Introduction HAAC Processes Wave Types Headlands and Bays
Wave-cut notches + Wave-cut platforms Stacks and stumps Long Shore
Drift Spit, Bars and Tombolos Erosion Rate Chart Glossary
Bibliography Contents
Slide 4
I like trains and bum Introduction To Coasts.
Slide 5
The Marine Processes (HAAC Processes) are the processes
performed by the waves that erode the coast. These Processes
are:Marine Processes Hydraulic Action This is where the shear force
of the waves get into cracks in rock and break it away. Attrition
This is where rocks in the waves hit against each over making
smaller, rounder rocks. Abrasion This is where rocks are thrown at
the cliff when the waves break. Corrosion (solution) This is where
chemicals in the water react with minerals in the rock, breaking
down the rock. The Marine Processes (HAAC)
Slide 6
Constructive Waves: Constructive waves Constructive waves build
up the beach by bringing material onto the beach. They have a
strong swash and a weak backwash.swashbackwash Wave Types
Slide 7
Destructive Wave: Destructive waves Destructive waves take
material off the beach. They have a weaker swash but a strong
backwash. swashbackwash Wave Types
Slide 8
A headland is a large piece of rock that sticks out
perpendicular to the coast. They are usually formed when bays are
formed, by differential erosion.headlandbaysdifferential erosion
Differential erosion Differential erosion is where rocks erode at
different rates. When there is soft rock in the middle of harder
rocks, the soft rocks erode quicker, forming a bay, and two
headlands. Headlands form on discordant
coastlines.bayheadlandsHeadlandsdiscordant coastlines Headlands And
Bays
Slide 9
Wave-cut notchesWave-cut notches and platforms are features
that form on hard rock coastlines. They are formed by the Marine
(HAAC) processes.Marine (HAAC) processes Wave-cut Notch Wave-cut
notches Wave-cut notches are formed when the cliff is eroded
between high and low tide levels. The erosion leaves an indentation
at the base of the cliff. This is a wave-cut notch. wave-cut notch
Wave-cut Platform Wave-cut platforms Wave-cut platforms are formed
when the cliff again erodes between high and low tide level making
a wave-cut notch. Then, because the base is weak, the cliff on top
collapses and the debris is taking away. This happens again until
the cliff has receded (cliff recession) leaving a hard rock
platform.wave-cut notchcliff recession Wave - Cut Notches And
Platforms
Slide 10
Stacks And Stumps StacksStacks and stumps are features that
form on hard rock, discordant coastlines. The process starts when
there are faults (cracks) in a headland. These cracks are then
widened and eroded by sub aerial processes, like freeze thaw
weathering, and marine processes. Eventually a cave is made. These
caves are then eroded by the marine processes until it Is eroded
all the way through. This creates a arch. Next, the roof of the
arch is eroded by sub aerial processes. This causes the roof to
collapse. This leaves a stack. Once the stack is eroded, it falls
over and a stump is left.stumps, discordant
coastlinesfaultsheadlandsub aerial processeslike freeze thaw
weatheringmarine processes sub aerial processesstack stump
Slide 11
Long shore drift Long shore drift is the process where material
is moved up or down the beach. This causes one end of a beach to
have lots of sand, while the other has little. Long shore drift
causes other problems. For example, when the beach has little sand,
the waves break further up the beach. This means cliffs are eroded
faster.Long shore drift Long shore drift Long shore drift starts
with the prevailing wind. This makes the swash angled. Then, due to
gravity, the backwash is straight. This creates a zig zag motion.
Because of this motion, material moves diagonal up the beach then
straight down. This is repeated. Eventually material that started
at one end of a beach, will end up at the other.prevailing
windswashbackwash Long shore Drift Start End
Slide 12
SpitsSpits, bars and Tombolos are depositional features that
are created due to Long Shore Drift. They form when the coastline
changes direction.barsTombolosdepositional features Long Shore
Drift Spits, Bars and Tombolos
Slide 13
Erosion Rate Chart
Slide 14
Series 1Series 2Series 3 Scarborough4.32.42 Happisburgh2.54.42
Sea Palling3.51.83 Dorset4.52.85 Holderness43.95.4
Slide 15
Ben Stockdales BS Geography
Slide 16
Marine Processes: Erosional processes that occur in the water.
(HAAC Processes) Constructive Wave: Waves that take material on to
the beach. Destructive wave: Waves that take material off the
beach. Swash: When the water comes on to the beach. Backwash: When
he water runs back into the sea. Headlands: Large pieces of large
rock that stick out perpendicular to the sea. Bays: A gap
in-between two headlands where differential erosion has occurred.
Differential Erosion: Where rocks erode at different rates.
Discordant Coastline: Where rocks are perpendicular to the coast.
Wave-cut Notch: An indentation at the base of a cliff, cause by
HAAC Processes. Wave-cut Platform: A rock platform left after cliff
recession. Cliff Recession: Where cliffs move back as they get
eroded. Stacks: A erosional feature created off a headland. Stump:
A erosional feature created off a headland. Faults: Cracks in a
rock. Sub aerial Processes: Processes that attack the top of the
cliff. Long Shore drift: The process that moves material down the
beach. Prevailing Wind: The dominant wind direction. Glossary