

Operating – $27.3 MillionOperating expense includes contracted services for instruction such as speech, occupational and physical therapy, and interpreting as well as contracted services for grounds maintenance. Also included in operating are utilities, vehicle and bus fuel, food, materials, and supplies.

Capital Outlay – $8.0 MillionCapital outlay includes the purchase of new and/or replacement fixed assets costing $5,000 or more. Included here are machinery, equipment, furniture, fixtures, communications equipment, motor vehicles, school buses, technology software, hardware, and infrastructure. Construction projects are also included.

15

Executive Summary

Debt Service – $14.9 MillionDebt service includes principal and interest payments on bonds and other borrowings for school construction amortized over a twenty-year period.

Payments to Regional Programs – $3.6 MillionPayments to regional programs include Northwestern Regional Educational Programs (NREP) and Mountain Vista Regional Governor's School (MVRGS). These payments include FCPS' share of program costs for students with special educational needs at NREP and gifted educational needs at MVRGS.

Transfers – $0.6 MillionOperating funds are transferred to the Textbook Fund to support the local required match to provide textbooks free of charge to students and to the School Nutrition Fund to support uncollectible student meal accounts.

Private Purpose – $0.3 MillionPrivate purpose funds are restricted for purposes in which donations or grant funds are received by FCPS. Bright Futures activities are recorded here and do not affect the results of school operations.

As indicated in the following table, the approved total for all funds budgeted expenditures increased by $7.7 million in FY 2019 based on available revenues of $208.4 million. Estimates for School Construction, Health Insurance Reserve, and Special Grants are excluded from the approved budget columns in the following table as they are appropriated differently. Estimates for these funds are included under Financial Forecasts and the Financial Section.

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All Funds Expenditure sFiscal Year 2019

FY 2019 Change Expense Actual Approved Approved Over Percent Percent

Type FY 2017 FY 2018 FY 2019 FY 2018 Chang e of TotalPersonnel 154,289,382 145,828,909 153,657,381 7, 828,472 5.4% 73.7%

Operating 21,095,517 26,522,524 27, 345,531 823,007 3.1% 13.1%

Capital Outlay 11,885,633 7, 642,211 8,018,324 376,113 4.9% 3.8%

Debt Service 16,411,249 15,753,751 14, 941,405 ( 812,346) -5.2% 7.2%

Pmts to Regional Programs 3, 298,916 3, 738,488 3,634,335 ( 104,153) -2.8% 1.7%

Transfers 559,951 1, 194,990 543,298 ( 651,692) -54.5% 0.3%

Private Purpose 26,816 75,000 300,000 225,000 300.0% 0.1%

Total $ 207,567,464 $ 200,755,873 $ 208,440,274 $ 7,684,401 3.8% 100.0%

Executive Summary

Fund by Fund SummariesThe following pages provide an overview of the revenues and expenses projected for each fund.

School Operating Fund $168.5 Million, 2,034.1 positions Revenue Changes by Source The School Operating Fund provides for the daily operations of the school division. It is funded by state, county, federal, and other miscellaneous local funds. For this fund, revenues are increased by $8.6 million or 5.4 percent in FY 2019 to a total of $168.5 million.

Sales Tax and State Aid Revenue – $3.5 Million IncreaseState revenues received by FCPS (including sales tax and lottery proceeds) are estimated at $79.5 million and reflect an increase of $3.5 million largely due to student enrollment growth.

Federal Revenue – $0.5 Million IncreaseFederal revenues of $5.6 million reflect a $0.5 million increase for the School Operating Fund. The increase reflects funding changes in titled programs for disadvantaged students under the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) and for preschool students under the Virginia Preschool Initiative Plus grant.

Tuition, Fees, and Other Miscellaneous Local Revenues – $19,610 IncreaseLocal revenues include such items as tuition and fees from students, charges from the use of facilities, program rebates, and the sale of surplus property.

County Transfer of Revenue – $5.1 Million IncreaseCounty transfer of revenues is projected to be $82.4 million for the School Operating Fund—an increase of $5.1 million compared to FY 2018. The increase reflects a continued projection for economic improvement in Frederick County.

Fund Equity/Transfers – $0.6 Million DecreaseA transfer of excess revenues from the School Debt Service Fund in the prior year is not sustained.

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School Operating Fund RevenueFiscal Year 2019

FY 2019 ChangeActual Approved Approved Over Percent Percent

Revenue Source FY 2017 FY 2018 FY 2019 FY 2018 Change of Total

Revenue

Sales Tax 14,560,987 14,637,446 14,988,971 351, 525 2.4% 8.9%

State Aid 57,541,257 61,345,480 64,534,153 3,188,673 5.2% 38.3%

Federal Aid 4,663,936 5,037,745 5, 570,556 532, 811 10.6% 3.3%

Tuition, Fees & Other 986, 746 967, 716 987,326 19,610 2.0% 0.6%

Sub-total Receipts 77,752,925 81,988,387 86,081,006 4,092,619 5.0% 51.1%

County Transfer 75,941,986 77,273,630 82,374,674 5,101,044 6.6% 48.9%

Fund Equity/Transfers 670, 619 617, 478 - (617,478) 0.0% 0.0%Total $ 154, 365,531 $ 159, 879,495 $ 168,455,680 $ 8,576,185 5.4% 100.0%

Executive Summary

Operating Expenditure Changes by ObjectThe School Operating Fund expenditures are increased by about $8.6 million or 5.4 percent in FY 2019 compared to FY 2018 to a total of $168.5 million.

Personnel – $7.5 Million IncreaseJust over 86 percent of School Operating revenues fund personnel expense—salary costs for regular personnel positions, overtime, temporary employees, substitutes, and supplemental pay. Health insurance, retirement plans, Social Security, life insurance, and worker’s compensation are included here. The $7.5 million increase supports a 2.5 percent division average salary increase for staff, certain pay group enhancements based on local market comparisons, a six percent group health insurance premium increase, and the addition of 36 full-time equivalent positions directly and indirectly serving students and supported by the school operating fund.

Operating – $0.8 Million IncreaseJust over ten percent of School Operating revenues fund operating expenses including purchased services (legal, repairs and maintenance, occupational and physical therapy, and other services not performed by FCPS employees), other charges (utilities, insurance, travel, memberships, lease/rent of equipment, etc.), and materials and supplies for instruction and operations. The $0.8 million increase to operating costs is primarily due to increased contracted services to support more students enrolled in special programs and increased utility rates.

Capital Outlay, Payments to Regional Programs, and Transfers – $0.3 IncreaseCapital outlay includes replacement and new computer hardware, vehicles, and heavy equipment. Payments to Northwestern Regional Education Program and Mountain Vista Regional Governor's School include FCPS’ cost share for FCPS school-age students projected to be enrolled in those programs. Transfers include a transfer of local required funds to the School Textbook Fund to support providing students free textbooks.

School Operating Fund ExpendituresFiscal Year 2019

FY 2019 Change

Actual Approved Approved Over Percent Percent Expense by Object FY 2017 FY 2018 FY 2019 FY 2018 Change of Total

Salaries 94, 064,180 97,678,228 103,413,260 5,735,032 5.9% 61.4%

Benefits 35, 849,671 39,854,998 41,583,882 1,728,884 4.3% 24.7%

Sub-total Personnel 129,913,851 137,533,225 144,997,141 7,463,916 5.4% 86.1%

Purchased Services 3,941,148 5, 662,802 6, 220,007 557,205 9.8% 3.7%

Other Charges 4,820,111 5, 473,071 5, 759,301 286,230 5.2% 3.4%

Materials & Supplies 7,056,459 5, 738,777 5, 731,998 (6,779) -0.1% 3.4%

Sub-total Operating 15, 817,718 16,874,650 17,711,306 836,656 5.0% 10.5%

Capital Outlay 2,460,571 1, 155,620 1, 569,600 413,980 35.8% 0.9%

Pmts to Regional Prgms 3,298,916 3, 738,488 3, 634,335 (104,153) -2.8% 2.2%

Transfers 559,951 577,512 543,298 (34,214) -5.9% 0.3%

Total $ 152,051,007 $ 159,879,495 $ 168,455,680 $ 8,576,185 5.4% 100.0%

Education is labor intensive

14%

86%

Salaries & BenefitsAll Other

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Executive Summary

Operating Fund Expenditure AdjustmentsFY 2019 adjustments in School Operating Fund expenditures are listed in the following chart and are explained in the following text. Spending adjustments net $8.6 million more than FY 2018.

Baseline Adjustments – $0.8 Million IncreaseBaseline adjustments include costs for per sonnel, materials, supplies, equipment, vehicle fuel, utilities, and other services to continue current operations of the school division. This includes inflationary increases for selected accounts, adjustments in other accounts to reflect the increased cost of doing business, reductions to costs from the previous budget year, and changes to restricted grant programs.

Instructional Initiatives – $2.3 Million IncreaseThe budget supports 28 new full-time equivalent positions directly serving students—classroom teachers, instructional aides, special education teachers and aides, and a special education coordinator to support student enrollment growth and students with special educational needs. The budget also funds the implementation of an elementary alternative education program with additional teachers, instructional aides, and start-up materials. This program is designed to help students struggling with behavioral issues acquire appropriate social skills and strategies to succeed academically and socially in the classroom. The program's goal is to transition students back to their base school. Further, appropriation is reserved due to budget proposal differences between the Virginia House of Delegates and Senate. At the time of FCPS' budget adoption, the state budget was not finalized. Should the Senate version of the state budget be adopted by the General Assembly, the reserve amount will not be available to spend.

Professional Development – $0.2 Million IncreaseThe budget supports services and professional development designed to support student mental health needs.

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School Operating FundFY 2019 Expenditure Adjustments Over FY 2018

Baseline Adjustments $ 778,492Net adjustments in all grants/restricted programs $ 563,901Market conditions on selected accounts (fuel, utilities, services, etc.) $ (27,960)NREP & MTN Vista Governor's School operating changes (FCPS share) $ (104,153)Textbooks - local required match $ (34,217)Employer share pension rate decrease $ (485,839)Employer share group health insurance premium increase $ 866,760Goal: Instructional initiatives to address increased accountability & improve student achievement $ 2,307,643New staffing for student growth and special needs $ 1,541,500Elementary Alternative Education Program—staffing and start-up materials $ 208,000Career and technical services—agriculture and health sciences $ 19,425Contingency reserve $ 538,718Goal: Professional development designed to support student needs $ 150,000Student mental health–contracted support services and professional development $ 150,000Goal: Compensation packages to recruit and retain high quality staff $ 4,309,1502.5% division average salary increase for staff $ 3,022,774Pay group enhancements based on local market comparisons $ 1,286,376Goal: Operational funding to address the preservation of assets and infrastructure $ 1,030,900New support staffing—student transportation, facilities and business $ 259,400Modular classroom space $ 137,100Technology and facilities equipment replacement cycles $ 634,400

Totals $ 8,576,185

Executive Summary

Compensation – $4.3 Million IncreaseTo meet the School Board's priority of compensation packages that enable the recruitment and retention of high-quality staff, the operating budget includes a 2.5 percent salary increase for all staff and a targeted salary initiative for teachers and certain support staff based on supply and demand and comparisons to the local job market. FCPS compensates just over 2,200 full-time equivalent positions.

Teachers are central to quality education; therefore, recruiting, retaining, and rewarding effective teachers is essential to successful schools. The starting teacher salary is $42,000 with a bachelors degree or $46,109 with a masters degree. Currently, as illustrated below, FCPS' teacher salary scale is aligned with the 30-mile regional average if those school divisions increase their prior year scales by two percent. The 30-mile average includes the school divisions of Clarke, Loudoun, Fauquier, Shenandoah, Warren, and Winchester. Loudoun County competes for Frederick teachers and has the resources to offer significantly greater pay. The pay gap between Frederick and Loudoun is $31,000 at 30 years experience, $22,000 at 15 years experience, and $9,000 for a beginning teacher.

Asset Preservation and Infrastructure – $1.0 Million IncreaseTo support facilities maintenance, the budget includes two additional facilities technicians, a custodian, and additional repairs and maintenance funds. The facilities services department maintains buildings totaling more than 2.6 million square feet. The budget also adds two bus drivers and two bus aides to support a growing school division. Lastly, an accountant position is included in the budget to support finance operations across the division.

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Teacher Salary Comparison $100,000

$90,000

$80,000

$70,000

$60,000

$50,000

$40,000Beginning 15 year point 30 year point

Frederick 30-Mile Regional Average Loudoun

21

Executive Summary

Operating Fund Expenditures by Program and FunctionAnother way to review School Operating Fund expenditures is by program and function. This fund is divided into nine instructional programs and nine support functions as shown in the chart below. Each program budget includes costs for salaries, benefits, services, materials, and equipment specific to that program.

As illustrated below, seventy-six percent of school operating funds support the instructional programs.

Where the funding goes

5% Instruction4%6%

Operations &9% Maintenance

$168.5 PupilMillionTransportation

Technology76%

All Other

Operating Expenditures by Program FY 2019

FY 2019 ChangeActual Approved Approved Over

FY 2017 FY 2018 FY 2019 FY 2018Instructional ProgramsRegular Education $ 82,811,024 $ 87,642,141 $ 91,232,998 $ 3,590,857Special Education $ 20,631,130 $ 22,253,278 $ 23,647,167 $ 1,393,889Career & Technical Education $ 7,738,336 $ 7,959,897 $ 8,239,642 $ 279,745Gifted and Talented $ 900,416 $ 937,950 $ 993,000 $ 55, 050Other $ 1,308,666 $ 1,999,693 $ 2,072,965 $ 73, 272Summer $ 200,560 $ 225,282 $ 171,550 $ (53,732)Adult Division $ 16,914 $ 16,914 $ 16,914 $ -Preschool $ 350 $ - $ 626,800 $ 626,800Community Services $ 651,374 $ 668,000 $ 690,000 $ 22, 000Subtotal

$ 114,258,770 $ 121,703,155 $ 127,691,036 $ 5,987,881 Instructional ProgramsSupport ProgramsAdministration $ 4,151,920 $ 4,500,413 $ 4,831,613 $ 331,200Attendance and Health $ 2,477,440 $ 2,719,060 $ 2,749,100 $ 30, 041Pupil Transportation $ 8,760,541 $ 9,135,822 $ 9,404,148 $ 268,326Operations and Maintenance $ 13,919,071 $ 14,287,271 $ 14,989,146 $ 701,875School Nutrition Preschool $ - $ - $ 17,950 $ 17, 950Facilities $ 463,485 $ 209,511 $ 369,174 $ 159,662Fund Transfers $ 559,951 $ 577,512 $ 543,298 $ (34,214)Technology $ 7,459,829 $ 6,746,751 $ 7,321,497 $ 574,746Contingency Reserve $ - $ - $ 538,718 $ 538,718Subtotal

$ 37,792,237 $ 38,176,340 $ 40,764,644 $ 2,588,304 Support ProgramsTotal $ 152,051,007 $ 159,879,495 $ 168,455,680 $ 8,576,185

Executive Summary

Other FundsDebt Service Fund$14,966,405This fund pays the principal and interest to finance school construction. County transfer of funds is the primary revenue source for this fund. FCPS participates in the Qualified School Construction Bond (QSCB) federal program, which provided a near interest free loan for the construction of the new transportation facility. Due to the timing of projects listed under the Capital Improvement Plan, the debt service level on existing projects is decreasing.

Capital Projects Fund$3,300,000This capital projects fund provides for major maintenance projects that are not supported by the School Operating Fund and are not considered major construction projects. County general fund monies and/or the school division’s carryforward funds from previous years are typically the sources of revenue for this fund. For FY 2019, the county is providing $2.3 million for facilities maintenance projects and transportation improvements at Gainesboro Elementary and Frederick County Middle schools. A prior year carryforward amount of $1.0 million to support projects begun in the prior year but not completed make up the balance of this fund.

Construction FundThis capital projects fund provides for all new facilities and most facility renovations and expansions. Projects are approved through the Capital Improvement Plan process and are then approved by the County Board of Supervisors. Funding for the projects is provided primarily through the sale of Virginia Public School Authority bonds. Virginia Literary Fund monies are available under certain circumstances, and local funding also can be used in lieu of incurring debt. The Capital Improvement Plan lists the following construction projects as top priorities: replacement of Robert E. Aylor Middle School, construction of the fourth high school, and Armel Elementary School addition and renovation. Appropriation for this fund is approved after the close of FY 2018 and is based on the amount that equals the approved original project cost less expenditures and encumbrances through June 30, 2018. Financial estimates for this fund are included in the Financial Forecasts and Financial Section.

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Debt Service Fund Revenue and Expenditures $ Change over

FY 2017 FY 2018 FY 2019 FY 2018 Actual Approved Approved Approved

BEGINNING BALANCE 113,879 20,629 11,923 ( 8,706)REVENUES:

VPSA Credits 94,742 127,343 142,880 15,537Federal Govt. (QSCB) 276,973 275,782 275,782 -County General Fund Transfer 15, 972,475 15, 972,475 14, 535,820 (1,436,655)

Total Funds Available $ 16,458,069 $ 16,396,229 $ 14,966,405 $ (1,429,824)

EXPENDITURES:Payment of Principal 10, 863,296 10, 784,583 10, 341,220 (443,363)Payment of Interest 5,547,953 4,969,168 4,600,185 (368,983)Miscellaneous Charges 16,350 25,000 25,000 -Transfer to School Operating Fund - 617,478 - (617,478)Reserve for Future Debt - - - -

Total Disbursements $ 16,427,599 $ 16,396,229 $ 14,966,405 $ (1,429,824)

FUND BALANCE 30,470 - -

Executive Summary

School Textbook Fund$4,261,037, 0.5 positionsThis special revenue fund provides for the purchase of adopted textbooks to support the curriculum of Frederick County Public Schools (FCPS). It is funded by state revenues and a transfer of county revenues from the School Operating Fund. Miscellaneous revenue from interest and fees for lost or damaged textbooks is also received. Disbursements for textbooks are determined by an adoption schedule set by the Virginia Department of Education. Textbooks planned for adoption in FY 2019 are math for all levels. The fund also supports a part-time clerical position to coordinate the division’s textbook inventory.

School Nutrition Services Fund$8,000,493, 92.6 positionsThis special revenue fund provides for all school nutrition services operating and administrative costs. The fund is supported primarily by food sales and federal and state subsidies for the school lunch and breakfast programs. Meal prices remain level with the prior school year. About 50 percent of all students are expected to participate in the school lunch program. Thirty-four percent of all students are eligible for free/reduced priced meals. About 1.5 million meals are served a year in FCPS’ 19 school cafeterias—equating to almost 9,000 meals per day.

Special Grants Fund This special revenue fund accounts for revenue received from designated sources for specified purposes and for which FCPS is fiscal agent. Occasionally, a multi-year or multi-jurisdictional grant will be awarded and will need to be accounted for separately from the Operating Fund. Appropriation for this fund is equal to the fund balance plus any receipts during the fiscal year.

NREP Operating and Textbook Funds $5,556,659, 72.4 positionsThese fiduciary funds provide for the operation of the Northwestern Regional Educational Programs (NREP), jointly operated and supported by Frederick County, Winchester City, and Clarke County Schools. The program provides an intensive level of special education services to certain students. Billings to the participating localities based on projected student enrollment are the primary revenue sources for this fund. A separate fund is used to account for NREP’s textbooks.

Private Purpose Funds$300,000, 1.0 position These fiduciary funds include two funds—School Private Purpose Trust Income Fund and School Private Purpose Endowed Trust Fund. These funds account for non-expendable funds provided through private grantors or donors and are restricted for special purposes. Private purpose gifts and donations to the school division, such as the Bright Futures program, are recorded here.

Consolidated Services Fund$3,600,000, 15.0 positionsThis proprietary, enterprise fund captures maintenance services provided by FCPS facilities services staff to the Frederick County government and to the regional library. This fund also captures financial activities of the vehicle maintenance operation and fueling at the transportation facility located on Route 522 South close to Armel Elementary School. Revenue for this fund is provided by billings to the school division, volunteer fire stations, and other county agencies utilizing the service.

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Executive Summary

Health Insurance Reserve FundThis proprietary fund accounts for all activity associated with employee health insurance costs and premiums. Under a self-insured program, the insured group pays for all medical and dental costs. Premiums are set based on anticipated claims for the upcoming plan year. If claims exceed premium contributions, the fund balance can be used to offset the deficit. Medical and dental claims for FY 2019 are anticipated to be about $21.1 million. Premiums will increase an average six percent for the employer and employee shares. Appropriation for this fund is equal to the fund balance plus any receipts during the fiscal year. Financial estimates for this fund are included in the Financial Section.

Linking Budget Dollars to Student AchievementFCPS continues to connect the budget with instructional initiatives that improve student achievement, engagement, and accountability. Initiatives include implementation of an elementary alternative education program and allocation of resources to address student mental health. Initiatives are made possible by reallocating existing budgeted funds and approval of new funds.

Elementary Alternative Education ProgramJust over $200,000 are allocated to implement an elementary alternative education program. This program is designed to help students struggling with behavior acquire appropriate social skills and strategies to succeed. The ultimate goal of this program is to intervene and correct behaviors early and transition students back to their home school. Two classrooms are included in the budget equipped with a teacher, an instructional aide, and instructional supplies.

Student Mental Health FocusCoping with mental health concerns negatively impacts students' ability to succeed in school. It impacts cognitive demands for learning, social and emotional demands for making friends and following school expectations, and physical demands of activity throughout the school day. Additional resources of $150,000 are allocated to support students faced with mental health concerns. These additional resources will provide for a licensed clinical social worker to serve as the liaison between schools and the community for mental health support, family partnership meetings, and case management. Funding will also provide professional development for staff on issues related to student mental health.

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Executive Summary

Financial ForecastsFinancial forecasts are calculated for all funds classified as general and are based on future needs for operations and capital planning financing. Expenditure amounts represented are a financial translation of long term plans and needs of the school division. The following table combines financial forecasts for the School Operating, School Debt Service, School Capital Projects, School Construction, School Textbook, and School Nutrition Services Funds.

Forecasted expenses by fund are based on needs and limited assumptions. Forecasted increases for School Operating, School Textbook, and School Nutrition Services Funds include a 2.5 percent salary increase for staff, staffing increases to support student enrollment growth projections, health insurance increases, twelfth elementary school opening costs, additional funds for replacement technology equipment and school buses, and standard inflationary increases for materials, services, and supplies. School Construction Fund is forecasted to construct the twelfth elementary school, a replacement Robert E. Aylor Middle School, fourth high school, and Armel Elementary addition projects as adopted by the School Board Capital Improvement Plan in November 2017. As of June 30, 2018, funding for the twelfth elementary school is the only project approved by the county Board of Supervisors.

Forecasted revenues by source are adjusted to accommodate forecasted expense pressures. State revenues are forecasted based on projected student enrollment growth and SOQ rebenchmarking in fiscal year 2021. County revenues are forecasted upward to finance the Capital Improvement Plan construction projects (Aylor replacement, fourth high school, and Armel addition), support the forecasted increases in the School Operating Fund, and provide support to the School Textbook Fund based on adoption schedules. Bond proceeds revenues fluctuate based on the Capital Improvement Plan construction timeline.

Governmental Funds - Financial ForecastsFY 2019

Approved/ FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 Estimated Forecast* Forecast* Forecast*

School Operating $ 168,455,680 $ 174,786,293 $ 185,288,687 $ 191,875,558School Debt Service $ 14,966,405 $ 16,875,023 $ 18,318,718 $ 19,354,342School Textbook $ 4,261,037 $ 3,136,523 $ 2,724,153 $ 1,574,182School Nutrition Services $ 8,000,493 $ 7,267,549 $ 7,393,436 $ 7,446,021School Capital Projects $ 3,300,000 $ - $ - $ -School Construction Fund** $ 41,577,238 $ 43,270,000 $ 42,900,000 $ 28,400,000General Fund Expenditures Total $ 240,560,853 $ 245,335,388 $ 256,624,994 $ 248,650,102

Federal $ 8,587,675 $ 8,669,915 $ 8,754,622 $ 8,841,871State $ 80,599,391 $ 84,613,315 $ 90,461,728 $ 94,928,751County $ 99,210,494 $ 101,148,867 $ 107,246,543 $ 110,402,014Other $ 3,481,144 $ 3,536,144 $ 3,591,144 $ 3,646,144Bond Proceeds $ 34,662,902 $ 43,270,000 $ 42,900,000 $ 28,400,000Fund Equity/Transfers $ 14,019,247 $ 4,097,146 $ 3,670,957 $ 2,431,322General Fund Revenues Total $ 240,560,853 $ 245,335,388 $ 256,624,994 $ 248,650,102 *Standard methodologies were used to project FY20 through FY22. Economic conditions and enrollment changes could cause significant variances from the projection.**FY19 through FY22 School Construction Fund is a projection based on the close of the 2018 fiscal year and assumed full appropriation of Aylor Middle replacement, 4th high school, and Armel addition projects. As of June 30, 2018, the BOS has not approved funding for these construction projects.

The Capital Projects Fund is excluded from financial forecasts since expenditures to support recurring preventative maintenance and replacement schedules for school buses, technology, and facilities equipment are included in the School Operating Fund.

25

26

Executive Summary

InformationalStudent Enrollment Trends and ForecastsEnrollment ChangesThe single greatest determinant of funding and resource needs for any school division is the size of its student enrollment. Spending on wages and benefits, materials and supplies, and capital infra structure is often derived directly or indirectly from student population.

The number of students by grade level and by year is analyzed for migration and attrition statistics. Projections are prepared using historical data applied to the trends. Other factors that drive enrollment projections include live birth rate information and population growth in the county.

Student enrollment at all levels is projected to change over the next few years. Growth at the high school level and current capacity concerns will impact the timing of constructing the fourth high school.

FCPS Student Membership

Grades Grades Grades Change in Fiscal Year K-5 6-8 9-12 Total Total Students

2012 5,926 3,070 4,033 13, 029 (14)2013 5,980 3,110 3,976 13, 066 372014 5,968 3,108 3,969 13, 045 (21)2015 5,939 3,063 4,090 13, 092 472016 5,884 3,029 4,179 13, 092 -2017 5,934 3,109 4,203 13, 246 1542018 5,951 3,199 4,294 13, 444 198

Membership Projections2019 6,036 3,343 4,327 13, 705 2612020 6,115 3,462 4,391 13, 968 2632021 6,230 3,576 4,502 14, 307 3392022 6,394 3,579 4,769 14, 743 4362023 6,602 3,585 4,918 15, 105 362

Change in Total Students from 2007 to 2019

500

450

400 373

350 309 300 261 250

198 200

154 150 122

10047

50 37 8 (14) (21) 0 8

-2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019P (50)

P = projected

Executive Summary

Student DemographicsChanges in student enrollment, especially when they are rapid changes, create challenges for school divisions. In the past five years, the overall FCPS student population has grown just under three percent. County-wide projections for population and housing growth indicate robust increases in student population within the next decade. Additionally, significant variations in specific populations continue to occur, which generate the need for reallocation of existing or request for new resources to accommodate the service needs of those students.

Economically DisadvantagedThe number of students eligible for free or reduced-priced lunch programs (economically disadvantaged students) has increased by about 1 percent during the last five years. About 4,700 students are expected to be eligible for free or reduced-priced meals in FY 2019.

Student SubgroupsWhile the total number of students grew by 2.9 percent in the past five years, those receiving language instruction for English language learners and immigrant students have grown by over 45 percent. A total of 1,099 students received these services in FY 2018. This group requires more complex services and additional staffing, space, and funding. The percentage of students receiving special education services is growing. FCPS served 1,773 special education students in FY 2018, an increase of 23.3 percent compared to five years ago.

Percentage of Students Eligible for Free, Reduced, or Full-Priced Meals

100%

80%64.2% 64.8% 66.1% 66.8% 67.3% 65.5%

60% % Full

% Reduced40%8.5% 6.1% 6.6% 6.2% 6.7% 5.9% % Free

20%27.3% 29.1% 27.3% 27.0% 26.0% 28.6%

0%2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Change in FCPS Student Membership in the Past Five Years

13,066All Students 2.9% change13,444

10,871Regular Education -2.8% change10,572

Free/Reduced Meal 4,6780.9% changeEligibility 4,719

757English Learners 45.2% change1,099

1,438 2013 2018Special Education 23.3% change1,773

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Executive Summary

Student DiversityThe chart below illustrates changes in FCPS’ student diversity since 2014.

Local TaxesSchool divisions in Virginia do not have taxing authority and are fiscally dependent on the local government. Frederick County government collects taxes on real estate, personal property, and other sources and transfers a percentage of those revenues to FCPS for operations and debt service. There is no formal agreement on the percentage of collected revenues that are transferred to FCPS. Historically and currently, 57 percent of new local tax revenues are transferred to schools.

Real estate taxes are one of the largest revenue generators for Frederick County. The following table lists ten years of real estate tax rates and the impact of the rate on the average residential home in Frederick County.

FCPS Student Diversity2014 and 20184% 5%

100% 1% 2%

80%

60% 78% 74%

40%

20%13% 17%

5% 4%0%2014 2018

Black Hispanic White Asian Other

Tax Year Fiscal Year

Real Property Tax Rate,

Dollars per $100 Value

Mean Assessed Value of

Residence Mean Tax Bill

% Increase or Decrease

Assessed Value

% Increase or

Decrease Tax Bill

2007 2008 $ 0.525 $ 245,000 $ 1,286 -7% -6.8%2008 2009 $ 0.510 $ 193,417 $ 986 -21% -23.3%2009 2010 $ 0.510 $ 171,500 $ 875 -11% -11.3%2010 2011 $ 0.545 $ 178,000 $ 970 4% 10.9%2011 2012 $ 0.585 $ 183,000 $ 1,071 3% 10.4%2012 2013 $ 0.585 $ 197,000 $ 1,152 8% 7.7%2013 2014 $ 0.585 $ 207,600 $ 1,214 5% 5.4%2014 2015 $ 0.560 $ 220,500 $ 1,235 6% 1.7%2015 2016 $ 0.600 $ 225,961 $ 1,356 2% 9.8%2016 2017 $ 0.600 $ 247,417 $ 1,485 9% 9.5%

Source: Frederick County 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial ReportMean home values provided by the Frederick County Commissioner of Revenue

For FY 2019, the Frederick County Board of Supervisors approved a budget based on a real estate tax rate at $0.61 per $100 of assessed value and a personal property tax rate at $4.86 per $100 of assessed value.

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Executive Summary

Personnel ChangesAs the second largest employer in the Winchester-Frederick County area, FCPS plans to employ 2,215.6 full-time equivalent (FTE) employees in FY 2019. Over two-thirds of these employees reside in the Winchester-Frederick County area.

Over 83 percent of all staff are school-based. The number of school-based teachers and instructional aides is increasing due to increasing student enrollment, an elementary alternative education program, and special instructional needs. School-based support positions include office of the principal, school nurses, psychologists, social workers, school custodians, and school nutrition staff. Pupil transportation positions include bus drivers, bus aides, mechanics, and transportation administration. Pupil transportation positions are increased by five FTEs including two bus drivers, two bus aides, and a mechanic. Non school-based positions include the superintendent, assistant superintendents, instructional and administrative directors and supervisors, specialists, information technology and maintenance technicians, and clerical support. Non-school-based positions are increased by six FTEs including facilities maintenance technicians, custodian, courier, and accountant.

Approved Adjusted Approved ChangeDivision Staffing –FY 2018 FY 2018 FY 2019 FY18 Adj. to FY19All Funds

Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent

School-Based 1,802.6 83.7% 1,821.0 83.6% 1,848.0 83.4% 27.0 1.5%

Pupil Transportation 226.4 10.5% 235.0 10.8% 240.0 10.8% 5.0 2.1%

Non-School-Based 123.4 5.7% 121.6 5.6% 127.6 5.8% 6.0 4.9%

Total Positions 2,152.3 100.0% 2,177.6 100.0% 2, 215.6 100.0% 38. 0 1.7%

All Positions – FY 2019

6%11%

83%

School-based Pupil Transportation Nonschool-Based

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Executive Summary

Benchmark DataPer-pupil ExpenditureFrederick County Public Schools’ per pupil expense continues to be lower than both the regional and state averages as illustrated in the following graph. Preliminary projections show an FCPS per pupil expense of $12,630 for FY 2019 compared to a projected $12,433 for FY 2018. The per pupil expenditure calculation is based on Virginia Department of Education’s definition of operations. All school divisions report expenditures in a standardized format, and division comparative information is provided in the Virginia Superinten dent’s Annual School Report. Operations include regular day school, food services, summer school, adult education, and other educational programs. Operations in this calculation do not include the cost of facilities, debt service, and capital outlay for additions.

Student to Teacher RatioThe chart below compares the student to teacher ratio for FCPS and surrounding school divisions. All school divisions report the number of teachers and student membership to the Virginia Department of Education in a standardized format. The Virginia Department of Education consolidates elementary, middle, and high school data into two categories: elementary for kindergarten through seventh grades and secondary for eighth through twelfth grades. Source: Virginia Department of Education, Superintendent’s Annual School Report, Fiscal Year 2017, Table 17a.

Comparative Cost Per Pupil FY 2017(most current data available)

16,00014,317

14,000 13,057 12,567 12,171 11,631 11,823 12,045

12,000 10,737 10,182

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

- W C C C W L S F F A A RC o h C Ci o lar

a ro v S v ea o eu u uC e o on u err u d n uC q u de

ta e gich n n oi k ot n o a n u ran rat e t en ry t u g te nyy e u n t in t gy y e ys ic e aen t d r lt ky oer ah

Student to Teacher RatioElementary SecondaryGrades K-7 Grades 8-12

Winchester City 11.3 12.1Clarke County 11.2 11.0Warren County 13.4 12.4Loudoun County 13.6 12.6Shenandoah County 10.6 13.6Fauquier County 12.1 10.8Frederick County 13.9 12.4Regional Average 12.4 12.1State Average 13.1 12.3

The student teacher ratio is calculated based on the number of classroom, homebound, media, and technology resource teachers. Librarians and guidance counselors are not included in the ratio.

30

Executive Summary

Average Class SizeThe following chart illustrates FCPS average class sizes by elementary grades K-5, middle grades 6-8, and high grades 9-12 since the fall of 2010.

Average Class Sizes 25.0

oi 24.0

t R

a

23.0

erhc 22.0

eaT o t 21.0

tend 20.0

utS 19.0

18.02010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Elementary 20.1 20.1 20.6 20.3 20.4 20.2 20.2 20.4Middle 24.3 24.4 24.3 23.5 22.5 22.1 22.6 24.5High 22.5 21.9 22.3 23.7 22.3 23.2 23.0 23.2

Changes in DebtDebt provides the resources to build new schools and renovate or expand current school buildings. These financial resources must be repaid with interest in the future. This debt commits future county funds to pay the principal and interest on school mortgages. As debt to finance school construction increases, county funds are more limited for day-to-day operating costs accounted for in the School Operating Fund.

Planning and Accounting of DebtThe Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) is the management tool used for planning the capital improvement projects needed to instruct students adequately. The School Construction Fund is used to account for the resources used for the acquisition and construction of major capital facilities. The School Construction Fund is funded primarily by the sale of bonds. Financing of these bonds—principal and interest—is accounted for under the School Debt Service Fund.

Changes in Debt ServiceMost debt service payments made by FCPS are structured over twenty years with level principal payments, thereby reducing the debt service for existing bonds annually. Significant changes in the debt service for any given fiscal year is driven by the sale of new bonds requiring additional interest and principal payments or by the retirement (pay-off) of any existing bonds. To increase debt spending, FCPS submits requests to the Frederick County Board of Supervisors who approves the amount of funds available for the construction of new schools each fiscal year.

Debt Management Policy and Existing DebtVirginia does not impose a debt limitation on Frederick County. However, Frederick County adopted key debt ratio guidelines including debt to assessed value should not exceed 0.75–1.75%. At the close of FY 2017, the county's ratio of debt to assessed value was 1.40%. Where approved justification is provided, debt for capital construction and improvements are repaid over the expected useful life of the project, and long-term debt is not used for current operations. Total existing debt prior to FY 2019 for the school division was $109.3 million.

31

Executive Summary

Future Debt and TrendsTo finance the current five-year Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) as adopted by the School Board in November 2017, $97.5 million is projected in new borrowings from bond sales and interest in years 2019 through 2021. New debt would support capital projects such as construction of the replacement Robert E. Aylor Middle School, the fourth high school, and Armel Elementary School addition. As of June 2018, the County Board of Supervisors has not approved funding for the Capital Improvement Plan.

Future students of FCPS' 12th elementary school helping at the groundbreaking ceremony in June 2018

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