SBRI Celebration

Professor Jeffrey D. Sachs

April 4, 2006

Severe malaria

Severe malaria

MAP OF COUNTRIES REQUIRING URGENT EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE

                                                                                                                                                                      

COUNTRIES REQUIRING URGENT EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE (Total: 27 countries)

FAO/GIEWS December 2005

THREE GREAT CHALLENGES

•Green Revolution

•Health Revolution

•Connectivity Revolution

GREEN REVOLUTION:

Seed, Soils, Water, Climate, Pathogens

FAO Index of Net Food Output per Capita, 1961-2000

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

World E SE Asia South Asia Sub-Sahara

0

0.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.5

55.5

66.5

77.5

8

Observed On-farm

OfficialOn-farm

On-station Commercialfarmers

Gra

in y

ield

(t

ha

-1)

Zambia

Tanzania

Kenya

Uganda

Ethiopia

Burkina Faso

Niger

Botswana

Zimbabwe

The Yield GapReported Grain yield levels Some observations from sub-Saharan Africa

Per Hectare Fertilizer Use by Markets 2002/03 (kg/ha)

Nutrient Mining in Agricultural Lands of Africa

1995–97 2002–04

kg/ha

HEALTH REVOLUTION:

Infectious disease control, human resources, public awareness,

logistics

Malaria Ecology Index

Sub-Saharan Africa has the Highest Prevalence

of Nine Neglected Tropical Diseases

Condition Cases in Africa Proportion of Global Burden in Africa

Hookworm 198 million 27%-34%

Ascariasis 173 million 14%-22%

Schistosomiasis 166 million 89%

Trichuriasis 162 million 20%-26%

Trachoma 33 million 40%

Lymphatic Filariasis 46 million 38%

Onchocerciasis 18 million 99%

Trypanosomiasis 0.5 million 100%

Dracunculiasis <0.1 million 100%

Geographic Overlap of Hookworm and Malaria

CONNECTIVITY REVOLUTION:

Roads, rail, ports, telecommunications, internet

A Comparison of Railway Networks in Africa and India

THE ECONOMIC STRATEGY

•Rural Sector: Millennium Villages

•Urban Sector: Millennium Cities

•Demographic Transition

Rural Sector

Community-led development

through

Millennium Villages

Millennium Research Villages

Urban Development

Promote global competitivenessin urban areas

Millennium Cities Project

Demographic Transition:

Total Fertility Rate below 3.0 by 2015

Maternal empowerment, girls’ education,Child survival, contraceptive availability,

Family planning

He

alth

Infr

a

Wa

ter

Ag

ric

Ed

uc

En

vir

$0

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

$30

Recommended

Current

Sector ODA Per African Per Annum: Recommended versus CurrentSource: OECD DAC, 2003

Note: ODA net of Technical Cooperation

U.S. Budget Spending

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Budget Category

$ B

illio

ns

Aid to Africa

Pentagon Spending

Science for the Poor:

•Financial model•Access•Ecological Specificity: health,agriculture, environment, energy

The 90/10 Challenge

SBRI

THANK YOU !