D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

SCATTERSPRAWLING CITIES AND TRANSPORT:

FROM EVALUATION TO RECOMMENDATIONS

SCATTER WORKSHOP

MILAN

OCTOBER 24th, 2003

Urban sprawl as experienced

in Helsinki

D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

Urban sprawl as experienced in Helsinki

Urban growth, migration and structural change

Spatial / functional structure of Helsinki Metropolitan Area

Driving forces and identified impacts Policy measures and urban sprawl

D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

URBAN GROWTH, MIGRATION

AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE

0 %

20 %

40 %

60 %

80 %

100 %

1960 1970 1980 1990 1998

Agriculture and forestry

Industry

Construction

Commerce, banks,insurance

Transport andcommunications

Services

D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

Helsinki Metropolitan Area and Surroundings

Source: Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council

150 km

50 km

100 km

D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

10 km

Shaping the spatial structure of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area in

the 1900s

D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

Language barriers

• To safeguard the status of the minority languages in the municipality.

• Dispersal elsewhere or development of a compact capital region? Helsinki

SIPOO

D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

Population and Workplaces

D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

Most important factors shaping Helsinki Metropolitan Area’s urban structure are:

• long term structural changes in the global and national economy• increase in the total population of the area• increase in household income• decrease in travel times due to the road network and public

transport services• housing market (housing prices lower in the periphery than in the

city core)• the availability of government subsidies for rural activities (tax

subsidies for commuting)• appeal of rural ambience and of low density settlements• language barriers• building law

D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

Increased need of transport

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Rural

Very small cities

Small cities

Medium size cities

Helsinki Metropolitan Area

Surrounding areas of HMA

km/passenger/day

Car

Public

Walking, cycling

Plane, ferry

1 million inhabitants

250 000 inhabitants

100 000 inhabitants

30 000 inhabitants

D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

Average trip length in Helsinki Metropolitan Area 1993 1999 (10,6 km) (12,3 km)

D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

Helsinki area now

D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

… and Helsinki area in future ?

D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

…or new construction within existing structure

D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

..or along transport corridors

D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

…or have it all!

D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003

Identified policies against urban sprawl

• Consistency between urban planning and transport policies

• Pricing policies• Establishing urban development plans that limit

construction on undeveloped sites• Enforcing a housing policy that promotes the

construction of tightly-packed residential areas• Parking limitations in city centres• Reserved rights-of-way for public transport

vehiclesImpacts of these policies?