SAVE YOUR CHILD FROM UNICEF

7/23/2019 SAVE YOUR CHILD FROM UNICEF

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]BQD WITV MLGKH AVI@ TNGMDA

B stuhy ia TNGMDAs fgbsdh bnh abksd mkbg`s bfiut Gnhgbn pbrdnts

Fy ]urbnyb Bgybr


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Bfiut tld Butlir? ]urbnyb Bgybr gs b 82 ydbr-ikh Gnhgbn liusdwgad. ]ld lbs twi mlgkhrdn,

bcdh 1 bnh = ydbrs. Ldr lusfbnh gs b mirpirbtd kbwydr. Fdaird qugttgnc ldr mbrddr ti tbed mbrd

ia ldr mlgkhrdn, ]urbnyb Bgybr wbs b kbwydr. ]ld stbrtdh ldr prbmtgmd gn 277< bs b kgtgcbtir gntld Hdklg Lgcl Miurt bnh ]uprd`d Miurt. Gn tld ydbr 6::8, sld slgatdh ti mirpirbtd kbw,

oigngnc tld agr` O. ]bcbr Bssimgbtds. ]ld wbs b pbrtndr bt O. ]bcbr Bssimgbtds ia tlrdd ydbrs

stbnhgnc wldn sld kdat gn 6:2: ti fdmi`d b stby bt li`d `itldr. ]urbnyb Bgybr wbs

dhumbtdh gn Gnhgb, Dnckbnh bnh B`drgmb. ]ld iftbgndh b FB Liniurs hdcrdd gn @btld`btgms

ari` ]t ]tdpldns Mikkdcd, Hdklg Tngvdrsgty gn ydbr 2774. Gn 2773, sld iftbgndh b FB

Liniurs hdcrdd gn kbw ari` Ixairh Tngvdrsgty, Dnckbnh, wldrd sld stuhgdh in b

Vbhlbergslnbn ]mlikbrslgp. ]ld mi`pkdtdh ldr stuhgds gn 277


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XBFKD IA MINXDNX]

]. Ni. Hdsmrgptgin Zbcd Ni.

2. Zbrt G?Gntrihumtgin 2

6. Zbrt GG?Fbsgm ]tbtgstgmbk Drrirs 8

=. Zbrt GGG?Zlysgmbk Bfusd? Fgbs, Dxbccdrbtgin bnh Vgccdh

]tbtgstgms

7

8. Zbrt GQ?]dxubk Bfusd? Fgbs, Hgstirtgin bnh Vgccdh]tbtgstgms

66

4. Zbrt Q?Fgbs bnh Kgds in D`itginbk Bfusd bnh Cgrk Mlgkh

Ndckdmt

=1

1. Zbrt QG?@gskdbhgnc Zbrdnts bnh @bngpukbtgnc Mlgkhrdn 8:

3. Zbrt QGG?Minmkusgin 86


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Zlgkbntlripgm pdipkd kisd bkk sdnsd ia lu`bngty.

Gt gs tldgr hgstgncugslgnc mlbrbmtdrgstgm.

Ismbr Sgkhd


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- 2 -

ZBVX G

GNXVIHTMXGIN

Gn tld ydbr 6::3, tld @gngstry ia Si`dn bnh Mlgkh Hdvdkip`dnt pufkgsldh b rdpirt mbkkdh

]tuhy in Mlgkh Bfusd? Gnhgb 6::3 (Vdpirt).2

Xld Vdpirt wbs pufkgsldh wgtl tldgnvikvd`dnt bnh suppirt ia b nu`fdr ia nin-civdrn`dntbk ircbngsbtgins (NCIs) bnh

si`d `dntbk ldbktl minsuktbnts, kdh fy tld Tngtdh Nbtgins Gntdrnbtginbk Mlgkhrdns

D`drcdnmy Aunh (TNGMDA), ]bvd tld Mlgkhrdn bnh bn Gnhgbn NCI mbkkdh Zrbybs.

Xld kicis ia TNGMDA, ]bvd tld Mlgkhrdn bnh Zrbybs brd stb`pdh in tld Vdpirt. Xldgr

iaagmgbks brd nb`dh bs pbrt ia gts rdsdbrml tdb`.

Bs gs wdkk eniwn, TNGMDA gs bn gntdrnbtginbk Tngtdh Nbtgins bcdnmy bnh ]bvd tld Mlgkhrdn,

gs bn gntdrnbtginbk NCI.

Zisgtgin ia TNGMDA-]bvd tld Mlgkhrdn in mlgkh pikgmy

TNGMDA bnh ]bvd tld Mlgkhrdn bhvimbtd bn bppribml ti mlgkh wdkabrd wldrdfy tld wdkabrd

ia tld mlgkh gs arb`dh bs b qudstgin ia tld kdcbk bnh lu`bn rgclts ia tld mlgkh5 rgclts tlbt gt

mbn mkbg` hgrdmtky ari` tld Civdrn`dnt. Xld ghdb gs tlbt mlgkhrdn sliukh fd dnbfkdh ti spdbe

air tld`sdkvds.

B edy tdndt ia tlgs bppribml ti mlgkh wdkabrd gs tlbt gn simgdtgds wldrd mlgkhrdn brd sddn bs tld

sikd ir prg`bry rdspinsgfgkgty ia tld ab`gky, tldgr vigmd gs supprdssdh fy butlirgtbrgbn pbrdnts

wli hi nit sdd tld` bs gnhgvghubks gn tldgr iwn rgclt.

B edy strbtdcy ia TNGMDA, ]bvd tld Mlgkhrdn bnh bkkgdh mlgkh rgclts fihgds gn pripbcbtgnc

tlgs vgsgin ia mlgkh wdkabrd, gs ti mkbg` tlbt ab`gkgds brd wghdky bfusgvd ia mlgkhrdn? sdxubkky,

d`itginbkky bnh plysgmbkky. In tlgs fbsgs, tld brcu`dnt cids, tldrd gs urcdnt ndmdssgty ti put

gn pkbmd civdrn`dntbk gnstgtutgins bnh primdssds tlbt wgkk bkkiw mlgkhrdn ti dsmbpd tld ab`gky,

bnh bkkiw tld Civdrn`dnt ti supdrsdhd tld ab`gky gn dnbfkgnc mlgkhrdn ti hi si. Xldsd

Civdrn`dnt gnstgtutgins bnh primdssds brd cgvdn tld nb`d mlgkh pritdmtgin.

Gn tld wirkh ia mlgkh rgclts, tldrdaird, mlgkhpritdmtgin gs b tdr` ia brt, b tdmlngmbk tdr` air

b mdrtbgn typd ia civdrn`dntbk `bmlgndry d`piwdrdh ti supdrsdhd tld ab`gky gn tbegnc

hdmgsgins bnh bmtgins bfiut mlgkhrdn.

Sly wd lbvd `bhd b stuhy ia tld 6::3 Vdpirt

Air rdbsins hgsmussdh gn tld fihy ia iur pbpdr, wd fdkgdvd tlbt tld @gngstry ia Si`dn bnh

Mlgkh Hdvdkip`dnt, bnh ldnmd tld Civdrn`dnt ia Gnhgb, lbs dnhirsdh bnh bhiptdh tld

TNGMDA-]bvd tld Mlgkhrdn vdrsgin ia mlgkh pritdmtgin. Bktliucl tldgr spdmgagm

rdmi``dnhbtgins in mlgkh pritdmtgin brd ydt ti fd aukky g`pkd`dntdh fy tld Civdrn`dnt,

2Xld Vdpirt gs bvbgkbfkd in tld gntdrndt bt?lttp?//wmh.ngm.gn/mlgkhbfusd.pha.
http://wcd.nic.in/childabuse.pdfhttp://wcd.nic.in/childabuse.pdfhttp://wcd.nic.in/childabuse.pdfhttp://wcd.nic.in/childabuse.pdf


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- 6 -

`bny stdps lbvd fddn tbedn ti kby hiwn tld gnstgtutginbk gnarbstrumturd bnh kdcbk privgsgins

air gt.6

Xld Vdpirt hgsmussdh gn tlgs pbpdr spbns tld dntgrd TNGMDA-]bvd tld Mlgkhrdn arb`dwire ia

mlgkh pritdmtgin? hdbkgnc wgtl plysgmbk bfusd, sdxubk bfusd, dìtginbk bfusd, tld mbsd air

pikgmd bnh Civdrn`dnt gntdrvdntgin, bnh tld rdbsins wly tld ab`gky abgks ti pritdmt mlgkhrdn,

bnh gn ìst mbsds pdrpdtrbtds bnh bfdts, mlgkh bfusd.

Xld Vdpirt gs b aiunhbtginbk himu`dnt ia tld @gngstry ia Si`dn bnh Mlgkh Hdvdkip`dnt. Gt

wbs ind ia tld agrst priodmts ti fd unhdrtbedn wldn tlgs @gngstry wbs air`dh gn tld ydbr

6::1, fy tbegnc tld Hdpbrt`dnt ia Si`dn bnh Mlgkh Hdvdkip`dnt iut ia tld purvgdw ia tld

@gngstry ia Lu`bn Vdsiurmds, ti fd minstgtutdh gnti b @gngstry gn gts iwn rgclt.

Bt tlgs pignt gn tg`d, tld ndwky air`dh @gngstry wbs kiiegnc air b arb`dwire, ir b fbsgm

vgsgin, in wlgml ti hdagnd gtsdka, bnh sdt tld bcdnhb air wi`dn bnh mlgkhrdn gn Gnhgb. Xld

Vdpirt kbys hiwn si`d ia tld fbsgm minmdpts fbsdh in wlgml tld @gngstry lbs sgnmd hdvgsdhpikgmgds bnh succdstdh kbws rdcbrhgnc mlgkhrdn.=

Bs wd wgkk sdd gn tld pbpdr, tld fbsgm pisgtgin ia tld Vdpirt gs tlbt tld mlgkhrdn ia Gnhgb

urcdntky rdqugrd pritdmtgin bnh rgclts bcbgnst bhukt `d`fdrs ia simgdty, gn pbrtgmukbr tldgr

pbrdnts, tdbmldrs bnh `d`fdrs ia tldgr mi`ùngty. Xld Vdpirt brcuds tlbt civdrn`dntbk

gntdrvdntgin gs rdqugrdh fdmbusd Gnhgbn ab`gkgds brd pbtrgbrmlbk, vgikdnt, stgakd tld vigmd ia

mlgkhrdn, kdbvd mlgkhrdn vukndrbfkd ti sdxubk bfusd, bnh brd listgkd, ndckdmtauk bnh

hgsmrg`gnbtiry ia tld cgrk mlgkh. Gn tlgs `bnndr, bmmirhgnc ti tld Vdpirt, tld rgclts ia Gnhgbn

mlgkhrdn brd fdgnc vgikbtdh, bnh tld sbadty ia Gnhgbn mlgkhrdn gs fdgnc mi`pri`gsdh.

Xld lbrsl minhd`nbtgin ia Gnhgbn ab`gky bnh simgdty gs oustgagdh gn tld Vdpirt fy mkbg`gnc

tlbt tldrd brd bkbr`gncky lgcl rbtds ia bfusd ia mlgkhrdn gn Gnhgb, wgtl bkìst dvdry itldr

mlgkh suaadrgnc si`d air` ia bfusd, tld `boirgty ia wlgml gs pdrpdtrbtdh fy ab`gky `d`fdrs.

Xlgs gs, iamiursd, ia b pgdmd wgtl tld edy tdndts bnh strbtdcy, `dntgindh bfivd, ia tld

TNGMDA-]bvd tld Mlgkhrdn bppribml ti bnh bhvimbmy ia mlgkh pritdmtgin.

Gn tlgs pbpdr wd wgkk bttd`pt ti hdìnstrbtd liw tld lgcl rbtds ia mlgkh bfusd mkbg`dh fy tld

Vdpirt wdrd rgccdh fy `bngpukbtgnc stbtgstgms bnh dxbccdrbtgnc tld rdspinsds ia rdspinhdnts

survdydh air tld Vdpirt.

Sd bnbkysd tld Vdpirt bs bn dxb`pkd ia dvdrytlgnc tlbt gs hdfbtbfkd, `gsrdprdsdntdh bnh

fkbtbntky abksd gn tld TNGMDA-]bvd tld Mlgkhrdn prdsdntbtgin ia tld stbtd ia Gnhgbn mlgkhrdn,

6]i`d ia tldsd brd hgsmussdh gn Zbrt QGG ia tlgs pbpdr.

=Xld Vdpirt sbys bt pbcd 6: tlbt? Xld stuhy lbs fddn bfkd ti tlriw kgclt in `bny g`pirtbnt agnhgncs tlbt wgkk

sdrvd bs tld fdnml`bre bnh suppirt tld Civdrn`dnt ti airùkbtd kdcgskbtgins, pikgmgds bnh smld`ds air mlgkh

pritdmtgin. Gn gts agnbk mlbptdr, Minmkusgins bnh Vdmi``dnhbtgins, tld Vdpirt sbys (pbcd 262) tlbt tld

purpisd ia tld stuhy wbs ti dstbfkgsl tlbt mlgkh bfusd dxgsts bnh bksi ti privghd tld gnair`btgin fbsd tlbt wgkk

ldkp civdrn`dnt ti airùkbtd, kdcgskbtgin, smld`ds bnh gntdrvdntgins ti hdbk wgtl tld prifkd`.


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bnh tldgr succdstdh sikutgin gn tld air` ia Sdstdrn-stykd mlgkh pritdmtgin, wlgml tld

Civdrn`dnt lbs bppbrdntky dnhirsdh.

Sd gntdnh ti tbed iut b sdrgds ia pbpdrs ti dncbcd pdipkd, dspdmgbkky irhgnbry pdipkd wgtl

mlgkhrdn bnh ab`gkgds ti mbrd air, in tld gssud ia Civdrn`dntbk gntdradrdnmd gn tld rbgsgnc ia

mlgkhrdn, dccdh in fy rbmgst bnh bntg-ab`gky gntdrnbtginbk NCIs. Xlgs pbpdr gs iur agrst stdp gn

tlbt hgrdmtgin.


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- 8 -

ZBVX GG

FB]GM ]XBXG]XGMBK DVVIV]

Gn tlgs pbrt ia iur pbpdr wd hgsmuss drrirs gn tld stbtgstgmbk `dtlihs bnh minsdqudnt akbws gn

tld hbtb cbtldrdh air tld Vdpirt. Fribhky, tldsd gnvikvdh tld gnmirrdmt usd ia purpisgvdsb`pkgnc ti `bed nbtgin-wghd mkbg`s, unsystd`btgm bnh brfgtrbry mligmd ia rdspinhdnts, bnh

b abgkurd ti bmmiunt air bh`gttdh drrirs bnh akbws gn tld qubkgty ia hbtb iftbgndh.

@gsusd ia Zurpisgvd ]b`pkgnc

Xld Vdpirt gs fbsdh in b survdy ia 23,66: rdspinhdnts ia wlgml 26,883 wdrd mlgkhrdn ia bcds

4 ti (unhdr) 2< ydbrs5 6=68 wdrd yiunc bhukts ia bcds 2< ti 68 ydbrs bnh 6887 wdrd si-mbkkdh

stbedlikhdrs (gnmkuhgnc tdbmldrs bnh NCI wiredrs). Xld Vdpirt stbtds tlbt b `dtlih

eniwn bs purpisgvd sb`pkgnc wbs usdh air ghdntgaygnc rdspinhdnts air tld survdy.8

Air tld ungngtgbtdh, purpisgvd sb`pkgnc, bksi eniwn bs nin-prifbfgkgty sb`pkgnc, gs nit b

sb`pkgnc `dtlih usdh ti `bed cdndrbkgsbtgins ir prdhgmt prifbfgkgtgds ia fdlbvgiur air bn

dntgrd pipukbtgin fbsdh in tld sb`pkd, fut ti ifsdrvd pbttdrns gn b s`bkk, wdkk-hdagndh mkbss

ia pdrsins. Air rdsdbrml qudstgins spbnngnc bn dntgrd nbtgin ir sufmintgndnt (suml bs Gnhgb),

purpisgvd sb`pkgnc mbn bt fdst fd usdh air prdkg`gnbry stuhgds ti dnbfkd tld rdsdbrmldr ti

fdttdr hdsgcn lgs rdsdbrml, ir brtgmukbtd tld typds ia qudstgins ld nddhs ti bse ti tdst lgs

lypitldsgs.

Fut gn tld Vdpirt, hbtb cbtldrdh ari` purpisgvd sb`pkgnc ia 23,66: rdspinhdnts gs bppkgdh ti

tld dntgrd pipukbtgin ia Gnhgb, gnmkuhgnc 88 mrird Gnhgbn mlgkhrdn bnh tldgr ab`gkgds.

Xld mlgkh rdspinhdnts wdrd suf-hgvghdh gnti agvd suf-criups criups ia fdtwddn bfiut 66::

bnh bfiut =2:: gn sgzd. @uml ia tld hbtb tlbt gs bppkgdh ti tld wlikd miuntry gs tbedn ari`

tldsd s`bkk suf-criups, bnh nit dvdn ari` tld ivdrbkk sb`pkd ia mlgkhrdn pbrtgmgpbtgnc gn tld

survdy.

Abgkurd ti mirrifirbtd agnhgncs

]gnmd ti b mdrtbgn dxtdnt, bkk rdsdbrml, dvdn tlbt usgnc nin-prifbfgkgty sb`pkgnc, `beds si`d

cdndrbkgsbtgins bfiut tld criup unhdr stuhy, dvdn wldn purpisgvd sb`pkgnc gs usdh, tld

minvdntgin gs air tld rdsdbrmldr ti bppky b mi`fgnbtgin ia nin-prifbfgkgty sb`pkgnc `dtlihs

bnh itldr vdrgagmbtgin primdhurds, ti cdt mirrifirbtgin air ldr agnhgncs. Liwdvdr, ni suml

stdps wdrd mbrrgdh iut fy tld butlirs ia tld Vdpirt.4Xld Vdpirt `drdky quitds gn suppirt ia b

adw ia gts agnhgncs, b miupkd ia mlgkh bfusd stuhgds tlbt wdrd mbrrgdh iut in criups ia mlgkhrdn

ti wlgml tld rdspinhdnts survdydh air tld Vdpirt fird ni rdsd`fkbnmd, dxmdpt tlbt tldy wdrd

mlgkhrdn.

8

Zbcd 24 ia tld Vdpirt? B `uktg-stbcd purpisgvd sb`pkgnc hdsgcn wbs bhiptdh air tld stuhy .4Zbcd 6: ia tld Vdpirt? Xld kbme ia mi`prdldnsgvd rdsdbrml stuhgds in hgaadrdnt air`s ia bfusd `bhd tld

mirrifirbtgvd bnbkysgs hgaagmukt.


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Brfgtrbry bnh unsystd`btgm sdkdmtgin ia rdspinhdnts

Xld sdkdmtgin ia rdspinhdnts air tld Vdpirts survdy wbs brfgtrbry bnh unsystd`btgm. Bs wd

wgkk sdd fdkiw, vdry kgttkd, ga bny, tliuclt bppdbrs ti lbvd fddn cgvdn tiwbrhs hdvdkipgnc brbtginbkd air tld sdkdmtgin ia rdspinhdnts.

Fdaird stbrtgnc tld survdy, b tbrcdt ia 2


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kiwdr nu`fdrs ia mlgkhrdn in tld strddts ir bt wire ti td`pdr ir tdst tlgs bssu`ptgin bfiut

bfusd rbtds bìnc suml mlgkhrdn.

Fkimes wgtlgn hgstrgmts wdrd ghdntgagdh fbsdh b mi`pbrgsin ia kgtdrbmy qubrtgkds ind fkime

wbs sdkdmtdh ari` tld uppdr qubrtgkd, bnh tld sdminh ari` tld kiwdr qubrtgkd. Agaty mlgkhrdn

wdrd sdkdmtdh ari` dbml fkime. Xld Vdpirt cgvds ni dxpkbnbtgin air kiiegnc bt tlgs pbrtgmukbr

nu`fdr ia mlgkhrdn. ]i wd brd kdat gn tld hbre bs ti wly agaty, bnh nit bny itldr nu`fdr ia

mlgkhrdn, wdrd sdkdmtdh pdr fkime.

Xld mlgkh rdspinhdnts wdrd hgvghdh gnti agvd si-mbkkdh dvghdnmd criups? mlgkhrdn gn ab`gky

dnvgrin`dnt nit bttdnhgnc smliik5 mlgkhrdn gn smliiks5 mlgkhrdn gn gnstgtutginbk mbrd5 wiregnc

mlgkhrdn5 bnh strddt mlgkhrdn. Fut `bny ia tld mlgkhrdn gn smliiks wdrd bksi mlgkhrdn wgtl

ab`gkgds. ]g`gkbrky air wiregnc mlgkhrdn bnh strddt mlgkhrdn. ]i`d ia tld strddt bnh wiregnc

mlgkhrdn `by bksi lbvd fddn bttdnhgnc smliik. Xld Vdpirt hids nit mkbrgay tlgs bspdmt. ]i tld

hgvgsgin gnti dvghdnmd criups bksi sdd`s ti lbvd fddn brfgtrbry.

Xld Vdpirt mkbg`s tlbt tld sdkdmtgin ia mlgkh rdspinhdnts air dbml dvghdnmd criup wbs bs

rdprdsdntbtgvd bs pissgfkd.26Fut tldrd gs nitlgnc gn tld sb`pkgnc `dtlihs ti sliw liw, bnh

ia wlbt, dbml dvghdnmd criup wbs rdprdsdntbtgvd.

Mlgkhrdn gn gnstgtutgins brd sbgh ti lbvd fddn ghdntgagdh in tld fbsgs ia civdrn`dnt rdmirhs

bnh wgtl tld ldkp ia NCIs. 2=Ni dxpkbnbtgin gs cgvdn air tldsd mbtdcirgds ia sdkdmtirs ir

tldsd `dtlihs ia sdkdmtgin. ]mliiks brd sbgh ti lbvd fddn sdkdmtdh tlriucl purpisgvd

sb`pkgnc, b nin-prifbfgkgty sb`pkgnc `dtlih tlbt gs, bs dxpkbgndh bfivd, nit usdh ti `bed

cdndrbkgsdh mkbg`s bfiut bn dntgrd pipukbtgin.28 Mlgkh rdspinhdnts air tld dvghdnmd criup

mlgkhrdn gn ab`gky dnvgrin`dnt nit bttdnhgnc smliik brd stbtdh gn tld Vdpirt ti lbvd fddn

sdkdmtdh fy quitb sb`pkgnc, bcbgn b nin-prifbfgkgty sb`pkgnc `dtlih. Ruitb sb`pkgnc

gnvikvds suf-hgvgsgin ia tld pipukbtgin unhdr stuhy gnti ùtubkky dxmkusgvd suf-criups, bnh b

sdkdmtgin ia mbnhghbtds gn pripirtgin ti mdrtbgn mlisdn mlbrbmtdrgstgms (air dxb`pkd, rdkgcgin)

gn tld pipukbtgin. Fut ni suml stdps brd rdpirtdh ldrd.

Xld Vdpirt bksi survdydh yiunc bhukts ia tld bcds 2< ti 68 ydbrs bfiut tldgr mlgkhliih bnh

tiie tld vgdws ia si-mbkkdh stbedlikhdrs in mlgkh bfusd. Bcbgn, tld mligmd ia rdspinhdnts gn

tldsd mbtdcirgds wbs brfgtrbry, fitl bs ti nu`fdr bnh typd. Bpbrt ari` tldgr bcd, tld inky

hdsmrgptgin ia tld Wiunc Bhukts gs tlbt tldy wdrd dncbcdh gn wire gn tld civdrn`dnt bnhprgvbtd sdmtir, bcrgmukturbk sdmtir, fusgndss dtm.24 Xld stbedlikhdrs sdkdmtdh brd kgstdh bs

pdipkd tlbt ldkh pisgtgins gn civdrn`dnt hdpbrt`dnts, prgvbtd sdrvgmd, urfbn bnh rurbk kimbk

fihgds bnh gnhgvghubks ari` tld mi`ùngty.21

26Zbcd 24 ia tld Vdpirt.

2=Zbcd 21 ia tld Vdpirt.

28

Zbcd 24 ia tld Vdpirt.24]dd pbcd 21 ia tld Vdpirt.

21]dd pbcd 21 ia tld Vdpirt.


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- 3 -

Brfgtrbry vbrgbtgin gn sgzd ia hgaadrdnt mkbssds ia mlgkh rdspinhdnts

Xld nu`fdr ia mlgkh rdspinhdnts vbrgdh brfgtrbrgky ari` ind dvghdnmd criup ti tld itldr.23

Xld dvghdnmd criups brd sbgh ti fd ia abgrky dqugtbfkd sb`pkd sgzd2


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Xld bcdnmgds, suf-bcdnmgds bnh nbtginbk kdvdk mi``gttdd air`dh ti ivdrsdd bnh mi-irhgnbtd

hbtb mikkdmtgin bt dbml kdvdk, wdrd bkk bppigntdh fy tld Civdrn`dnt gtsdka, gn bkk kgedkgliih

bmtgnc in tld bhvgmd ia tld NCIs wli pbrtndrdh gt gn prdpbrgnc tld Vdpirt. ]i tldrd wbs ni

bttd`pt bt dnsurgnc gnhdpdnhdnmd gn tld hbtb cbtldrgnc dgtldr.

Xld strbncd mbsd ia Cib

Gn tld ]tbtd-wgsd bnbkysgs ia sdvdrd sdxubk bfusd ia mlgkhrdn, tld Vdpirt sbys tld kiwdst rbtd

wbs rdmirhdh gn Cib.6= Xld Vdpirt sbys tlbt tlgs hids nit squbrd wgtl tld mi`ìn

unhdrstbnhgnc ia tld sgtubtgin gn Cib.

Sd brd unbfkd ti unhdrstbnh tlgs stbtd`dntwlbt gs tld mi`ìn unhdrstbnhgncia Cib ti

wlgml tld Vdpirt rdadrs9 Sd brd bwbrd tlbt tldrd gs b cdndrbk ghdb tlbt Cib lbs b prifkd`

wgtl sufstbnmd bfusd fy tld yiunc bnh bttrbmts pbdhiplgkd sdx tiurgs`. Gs tld Vdpirt

dnhirsgnc tlgs unhdrstbnhgnc ia Cib9 Ga gt gs, tldn wly hgh gt nit `bed aurtldr bnh fdttdr

dnqugrgds, pbrtgmukbrky sgnmd tlgs wbs b rdpirt bfiut mlgkh bfusd9 Ga tld Vdpirt hids nitdnhirsd tlgs unhdrstbnhgnc ia tld sgtubtgin gn Cib, tldn wly hids gt `bed b rdadrdnmd ti gt9

Xld Vdpirt bksi sbys tlbt tld nu`fdr ia rdspinhdnts gnmkuhdh gn tld survdy ari` Cib wbs

ùml s`bkkdr tlbn ari` itldr ]tbtds. Xlgs sliukh lbvd pri`ptdh si`d rdhdsgcn ia tld

rdsdbrml, ir bt kdbst dxmkusgin ia tld hbtb ari` Cib. Fut tld Vdpirt gnmkuhds tld Cib hbtb

wgtliut bny bhoust`dnt, `drdky stbtgnc tlbt? hbtb mikkdmtgin gn Cib fdcbn kbtd bnh tldrd wdrd

hgaagmuktgds gn tld primdss.68

Bh`gttdh hdadmts gn hbtb cbtldrgnc

]i`d ia tld hdadmts gn hbtb cbtldrgnc brd nitdh gn tld Vdpirt gtsdka. Bt tld dnh ia tld mlbptdr

in Vdsdbrml @dtlihikicy gt gs stbtdh tlbt tld hbtb lbh g`purgtgds5 tlbt tld butlirs ia tld

Vdpirt wdrd nit bfkd ti `bgntbgn b ungair` stbnhbrh ia hbtb mikkdmtgin bnh qubkgty mintrik 5

bnh tlbt tldy wdrd unbfkd ti hi mirrifirbtgvd bnbkysgs.64

Fut surdky tlgs bppbrdnt hgsmkbg`dr gs rbtldr hgsgncdnuius. Dgtldr tld hbtb cbtldrdh gs rdkgbfkd,

ir gt gs nit. Ga tldrd brd hdadmts gn tld hbtb cbtldrgnc, tldn tld Vdpirt lbs ti stbtd liw tld

bnbkysgs lbs fddn bhoustdh ti `gtgcbtd tldsd hdadmts.

6=

Zbcd 31 ia tld Vdpirt.68Zbcd 2< ia tld Vdpirt.

64Zbcd 6: ia tld Vdpirt.


13/56

- 7 -

ZBVX GGG

ZLW]GMBK BFT]D? FGB], D\BCCDVBXGIN BNH VGCCDH ]XBXG]XGM]

Gn tlgs pbrt ia iur pbpdr, wd bnbkysd tld mkbg`s gn tld Vdpirt bfiut plysgmbk bfusd ia mlgkhrdn

gn tld ab`gky. Xld Vdpirt bksi mivdrs plysgmbk bfusd ia mlgkhrdn gn smliiks bnh bfusd iawiregnc-, strddt- bnh gnstgtutginbkgsdh mlgkhrdn. Fut wd aimus in tld mkbg`s bfiut bfusd fy

ab`gky `d`fdrs, bs tld `ist gnsgstdnt mkbg` ia tld Vdpirt gs tlbt Gnhgbn ab`gkgds brd

gnldrdntky vgikdnt tiwbrhs mlgkhrdn.

@gsbppkgmbtgin ia stbtgstgmbk prgnmgpkds bnh piir qubkgty ia hbtb

]gnmd tld hbtb unhdrkygnc tld Vdpirt wbs iftbgndh tlriucl purpisgvd bnh itldr nin-

prifbfgkgty sb`pkgnc, air tld rdbsins hgsmussdh gn Zbrt GG, gt wbs wrinc ti bppky gts agnhgncs ti

tld cdndrbk pipukbtgin ia mlgkhrdn gn Gnhgb. ]i, air dxb`pkd, tld Vdpirt gs nit oustgagdh gn

`begnc tld mkbg` tlbt twi iut ia dvdry tlrdd mlgkhrdn gn Gnhgb brd plysgmbkky bfusdhfbsdh in gts agnhgnc tlbt bfiut 17%61ia tld mlgkh rdspinhdnts gn tld survdy wdrd rdpirtdh ti

lbvd fddn plysgmbkky bfusdh.63

Xlgs rdstbtd`dnt ia b agnhgnc ia 17% bfusd bs twi gn dvdry tlrdd mlgkhrdn fdgnc bfusdh gs gn

ia gtsdka b stbtgstgmbk `gsrdprdsdntbtgin. ]uml b stbtd`dnt purpirts ti dxprdss tld `bnndr gn

wlgml b pldni`dnin gs hgstrgfutdh gn b pipukbtgin. Fut tld pdrmdntbcd rbtd ia b

pldni`dnin gs nit tld sb`d bs gts hgstrgfutgin. Mdrtbgnky, yiu mbnnit bssu`d tlbt b

pldni`dnin gs ungair`ky hgstrgfutdh fbsdh in gts rbtd ia immurrdnmd. Ga rbnhi` sb`pkgnc gs

usdh, tldn yiu `by fd bfkd ti `bed suml b mkbg`, bkwbys sufodmt ti stbtdh kg`gtbtgins bnh

`brcgns ia drrir. Fut, bs bkrdbhy hgsmussdh, rbnhi` sb`pkgnc wbs nit usdh gn tld hbtbcbtldrgnc air tld survdy.

Xi put gt vdry sg`pky, ga yiu brd kiiegnc bt 2: ab`gkgds wgtl, sby, twi mlgkhrdn dbml, b agnhgnc

tlbt agaty pdrmdnt ia tld mlgkhrdn kivd mlimikbtd hids nit `dbn tlbt ind mlgkh ia dvdry twi yiu

kiie bt gn tld sb`pkd wgkk turn iut ti kivd mlimikbtd. Ga yiu rbnhi`ky pgme mlgkhrdn gn twis

ari` tld sb`pkd, si`d twi `by fitl rdpirt hgskgegnc mlimikbtd, bnh si`d twi `by fitl

rdpirt kivgnc gt. Gt gs g`pirtbnt ti fdbr tlgs pignt bfiut hgstrgfutgin gn `gnh, fdmbusd g`pkygnc

tlbt b lirrgfkd bmt kged mlgkh bfusd gs ungair`ky aiunh gn b pipukbtgin mi`piunhs tld

bmmusbtgin. Gt g`pkgds b sgtubtgin wldrd prbmtgmbkky dvdry ab`gky lbs btkdbst ind bfusdh mlgkh.

Gt g`pkgds, nit oust tld dxgstdnmd ia mlgkh bfusd, wlgml ni ind wiukh hdny, fut ia b nbtgin ia

bfusdrs.

Gt `gclt fd sbgh tlbt wgtl b lgcl rbtd ia 17% plysgmbk bfusd fdgnc rdpirtdh, tld abmt tlbt tld

gnmghdnmd ia bfusd `by nit fd ungair`ky hgstrgfutdh gs nit ia `uml sgcngagmbnmd. Fut, bs gt

d`drcds fdkiw, tlgs rbtd gtsdka, bkinc wgtl bkk tld itldr pdrmdntbcds bnh rbtgis mkbg`dh gn tld

Vdpirt, brd lgclky suspdmt.

61

Xld dxbmt agcurd gs 1


14/56

- 2: -

@gsrdprdsdntbtgin bnh dxbccdrbtgin ia iwn hbtb

Xld hbtb cbtldrgnc air tld Vdpirt wbs unsystd`btgm, brfgtrbry bnh unsmgdntgagm. Xld rdbsins

air tlgs brd dxpkbgndh gn hdtbgk gn Zbrt GG, bnh brd nit rdpdbtdh ldrd. Fut tld prifkd` gn tld

Vdpirt gs nit oust tld abgkurd ti bppky tld pripdr stbtgstgmbk primdhurds. Dvdn gcnirgnc tld

Vdpirts abgkurd ti cbtldr mrdhgfkd hbtb, tld Vdpirt `gsrdprdsdnts gts iwn hbtb bnh

dxbccdrbtds gts agnhgncs gn b nu`fdr ia wbys.

Ivdrfribh hdagngtgin ia plysgmbk bfusd

Xld agrst gs fy usgnc bkbr`gst kbncubcd suml bs bfusd. Mlgkh bfusd gn tld mi`ìn

unhdrstbnhgnc rdadrs ti b sgtubtgin wldrd tld pdrpdtrbtir gs bn bhukt pdrsinbkky eniwn bnh

trustdh fy tld mlgkh. Ldnmd tld tdr` bfusd, rbtldr tlbn b ìrd cdndrbk tdr` su ml bs

vgikdnmd ir bssbukt.

Xi sby tlbt tld ivdrwldk`gnc `boirgty ia mlgkhrdn gn Gnhgb brd plysgmbkky bfusdh minvdysbn g`prdssgin bfiut wlbt lbppdns ti Gnhgbn mlgkhrdn, nit gn tld pufkgm spldrd ir gn tldgr

gntdrbmtgin wgtl pkby`btds, strbncdrs ir pikgmd iaagmdrs, fut gn tldgr pdrsinbk, dvdryhby kgad, gn

tldgr li`ds, smliiks bnh mi`ùngtgds. Gt minvdys bn g`prdssgin ia bccrdssgin bnh vgikdnmd

pdrpdtrbtdh, nit fy pkby`btds ir sgfkgncs,fut fy tld mlgkhs bhukt mustihgbns. Bfivd bkk, sgnmd

bfusd gs cdndrbkky unhdrstiih bs rdadrrgnc ti tlgncs lbppdngnc gn b mlgkhs ab`gky, gt gs b

hgrdmt bmmusbtgin kdvdkkdh bt Gnhgbn pbrdnts.

]i tld agrst `bngpukbtgin gn tld Vdpirt gs ti usd tld dxprdssgin plysgmbk bfusd air gnstbnmds

wldrd tld pdrpdtrbtir gs nit bn bhukt eniwn ti tld mlgkh, fut bnitldr mlgkh, suml bs b

pkby`btd ir sgfkgnc5 ir b strbncdr, suml bs b pikgmd`bn.

Fukkygnc fy pddrs bnh pikgmd btrimgtgds brd rdbsinbfky b minmdrn air bnyind kiiegnc bt tld

wdkk-fdgnc ia mlgkhrdn. Fut, cgvdn tld cdndrbk unhdrstbnhgnc ia tld tdr` mlgkh bfusd bs

bppkygnc ti wlbt gs hind ti b mlgkh fy gts bhukt gntg`btds, gt gs fkbtbntky `gskdbhgnc ti mkuf

pddr fukkygnc bnh pikgmd btrimgtgds wgtl pbrdntbk ir smliik bfusd. Xld kbst tlgnc in tld `gnh

ia bnyind rdbhgnc b rdpirt sbygnc tlbt twi iut ia dvdry tlrdd Gnhgbn mlgkhrdn brd plysgmbkky

bfusdh, gs tlbt tld pdrpdtrbtir ia tld bfusd wbs b mkbss adkkiw, strbncdr ir pikgmd iaagmdr.

Xld dxbccdrbtgin fdmi`ds dvdn ìrd bppbrdnt wldn yiu rdbkgsd tlbt tld si-mbkkdh plysgmbk

bfusd ia tld Vdpirt gnmkuhds, nit oust sdvdrd fdbtgnc ir mbusgnc gnoury, fut puslgnc,skbps bnh fdbtgnc wgtl b stbvd6


15/56

- 22 -

bmts ari` skbppgnc, ti hgsmgpkgngnc fy mirpirbk pungsl`dnt, ti gnoury-mbusgnc bssbukts, gn

wlgml (bs wd wgkk ifsdrvd kbtdr) tld kbrcdst pripirtgin ia si-mbkkdh bfusd gs skbppgnc.

Hbtb gsrdprdsdntdh ti pirtrby Gnhgbn pbrdnts bs lgclky plysgmbkky bfusgvd

Xld Vdpirt pbgnts b pgmturd ia hddp ipprdssgin, firhdrgnc in lbtrdh, ia Gnhgbn ab`gkgds,dspdmgbkky pbrdnts, tiwbrhs tldgr mlgkhrdn. Sd brd tikh tlbt UGnhgbnP abtldrs bnh `itldrs,

minsghdr tldgr mlgkhrdn bs tldgr pripdrty bnh bssu`d b arddhi` ti trdbt tld` bs tldy kged5 67

tlbt UGnhgbn pbrdntsP bhipt lbrsl `dtlihs ia hgsmgpkgngnc mlgkhrdn5=: tlbt mlgkhrdn abmdh

lgcl kdvdk ia plysgmbk bfusd gn ab`gkgds5=2bnh tlbt iatdn tld mlgkh gs tld dbsgdst tbrcdt air

tld pbrdnt ti vdnt tldgr arustrbtgin in.=6

Kdt us tbed b kiie bt tld dvghdnmd air tldsd bkkdcbtgins.

Vdpirtdh rbtd ia


16/56

- 26 -

Sd wgkk bssu`d tlbt tld agcurd ia


17/56

- 2= -

bssu`d tlbt tld rdkbtgvdky s`bkkdr gnmghdnmd ia sdvdrd bfusd fy ab`gky `d`fdrs (bnh tlus fy

pbrdnts) wgtlgn tld suf-sdt bksi bppkgdh wldn yiu kiiedh bt bkk tld mlgkhrdn rdpirtgnc ab`gky

bfusd gn tld survdy.

Hbtb rdvdbks tld `boirgty ia mbsds rdpirtdh bs bfusd brd mbsds ia skbppgnc

Xld Vdpirt in tld suf-sdt cids in ti sby tlbt 38.=% ia gn-ab`gky bfusd wbs gn tld air` ia

skbppgnc/egmegnc.8:

Bnitldr wby tld Vdpirt `gskdbhs tld rdbhdr gs fy mkuffgnc tld hbtb in skbppgnc bnh egmegnc

ia mlgkhrdn. ]kbppgnc bnh egmegnc lbvd fddn trdbtdh bs ind mbtdciry ia plysgmbk bfusd dvdn

tliucl tld twi brd wghdky hgaadrdnt gn sdvdrgty bnh g`pbmt in tld mlgkh.

Gn tld qudstginnbgrd air mlgkhrdn fdgnc bsedh bfiut plysgmbk bfusd fy ab`gky `d`fdrs, 82

skbppgnc bnh egmegnc brd prdsdntdh bs ind mbtdciry. ]i b mlgkh bnswdrgnc yds air skbppgnc,

gs bksi rdpirtdh bs bnswdrgnc yds air egmegnc, wlgml gs lgclky `gskdbhgnc. Gn tld qudstginsair mlgkhrdn in plysgmbk bfusd fy itldrs, skbppgnc bnh egmegnc brd prdsdntdh bs twi hgstgnmt

mbtdcirgds, fut tld Vdpirt hids nit hgsmkisd tld nu`fdrs rdpirtgnc egmegnc vdrsus skbppgnc.

Gt gs nit mkdbr wly skbppgnc bnh egmegnc wdrd mkuffdh dxmdpt ti `bed agnhgncs bfiut

skbppgnc, wlgml gs b rdkbtgvdky `gnir mbtdciry ia bfusd, kiie kged b agnhgnc bfiutegmegnc,

bn ucky bnh `ird sdvdrd air`.

Sd lbvd si`d mkuds bs ti tld rdkbtgvd pripirtgin ia skbppgnc ti egmegnc ari` tld hbtb in

yiunc bhukts survdydh bfiut tldgr mlgkhliih dxpdrgdnmds.8687% yiunc bhukts brd rdpirtdh bs

=7Xlgs b`iunts ti inky 6.13% ia tld titbk nu`fdr ia mlgkhrdn survdydh. ]gnmd mlgkhrdn gn itldr criups wli lbh

ab`gky `by lbvd bksi rdpirtdh sdvdrd gn-ab`gky bfusd, tlgs agcurd ia 6.13% `by nit fd tld trud rbtd ia sdvdrd gn-

ab`gky plysgmbk bfusd air tld titbk sb`pkd.8:

Zbcd 42.82

Bnndxdh ti tld Vdpirt bt pbcd 24< bs Bnndxurd


18/56

- 28 -

lbvgnc fddn fdbtdn gn mlgkhliih, tld frdbehiwn ia air`s ia si-mbkkdh plysgmbk bfusd

fdgnc? skbppgnc - 88%5 egmegnc - 3%5 fdbtdn fy stgme - =1%5 bnh puslgnc


19/56

- 24 -

`bkgmgius skbppgnc, fut ia fdgnc skbppdh gn tld mintdxt ia fdgnc mirrdmtdh ir rdstrbgndh ari`

hignc si`dtlgnc tlbt wbs finb aghd fdkgdvdh fy tld bhukt gn qudstgin ti fd wrinc ir lbràuk.

Bcbgn, si`d pdipkd likh tld vgdw tlbt bny egnh ia skbppgnc ia b mlgkh, wldtldr ti hgsmgpkgnd gt

ir itldrwgsd, gs wrinc. Fut dvdn bkkiwgnc air tlbt pignt ia vgdw, wldn tld hbtb sliwdh tld

`boirgty ia mlgkhrdn hi nit rdpirt pbrdntbk plysgmbk bfusd, bnh tlbt ìst mbsds ia plysgmbk

bfusd wdrd mbsds ia b pbrdnt skbppgnc wgtl tld gntdnt ia mirrdmtgnc bn drrbnt mlgkh, tld lbrsl

minhd`nbtgin ia pbrdnts gn tld Vdpirt gs titbkky unoustgagdh.

]tbtgstgms in pbrdntbk fdlbvgiur ti fd unhdrstiih gn mintdxt ia tldgr fdgnc tld prg`bry

bmtirs gn tld kgad ia tldgr mlgkhrdn, dspdmgbkky wldn mlgkhrdn brd yiunc

Bnitldr pignt tlbt ùst bkwbys fd firnd gn `gnh wldn bssdssgnc hbtb rdcbrhgnc tld

dxpdrgdnmds ia mlgkhrdn gs tlbt gn bny survdy ia mlgkhliih dxpdrgdnmds, ni `bttdr liw yiu

hdsgcn gt, tld pripirtgin ia pbrdnts rdpirtdh bs si-mbkkdh pdrpdtrbtirs gs kgedky ti fd lgcldr

tlbn bny itldr mkbss ia pdrsins.

Xlgs wiukh fd sddn dspdmgbkky gn mbsds wldrd tld survdy gs ia yiunc mlgkhrdn (rdmbkk tlbt tld

fgccdst criup ia mlgkhrdn survdydh air tld Vdpirt wbs ia tld bcd criup 4 ti 26, si tld survdy

gnmkuhdh ìrd yiuncdr tlbn ikhdr mlgkhrdn).81Xld rdbsin gs sg`pkd, unkdss yiu brd kiiegnc bt

irplbns, ìst mlgkhrdn kgvd wgtl tldgr pbrdnts bnh tld ivdrwldk`gnc pripirtgin ia mlgkhrdns

hgrdmt dxpdrgdnmds brd dgtldr wgtl pbrdnts, ir `dhgbtdh tlriucl pbrdnts.

]i wldtldr gt gs egssgnc ir skbppgnc, prbgsgnc ir smikhgnc, dnmiurbcgnc ir rdstrgmtgnc, tld

`bxgù` gnstbnmds ia suml dxpdrgdnmds wgkk iatdn fd, bs b pripirtgin, lgcldr ari` pbrdnts

tlbn ari` itldr mbtdcirgds ia pdrsins. Xld yiuncdr tld bcd ia tld mlgkh, bnh dspdmgbkky ga yiubrd cignc ti rdstrgmt yiur rdsdbrml ti hgsmgpkgngnc ia mlgkhrdn, tld lgcldr tld pripirtgin ia

pbrdntbk bmtirs yiu wgkk agnh.

]gnmd pbrdnts brd tld prg`d bmtirs gn b mlgkhs kgad, ti sby tlbt ìstky gt gs pbrdnts wli skbp

tldgr mlgkhrdn gs, stbtgstgmbkky spdbegnc, ni ìrd sgcngagmbnt tlbn sbygnc tlbt ìstky gt gs

pbrdnts wli tbed mbrd ia tldgr mlgkhrdnbnh gt gs nit tld sb`d bs sbygnc tlbt ìst pbrdnts

skbp tldgr mlgkhrdn.

Mlgkhrdn brd nit stbedlikhdrs bmmirhgnc ti tld Vdpirt

Xld Vdpirt bksi survdys b criup ia si-mbkkdh stbedlikhdrs ti dkgmgt tldgr vgdws in plysgmbk

bfusd ia mlgkhrdn bnh `dbsurds ti fd tbedn gn tlgs rdcbrh. Xld Vdpirt stbtds tlbt tld

stbedlikhdrs siuclt iut wdrd pdrsins likhgnc pisgtgins gn civdrn`dnt hdpbrt`dnts,

prgvbtd sdrvgmd, urfbn bnh rurbk kimbk fihgds bnh gnhgvghubks ari` tld mi`ùngty. @boirgty ia

rdspinhdnts gn tlgs mbtdciry (86.=


20/56

- 21 -

itldr mbtdcirgds wlgml gnmkuhdh pbrdnts, NCIs, mi``ungty kdbhdrs, dkdmtdh rdprdsdntbtgvds

ia urfbn bnh kimbk fihgds.83

Xliucl tld Vdpirt fkb`ds Gnhgbn pbrdnts air nit trdbtgnc mlgkhrdn bs gnhgvghubks gn tldgr iwn

rgclt bnh air abgkgnc ti cgvd mlgkhrdn b vigmd, tld Vdpirt gtsdka sdd`s ti abgk gn tlgs rdcbrh

fy, vdry pbtringzgncky, nit minsghdrgnc mlgkhrdn bs stbedlikhdrs gn tld survdy.

Gt gs gringm tlbt tld Vdpirt hids nit dvdn miunt mlgkhrdn bs stbedlikhdrs, wlgkd gts fd`ibns tld

stbtd ia Gnhgbn mlgkhrdn wgtl stbtd`dnts bfiut b kbme ia rdbkgsbtgin in tld pbrt ia pbrdnts tlbt

mlgkhrdn brd gnhgvghubks wgtl tldgr iwn rgclts58


21/56

- 23 -

hdspgtd tlgs rbtldr ìhdrbtd rdspinsd ia yiunc bhukts bnh stbedlikhdrs, tld Vdpirt `beds

bkbr`gnc priniunmd`dnts ti tld daadmt tlbt tlgs gnhgmbtds b mymkd ia bfusd wldrdfy vgmtg`s

ia bfusd tld`sdkvds fdmi`ds bfusdrs.4=

Xlgs gs nit inky b criss dxbccdrbtgin ia wlbt tld rdspinhdnts bmtubkky sbgh, fut gt bksi rdvdbks

tlbt tld butlirs ia tld Vdpirt brd nit rdbkky wgkkgnc ti rdmicngsd tld mlgkh bs bn gnhgvghubk gn

lgs iwn rgclt, mbpbfkd ti air`gnc ipgngins air lg`sdka. Xld butlirs sgncukbrky abgk ti minmdhd

bny bcdnmy in tld pbrt ia tld mlgkh fy mkbg`gnc tlbt mlgkhrdn wli brd skbppdh brd pitdntgbk

bfusdrs. Sldrd gs tld rdmicngtgin ia tld mlgkh bs bn gnhgvghubk gn ldr iwn rgclt, gn suml b

hgs`gssgvd bnh ouhcd`dntbk vgdw ia mlgkhrdn9

Mlgkhrdn hi nit fkgnhky mipy tldgr pbrdnts pbttdrns ia fdlbvgiur. Zkdnty ia pdipkd wli wdrd

plysgmbkky hgsmgpkgndh gn tldgr yiutl mliisd nit ti hi si wgtl tldgr iwn mlgkhrdn. Gn abmt, ga bt

bkk tldrd gs b ndw trdnh d`drcgnc gn Gnhgb, tldrd gs b trdnh bwby ari` plysgmbk ti nin-plysgmbk

air`s ia ìhdrbtgnc mlgkhrdns fdlbvgiur.

Sd brd bwbrd ia si`d tldirgds gn tld agdkh ia psymlikicy tlbt mlgkhrdn wli mi`d ari`

vgikdnt li`ds rdpdbt tlgs pbttdrn gn tldgr iwn bhuktliih. Fut tlbt gs nit b tldiry tlbt bppkgds

ti li`ds wldrd `drd skbppgncgs usdh bs b air` ia hgsmgpkgnd.

Vdpirt abgks ti rdbssdss gts bssu`ptgins dvdn wldn tld hbtb hgrdmtky mintrbhgmts tld`

@itldr-fkb`gnc

]i fgbsdh gs tld Vdpirt, tlbt gt likhs in ti gts bssu`ptgins bfiut Gnhgbn ab`gkgds, dvdn wldn

tldy brd hgrdmtky mintrbhgmtdh fy gts iwn agnhgncs. Air gnstbnmd, tlriucliut tld Vdpirt tldmbusd air tld si-mbkkdh plysgmbk bfusd gn tld ab`gky gs sbgh ti fd pbtrgbrmly 48 bnh

hgsmrg`gnbtgin bcbgnst ad`bkd mlgkhrdn. Xld Vdpirt sbys tlbt Bktliucl tld stuhy lbh nit

cbtldrdh bny d`pgrgmbk hbtb wlgml wiukh gnhgmbtd tld pissgfkd rdbsins air suml b lgcl

pdrmdntbcd ia plysgmbk bfusd bcbgnst mlgkhrdn, gt mbn pissgfky fd bttrgfutdh ti tld aikkiwgnc

rdbsins? b pbtrgbrmlbk simgdty tlbt kiies upin tld mlgkhrdn bs tld pripdrty ia tld abtldr44bnh

Gnhgbn simgdty.....gs pbtrgbrmlbk gn strumturd wldrd tld mlbgn ia mi``bnh gs hdagngtd bnh

gnvgikbfkd.41

Fut tld hbtb in mlgkhrdn rdpirtdh ti lbvd fddn plysgmbkky bfusdh fy ab`gky `d`fdrs sliws

twi tlgncs tlbt squbrdky mintrbhgmt tlgs rbtginbkd? agrst, 4:.7% brd sbgh ti lbvd fddn bfusdh fytldgr ìtldrs.43]dminh, ìrd fiys tlbn cgrks rdpirt plysgmbk bfusd, fitl ivdrbkk, bnh gn dbml

fut twi ia tld ]tbtds rdprdsdntdh gn tld sb`pkd ia mlgkh rdspinhdnts survdydh.4


22/56

- 2< -

Sldn wd rdmbkk tlbt tld ivdrwldk`gnc `boirgty ia mbsds kbfdkkdh bs plysgmbk bfusd gn tld

Vdpirt brd mbsds ia nin-sdvdrd skbppgnc, tld pgmturd tlbt d`drcds gs ia si`d (nit bkk ir ìst)

ìtldrsskbppgnc tldgr sinsti hgsmgpkgnd tld`. Xlgs sg`pky hids nit agt tld Vdpirts mkbg`s

ia lgcl bfusd audkkdh fy pbtrgbrmly.

Ga bnytlgnc, tlgs egnh ia ìtldr-fkb`gnc fbsdh in uttdrky kbx rdsdbrml, bnh hrdssgnc up ia

`gkh dvdryhby dnmiuntdrs fdtwddn ìtldr bnh mlgkh bs bfusd, s`bmes ia wgtml-luntgnc

bnh gsicyny.

Tcky fgbs bcbgnst s`bkk fiys

Xld Vdpirt hgs`gssds tld hgaadrdnmd gn tld rbtd ia fiys bnh cgrks rdpirtgnc plysgmbk bfusd bs

grrdkdvbnt. Gt agnhs tlbt? Gn tld ivdrbkk pdrmdntbcd tldrd sdd`s ti fd nit ùml hgaadrdnmd gn

plysgmbk bfusd fdgnc abmdh fy cgrks bnh fiys.47

Fut ga yiu mi`pbrd, ]tbtd-wgsd, tld pripirtgin ia fiys ti cgrks rdpirtdh bs plysgmbkky bfusdh,tld vbrgbtgin gn ndbrky bkk mbsds gs ivdr 2:%. Gn `bny mbsds ivdr 6:% ìrd fiys tlbn cgrks

rdpirtdh bs plysgmbkky bfusdh.1:

Xlgs gs nit b stbtgstgmbkky gnsgcngagmbnt hgaadrdnmd. Ga tld Vdpirt wdrd nit mi`pkdtdky fkgnhdh

fy gts prdouhgmd tlbt tld inky dxpkbnbtgin air bnytlgnc gnvikvgnc mlgkhrdn bnh tld ab`gky gn

Gnhgb gs pbtrgbrmly, tldn tlgs hgaadrdnmd sliukh lbvd pri`ptdh si`d rdbssdss`dnt ia gts

unhdrstbnhgnc ia tld nbturd ia mlgkhliih bnh ab`gky hynb`gms gn Gnhgb.

Sd wgkk sdd kbtdr tlbt b sg`gkbr pbttdrn d`drcds gn tld pirtgin ia tld Vdpirt in sdxubk bfusd

ia mlgkhrdn, wldrd ìrd fiys tlbn cgrks brd rdpirtgnc sdxubk bfusd. Fut bcbgn, tld Vdpirtpdrsgsts gn gts bssdrtgin tlbt bkk bfusd ia mlgkhrdn gn Gnhgbn simgdty gs cughdh fy hgsmrg`gnbtgin

bcbgnst wi`dn bnh cgrks. Xld Vdpirt cids in ti hdvitd bn dntgrd sdmtgin ti cdnhdr

hgsmrg`gnbtgin bcbgnst cgrks bs b mbtdciry ia mlgkh bfusd, wlgkd gcnirgnc tld spdmgbk mbsd ia

bfusd ia fiys wlgml bppdbrs ti d`drcd ari` gts iwn hbtb.

SD BVD NIX LDVD @BEGNC XLD MB]D XLBX XLDVD G], GN ABMX, B

]ZDMGBK MB]D IA BFT]D IA FIW] GN GNHGB. B] SD LBQD ]XBXDH

VDZDBXDHKW, XLD RTBKGXW IA XLD HBXB BNH XLD HD]GCN IA

XLD VD]DBVML GN XLD VDZIVX G] ]I ZIIV XLBX GX HID] NIX

SBVVBNX BNW MINMKT]GIN DGXLDV SBW.

Fut gt gs bkbr`gnc tlbt piwdrauk gntdrnbtginbk NCIs suml bs TNGMDA bnh ]bvd tld Mlgkhrdn,

bnh tld Civdrn`dnt, bmtgnc ldbvgky unhdr tldgr gnakudnmd, sliukh turn b fkgnh dyd ti tldgr

iwn hbtb oust fdmbusd gt sliwdh si`dtlgnc bfiut fiys bnh nit cgrks. Xlgs fgbs gs

pbrtgmukbrky ucky bnh hgstbstdauk minsghdrgnc tlbt tld fiys gn qudstgin wdrd vdry kgttkd,

prg`brgky gn tld tdnhdr bcd criup ia 4 ti 26, bnh ari` lu`fkd fbmecriunhs.

47

Zbcd 8< ia tld Vdpirt.1:Zbcd 84 ia tld Vdpirt, sdd tbfkd mbkkdh Cdnhdr-wgsd % ia mlgkhrdn rdpirtgnc plysgmbk bfusd gn ind ir ìrd

sgtubtgins.


23/56

- 27 -

Kbws rdcbrhgnc plysgmbk bfusd fy pbrdnts

Sd hi nit mrgtgmgsd tld Vdpirts agnhgncs in plysgmbk bfusd ti `bed tld mkbg` tlbt tldrd gs ni

plysgmbk bfusd fy pbrdnts ia mlgkhrdn gn Gnhgb. Dvdry niw bnh bcbgn tldrd brd rdpirts gn tld

pbpdrs ia mlgkhrdn fdgnc sdvdrdky gnourdh, dvdn ti hdbtl, fy b pbrdnt. Dvdn bssu`gnc tlbt

pbrdntbk bfusd (rdbk bfusd, nit tld skbppgnc bnh puslgnc tlbt tld Vdpirt gs aimussdh upin) gs

`brcgnbk ir rbrd, tldrd gs ciih rdbsin air simgdty ti tbed `dbsurds bcbgnst suml immurrdnmds.

Ga dxgstgnc kbws brd gnbhdqubtd ti prisdmutd sdvdrd bfusd ia mlgkhrdn, tldn b mbsd `by fd

`bhd air ndw kbws, bkwbys eddpgnc gn `gnh tlbt tld kbw sliukh pungsl cdnugnd mbsds ia

mrudkty, bnh nit bmmghdnts, bnh ungntdnhdh gnoury. Xld kbttdr gs ni ghkd minmdrn, gn tld

T]B bnh TE, pbrdnts tbegnc tldgr mlgkhrdn ti lispgtbk air ldbh gnourgds bnh arbmturds brd

riutgndky mlbrcdh wgtl mlgkh bfusd bkkdcbtgins, bnh lbvd tldgr tdrrgagdh mlgkhrdn wlgsedh bwby

ari` tld lispgtbk ti aistdr mbrd unhdr d`drcdnmy pritdmtgin irhdrs, fbsdh in nitlgnc dksd fut

tld abmt ia gnoury.12

Ga tldrd brd cignc ti fd spdmgbk kbws air pbrdntbk plysgmbk bfusd, tldrd sliukh bksi fd

minsghdrbtgin ia wldtldr privgsgin nddhs ti fd `bhd air cgvgnc sdminh mlbnmds ti cdnugndky

rdpdntbnt pbrdnts.

Xldsd brd bkk gssuds tlbt wd mbn lbvd b hdfbtd bfiut. Fut tldrd wbs ni wbrrbnt air tlgs

pigntkdss bnh ouhc`dntbk Vdpirt, wlgml bppbrdntky tiie ivdr ind bnh b lbka ydbrs ti

mi`pkdtd.

Xld mist ia tld Vdpirt gs nit stbtdh, fut cignc fy tld nu`drius NCIs dncbcdh, tld dxdrmgsd

fdgnc kdh fy gntdrnbtginbk NCIs, tld nu`fdr ia pdipkd friuclt gn ti cbtldr hbtb bnh tld tg`dspdnt gn prdpbrgnc tld Vdpirt, wd brd ìst kgedky kiiegnc bt b lucdky mistky, bnh wbstdauk,

dxdrmgsd.

]kbppgnc ia mlgkhrdn fy pbrdnts

]i abr bs skbppgnc ia mlgkhrdn fy pbrdnts gs minmdrndh, bcbgn, tldrd wbs ni nddh ti lbvd bn

dxpdnsgvd gntdrnbtginbkky spinsirdh stuhy in tlgs. Sd mbn sby, wgtliut lbvgnc cind tlriucl

bny survdys, tlbt gn Gnhgb, bs gn `bny pbrts ia tld wirkh, gnmkuhgnc gn pbrts ia tld Sdst,

skbppgnc ir spbnegnc yiur mlgkh fy b pbrdnt, dspdmgbkky b ìtldr, gs mukturbkky bmmdptbfkd.

Tnhdngbfky, si`d pdipkd wbnt tlgs ti mlbncd. Fut tlbt gs b pignt air suml pdipkd ti minvgnmditldrs ia gn tld mi`ùngty. Xldrd gs ni wbrrbnt air frgncgnc skbppgnc gnti tld hi`bgn ia

pufkgm pikgmy. ]kbppgnc gs nit bfusd.

Xldrd gs pkdnty ia smgdntgagm rdsdbrml, ari` tld Sdst, ni kdss, tlbt sbys tlbt mlgkhrdn wli brd

skbppdh ir spbnedh gn bn itldrwgsd kivgnc dnvgrin`dnt, mi`d ti ni lbr`. Zkdnty ia pbrdnts,

12Xldrd lbvd fddn twi mbsds ia tlgs egnh rdmdntky gnvikvgnc Gnhgbn ab`gkgds gn tld T]Btld ]blb mbsd gn Ndw

Odrsdy (tld mlgkh wbs gn aistdr mbrd air sdvdrbk ìntls, tliucl gn tld dnh tld bkkdcbtgins ia bfusd wdrd hrippdh)

bnh b ab`gky gn Zirtkbnh, Irdcin?lttp?//www.tldlgnhu.mi`/ndws/gntdrnbtginbk/us-civt-tbeds-mustihy-ia-gnhgbn-

mlgkh-brrdsts-abtldr/brtgmkd38


24/56

- 6: -

ìtldrs dspdmgbkky, wgkk tdstgay tlbt si`dtg`ds yiu lbvd ti fdmi`d b mlgkh ti cdt tlriucl ti b

mlgkh, bnh tlbt mbn gnmkuhd b wdkk-tg`dh skbp. ]kbppgnc gs nit dvdn bkwbys b trbu`btgm ir

ndcbtgvd dxpdrgdnmd air b mlgkh. Zkdnty ia ìtldrs wgkk tdstgay ti tldgr eghs fu rstgnc gnti

cgcckds bs siin bs tldy stbrt hikgnc iut tld skbps.

]i`d yiunc mlgkhrdn mbn fd qugtd ifstgnbtd, wiregnc tld`sdkvds gnti lystdrgms wldn rdausgnc

ti hi tlgncs tlbt tldy nddh ti hi air tldgr iwn ir bnitldrs sbed, kged cdttgnc iut ia tld fbtl

si tldy hint mbtml mikh, ir nit ou`pgnc up bnh hiwn in rgmedty aurngturd, ir nit pukkgnc tldgr

s`bkkdr sgfkgncs lbgr. B skbp mbn snbp tld` iut ia tldgr lystdrgms bnh tbntru`s.

Xldrd gs b tdnhdnmy tldsd hbys ti hgbcnisd figstdrius mlgkhrdn bs lbvgnc bttdntgin hgsirhdr

ir fdgnc lypdrbmtgvd, ir fitl. Bttdntgin Hdagmgt Lypdrbmtgvgty Hgsirhdr, ir BHLH, gs b

ab`gkgbr tdr` ti dhumbtdh pbrdnts. Xldrd brd rdpirts ia gntikdrbnt smliiks gn tld Sdst, airmgnc

pbrdnts ti minsghdr mlgkhgsl lgcl spgrgts bs b hgsirhdr. Xld slirt stdp ari` tldrd ti

`dhgmbtgnc mlgkhrdn unndmdssbrgky gs iatdn fdgnc tbedn.

Ind wby ir tld itldr, mlgkhrdn rdqugrd si`d mintrik. Gt gs, btkdbst brcubfky, fdttdr bnh sbadr ti

lbnhkd hgaagmukt bnh ivdr-dxmgtbfkd mlgkhrdn wgtl tld immbsginbk skbp, tlbn fy hipgnc tld`

gnti suf`gssgin.

Fdaird tbegnc bn dxtrd`d pisgtgin bcbgnst skbppgnc, pdipkd sliukh tbed bn lindst kiie bt tld

egnhs ia nin-plysgmbk prbmtgmds tlbt brd rdmi``dnhdh ti dxtrbmt ciih fdlbvgiur, wlgml gs

oust b pikgtd tdr` air ifdhgdnmd, ari` b mlgkh. Xld pbssgvd-bccrdssgvd fdlbvgiur rdqugrdh ia

tld pbrdnt, tld rdcg`dntbk gnsgstdnmd in fdgnc minsgstdnt (bs tliucl tlgs wdrd b `gkgtbry

hrgkk, rbtldr tlbn b rdkbtginslgp) bnh tld dxtdnsgvd ivdrbkk mintrik ivdr tld cdndrbk fdlbvgiur

ia tld mlgkh (rukds air dbtgnc, rukds air skddpgnc, rukds air pkbygnc, rukds air bsegnc air tlgncs,

rukds air dxprdssgnc bncdr ir lurt) gs ùml crdbtdr gn si`d ia tldsd nin-plysgmbk hgsmgpkgngnc

prbmtgmds, tlbn tld ipdn, lindst bnh ì`dntbry bssdrtgin ia b pbrdnts wgkk ivdr b mlgkh fy b

skbp.

Sly tlgs gssud gs rdkdvbnt air pbrdnts dvdrywldrd

Slbt gs tdkkgnc bfiut tld TNGMDA-]bvd tld Mlgkhrdn bppribml ti mlgkh rbgsgnc gs nit oust

wlbt gt mliisds ti aimus upin - skbppgnc - fut bksi wlbt gt `gssds. Ga tldrd lbs ti fd b

hgsmussgin bfiut pbrdntbk fdlbvgiur, wly sliukh skbppgnc bnh mbngnc fd tld inky egnhs ia

pbrdntgnc prbmtgmds tlbt brd sufodmtdh ti smrutgny9

Slbt bfiut lbrsl prbmtgmds tlbt brd mi`ìn bnh bmmdptdh bìnc ìhdrn, wdstdrn bnh (gn

Gnhgb) wdstdrngsdh pbrdnts suml bs skddp trbgngnc, wldrd gnabnts bs yiunc bs b miupkd ia wddes

ikh brd airmdh ti kdbrn ti skddp gnhdpdnhdntky fy fdgnc kdat gn tldgr mits ti mry gt iut,

si`dtg`ds air liurs ticdtldr, ti tld pignt ia tld` vi`gtgnc bnh mliegnc wgtl bcgtbtgin. Ir

tld prbmtgmd ia hdkgfdrbtdky hdprgvgnc gnabnts ia `gke wldn tldy mry air gt, si tlbt tldy kdbrn

ti addh bmmirhgnc ti b agxdh smldhukd sugtbfkd air bhukt riutgnds9

Kdt wiregnc ìtldrs, wli `by lbvd ti smldhukd tldgr fbfgds gn irhdr ti `ddt tld hd`bnhs ia

wire, minsghdr wldtldr lbvgnc tld Civdrn`dnt kby hiwn tld kbw in mlgkh rbgsgnc prbmtgmds,

sby fy mrg`gnbkgsgnc skddp trbgngnc, wiukh ldkp ir lgnhdr tld` bnh tldgr mlgkhrdn. Kdt pbrdnts


25/56

- 62 -

wgtl lgcl-strunc mlgkhrdn minsghdr liw tldy wiukh lbvd `bnbcdh ga tldy lbh lbh ti tgp tid

briunh tld`5 ir wlbt tld mist ti tld mlgkh wiukh lbvd fddn ga tld inky pdr`gttdh gntdrvdntgin

wbs gn tld air` ia prdsmrgptgin hrucs. Kdt pbrdnts wlisd pdrsinbkgtgds hi nit kdnh tld`sdkvds

ti pbssgvd-bccrdssgvd pbrdntgnc tdmlngquds, ir wlisd mlgkhrdns pdrsinbkgtgds wiukh rdvikt

bcbgnst suml `dbsurds, minsghdr liw tldy wiukh addk ga tldy wdrd strbgclt-obmedtdh gnti usgncinky tlisd tdmlngquds gn lbnhkgnc tldgr mlgkhrdn.


26/56

- 66 -

ZBVX GQ

]D\TBK BFT]D? FGB], HG]XIVXGIN BNH VGCCDH ]XBXG]XGM]

Gn tlgs pbrt ia tld pbpdr, wd hgsmuss tld abksdliihs bnh dxbccdrbtgins gn tld Vdpirt bfiut

sdxubk bfusd ia mlgkhrdn gn Gnhgb fy ab`gky `d`fdrs.

@gsbppkgmbtgin ia stbtgstgmbk prgnmgpkds bnh piir qubkgty ia hbtb

Bs dxpkbgndh gn Zbrt GG ia tlgs Zbpdr, sgnmd tld Vdpirt usdh purpisgvd sb`pkgnc bnh itldr

nin-prifbfgkgty `dtlihs ti iftbgn gts hbtb, nind ia gts agnhgncs bs rdcbrhs tld s`bkk piik ia

26,883 mlgkhrdn, 6=68 yiunc bhukts bnh 6887 si-mbkkdh stbedlikhdrs bppky in bkk aiurs ti

tld dntgrd pipukbtgin ia 88 mrird Gnhgbn mlgkhrdn bnh tldgr ab`gkgds. Xldrdaird, tld Vdpirt wbs

dntgrdky wrinc gn sbygnc, fbsdh in gts agnhgncs tlbt ia 26,883 mlgkhrdn survdydh, 6:.7:%

rdpirtdh sdvdrd sdxubk bfusd,164:.31% rdpirtdh itldr air`s ia sdxubk bfusd1= bnh 4=.66%

rdpirtdh ind ir ìrd air`s ia sdxubk bfusd,18

tlbt bmriss tld miuntry, dvdry sdminh mlgkhwbs fdgnc sufodmtdh ti itldr air`s ia sdxubk bfusd bnh dvdry agatl mlgkh wbs abmgnc sdvdrd

air`s ia sdxubk bfusd Ud`plbsgs suppkgdhP.14

Xld Vdpirt wbs bksi wrinc gn prdsdntgnc gts pdrmdntbcd agnhgncs in tld sb`pkd ia mlgkhrdn

survdydh bs bppkygnc ti dvdry sdminh bnh dvdry agatl mlgkh gn tld miuntry. Bs dxpkbgndh

gn Zbrt GGG ia tlgs pbpdr, tld Vdpirt lbh ni stbtgstgmbk oustgagmbtgin air gnadrrgnc b ungair`

hgstrgfutgin ia bfusd gn tld pipukbtgin fbsdh in tld pdrmdntbcd agnhgncs mkbg`dh air tld

sb`pkd ia rdspinhdnts survdydh.

Xld mkbg` ia tld Vdpirt tlbt dvdry sdminh bnh dvdry agatl mlgkh gn Gnhgb abmdh si`d air` iasdxubk bfusd, bìunts ti mkbg`gnc tlbt dvdryab`gky gn tld miuntry lbs ind mlgkh suaadrgnc

nin-sdvdrd sdxubk bfusd bnh bkìst dvdry itldr ab`gkylbs b mlgkh suaadrgnc sdvdrd sdxubk

bfusd. Bn iutrbcdius mkbg`, dntgrdky unsuppirtdh fy tld hbtb, bs wd wgkk sdd fdkiw.

@gsrdprdsdntbtgin bnh dxbccdrbtgin ia iwn hbtb

Bs gn tld mbsd ia tld hbtb air plysgmbk bfusd hgsmussdh gn Zbrt GGG, tld gssud wgtl tld agnhgncs

in sdxubk bfusd wbs nit inky b `gsbppkgmbtgin ia stbtgstgmbk prgnmgpkds bnh abukty hbtb, fut

bksi tlbt tld Vdpirt dxbccdrbtdh bnh `gsrdprdsdntdh gts iwn hbtb ti mrdbtd b abksd g`prdssgin

ia bkbr`gnc kdvdks ia sdxubk bfusd gn tld ab`gky. Xld ]dxubk Bfusd mlbptdr ia tld Vdpirt gs b

stuhy gn liw hbtb mbn fd `bngpukbtdh ti hrdss up bnh dxbccdrbtd wlbt brd rdbkky `gnir

agnhgncs.

Minakbtgin ia sdxubk dnmiuntdrs wgtl pddrs bnh sdxubk bssbukt fy strbncdrs wgtl sdxubk

bssbukts fy ab`gky d`fdrs, cubrhgbns bnh eniwn bhukts

Xld Vdpirts agrst stdp gn mrdbtgnc bn dxbccdrbtdh pgmturd ia sdxubk bfusd wbs ti, bs gn tld

mbsd ia plysgmbk bfusd, lbvd bn ivdrfribh hdagngtgin ia sdxubk bfusd. Xld tdr` sdxubk


1=

Zbcd 33 ia tld Vdpirt.18Zbcd 38 ia tld Vdpirt.



27/56

- 6= -

bfusd gs mi`ìnky unhdrstiih ti rdadr ti sgtubtgins wldrd tld pdrpdtrbtir gs bn bhukt eniwn

bnh trustdh fy tld mlgkh. Ldnmd tld tdr` sdxubk bfusd, rbtldr tlbn tld ìrd cdndrgm sdxubk

bssbukt ir sdxubk vgikdnmd.

Xld g``dhgbtd bssu`ptgin wldn rdbhgnc ia sdxubk bfusd gs tlbt tld pdrpdtrbtir gs b pbrdnt,

tdbmldr ir si`d itldr bhukt gn tld prgvbtd, dvdryhby dnvgrin`dnt ia tld mlgkh. Bksi, tld tdr`

sdxubk bfusd gs ndvdr usdh wldn rdadrrgnc ti sdxubk dnmiuntdrs fdtwddn argdnhs bnh

mkbss`btds. Xlgs gs wlbt hgstgncugslds sdxubk bfusd ari` itldr air`s ia sdxubk vgikdnmd

bcbgnst b mlgkh, suml bs rbpd fy b strbncdr, bnh ari` sdxubk dnmiuntdrs wgtl itldr `gnirs ia

gts iwn bcd.

Liwdvdr, gn tld Vdpirt, sdxubk bfusd gs minakbtdh wgtl cdndrgm sdxubk vgikdnmd, bssbukt bnh

iaadnmds fy mkuffgnc unhdr tld ldbhgnc sdxubk bfusd sdxubk bmts wgtl pddrs, suml bs

argdnhs bnh mkbss`btds5 fy uneniwn bhukts/bhukts nit gn b pisgtgin ia trust suml bs

strbncdrs bnh itldrs, bnh bmts, wlgml tliucl tldy `by minstgtutd sdxubk iaadnmds ir fd

itldrwgsd ifodmtginbfkd, brd nit mi`ìnky unhdrstiih ti fd bmts ia sdxubk bfusd (g.d.,

gnvikvgnc vgikbtgin fy bn bhukt ia b mlgkhs trust), suml bs b mkbss -adkkiw ir argdnh sliwgnc b

mlgkh pirnicrbplgm pgmturds (tld sgnckd kbrcdst gnstbnmd ia si-mbkkdh sdxubk bfusd ia bkk

air`s ia sdxubk bfusd rdpirtdh), ir airmgfkd egssgnc bìnc tddnbcdrs, ir b strbncdr ruffgnc

tldgr prgvbtd pbrts bcbgnst b mlgkh wlgkd trbvdkkgnc in b fus. Bs wd wgkk sdd fdkiw, tlgs

minakbtgin ia sdxubk bfusd wgtl cdndrgm sdxubk vgikdnmd bnh itldr bmts lbs tld daadmt ia

fu`pgnc up sdxubk bfusd agcurds fy sdvdrbk tg`ds.

Vdpirtdh rbtds ia sdxubk bfusd

Xld Vdpirt hgvghds sdxubk bfusd gnti vbrgius mbtdcirgds ia sdxubk bfusd, rbncgnc ari` sdvdrd

bssbukts, gnvikvgnc sdxubk gntdrmiursd ir irbk sdx5 ti itldr air`s ia bssbukt gnvikvgnc mintbmt

wgtl sdxubk ircbns, suml bs ainhkgnc sdxubk ircbns (tld Vdpirt usds tld tdr` prgvbtd pbrts)5

itldr mintbmt bmts suml bs airmgfkd egssgnc bnh strbncdrs ruffgnc tldgr prgvbtd pbrts bcbgnst b

mlgkh gn b fus5 ti bmts nit gnvikvgnc mintbmt, suml bs dxlgfgtgings`, sliwgnc ia pirnicrbplgm

pgmturds, bnh tbegnc nuhd pliticrbpls.

Xi unhdrstbnh liw tld ivdrfribh hdagngtgin ia sdxubk bfusd fu`pdh up tld sdxubk bfusd

rbtds gn tld Vdpirt, kdt us tbed b kiie bt si`d ia tld agcurds air gnhgvghubk air`s ia sdxubk

bfusd stbtdh gn tld Vdpirt?

]dvdrd sdxubk bfusd, g.d., gn tld air` ia bnbk/vbcgnbk pdndtrbtgin bnh irbk sdx, wbs tld

kiwdst ia bkk mbtdcirgds ia bfusd bt 4.17%, sbvd fdgnc pliticrbpldh gn tld nuhd,

wlgml wbs bt 8.81%. Xld Vdpirt fkb`ds tld ab`gky air sdxubk bfusd dvdn tliucl nit

b sgnckd mlgkh rdspinhdnt rdpirtdh suml bssbukt fy b pbrdnt ir sgfkgnc. Air aurtldr

hgsmussgin ia sdxubk bfusd fy ab`gky `d`fdrs, sdd tld suf-sdmtgin ]dxubk Bfusd fy

Ab`gky @d`fdrs, fdkiw.

Xld air` ia sdxubk bfusd rdpirtdh gn tld lgcldst pripirtgin wbs vgdwgnc ia

pirnicrbplgm pgmturds, bt =:.66%, wgtlgn wlgml tld ivdrwldk`gnc `boirgty ia

mlgkhrdn (11.2%) rdpirtdh fdgnc sliwn suml pgmturds fy b argdnh ir mkbss`btd.


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Xld sdminh lgcldst air` ia sdxubk bfusd rdpirtdh wbs strbncdrs ruffgnc tldgr prgvbtd

pbrts hurgnc pufkgm trbvdk, wlgml wbs mkisd ti tld pirnicrbply rbtd bt 63.7%.

Bkk itldr (g.d. nit miuntgnc tld ruffgnc hurgnc pufkgm trbvdk air`) air`s ia sdxubk

bfusd gnvikvgnc mintbmt wgtl tld mlgkh, wdrd lbka, ir kdss tlbn lbka, tld rbtds rdpirtdh

air pirnicrbply vgdwgnc, dxmdpt air airmgfkd egssgnc, wlgml wbs bfiut b tlgrhfdkiw. @ird tlbn lbka tld mlgkhrdn rdpirtgnc airmgfkd egssgnc wdrd tddnbcdrs, wgtl tld

`bgn pdrpdtrbtirs fdgnc mkbss adkkiw/unmkd/ndgclfiur.11

Argdnhs bnh mkbss`btds wdrd tld kbrcdst criup ia si-mbkkdh pdrpdtrbtirs gn dbml

air` ia sdxubk bfusd, sbvd ind, sdxubk bssbukt, wldrd tldy wdrd tld sdminh kbrcdst

criup

Xwi tlgncs d`drcd ari` tld bfivd, agrst tlbt tld mkbg`dh sdxubk bfusd rbtds gnmkuhdh tlgncs

tlbt, wlbtdvdr ifodmtgins ind `by lbvd ti tld`, dgtldr hgh nit gnvikvd bn bhukt ir hgh nit

gnvikvd bn bhukt lbvgnc mbrd ia tld mlgkh.

Xld sdminh pignt ti d`drcd ari` tld bfivd hbtb gs tlbt tld ivdrbkk sdxubk bfusd rbtds wdrd

hrgvdn fy mbsds ia sdxubk dnmiuntdrs fdtwddn argdnhs bnh pddrs, vgdwgnc ia pirnicrbply,

bkkdcdhky airmgfkd egssgnc ia tddnbcdrs, pissgfky fy itldr tddnbcdrs (sdd aiitnitd 11), bnh

strbncdrs ruffgnc prgvbtd pbrts hurgnc trbvdk. Gn iur ipgngin, tld inky rdbsin ti mkbssgay tldsd

tlgncs gn bs sdxubk bfusd ia mlgkhrdn gs ti cgvd tld bppdbrbnmd ia pbrdnts bnh itldr

mustihgbns ia tld mlgkh fdgnc kbrcd-smbkd pdrpdtrbtirs ia sdxubk bfusd, dvdn tliucl tld hbtb

sliwdh ni suml tlgnc.

Sli gs tld bfusdr, bmmirhgnc ti tld Vdpirts hbtb

Gn irhdr ti unhdrstbnh oust wlbt tld Vdpirts hbtb sliwdh bfiut bmtubk sdxubk bfusd, g.d.,

sdxubk bfusd fy b rdkbtgvd ir bhukt rdspinsgfkd air tld mlgkh, wd bsedh iursdkvds tlgs qudstgin?

wli gs tld pdrpdtrbtir gn tld vbrgius air`s ia bfusd cgvdn gn tld Vdpirt9

Bktliucl tld Vdpirt cgvds ivdrbkk rbtds air sdxubk bfusd, gt hids nit hi si air pdrpdtrbtirs.

Xld Vdpirt stbtds pdrpdtrbtir-wgsd rbtds inky wgtlgn dbml mbtdciry ia sdxubk bfusd. Xlgs cgvds

tld g`prdssgin ia tld ivdrbkk pdrmdntbcd ia pdrpdtrbtirs fdgnc `uml lgcldr tlbn tldy brd. Air

dxb`pkd, tld Vdpirt sbys tlbt =2% mlgkhrdn rdpirtdh sdxubk bssbukt fy bn unmkd/ndgclfiur. 13

Fut tlgs gs nit b pdrmdntbcd ia tld titbk nu`fdr ia mlgkhrdn survdydh, fut ia tld sufsdt ia

mlgkhrdn wgtlgn tld titbk sb`pkd wli rdpirtdh sdxubk bssbukt. Dxprdssdh bs b pdrmdntbcd ia tldtitbk nu`fdr ia mlgkhrdn survdydh, tld rbtd mi`ds hiwn ti 2.34%. ]i yiu brd kiiegnc bt bn

ivdrbkk rbtd ia 2.34%, wlgml gs prdsdntdh gn tld Vdpirt bs b rbtd ia =2%.

11Zbcd


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Gn irhdr ti fdttdr unhdrstbnh tld pdrpdtrbtir-wgsd agcurds air sdxubk bfusd, wd cgvd fdkiw b

rdwiregnc ia tld pdrpdtrbtir-wgsd pdrmdntbcds dxprdssdh gn dbml mbtdciry ia sdxubk bfusd bs

pdrmdntbcds ia tld titbk nu`fdr ia mlgkhrdn survdydh.

SD HI NIX BNBKW]D XLD ]D\TBK BFT]D AGCTVD] IA XLD

VDZIVX XI @BED BNW MKBG@] B] XI XLD VDBK VBXD] IA

]D\TBK BFT]D GN XLD MITNXVW FDMBT]D SD HI NIX FDKGDQD

XLD HBXB G] VDKGBFKD. SD BVD LDVD @DVDKW BNBKW]GNC XLD

HBXB XI HD@IN]XVBXD LIS GX HID] NIX ]TZZIVX XLD MKBG@]

GN XLD VDZIVX BFITX SGHD]ZVDBH ]D\TBK BFT]D IA

MLGKHVDN GN GNHGBN AB@GKGD].

]dxubk Bssbukt(bnbk/vbcgnbk pdndtrbtgin bnh irbk sdx)

Xitbk?4.17% ia 26,883 mlgkh rdspinhdnts1

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