January 21, 2015

Hybridization

What is hybrid?

* In biology: Hybrid, the offspring resulting from cross-breeding of different plants or animals.

A "Zeedonk", a zebra/donkey hybrid

In transportation: Hybrid electric vehicle, a car that combines a gasoline engine with electric motors. What is it in Bonding then?

Let's take a look at Carbon.

Celectron configuration

January 21, 2015

CH4

4 equal bonds How does this happen?

valence electrons

What if we only need 3 bonds?

C2H4

What if we have C2H2?

January 21, 2015

Hybridizationsp

sp2

sp3

So, in summary

Sigma and Pi Bonds

σ

π

Short and Easy Way:

For a single bond, there's one σ bond.

For a double bond, there's one σ bond & one π bond.

For a triple bond, there's one σ and two π bonds.

orbitals

Now, if you have more time and want to understand what it is all about.

1. Read your textbook!

2. Here's something to help you understand a little bit better

1s orbital 2s orbital

January 21, 2015

2p orbitals What happens when you have H2 ?

H + H to form H 2

What happens when you have H2 ?

Head On Overlap along the axis of the nucleibetween s, sp orbitals.

H _ Hone sigma bond

How do p-orbitals bond together?

Side - On Overlap between the p orbitalsabove and below the axis.

So, for a C = C double bond

one sigma and one pi bonds

Now, let's combine hybridization with the sigma and pi bonds.

January 21, 2015

Test ? Jan 28HW:

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