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Visual Basic

This article is about the Visual Basic language shipping with Microsoft

Visual Studio 6.0 or earlier. For the Visual Basic language shipping with

Microsoft Visual Studio .NET or later, seeVisual Basic .NET.

Some or all of this article's listed sources may not be reliable.Please

help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources, or by

checking whether the references meet the criteria for reliable sources.

Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted. (April 2014)

Visual Basic

Screenshot of the Visual Basic 6 IDE

running onWindows Vista.

Paradigm(s)Object-based and Event-

driven
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Developer Microsoft

Appeared in 1991; 23 years ago

Stable release 6.0 / 1998; 16 years ago

Typing

disciplineStatic,strong

Major

implementationsMicrosoft Visual Studio

Influenced by BASIC

Influenced

Visual Basic .NET,

Gambas, Xojo and

Basic4ppc

OS Microsoft Windows and

MS-DOS

Websitemsdn.microsoft.com/en-

us/vstudio/ms788229.aspx

Visual Basic is a third-generation event-driven programming language and

integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its COM

programming model first released in 1991. Microsoft intended Visual Basic

to be relatively easy to learn and use.[1][2]

Visual Basic was derived from

BASIC and enables the rapid application development (RAD) of graphical

user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data Access
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Objects, Remote Data Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of

ActiveX controls and objects.

A programmer can create an application using the components provided bythe Visual Basic program itself. Over time the community of programmers

have developed new third party components, keeping this programming

language to modern standards.[3][4][5][6][7]

Programs written in Visual Basic can

also use the Windows API, which requires external function declarations.

Furthermore, new third party functions (which are open source) using part

VB6 source code and part embedded machine code, make the Visual Basic6.0 applications faster than those designed in C++.

[3][8]

The final release was version 6 in 1998 (now known simply as Visual Basic).

Though Visual Basic 6.0 IDE is unsupported as of April 8, 2008, the Visual

Basic team is committed to It Just Works compatibility for Visual Basic 6.0

applications on Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 including R2,

Windows 7, and Windows 8.[9]

In 2014 there are hundreds of thousands of

developers who still prefer Visual Basic 6.0 over Visual Basic .NET.[3][10]

Moreover, in recent years both mass media and developers lobbied

aggressively for a new version of Visual Basic 6.0.[11][12][13]

A dialect of Visual Basic, Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), is used as a

macro or scripting language within several Microsoft applications, including

Microsoft Office.[14]
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Contents

1 Language features 2 Characteristics 3 History

o 3.1 Timeline Description 4 Derivative languages 5 Performance and other issues 6 Legacy development and support 7 Example code
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Language features

Like the BASIC programming language, Visual Basic was designed to

accommodate a steep learning curve. Programmers can create both simple

and complex GUI applications. Programming in VB is a combination of

visually arranging components or controls on a form, specifying attributes

and actions for those components, and writing additional lines of code for

more functionality. Since VB defines default attributes and actions for the

components, a programmer can develop a simple program without writing

much code. Programs built with earlier versions suffered performance

problems, but faster computers and native code compilation has made this

less of an issue.

Though VB programs can be compiled into native code executables from

version 5 on, they still require the presence of around 1 MB of runtime

libraries. Runtime libraries are included by default in Windows 2000 and

later. Earlier versions of Windows (95/98/NT), require that the runtime

libraries be distributed with the executable.
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An empty form in Visual Basic 6.

Forms are created using drag-and-drop techniques. A tool is used to place

controls (e.g., text boxes, buttons, etc.) on the form (window). Controls haveattributes and event handlers associated with them. Default values are

provided when the control is created, but may be changed by the

programmer. Many attribute values can be modified during run time based on

user actions or changes in the environment, providing a dynamic application.

For example, code can be inserted into the form resize event handler to

reposition a control so that it remains centered on the form, expands to fill upthe form, etc. By inserting code into the event handler for a keypress in a text

box, the program can automatically translate the case of the text being

entered, or even prevent certain characters from being inserted.

Visual Basic can create executables (EXE files), ActiveX controls,or DLL

files, but is primarily used to develop Windows applications and to interface

database systems. Dialog boxes with less functionality can be used to provide

pop-up capabilities. Controls provide the basic functionality of the

application, while programmers can insert additional logic within the

appropriate event handlers.

For example, a drop-down combination box automatically displays a list.

When the user selects an element, an event handler is called that executes

code that the programmer created to perform the action for that list item.
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Characteristics

The code windows in Visual Basic, showing a Function using the If, Then,

Else and Dim statements.

The following Visual Basic traits differ from C-derived languages:

Statements tend to terminate with keywords, such as "End If", insteadof using "{}"s to group statements.

Multiple variable assignment is not possible. A = B = C does not implythat the values of A, B and C are equal. The boolean result of "Is B =

C?" is stored in A. The result stored in A would therefore be either

false or true.

Boolean constant True has numeric value 1.[15] This is because theBoolean data type is stored as a 16-bit signed integer. In this construct

1 evaluates to 16 binary 1s (the Boolean value True), and 0 as 16 0s

(the Boolean value False). This is apparent when performing a Not

operation on a 16 bit signed integer value 0, which returns the integer

value 1, in other words True = Not False. This inherent

functionality becomes especially useful when performing logical
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operations on the individual bits of an integer such as And, Or, Xorand

Not.[16]

This definition of Trueis also consistent with BASIC since the

early 1970s Microsoft BASIC implementation and is also related to the

characteristics of CPU instructions at the time.

Logical and bitwise operators are unified. This is unlike some C-derived languages (such as Perl), which have separate logical and

bitwise operators. This again is a traditional feature of BASIC.

Variable array base. Arrays are declared by specifying the upper andlower bounds in a way similar toPascal andFortran.It is also possible

to use the Option Base statement to set the default lower bound. Use of

the Option Base statement can lead to confusion when reading Visual

Basic code and is best avoided by always explicitly specifying the

lower bound of the array. This lower bound is not limited to 0 or 1,

because it can also be set by declaration. In this way, both the lower

and upper bounds are programmable. In more subscript-limited

languages, the lower bound of the array is not variable. This uncommon

trait does exist inVisual Basic .NETbut not inVBScript.

OPTION BASE was introduced by ANSI, with the standard for ANSI

Minimal BASIC in the late 1970s.

Relatively strong integration with the Windows operating system andthe Component Object Model.The native types for strings and arrays

are the dedicated COM types, BSTR and SAFEARRAY.
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Banker's rounding as the default behavior when converting realnumbers to integers with the Round function.

[17] ? Round(2.5, 0)

gives 2, ? Round(3.5, 0)gives 4.

Integers are automatically promoted to reals in expressions that involvethe normal division operator (/) so that division of one integer by

another produces the intuitively correct result. VB provides a specific

integer divide operator (\) that does truncate.

By default, if a variable has not been declared or if no type declarationcharacter is specified, the variable is of type Variant. However this

can be changed with Deftype statements such as DefInt, DefBool,

DefVar, DefObj, DefStr. There are 12 Deftype statements in total

offered by Visual Basic 6.0. The default type may be overridden for a

specific declaration by using a special suffix character on the variable

name (# for Double, ! for Single, & for Long, % for Integer, $ for

String, and @ for Currency) or using the key phrase As (type). VB

can also be set in a mode that only explicitly declared variables can be

used with the command Option Explicit.
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History

Alan Cooper created the drag and drop design for the user interface of Visual

Basic.

VB 1.0 was introduced in 1991. The drag and drop design for creating the

user interface is derived from a prototype form generator developed by Alan

Cooper and his company called Tripod. Microsoft contracted with Cooper

and his associates to develop Tripod into a programmable form system for

Windows 3.0, under the code name Ruby (no relation to the Ruby

programming language).

Tripod did not include a programming language at all. Microsoft decided to

combine Ruby with the Basic language to create Visual Basic.
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The Ruby interface generator provided the "visual" part of Visual Basic and

this was combined with the "EB" Embedded BASIC engine designed for

Microsoft's abandoned "Omega" database system. Ruby also provided the

ability to load dynamic link libraries containing additional controls (then

called "gizmos"), which later became theVBX interface.[18]

Timeline Description

Project 'basic Thunder' was initiated in 1990.[19] Visual Basic 1.0 (May 1991) was released for Windows at the

Comdex/Windows World trade show in Atlanta, Georgia.

Visual Basic 1.0 for DOS was released in September 1992. Thelanguage itself was not quite compatible with Visual Basic for

Windows, as it was actually the next version of Microsoft's DOS-based

BASIC compilers,QuickBASIC and BASIC Professional Development

System. The interface used aText user interface,usingextended ASCII

characters to simulate the appearance of aGUI.
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Basic for MS-DOS

VB DOS icon

Visual Basic 2.0 was released in November 1992. The programmingenvironment was easier to use, and its speed was improved. Notably,

forms became instantiable objects, thus laying the foundational

concepts of class modules as were later offered in VB4.

Visual Basic 3.0 was released in the summer of 1993 and came inStandard and Professional versions. VB3 included version 1.1 of the

Microsoft Jet Database Engine that could read and write Jet (or Access)

1.x databases.

Visual Basic 4.0 (August 1995) was the first version that could create32-bit as well as 16-bit Windows programs. It has three editions;

Standard, Professional, and Enterprise. It also introduced the ability to

write non-GUI classes in Visual Basic. Incompatibilities between

different releases of VB4 caused installation and operation problems.

While previous versions of Visual Basic had used VBX controls,

Visual Basic now used OLE controls (with files names ending in

.OCX) instead. These were later to be named ActiveX controls.

With version 5.0 (February 1997), Microsoft released Visual Basicexclusively for 32-bit versions of Windows. Programmers who

preferred to write 16-bit programs were able to import programs
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written in Visual Basic 4.0 to Visual Basic 5.0, and Visual Basic 5.0

programs can easily be converted with Visual Basic 4.0. Visual Basic

5.0 also introduced the ability to create custom user controls, as well as

the ability to compile to native Windows executable code, speeding up

calculation-intensive code execution. A free, downloadable Control

Creation Edition was also released for creation ofActiveX controls.It

was also used as an introductory form of Visual Basic: a regular .exe

project could be created and run in the IDE, but not compiled.

Visual Basic 6.0 (Mid-1998) improved in a number of areas[20]including the ability to create web-based applications. Visual Basic 6.0

has entered Microsoft's "non-supported phase" as of March 2008.

Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 and Windows 7, no longer

support the Visual Basic 6.0 development environment, but still

support the runtime.[21]

Microsoft announced in February 2012 that they

support the runtime in Windows 8.[22]

Mainstream Support for Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 ended on March31, 2005. Extended support ended in March 2008.

[23] In response, the

Visual Basic user community expressed its grave concern and lobbied

users to sign a petition to keep the product alive.[24]

Microsoft has so far

refused to change their position on the matter.[25]

Ironically, around this

time (2005), it was exposed that Microsoft's new anti-spyware offering,

Microsoft AntiSpyware (part of the GIANT Company Software

purchase), was coded in Visual Basic 6.0.[26]

Its replacement, Windows

Defender, was rewritten inC++.[27]
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Derivative languages

Microsoft has developed derivatives of Visual Basic for use in scripting.

Visual Basic itself is derived heavily from BASIC, and subsequently has

been replaced with a.NETplatform version.

Some of the derived languages are:

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is included in many Microsoftapplications (Microsoft Office), and also in many third-party products

like SolidWorks, AutoCAD, WordPerfect Office 2002, ArcGIS, Sage

300 ERP,and Business Objects Desktop Intelligence. There are small

inconsistencies in the way VBA is implemented in different

applications, but it is largely the same language as Visual Basic 6.0 and

uses the same runtime library. Visual Basic development ended with

6.0, but in 2010 Microsoft introduced VBA 7 to provide extended

features and add 64-bit support.[28]

VBScript is the default language for Active Server Pages. It can beused in Windows scripting and client-side web page scripting. It

resembles VB in syntax, but is a separate languageexecuted by

vbscript.dll instead of the VB runtime. ASP and VBScript should not

be confused with ASP.NET, which uses the .NET Framework for

compiled web pages.

Visual Basic .NET is Microsoft's designated successor to Visual Basic6.0, and is part of Microsoft's .NET platform. Visual Basic.Net
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compiles and runs using the .NET Framework. It is not backwards

compatible with Visual Basic 6.0. An automated conversion tool exists,

but fully automated conversion for most projects is impossible.[29]

OpenOffice Basic is a Visual Basic compatible interpreter thatoriginated inStarOffice office suite.

Gambas is a Visual Basic inspiredfree softwareprogramming languagefor the Linux operating system. It is not a clone of Visual Basic, but it

does have the ability to convert Visual Basic programs to Gambas.

WinWrap Basic is a third-party VBA variant used with varioussoftware, and available for programmers to use to build a macro facility

into their programmes.

LotusScript is a VBA variant available in Lotus SmartSuite and LotusNotes.

Later versions of Corel WordPerfect Office implement access to VBAas one of the macro/scripting languages, the other major ones being

CorelScript andPerfectScript

Earlier versions ofMicrosoft Word use a variant of Visual Basic calledWordBasic
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Performance and other issues

Earlier versions of Visual Basic (prior to version 5) compiled the code to P-

Code only. The P-Code is interpreted by the language runtime. The benefits

of P-Code include portability and smaller binary file sizes, but it usually

slows down the execution, since having a runtime adds an additional layer of

interpretation.

Visual Basic applications require Microsoft Visual Basic runtime

MSVBVMxx.DLL, where xx is the relevant version number, either 50 or 60.MSVBVM60.dll comes as standard with Windows in all editions after

Windows 98 while MSVBVM50.dll comes with all editions after Windows

95. A Windows 95 machine would however require inclusion with the

installer of whichever dll was needed by the program.

Visual Basic 5 and 6 can compile code to either native or P-Code but in either

case the runtime is still required for built in functions and forms management.

Criticisms levelled at Visual Basic editions prior to VB.NET include:[30]

Versioning problems associated with various runtime DLLs, known asDLL hell

Poor support forobject-oriented programming[31] Inability to create multi-threaded applications, without resorting to

Windows API calls
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Variant types have a greater performance and storage overhead thanstrongly typed programming languages

Dependency on complex and fragileCOM Registry entries[32] The development environment is no longer supported by Microsoft.

Legacy development and support

All versions of the Visual Basic development environment from 1.0 to 6.0 are

now retired and unsupported by Microsoft. The associated runtime

environments are also unsupported, except for the Visual Basic 6 coreruntime environment, which Microsoft officially supports for the lifetime of

Windows 8.[33]

Third party components that shipped with Visual Studio 6.0

are not included in this support statement. Some legacy Visual Basic

components may still work on newer platforms, despite being unsupported by

Microsoft and other vendors.

Development and maintenance development for Visual Basic 6 is possible on

legacy Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 2003 usingVisual Studio

6.0 platforms, but is unsupported. Documentation for Visual Basic 6.0, its

application programming interface and tools is best covered in the last

MSDN release before Visual Studio.NET 2002. Later releases of MSDN

focused on .NET development and had significant parts of the Visual Basic

6.0 programming documentation removed. The Visual Basic IDE can be

installed and used on Windows Vista, 7 and 8, where it exhibits some minor

incompatibilities that do not hinder normal software development and
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Visual Basic .NET

Microsoft Visual Studio 2012, an integrated

development environment for Visual Basic

.NET.

Paradigm(s)

Multi-paradigm:

structured, imperative,

object-oriented,

declarative, generic,

reflective andevent-driven

Designed by Microsoft

Developer Microsoft

Appeared in 2001
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Contents

1 Syntaxo 1.1 Exampleso 1.2 Comparison with the classic Visual Basic

1.2.1 Comparative examples 2 Versions

o 2.1 2002 (VB 7.0)o 2.2 2003 (VB 7.1)o 2.3 2005 (VB 8.0)o 2.4 2008 (VB 9.0)o 2.5 2010 (VB 10.0)o 2.6 2012 (VB 11.0)o 2.7 2013 (VB 12.0)

3 Cross-platform and open-source development
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Syntax

This section requiresexpansion.(April 2014)

VB.NET has the following syntax:

Statements can terminate with keywords such as "End If", instead of using"{}"s to group statements.

Statements can also be terminated with a new line, instead of semicolons. Variables are both assigned and compared using anequals sign. Round brackets are used with arrays, both to declare them and to get a

value at a given index in one of them.

Examples

The following is a very simple VB.NET program, a version of the classic

"Hello world" example created as a console application:

Module Module1

Sub Main()

Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!")

End Sub

End Module
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The effect is to write the text Hello, world! to the command line. Each line

serves a specific purpose, as follows:

Module Module1

This is a module definition, a division of code similar to a class, although

modules can contain classes. Modules serve as containers of code that can be

referenced from other parts of a program.[2]

It is common practice for a module and the code file, which contains it, to

have the same name; however, this is not required, as a single code file may

contain more than one module and/or class definition.

Sub Main()

This is the entry point where the program begins execution.[3]

Sub is an

abbreviation of "subroutine."

Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!")

This line performs the actual task of writing the output. Consoleis a system

object, representing a command-line interface and granting programmatic

access to the operating system's standard streams. The program calls the

Console method WriteLine, which causes the string passed to it to be

displayed on the console. Another common method is using MsgBox (a

Message Box).[4]

This piece of code is a solution toFloyd's Triangle:
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Imports System.Console

Module Program

Sub Main()

Dim rows As Integer

' Input validation.

Do Until Integer.TryParse(ReadLine("Enter a value

for how many rows to be displayed: "),

rows) AndAlso rows >= 1WriteLine("Allowed range is 1 and {0}",

Integer.MaxValue)

Loop

' Output of Floyd's Triangle

Dim current = 1

For row = 1 To rows

For column = 1 To row

Write("{0,-2} ", current)

current += 1

Next

WriteLine()

Next

End Sub


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'''

''' Shadows Console.ReadLine with a version which takes

a prompt string.

''' Function ReadLine(Optional prompt As String = Nothing)

As String

If prompt IsNot Nothing Then

Write(prompt)

End If

Return Console.ReadLine()End Function

End Module

Comparison with the classic Visual Basic

Main article:Comparison of Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET

Whether Visual Basic .NET should be considered as just another version of

Visual Basic or a completely different language is a topic of debate. There

are new additions to support new features, such as structured exception

handling and short-circuited expressions. Also, two important data-type

changes occurred with the move to VB.NET: compared to VB6, the Integer

data type has been doubled in length from 16 bits to 32 bits, and the Long

data type has been doubled in length from 32 bits to 64 bits. This is true for

all versions of VB.NET. A 16-bit integer in all versions of VB.NET is now
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known as a Short. Similarly, the Windows FormsGUI editor is very similar

in style and function to the Visual Basic form editor.

The things that havechanged significantly are the semanticsfrom those ofan object-based programming language running on adeterministic,reference-

counted engine based onCOM to a fully object-oriented language backed by

the .NET Framework, which consists of a combination of the Common

Language Runtime (a virtual machine using generational garbage collection

and a just-in-time compilation engine) and a far larger class library. The

increased breadth of the latter is also a problem that VB developers have todeal with when coming to the language, although this is somewhat addressed

by theMyfeature in Visual Studio 2005.

The changes have altered many underlying assumptions about the "right"

thing to do with respect to performance and maintainability. Some functions

and libraries no longer exist; others are available, but not as efficient as the

"native" .NET alternatives. Even if they compile, most converted VB6

applications will require some level of refactoring to take full advantage of

the new language. Documentation is available to cover changes in the syntax,

debugging applications, deployment and terminology.[5]

Comparative examples

The following simple examples compare VB and VB.NET syntax. Each

example creates a "Hello, World" message box with an OK button.

VB6:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Formshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterministichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_countinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_countinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_Object_Modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-orientedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Runtimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Runtimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection_%28computer_science%29#Generational_GC_.28aka_Ephemeral_GC.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refactoringhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dv_vstechart/html/vbtchperfopt.asphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-5http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dv_vstechart/html/vbtchperfopt.asphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refactoringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection_%28computer_science%29#Generational_GC_.28aka_Ephemeral_GC.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Runtimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Runtimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-orientedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_Object_Modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_countinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_countinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterministichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Forms


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Private Sub Command1_Click()

MsgBox "Hello, World"

End Sub

VB.NET (MsgBox or MessageBox class can be used):

Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

MessageBox.Show("Hello, World")

End Sub

Both Visual Basic 6 and Visual Basic .NET automatically generate the Suband End Sub statements when the corresponding button is clicked in

design view. Visual Basic .NET will also generate the necessary Classand

End Class statements. The developer need only add the statement to

display the "Hello, World" message box.

All procedure calls must be made with parentheses in VB.NET, whereas inVB6 there were different conventions for functions (parentheses required)

and subs (no parentheses allowed, unless called using the keywordCall).

The names Command1 and Button1 are not obligatory. However, theseare default names for a command button in VB6 and VB.NET respectively.

In VB.NET, the Handles keyword is used to make the subButton1_Clicka handler for the Clickevent of the object Button1. In

VB6, event handler subs must have a specific name consisting of the

object's name ("Command1"), an underscore ("_"), and the event's name

("Click", hence "Command1_Click").


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There is a function called MsgBox in the Microsoft.VisualBasicnamespace which can be used similarly to the corresponding function in

VB6. There is a controversy about which function to use as a best practice

(not only restricted to showing message boxes but also regarding other

features of the Microsoft.VisualBasic namespace). Some

programmers prefer to do things "the .NET way", since the Framework

classes have more features and are less language-specific. Others argue

that using language-specific features makes code more readable (for

example, using int(C#) or Integer(VB.NET) instead of System.Int32).

In VB 2008, the inclusion of ByVal sender as Object, ByVal e asEventArgshas become optional.

The following example demonstrates a difference between VB6 and

VB.NET. Both examples close theactive window.

VB6:

Sub cmdClose_Click()

Unload Me

End Sub

VB.NET:

Sub btnClose_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As

EventArgs) Handles btnClose.Click

Me.Close()

End Sub
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_windowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_window


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The 'cmd' prefix is replaced by the 'btn' prefix, conforming to the new

convention previously mentioned.

Visual Basic 6 did not provide common operator shortcuts. The following areequivalent:

VB6:

Sub Timer1_Timer()

Me.Height = Me.Height - 1

End Sub

VB.NET:

Sub Timer1_Tick(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As

EventArgs) Handles Timer1.Tick

Me.Height -= 1

End Sub

Versions

Succeeding the classic Visual Basic version 6.0, the first version of Visual

Basic .NET debuted in 2002. As of 2014, seven versions of Visual Basic

.NET are released.

2002 (VB 7.0)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic


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The first version, Visual Basic .NET, relies on .NET Framework 1.0. The

most important feature is managed code, which contrasts with the classic

Visual Basic.

2003 (VB 7.1)

Visual Basic .NET 2003 was released with .NET Framework 1.1. New

features included support for the.NET Compact Framework and a better VB

upgrade wizard. Improvements were also made to the performance and

reliability of .NET IDE (particularly the background compiler)and runtime.

In addition, Visual Basic .NET 2003 was available in the Visual Studio.NET

Academic Edition, distributed to a certain number of scholars[weasel words]

from

each country without cost.

2005 (VB 8.0)

After Visual Basic .NET 2003, Microsoft dropped ".NET" from the name ofthe product, calling the next version Visual Basic 2005.

For this release, Microsoft added many features intended to reinforce Visual

Basic .NET's focus as a rapid application development platform and further

differentiate it fromC#., including:

Edit and Continuefeature[further explanation needed]

Design-time expression evaluation[further explanation needed] A pseudo-namespace called "My", which provides:[6][7]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework_version_history#.NET_Framework_1.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework_1.1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Compact_Frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wizard_%28software%29http://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/05/06/AdvancedBasics/default.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_application_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_%28programming_language%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namespacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namespacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_%28programming_language%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_application_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_wordshttp://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/05/06/AdvancedBasics/default.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wizard_%28software%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Compact_Frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework_1.1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework_version_history#.NET_Framework_1.0


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o Easy access to certain areas of the .NET Framework that otherwiserequire significant code to access

[example needed]

o Dynamically generated classes (e.g. My.Forms)[further explanation needed] Improved VB-to-VB.NET converter[8] A "using" keyword, simplifying the use of objects that require the Dispose

pattern to free resources

Just My Codefeature, which hides (steps over)boilerplate code written bythe Visual Studio .NET IDE and system library code during debugging

Data Source binding, easingdatabase client/server development

To bridge the gaps between itself and other .NET languages, this version

added:

Generics[9] Partial classes,a method of defining some parts of a class in one file and

then adding more definitions later; particularly useful for integrating user

code with auto-generated code

Operator overloading andnullable types[10] Support forunsigned integer data types commonly used in other languages

Visual Basic 2005 introduced the IsNotoperator that makes 'If X IsNot

Y'equivalent to 'If Not X Is Y'. It gained notoriety[11]

when it was found

to be the subject of a Microsoft patent application.[12][13]

2008 (VB 9.0)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_pattern_%28computer_science%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerplate_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_programminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_programminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_programminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_classeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_overloadinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullable_typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullable_typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullable_typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_%28computer_science%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_%28computer_science%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullable_typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullable_typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_overloadinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_classeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_programminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_programminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerplate_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_pattern_%28computer_science%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE


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Visual Basic 9.0 was released along with .NET Framework 3.5 on 19

November 2007.

For this release, Microsoft added many features, including:

A true conditional operator,"If(condition as boolean, truepart, falsepart)",to replace the "IIf" function.

Anonymous types Support forLINQ Lambda expressions XML Literals Type Inference Extension methods

2010 (VB 10.0)

In April 2010, Microsoft released Visual Basic 2010. Microsoft had planned

to useDynamic Language Runtime (DLR) for that release[14]

but shifted to a

co-evolution strategy between Visual Basic and sister language C# to bring

both languages into closer parity with one another. Visual Basic's innate

ability to interact dynamically with CLR and COM objects has been

enhanced to work with dynamic languages built on the DLR such as

IronPython and IronRuby.[15]

The Visual Basic compiler was improved to

infer line continuation in a set of common contexts, in many cases removing

the need for the "_" line continuation character. Also, existing support of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework_3.5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_operatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous_typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_Integrated_Queryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous_functionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Literalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_inferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extension_methodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Language_Runtimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IronPythonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IronRubyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IronRubyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IronPythonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Language_Runtimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extension_methodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_inferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Literalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous_functionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_Integrated_Queryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous_typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_operatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework_3.5


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inline Functions was complemented with support for inline Subs as well as

multi-line versions of both Sub and Function lambdas.[16]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET#cite_note-16

Documents

Saurabh Shrivastava