satluj valley detail

8/17/2019 satluj valley detail

1/70

H.P

River map


2/70

KINNAU

R(satlujriver

route).


3/70

Contents-1. River map and layout o !innaur

". Introdu#tion o t$e distri#t %it$ an overvie% around Satluj river.

•. History•. Climate

•. &eo'rap$y

•. Population rate'ro%t$density

•. itera#y rate

•. *lora and auna

•. Culturetraditiono##upation

•. +eans o ,ransportation around Sutlej river.

. Housin' pattern o villa'es around Sutlej river.

•. Planselevationse#tion.

•.Constru#tion styleste#$niues-*oundation/ 0all #ons. Roo #ons. +aterials used /*loorin'/ site plan

•. ,emple

•. Constru#tion styleste#$niues

-*oundation/ 0all #ons. Roo #ons. +aterials used /*loorin'/ site plan

•. +onastery

-*oundation/ 0all #ons. Roo #ons. +aterials used /*loorin'/ site plan


4/70

• Kinnaur / surrounded y t$e ,ietto t$e east/ is in t$e nort$east #orner

o Hima#$al Prades$/ aout "2 !m(145 mi) rom t$e state #apital/6$imla. It $as t$ree $i'$ mountainsran'es/ namely/ 7ans!ar/ Himalayas and 8$auld$ar t$at en#lose valleyso 6utlej/ 6piti/ 9aspa and t$eir

triutaries.• ,$e slopes are #overed %it$ t$i#!

%ood/ or#$ards/ :elds andpi#turesue $amlets. ,$e mu#$reli'ious 6$ivlin' lies at t$e pea! oKinnaur Kailas$ mountain.

• ,$e distri#t %as opened or t$eoutsiders in 1;;


5/70

• Climate

• Hindustan-,iet Hi'$%ay in Kinnaur

• +ost o Kinnaur enjoys a temperate #limate due to its

$i'$ elevation/ %it$ lon' %inters rom =#toer to +ay/and s$ort summers rom >une to 6eptemer. ,$e lo%erparts o t$e 6utlej ?alley and t$e 9aspa ?alley re#eivemonsoon rains. ,$e upper areas o t$e valleys allmainly in t$e rain-s$ado% area. ,$ese areas are#onsidered to e arid re'ions/ similar to t$e #limate o

,iet. Central Asian lands#ape are #ommon.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet


6/70

A mountainous area/ ran'in' in altitude rom"/"@ to 5/;15 metres (/51" to ""/5" t)/Kinnaur is one o t$e smallest distri#ts in India ypopulation. It is amous or t$e Kinnaur Kailas$/ a

mountain sa#red to Hindus/ #lose to t$e ,ietan order.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinnaur_Kailashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinnaur_Kailashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinnaur_Kailashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinnaur_Kailashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinnaur_Kailashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India


7/70

• Kinnaur 8istri#t B Census "@11 data

Kinnaur District Population 2011

In "@11/ Kinnaur $ad population o;4/1"1 o %$i#$ male and emale %ere

45/"4< and /;" respe#tively. In"@@1 #ensus/ Kinnaur $ad a populationo ;/4 o %$i#$ males %ere 4"/1and remainin' 5/151 %ere emales.

Kinnaur 8istri#t population #onstituted1." per#ent o total +a$aras$tra

population. In "@@1 #ensus/ t$is :'ureor Kinnaur 8istri#t %as at 1."< per#ent

o +a$aras$tra population.

Kinnaur District Population GrowthRate

• ,$ere %as #$an'e o .< per#ent int$e population #ompared to populationas per "@@1. In t$e previous #ensus oIndia "@@1/ Kinnaur 8istri#t re#orded

in#rease o


8/70

Kinnaur Literacy Rate 2011

• Avera'e litera#y rate o Kinnaurin "@11 %ere ;@.@@ #omparedto 2."@ o "@@1.

• I t$in's are loo!ed out at'ender %ise/ male and emalelitera#y %ere ;." and @.


9/70

• Satluj ,$is is t$e prin#ipal river o Kinnaur almost dividin' t$e distri#t into t%o parts.

• It runs %it$in t$e Himalayan mountains or aout 42@ !ilometers and t$e :rst part o its #ourse is %est-nort$-%est.

• 0$en it enters Kinnaur/ it 'enerally ta!es sout$-%esterly dire#tion. 0it$in t$e 8istri#t t$e len't$ isaout 1@ !m. Its sour#e is supposed to e at a 'reat elevation on t$e sout$ern a#e o t$e Kailas$

ran'e %$en#e it o%s into t$e sa#red la!e Ra%an Hard.• As ar as t$e villa'e o K$a it is almost a raDin' torrent. At K$a it re#eives t$e 6piti river %$ere t$e

ed o stream is still aove "/2;< m $i'$ rom t$e mean sea level.

• ,$e 6atluj des#ends rom aout /@2@ m (t$e point o its entran#e in t$e distri#t)/ to 1/""@ m at C$aurao%in' almost t$e %$ole %ay et%een narro% #liEs and t$ereore/ t$ere is no open 'round %ort$des#riin' all alon' its an!.

• ,$e %ater o t$e river is more or less dis#oloured.Cultivated :elds in terra#es are 'enerally at#onsiderale $ei'$t rom its an!s and t$us immune rom t$e turidity o %ater %$i#$ lar'est in >une/

>uly and Au'ust.• ,$e avera'e dis#$ar'e is aout "/@@@ #use#s durin' t$e %inter and 1@@/@@@ #use# durin' >une->uly.

• ,$e triutaries o t$e 6atluj in t$is distri#t are t$e 6piti/ t$e Ropa/ t$e ,aiti/ t$e Kas$an'/ t$e +ul'oon/t$e Fula/ t$e 0an'er/ t$e 6$oran' and t$e Rupi on t$e ri'$t an! and t$e ,irun'/ t$e &yant$in'/ t$e9aspa/ t$e 8ulin' and t$e 6oldin' runnin' on t$e let an!.


10/70

*lora and auna• Portions o Kinnaur are situated $i'$

in t$e Himalaya/ %$ere ve'etation issparse and #onsists primarily o$ardy 'rasses. Alpine spe#ies su#$as juniper/ pine/ :r/ #ypress/ andr$ododendron #an e ound at

elevations et%een /2@@ and 2/@@@metres/ primarily in +iddle Kinnaur.At lo%er altitudes/ temperate-#limate trees are ound/ in#ludin'oa!/#$estnut/ maple/ ir#$/ alder/ma'nolia/ apple/ and apri#ot.

• Fa!s and dDos are reared y lo#alarmers in t$e $i'$er areas.6#attered populations o t$eHimalayan la#! ear and smallponies may also e ound.

Apri#ot *lo%er lo#ally !no% asG#$ullG.o#ally it is amous or =It$at is etra#ted rom its seeds/t$eamous dis$ o GC$ull *antin'G and

%ine made rom its ruit.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupressushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhododendronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chestnuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apricothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_black_bearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_black_bearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apricothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chestnuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhododendronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupressushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalaya


11/70

9$aram Kamal B

o#ally #alledG8on'urG.Its 'ro%sat a $ei'$t o 42@@

+.

9u#!%$eatB o#ally#alled =ol'a&as$an'

and is used to ma!edosa li!e pan #a!es. Itnot a #ereal and

t$ereore it ta!e as asustitute to ood

durin' t$e astin' in

Nort$ern India. In Nort$India its #alled GKuttuG

Royal apples


12/70

6$eep ein' t$e lo#alanimal is one o t$esour#e o t$eir in#ome

Kinnauri Himalyan &oat


13/70

The People • ,$e present day t$e Kinnauras do not #onstitute a $omo'enous 'roup and display si'ni:#ant

territorial and et$ni# diversity. *or a etter understandin' o et$ni# and #ultural distriution/ t$eKinnaur 8istri#t may e #lassi:ed into t$ree territorial units.

o%er Kinnaur #omprise area et%een C$ora at t$e oundary o t$e Kinnaur 8istri#t %it$

Rampur 9us$a$r and Kalpa in#ludin' Ni#$ar and 6an'la valleys. ,$e people o o%er Kinnaur areprimarily o t$e +editerranean p$ysi#al type. It is di#ult to distin'uis$ t$em rom t$e peopleresidin' in t$e adjoinin' 6$imla 8istri#t %it$ %$om t$ey $ave some anity. ,$e people o lo%erKinnaur are mostly Hindus t$ou'$ t$e et$no-$istori#al a#tors $ave resulted in some 9udd$istinuen#e.

,$e middle Kinnaur is t$e area et%een Kalpa and Kanam in#ludin' +ooran' te$sil ,$e people

o middle Kinnaur are o mied ra#ial strain. 6ome $ave mar!ed +on'oloid and ot$ers mar!ed+editerranean eatures. In some #ases t$ere is an admiture o t$e aove t%o in varyin'de'rees. ,$e in$aitants are 9udd$ist as %ell as Hindus. +any people $ave ait$ in ot$ t$ereli'ions. ,$e upper Kinnaur #omprises o remainin' nort$-eastern part o t$e distri#t i.e. t$earea et%een Pooh and an!ran! "alley e#tendin! upto international $order withTi$et%


14/70

Culture

,$e Kinnauris $ave a stron' #ulture and ollo% a uniue lend o 9udd$ism and Hinduism. It is elievedt$at t$e Pandavas #ame and resided in t$is land %$ile in t$e eile. In an#ient myt$olo'y/ t$e people oKinnaur are !no%n as Kinners/ t$e $al%ay et%een men and 'ods. ,$ousand year old monasteries still

eist in t$is area. Ja#$ villa'e temple $as its o%n deities %$om t$e people o t$e villa'e #ommuni#ate %it$and several de#isions in day to day lie o t$e villa'ers are ta!en %it$ t$eir #onsent.

• ,$e people o distri#t dress mostly %oolen #lot$es. ,$ere #lot$in' is %ell suited to t$e #limate and isartisti# too in its o%n distin#tive %ay.

Head dressB o men and %omen is a round %oolen #ap #alled t$epan' in t$e lo#al diale#t. It is 'enerally oli'$t 'rey or o %$ite #olour %it$ a #olour velvet and on t$e outer old. 9and o 'reen #olour is most li!ed.

Crimson lue/ yello% et#. may also e %orn.+en %ear %oolen s$irts #alled #$amn Kurti made o %oolen #lot$ and tailored in t$e villa'e. Anot$er type

o dress %$i#$ t$e men %ear is C$$ua. It is lon' %oolen #oat some%$at resemlin' an A#$!an. Asleeveless %oolen ja#!et %orn outside t$e C$$ua. +en %ear %oolen #$urid$ar pajama.

• 0omen %rap up a %oolen s$a%l li!e 'arment #alled do$ru. ,$e :rst %rap o do$ru is on t$e a#! %it$

emridered order displayed t$rou'$out its len't$ up to t$e $eels. 8ar!er s$ades o #olours are preerredor do$ru. 9esides eautiul #oloured s$a%ls are also %orn y t$em over t$eir s$oulders. C$oli a sort o ull

sleeves louse is %orn y t$e %omen. 6ome o t$em $ave de#orative linin' also. Ho%ever/ no% a days%earin' o #ottonsynt$eti# sal%ar/ !ameeD/ pants and s$irts $ave e#ome popular amon' t$e youn'

Kinnauras


15/70

• In !innauras ,$e &reen Cap is t$eidentity o ein' Kinnauri/ all most

all t$e men and %omen elon'in' toKinnaur %ears t$e &reen Cap. ,$ereis spe#ial and epensive dress %$i#$

Kinnauri %omen %ears in all t$eun#tions. ,$is dress in#ludes t$etradional ornaments and je%elleryand %oolen s$a%ls as seen in t$e

ima'e elo%/ e#ept t$is t$e'arlands o o%ers and dry ruits(mainly #$il'oja and almonds) are

also presented to t$e 'uests.


16/70

Kinnauri ride

0el#omin' 'uest


17/70

Li&estyle•&enerally/ Kinner $ouses $ave storerooms or!eepin' 'rain and dried ruits/ and separate

%ooden 'rain-stora'e stru#tures/#alledkathar . Pakpa/ a pie#e o s$eeps!in orya!s!in/ is oten pla#ed on t$e !$ayar#$a mat.• ,raditionally Kinners use utensils made o rassand ronDe. +odern inuen#es $ave in#luded t$eintrodu#tion o C$inese #ro#!ery/ and utensilsmade o stainless steel and aluminium.

•Clot$es are mainly o %ool. ,$e thepang/ a 'rey%oollen #ap/ is %orn %it$ a %$ite velvet and.• ,$e ,ietan chhuba/ a lon' %oollen #oat %$i#$resemles an achkan/ is %orn as %ell/ %it$ asleeveless %oollen ja#!et. 0$ile men %ear%oollen churidhar pajamas/ and tailored %oollen

s$irts su#$ as t$e chamn kurti/ t$e %omen %rapt$emselves up in a dohru.• ,$e Kinners are #lassi:ed mainly into t%o#astesB lo%er and upper #aste. A'ain ot$ ot$ese #ate'ories are divided into su #lasses. ,$e#aste system is more prevalent in t$e o%er and+iddle Kinnaur re'ions.

*arm %or!er %earin' traditionalKinnaur #ap %it$ ri'$t 'reen ap.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dried_fruithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dried_fruit


18/70

an'ua'es

• 9ot$ re'ional as %ell as so#ial diEeren#e $ave inuen#e on t$e lin'uisti##limate o t$e re'ion. A typi#al villa'e is a miture o Rajput/

9la#!smit$s and Carpenters/ and all t$ree spea!s separate lan'ua'es. ,$e re'ional diEeren#e in lan'ua'e is spe#ta#ular - out o t$e total nine

lan'ua'es spo!en in t$e distri#t/ si are re'ional diEeren#es and t%oare so#ial varieties.

• 6even out o nine lan'ua'es elon' to ,ieto-9urman lan'ua'e amily%$ereas t$e t%o #aste lan'ua'es elon' to Indo-Aryan lan'ua'e amily.

• All o t$ese lan'ua'es are predominantly used in t$e #ommuni#ation at$ome. It is uite #ommon to $ear t$e people spea!in' in t$eir o%n

lan'ua'e even in Re#!on' Peo/ t$e distri#t $eaduarters.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reckong_Peohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reckong_Peohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reckong_Peohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reckong_Peohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reckong_Peohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages


19/70

,ransportation t$rou'$ trolly%$ere uses and ot$er ve$i#les#ant move


20/70

• ,$e $ousin' pattern o upper Kinnaur is

diEerent rom t$at o lo%er Kinnaur.•In t$e lo%er Kinnaur t$e $ouses are t%ostoreyed and uilt o stone and %ood.

,$ese are eit$er slated roos or $avin'at roos made o layers o $ojpatra(tree ar!) #overed %it$ eart$. ,$e door

are oten oldin' and open in%ards.•In upper Kinnaur t$e $ouses are usuallyuilt o stone. ,$ese are at rooed and#overed %it$ eart$. ,$ey are ill-uilt ona##ount o t$e s#ar#ity o %ood. ,$e$ouses are t%o storeyed and doors aresmall. ,$e 'round oor is used as #attles$ed and upper storey or livin'purposes. ,$e siDe and plint$ area o t$e$ouse depends upon t$e site availaleor #onstru#tion. ,$e $ouses are %$ite

%as$ed in lo%er as %ell as upperKinnaur. 9esides t$ese traditional

H=U6IN& PA,,JRN

Coni#al top


21/70


22/70

0ooden support

roo

=uter 6tair#ase or t$e :rstoor

Rised plint$


23/70

An old story House inKinnaur

t$e $ouse rame is madeo $u'e %ooden lo's/ Mstone ormation/!no% asGKat$-KuniG .,$e %alls areplastered %it$ #lay (lo#ally#alled 6HA-KAA+) mied%it$ #o% dun'/ and t$eempty spa#e trapped

et%een t$e %all a#t asinsulator / !eepin' t$e

$ouse #oDy in %inters andpreventin' rom ein' $ot

in summers.

,$eir roos are made ospe#ial type o 6tone slateand #an ear any !ind o

%eat$er #ondition6u#$ $omes lasts or

#enturies.

+ud %all0ooden lo'

0oodenpanels


24/70

Kat$ !unni #onstru#tion %all


25/70

Jntran#e 'ate in t$ee'innin' o t$e $ouse

Hea'onal roo#overed %it$ lo#ally

availale materialslate


26/70

Co%

s$ed


27/70

Kit#$en vie% o a typi#al !innauri $ouse

Usually t$e $ouse$olds$ave some %ooden #$est

or !eepin' 'rain and driedruits. In addition most ot$e $ouses $ave separate

%ooden 'rain stora'estru#tures lo#ally #alled

OKat$arO. K$ayar#$a is a mat

used or sittin' purposes/%$i#$ is made o 'oats $air.

Pa!pa %$i#$ is s!in os$eep or 'oat or some %ildanimal as oten pla#ed on

!$ayar#$a or sittin'.

,raditionally t$e peopleused to use utensils made

o rass/ ronDe andaluminum. Ho%ever/ no% a

days %it$ t$e in#reasedoutside #onta#t t$ey areast adoptin' t$e #$ina


28/70

• ,$e 9udd$ist

temples romt$e 1"t$ #enturyat Na!o/ in t$e

Kinnaur re'iono Hima#$alPrades$ L


29/70


30/70

,$is is an impressive modern9udd$ist edi:#e. Net to t$emonastery is a 1@ meterstatue o t$e standin'9udd$a/ %$i#$ is visile roma #onsiderale distan#e.

,$e monastery o+a$aod$i so#iety%as #onstru#tedspe#ially or t$e

8alai ama toperorm t$eKala#$a!ra#eremony in 1


31/70


32/70


33/70

RJ*JRRJNCJ6• '((KS )*T(R

• Kinnaur in Himalyas H.C 9ajapai• Kinnaur

(a livli$ood in $imalyas) 6$iva#$andra ajpai.

• +aps o india.

• ,emple ar#$ite#ture o =ma#anda $anda

%estern $imalyas.


34/70

SHIMLA


35/70

AJRIA ?IJ0 =* 6HI+A CI,F


36/70


37/70

S% ,o% -tem .ear Particular

1. ,otal area "@11 211 s.!m.

". Area under orest "@11 41; s.!m.

. Area under#ultivation

"@11 ;


38/70

4LIMA+%

• ,$e #limate in 6$imla distri#t is predominantly #ool durin' %inters/

and moderately %arm durin' summer .• ,emperatures typi#al ran'e rom 4 to 1 #enti'rade over t$e

#ourse o year.

• ,$e avera'e temperature durin' summer is 1


39/70

5LA62A A*/ 5A6*A• ,$e main orest in and around t$e distri#t are t$at o Pine/ 8eodar/

=a! and R$ododendron.

• Jnvironmental de'radation due to t$e in#reasin' numer otourists.

Source+ $ttpB$ps$imla.ni#.in8istQdisasterPlanQ"[email protected] B

http://hpshimla.nic.in/Dist_disaster/Plan_2_50_57.pdfhttp://hpshimla.nic.in/Dist_disaster/Plan_2_50_57.pdfhttp://hpshimla.nic.in/Dist_disaster/Plan_2_50_57.pdf


40/70


41/70


42/70

ualities for being highly structural and resistant to climate

is one of the reasons of its high use and therefore wood; based architecture hase=tensi9ely de9eloped in this part.

•Some of the houses here are 9ery old and are built with the ageless deodar wood

and ha9e sustained

2ugged mountainous landscape of Sarahan Row of wooden houses in the valley


43/70

• +hehouses hereare twoor threestoreyhigh.

• +he lower le9el is constructed in traditional katth-kuni architecture.

• Stone and wood are 8u=taposed alternately and co9ered in mud plaster.

• +he top floor of the house protrudes out, supported by wooden members resting

on the wall.

• +he lower space is co9ered by the cantile9ered part where usually animals are tied

outside.

• +he walls on the upper floor are co9ered in wooden panels.

A double storey;house in Sarahan A wooden house in Sarahan A typical house in Sarahan


44/70

• +he upper le9el is the main li9ing area and has a separate entry. It opens into a

semi co9ered transition space li7e a balcony.

• +he strong stone base, a rather lighter super; structure that is finished and panelled

in ochre wood of deodar, and topped with slate shingles• +he granaries in all these houses are attached e=ternally or to the houses but

are generally mar7ed as a separate entity.

+ypical house in Sarahan? dressed wood

shingles of deodar used on the roof, granaries

attached to the house and the e=terior spaces

used for household acti9ities li7e cleaning,

laundering, coo7ing and so on.

1ranary attached to the houseA long house in Sarahan with a

cow shed on the lower le9el

Source ?design inno9ation and craft resource centre, research papers indigenous architecture and building practices in Himachal pradesh

india-


45/70

@HIMAALI +%MPL%

• @hima7ali temple is the best e=ample of tower style +emple situatedB constructed

with wood and stone in Himalayas.

• ,$e temple is approimately ;@@ years old.

• +he temple has influence of Hindu and 4hinese architectural style. It has slanted

slate roofs, golden towers, pagodaBs- and car9ed sil9er doors.


46/70

SI+% PLA**I*1

• +he sacred temple comple= measures appro=imately one acre.

• Site chosen for the temple is sloping and has a total slope gradient of about $

meters.

• Chole of the temple comple= is constructed as a series of courtyard encircledB

enclosed by buildings.• +his comple= is design as a combination of ( courtyard constructed at differentle9els.

• +hese different le9elled courtyards are accessed by highly decorated and richly

car9ed gates ha9ing series of steps in front.


47/70

@6IL/I*1 /%SI1*

•@uildings are rectangular in the plan ha9ing thic7 walls constructed in 7ath;7unnistyle.

• A narrow stone staircase is pro9ided to access the upper floors.

• At the fourth floor le9el, floor is protruded out of the lower

• floor on wooden brac7etsB cantile9ers.

• At this le9el the outer walls are made up of cidarB deodar wood which has nice and

intricate car9ing.

• +o reach the uppermost le9el fifth floor- which houses the state of goddess

@hima7ali a wooden staircase is pro9ided. +he uppermostBfifth floor is further

pro8ect more o9er the floor below. Slanting roof constructed with timber and

co9ered with locally a9ailable slates is pro9ided.

• +he second temple has only one pro8ected floor at upper le9el. Lower floors of thetemple ha9e walls constructed with wood and stone whereas, upper floor has

intricate woodwor7 on the e=terior facade.


48/70

+AIN ,J+PJ C=+PJS JN,RANCJ ,= ,HJ 9HI+AKAI C=+PJS


49/70


50/70

4A2


51/70

MA+%2IALS 6S%/

• Chole of the comple= is constructed with the use of mainly indigenousB locally

a9ailable materials. Locally a9ailable sand stone and cedar deodar wood are the

two main building materials which are used in the comple= for wall

#onstru#tion.

• *atural slates are >uarried from nearby slate mines and used as main roofingmaterial o9er the wooden roof trusses.

6our#e B indian journal o applied resear#$as$%ani !umar/ volume ?olume B 4 T Issue B < T 6eptemer "@14 T I66N - ""4


52/70


53/70


54/70

2AMP62

•2ampur, located 7ilometers from *ar7anda in Simla district.

•Its ele9ation is #&)' m from sea le9el.•It is located at .()" * .&"%.

•Population ? #!&:'

•2ampur was a center for trade among ashmir, Ladha7h, @hutan, ashgar,

3ar7and, and +ibet, with celebration of La9i trade fair e9ery *o9ember.,

•@etween the steep hills on one side and Sutle8 2i9er on the other ,almost on the 9ery

thresholds of some of the earliest temples.

PADAM PALACE


55/70

PADAM PALACE•+he town itself is punctuated by red roofs and towers of 2ampur palace, part of

which is made of wood in traditional Himachal style.

•It shows the creati9e cross; fertiliDation of eastern and western 9alues that mar7s the

best of late #$th centuryBearly :'th century architecture in much of Asia.

•indigenous towers that came before them +he newer and the larger palace


56/70

indigenous towers that came before them. +he newer and the larger palace

building of 2ampur is dated #$#$ on its cornerstone that was laid by Mahara8a

Padam Singh #$#$;:-.

• In this structure, stained glass windows and


57/70

•A smaller building near the machandi pa9ilion is the 2a8 1addi, with its lacy

screen and small proportions.

•It was built to ser9e only as a coronation hall when the control of @ashahr was

passed from generation to generation.

•ust beyond this is a two; storeyed throne platform that pro8ects out from the older building in essentially M

•+he old palace building that is not currently inhabited is called *au *ab or E*ine

@uildings’ and it also combines Mughal and 2a8put elements with hill;style

building con9entions.

• It is largely made of wood and great care is being ta7en to duplicate its original

patterns during its current restoration mughal style.

I*+%2I02 LI


58/70

• +here is a wooden screen adorned with e=>uisite floral wor7 and figurines,which ma7es it e9en more beautiful.

• Chile the upper floor is car9ed with woodwor7, the lower floor has stone

arches to ma7e it an interesting contrast.

• +he roof of the building is made of tin and has beautiful spiral pro8ections.

• 2oyal functions are held in the Hall of the palace nt of the palace, which is

7nown for its e=>uisite but intelligent woodwor7.

• Instead o #ement/ la#! 'ram %as used et%een stonelo#!s to $old t$em to'et$er.

462LI46% 4A2


59/70


60/70


61/70

P=PUA,I=N


62/70

P=PUA,I=N

• As per 1


63/70

=CCUPA,I=N

• +ain o##upation ound $ere is a'ri#ulture and ot$er$ouse $old industries.

• A##ordin' to "@11 #ensus / t$ere are "/"@/;;;a'ri#ultural %or!ers (main/ mar'inal) are t$ere $ere.

• ,$ere are /5@@ =t$er $ouse$old industries %or!ers.

• ,$ere are 1/5/@;2 non %or!ers .

,RAN6P=R,A,I=N• Road transport is main mode to travel %it$in

distri#t. ,$ere is no rail%ay line or airport in distri#t.

• en't$ o Pu##a Roads (Road in Km.)5


64/70

AN&UA&J• 9ilaspuri is t$e lo#al lan'ua'e used $ere.

+A>=R RJI&I=N6

• Hindu/ +uslim/ 6i!$ are t$e main reli'ions.

I,JRACF RA,JAs per "@11 #ensus

• male litera#y L


65/70


66/70


67/70

*=R, =* K=,KAHUR


68/70

*=R, =* K=,KAHUR• ,$e ort is situated at a distan#e o e% Kms. rom

&an'u%al Hydro Jle#tri# 6tation. Its lies in Naina

8evi Hill.• ,$e ort is a suare stru#ture #ompletely uilt o

stones/ ea#$ side aout t$irty meters lon'. Its%alls are aout t%o meters t$i#!.

• It $as t%o storeys ea#$ aout :teen meters $i'$. ,$e oor o t$e se#ond storey/ supported on $i'$stone pillars.

• At Aout t%elve meters aove t$e oor o t$e

se#ond storey t$ere %ere #ertain %indo% s$apedpla#es %it$ small peepin' $oles or t$e 'arrisonto re#onnoiter and/ i need e to s$oot atesie'ers.


69/70

&HA&HA6

• ,$e atitude and on'itude o'$a'as ilaspur is 1V and5;1V respe#tively.


70/70

• $ttpB%%%.distan#esrom.#omin'$a'as-ilaspur-latitude-lon'itude-'$a'as-ilaspur-latitude-'$a'as-ilaspur-

lon'itudeaton'History

Documents

satluj valley detail