Satellite component of UMTS : S-UMTStec.gov.in/pdf/Studypaper/S_UMTS_Final.pdf · S-UMTS defined as per the 3GPP specifications, ... technology. The end user benefits from T-UMTS

Satellite component of UMTS : S-UMTS

Radio Division

Telecommunication Engineering Centre

Radio Division 1

1 Introduction

Success of GSM in earlier nineties in Europe brought the momentum in satellite industries for

personal communication via satellite with the aim of providing similar type of services as

GSM outside the terrestrial GSM coverage. The assumption made at that time was that the

GSM would take long time to deploy around the globe and the satellite could be deployed

quickly and hence target the mass market. Based on that assumption, mobile satellite system

(MSS) such as Iridium and Globalstar were developed with LEO satellites. The whole

development period took approximately 5 years. During that period the GSM spread into

most of the populated area around the globe. This consecutive event left very little

opportunity for MSS to grab the mass market and therefore the new MSS systems were

forced to rely on traditional niche markets such as maritime and aviation for their revenue.

This was too small as compared to the design & development and maintenance costs. This

experience has shown the reality of the satellite industries position in the personal

communication market and gave the clear indication that the technological success is not

enough for a successful communication system and the proper market and business analysis

are equally important in order to have overall success. This reality forced the satellite

industries to revise their strategies towards personal mobile communications.

The satellite industry realized that satellite systems could not penetrate the mass market as

stand-alone systems. Integration and co-operation with the terrestrial system is necessary; in

other words satellite systems must stand complementary to the terrestrial systems. The level

of complementariness though may vary. The first -characterized as geographical complement

implies that satellite systems integrated with terrestrial systems offers the same set of services

that are provided by terrestrial cellular systems to its users. The second –called service

complement or close cooperative- suggests that satellite systems integrated with terrestrial

systems should not attempt to offer voice or interactive services, where it has a disadvantage

compared to the terrestrial networks. It should rather focus on the provision of multicast and

broadcast services since it has the potential to provide these services in the most cost-efficient

manner.

On these grounds, ETSI published a Technical Report laying down the guidelines for the

integration of Satellite systems with 3rd

generation terrestrial mobile systems under the name

of Satellite component of UMTS: S-UMTS. Various study and working groups have taken up

the study of S-UMTS and have come up with numerous schemes of how a feasible

environment for implementation of S-UMTS can be developed. In this study paper, we cover

the technical aspects of S-UMTS, its advantages as well as the challenges associated with it

and also how it can be implemented in the Indian scenario.

2 Definition of Satellite Component of UMTS: S-UMTS

S-UMTS defined as per the 3GPP specifications, stands for the Satellite component of the

Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. S-UMTS systems will complement the

terrestrial UMTS (T-UMTS) and inter-work with other IMT-2000 family members through

the UMTS core network. S-UMTS will be used to deliver 3rd generation mobile satellite

services (MSS) utilizing either low (LEO) or medium (MEO) earth orbiting, or geostationary

(GEO) satellite(s). S-UMTS systems are based on terrestrial 3GPP specifications and will

support access to GSM/UMTS core networks.

Some of the benefits to be gained from a fully integrated S-UMTS/T-UMTS system

are:


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• Seamless service provision;

• Re-use of the terrestrial infrastructure;

• Highly integrated multi-mode user terminals.

The satellite component of UMTS may provide services in areas covered by cellular systems,

complementary services, e.g. broadcasting, multicasting, and in those areas not planned to be

served by terrestrial systems as shown in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1 S-UMTS Service capability

3 S-UMTS system architecture

The following Figure 2 depicts typical system architecture for S-UMTS system to be working in a

harmonized manner with the UMTS core and T-UMTS system. The elements, Radio Network

Controller (RNC), Node B, Radio Network Subsystem (RNS), Iu interface, Uu interface are

same as with T-UMTS and the elements specific to the satellite systems are network control

centre (NCC) and fixed earth station (FES)/Gateway (GW).

Figure 2 Typical S-UMTS Architecture

The architecture scenario shown in Figure 2 is based on the model S-UMTS architecture

developed by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics for the coverage oriented

and broadcast oriented architectures concept as depicted in ETSI Technical Report, also they

are explained below.


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3.1 Coverage oriented

There are two ways to provide coverage, either through a direct link between the MT and the

satellite or indirectly using intermediate equipment called intermediate module repeater

(IMR) or Gap filler. This categorization is also applicable to broadcast oriented scenario as

well.

Direct configuration

The services supported are basically the same as those provided by the T-UMTS. Due to link

budget constraints, operation in indoor conditions is limited. Therefore additional techniques

need to be adapted to cover this case. The cost for the usage of the S-UMTS will remain

higher than that of T-UMTS. Consequently, all satellite terminals will additionally support T-

UMTS as well. Whenever the T-UMTS becomes available, the bi-mode terminal will restore

to terrestrial mode.

Indirect configuration

Here satellite systems are expected to support any MT (Mobile Terminal) compatible to the

T-UMTS without modification. This requires insertion of an IMR between the MT and the

satellite. This module adapts the satellite signals to the MT interfaces and inversely and

enables full independence from the terminal segment. The satellite component ensures traffic

transportation between local networks and the public network. This has several advantages:

reduced investment and delay in the development due to a possible reduction in

complexity/constraints on the terminal design since the system is compatibility with existing

terminals, and thus enabling early introduction of service. To benefit from satellite services,

the user does not have to learn the usage of another terminal with a different man machine

interface. His environment is not affected. The S-UMTS may be improved and optimized for

capacity as well as bandwidth performance provided that the booster accommodate with new

features or S-UMTS evolutions. Two system configurations may then be envisaged,

collective and individual. A system supporting both can also be envisaged.

o Collective configuration:

The satellite-based system is inserted within a radio access network of the T-UMTS. The

system is used in a trunking mode and transports the traffic exchanged between the terrestrial

network and the local network. The intermediate module constitutes an entry point for a local

network. It consists of a part of the radio access network or of a single BS. It provides UMTS

services to all terminals within the coverage area. Rapid installation of the IMR could be an

advantageous feature. Installation on a building roof or terrestrial mast for earth fixed

coverage, on board a vehicle transporting passengers as well as maritime and aeronautical

applications can be foreseen.

o Individual configuration:

The approach is similar to the direct access to satellite system except that it is based on a

distributed terminal concept (MS: Mobile Station). It consists in a booster-equipment and a

standard terrestrial terminal. The booster converts the satellite signals into a format

compatible to the short range wireless interface of the terrestrial terminal. It relies on the

assumption, that mobile stations will support such short-range wireless interface to connect

phone accessories as well as computing devices. To reach the largest market, different kinds

of booster may be envisaged according to:

o Mobility capability criteria: The transportable or nomadic types, bigger in size but

can be installed in a vehicle or easily carried out in a suitcase.


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o Service capability criteria: Voice and low rate data only, Video, voice and high

data rate, Traffic asymmetry for video, voice, high data rate on downlink and

voice, low data rate on uplink.

3.2 Broadcast oriented

The S-UMTS is based on similar transport capabilities provided by the DAB and/or DVB

technology. The end user benefits from T-UMTS services and can simultaneously access

services offered by the S-UMTS terminal configurations in two modes indirect and direct

configuration mentioned in the coverage oriented case.

4 S-UMTS Architecture components

The main architecture components of a S-UMTS network as defined by ETSI technical

specifications are described as below:

4.1 Intermediate Module Repeater (IMR)

Broadcast and multicast are considered as promising candidates for S-UMTS services and the

mass market for them is in and around build up areas (urban areas). But the direct

configuration shown in Figure 2 is not suitable for urban areas due to the following reasons:

o There is no direct satellite reception inside the build-up area because of the high

blockage.

o Bandwidth intensive mobile phone usage is generally inside buildings.

Hence it is considered that intermediate module repeater (IMR) /gap filler is the better

solution to solve the problem of urban area satellite coverage. The IMR acts as a repeater in

both way or in one way depending on the services. When the design of IMR and the

definition of the interfaces between satellite-IMR and IMR-terminal are investigated, the

following points should be taken into consideration.

o Multicast and broadcast services can be well served by satellite

o It is anticipated that satellite would be cheap for international roaming compared to

terrestrial systems.

o Terminal complexity should not increase significantly due to the introduction of the

Intermediate module repeater.

o A big constraint experienced by the terrestrial system was placing the base stations in

a cost effective and environment-friendly way. Therefore the satellite industry may

also experience the same problem in installing the intermediate modules.

4.1.1 IMR Functionalities

The IMR can be a simple repeater (Booster), a frequency conversion repeater, Node B based,

RNC + Node B based or evolved Node B based. All these scenarios for IMR functionalities

have been defined in ETSI TS 102 442-2 V1.1.1 (2006-11) Technical Specification Satellite

Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Component of UMTS/IMT-2000;Multimedia

Broadcast/Multicast Services; Part 2: Architecture and functional description.


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Figure 3 IMR as simple repeater

A. Simple repeater This case is most apt for the broadcast and multicast case and also less complex and cost

effective. In the simple repeater case, the IMR receives the signal in the MSS band from

the satellite, amplifies and retransmits it towards the terminal. Similarly, it receives the

signal from terminals and transmits it towards the satellite. The same frequency band may

be used for both links, namely the SAT-IMR link and the IMR-MT. When the terminal

moves out of coverage of the IMR, it can directly communicate with the satellite since the

signal attenuation is very low outside the build-up area. Hence, the S-UMTS mode can be

used at the terminal inside and outside the build-up areas.

On-channel repeater is built with:

Rx front end including flat panel or reflector antenna sub-system.

Amplification chain.

Tx front end including omni or sectored antenna.

O&M module and a wireline/less modem for site supervision and equipment

monitoring.

Output power (at the PA (Power Amplifier) output) and Tx antenna gain : total Tx

power up to 30 dBm, Tx antenna gain typically 15 dB ((sectored antenna).

B. Frequency conversion repeater

The frequency conversion repeater receives the satellite signal in FSS frequency bands,

amplifies and retransmits in MSS band. It implements frequency conversion from FSS to

MSS bands.

Figure 4 IMR as Frequency Conversion Repeater

Frequency conversion repeater is built with:

Rx front end including flat panel or reflector antenna sub-system in FSS bands.

Amplification chain.


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Tx front end including omni or sectored antenna.

O&M module and a wireline/less modem for site supervision and equipment

monitoring.

Output power (@ the PA output) and Tx antenna gain : total Tx power ranges 30 dBm

to 35 dBm, Tx antenna gain typically 15 dB ((sectored antenna).

C. Node B-based repeater

Figure 5 IMR as Node B based repeater

Node B-based repeater is based on the 3GPP standardized Node B. Node B and RNC are

interfaced via satellite, i.e. some of the Iub interface features are implemented over a

satellite radio link. When this satellite radio link is unidirectional, adaptation to Iub

protocols is required. Node B in the satellite gateway addresses signal processing of the

satellite cell, while IMR addresses signal processing of the terrestrial repeater cell. Co-

ordination of satellite spot and terrestrial repeater cells is done at the Iub level.

Node B-based repeater is built with:

HTI Rx (Gateway To IMR Receiver) module receiving satellite carriers transmitted

by the IMR Tx module in the Gateway:

o Rx front end including flat panel or reflector antenna sub-system in FSS

bands;

o demodulation/decoding of the satellite carriers for the provision of the Iub

protocol messages;

o interconnection to the "enabled satellite" Node B modem via an interface

supporting the 3GPP standardized Iub protocol;

o A GNSS receiver providing time and frequency reference to the HTI Rx

module.

A Satellite-enabled modem delivering the W-CDMA carriers. It is interconnected

with the RNC via equipment called Base Common Functions (BCF) that support the

3GPP standardized Iub protocol and O&M protocol to configure the Node B modem

and monitor its operation.

A RF Tx section for the amplification of the satellite carriers and the up-conversion to

the MSS bands.

Output power (at the PA output) and Tx antenna gain: total Tx power up to 43 dBm,

Tx antenna gain typically 15 dB ((sectored antenna).


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D. Evolved Node B-based repeater

Evolved Node B-based repeater is based on the 3GPP standardized Node B+

Figure 6 IMR as Evolved Node B based repeater

Evolved Node B-based repeater and RNC are interfaced via satellite, i.e. some of the Iu

interface features are implemented over a satellite radio link. When this satellite radio link

is unidirectional, adaptation to Iu protocols is required. Node B in the satellite gateway

addresses signal processing of the satellite cell, while IMR addresses signal processing

of the terrestrial repeater cell. Co-ordination of satellite spot and terrestrial repeater cells

is done at the Iu interface level as shown in figure 9.

Evolved Node B-based repeater is built with:

HTI Rx (Hub To IMR Receiver) module receiving satellite carriers transmitted by the

IMR Tx module in the Gateway:

o Rx front end including flat panel or reflector antenna sub-system in FSS

bands.

o Demodulation/decoding of the satellite carriers for the provision of a Iu

protocol messages.

o Interconnection to Node B+ via an interface supporting the 3GPP standardized

Iu protocol.

o A GNSS receiver providing time and frequency reference to the HTI Rx

module.

RAN radio protocols (L1, L2 and L3) both in control and user planes.

A Satellite-enabled modem delivering the W-CDMA carriers.

O&M protocol to configure the Node B modem and monitor its operation.

A RF Tx section for the amplification of the satellite carriers and the up-conversion to

the MSS bands.

Output power (at the PA output) and Tx antenna gain: total Tx power up to typically 43

dBm, Tx antenna gain typically 15 dB ((sectored antenna).

4.1.2 IMR Environmental Scenarios

This section explains possible IMR scenarios, which can target the mass market and type of

services each scenario is aiming for. The following issues may be different for different

scenarios or may be same.

IMR functions (e.g. just like a booster)

Interfaces SAT-IMR and IMR-SAT.


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A. Urban and Suburban environment

Figure 7 IMR in urban environment

Figure 7 shows the arrangement of an IMR capable of satellite reception inside the build-up

area and inside the buildings. There are two possible service scenarios, only broadcast and

multicast services via satellite to the local users and full services via satellite to international

roamers. However the IMR may also be just a repeater without incorporating any functions of

RNC or Node B.

B. Vehicular or Highway Environment

Figure 8 IMR in vehicular environment

IMR positions for the in-car application and the respective configurations have been shown in

Figure 8 above. The IMR can be just a repeater and hence the terminal use the satellite mode


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or the IMR can translate the signal into terrestrial form so that the terminal can use the

terrestrial mode.

C. Ship, plane and UMTS islands case

In this scenario (except UMTS islands), the IMR may feature Node B or simple repeater

functionality. In the UMTS island case, the satellite link represents the interface between the

UTRAN and the core network [CN (Iu)].

Figure 9 IMR in Ship, plane and UMTS islands case

4.2 UMTS Satellite Radio Access Network (USRAN) Gateway

As per the ETSI standards, USRAN is responsible for efficiently delivering S-MBMS

(Satellite-Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service) data to the designated S-MBMS service

area. Efficient delivery of S-MBMS data in multicast mode may require mechanisms in the

USRAN, e.g. the minimum number of users within a spot prior to and during S-MBMS

transmission could be used to choose an appropriate radio bearer. S-MBMS transmissions

may be initiated and terminated intermittently. USRAN shall support the initiation and

termination of S-MBMS transmissions by the core-network. Further, the USRAN shall be

able to receive S-MBMS data from the core-network over Iu bearers shared by many UEs.

The USRAN shall be able to transmit S-MBMS user service announcements, paging

information (non S-MBMS specific) and support other services in parallel with S-MBMS (for

example depending on terminal capabilities the user could originate or receive a call or send

and receive messages whilst receiving S-MBMS video content). The Gateway includes 3G

RAN equipment and 3G core network functions. It collects incoming media services from the

BM-SCs and generates the W-CDMA waveform and redirects signal to the satellite feeder

link. In parallel, for the feeding of IMRs (if any), Gateway functions are depending on IMR

architecture:

• For Node B-based repeater, Iub information stream is modulated onto a FSS band.

• For Evolved Node B-based repeater, Iu information stream is modulated onto a FSS band.

Gateway may be shared between several operators. Satellite spots may be managed by either

a centralized Gateway or shared between several decentralised Gateways.

5 Projects and Studies for S-UMTS

Described below are some of the leading projects and studies undertaken across the

world in the field of S-UMTS. These projects are as defined in the ETSI TR 101 865

V1.2.1 (2002-09) Technical Report Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite

component of UMTS/IMT-2000; General aspects and principles


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Project/Study

Name

Description

IST Project:

VIRTUOUS

The integration of the S-UMTS part with the terrestrial one of

the UMTS network is key objective of VIRTUOUS (VIRTUal

hOme UMTS on Satellite). Within this project this aim is

reached by introducing a satellite part, which is as similar as

possible to terrestrial one, following the 3GPP principles, in

order to share the most part of the architecture and

functionalities.

ESA Project:

ROBMOD

and ATB

The ESA ROBMOD project (Robust Modulation and Coding

for Personal Communications Systems ) aimed at defining and

validating a candidate physical-layer approach for the satellite

component of UMTS. The ESA project "Advanced S-UMTS

Test Bed" (ATB) represents the follow-on of for a description of

the ESA early project), an activity which has resulted into the

implementation of a comprehensive hardware Test Bed intended

to validate the W-CDMA physical layer in a context faithfully

representative of a real S-UMTS service.

IST Project:

SATIN

Project SATIN (Satellite over IP Network) is an in-depth

research and technology project that defines and evaluates

efficient S-UMTS access schemes based on packet-based

protocols whilst allowing multicast service optimization. These

access schemes will be based as much as possible on the UTRA

access scheme to allow maximum commonality of terminals.

IST Project:

GAUSS

GAUSS is an RTD (Research and Technological Development)

project founded by the European Community IST (Information

Society Technologies) Programme. The GAUSS purpose was to

analyse and demonstrate the potential integration ("Synergy")

between navigation and communication services, by providing

Galileo Navigation services through an S-UMTS

communication infrastructure. Such integration represents an

innovation with respect to the current vision of the Galileo

System which, as a complement to the main navigation mission

could also incorporate communications facilities.

6 Security Requirements for S-UMTS systems

The security functions in the S-UMTS system is mainly managed in the ground segment

by an entity called the Network Control Centre (NCC). As per ETSI TR 101 865 V1.2.1

(2002-09) Technical Report Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite

component of UMTS/IMT-2000; General aspects and principles, the NCC provides the

fault, anomaly, configuration, performance, and security functions for management of

the network and the gateways interface with other telecommunication networks.

The ETSI TS 102 442-6 V1.1.1 (2006-11) Technical Specification Satellite Earth

Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Component of UMTS/IMT-2000;Multimedia

Broadcast/Multicast Services; Part 6: Security in details lays down the security

requirements pertaining to Service level security, USIM security, S-MBMS service

security, signaling security etc. It also defines the privacy requirements like key

management requirements, integrity protection requirements, confidentiality protection


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requirements. The security functions and mechanisms like GBA (Generic Bootstrapping

Algorithm) for S-MBMS services, authentication and authorization mechanisms,

protection of transmitted traffic using SRTP (Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol ) and

several others have been prescribed in the aforementioned ETSI TS for S-UMTS

systems.

7 S-UMTS for the Indian scenario

In India, because of its varied geographical distribution, it becomes difficult for effective

deployment of far-reaching terrestrial communication systems. In some parts of the

country, satellite communication is the only alternative. Here S-UMTS can play a very

effective role in providing ubiquitous communication by providing coverage extension.

S-UMTS can act as the alternate radio access network to provide coverage in the far-

flung areas. The S-UMTS services can be enhanced with IMR having varied capabilities

which can serve effectively in different scenarios.

Mentioned below are some of the points that must be considered and assessed for the

effective deployment of S-UMTS in the Indian Telecommunication Network.

7.1 Licensing Regime for Mobile Satellite Communications

Currently in India the GMPCS (Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite)

license covers the MSS (Mobile Satellite Services) services provided by satellite

communications. INMARSAT through its Indian partner, Tata Communications which

holds the ILD license serves the niche markets of MSS services like maritime, defense

and some land mobile services. The GMPCS license dictates that the MSS service

provider must have a earth gateway in India to provide services in the country. This

condition in the license agreement has always been a cause for contention between the

global GMPCS operators and the Government as it is claimed that it may be

economically unviable to set-up a gateway to serve a limited number of subscribers.

The role of S-UMTS can be explored to tackle this problem. One of the solutions that

can be considered and further studied and evaluated in consultation with the stakeholders

is the use of S-UMTS as an alternate radio access network. In this way, the core mobile

networks of existing terrestrial mobile service providers can be used for all the switching

functionalities and the satellite component only comes into the picture in the access part.

This also takes care of Lawful Interception as the satellite access becomes part of the

same network. The terrestrial mobile service providers may provide this kind of service

on their own or a separate license can be considered for such kind of service extension

through satellite. This may also require the terrestrial cellular service provider and the

global GMPCS operators to enter into an agreement to implement such a solution. Also,

the GMPCS license can be amended to make way for such agreements to be effected.

This not only addresses the economic issues that MSS providers face to deploy services

in India but also effectively takes care of the Government’s requirements of routing of

calls through a gateway in India.

7.2 Service availability in remote areas

S-UMTS can be very effective in providing communication services in the remote areas

of the country. It can provide Direct Access i.e. directly from satellite to mobile

terminals, or Indirect Access i.e. the satellite relays the signals to IMR which is further

relayed to the mobile terminal. The IMR can be designed to function as a simple relay, a

frequency converter platform, a NodeB, an eNodeB, or a converter of satellite signals to

short range wireless signals depending on the deployment scenarios. Consultations can


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be carried out with the indigenous manufacturers for the development of different kinds

of IMR equipments.

7.3 Disaster-handling and emergency services

S-UMTS can be very effective in bringing up the communication services in disaster hit

areas like in case of a flood, tsunami, cyclones or earthquakes. As the S-UMTS can offer

an alternate RAN (Radio Access Network) capabilities, so it can expedite the restoration

of telecommunication services in case of any natural calamity. Further and more focused

studies can be taken up to properly assess the role and effectiveness of S-UMTS in

disaster handling.

Messages of alarm or caution to take pre-emptive measures to handle an emergency

can also be effectively disseminated by using the multicast and broadcast capabilities of

S-UMTS. Separate studies and industry consultation can be taken up to explore the

various possibilities in this regard.

7.4 Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Services in urban areas

S-UMTS can provide MBMS services in the urban areas with deployment of IMRs to

even enhance in-building coverage for satellite based services. Consultation with

stakeholders like Terrestrial Mobile Service Providers and MSS providers is needed to

be carried out to give effect to such a solution. Also, any such solution will require

agreements between the service providers of terrestrial and satellite services to ensure

fair revenue sharing.

8 Advantages of S-UMTS

The chief advantages of use and deployment of S-UMTS may be summarized as below:

Realization of cost-effective World-wide roaming as the satellite coverage is more far

reaching and economical as compared to terrestrial solutions.

Coverage extension.

Cost effective broadcast and multicast communication in build-up areas.

Quick restoration of communication services in case of emergency and disaster if S-

UMTS is deployed as an alternate radio access network.

Facilitator of vehicular communication and M2M communications.

9 Challenges of the S-UMTS system

Some of the challenges faced by the S-UMTS system are listed below:

User terminal complexity in case of multi-mode terminals (terminals catering to both

terrestrial and satellite signals).

Development of IMR equipment for different use-case scenarios.

Handoff complexities in case of LEO and MEO satellites and requirement of high

precisions tracking equipment for seamless and good quality services. As GEO

satellites have wider coverage area so generally lesser chances of handoffs.

Agreement deadlock between the satellite and terrestrial mobile services of operators.

10 Conclusion

Satellite component of UMTS or S-UMTS is a promising endeavor of the satellite

industry to work in compliment with the terrestrial mobile services. The advantages of

satellite communication that augment the services provided by terrestrial networks are


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noteworthy and remarkable. As discussed in Section 6, salient points for deployment and

use of S-UMTS in Indian telecommunication network can be further assessed and

focused studies can be undertaken to evaluate its feasibility.

Also, the application of S-UMTS and its components like IMR, and how they can be

deployed for PPDR (Public Protection and Disaster Relief) services in case of disaster

and emergency can be further explored and studied. S-UMTS can prove to be very

effective in case of swift restoration of services in disaster-hit areas. Analysis needs to be

done as to how the S-UMTS fits into the regulatory framework and also, if in case of

emergency any amendments need to be done to the revenue sharing models for the

stakeholders (service providers) involved.

The efficacy of the deployment of IMR for providing services using S-UMTS in rural

and remote areas can be further examined in consultation with involved stakeholders.

The possibility of indigenous development of IMR equipment can also be assessed for

India specific use-cases and deployment scenarios.

In India, satellite services are mainly offered through GEO satellites, with S-UMTS,

the service scenarios with LEO/MEO satellites can also be explored as they offer better

throughput and low latency which are essential factors for broadband applications.

REFERENCES

1. ETSI TR 101 865 V1.2.1 (2002-09) Technical Report Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);

Satellite component of UMTS/IMT-2000; General aspects and principles

2. ETSI TR 101 984 V1.1.1 (2002-11) Technical Report Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);

Broadband Satellite Multimedia; Services and Architectures

3. ETSI TS 102 442-1 V1.1.1 (2006-11) Technical Specification Satellite Earth Stations and Systems

(SES); Satellite Component of UMTS/IMT-2000;Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services;

Part 1: Services definitions



Part 2: Architecture and functional description



Part 3: Introduction in the Radio Access Network (RAN)



Part 4: Interworking with terrestrial UMTS networks



Part 5: Performances over the radio interface



Part 6: Security

9. TRAI Recommendations on Provisioning of INMARSAT / Satellite Phone services, May 2014.

10. SERVICE SCENARIOS AND SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR SATELLITE UMTS IP

BASED NETWORK (SATIN) *B.G.Evans, §M.Mazzella, ¨G.E.Corazza, ªA.Polydoros,

©I.Mertzanis, fP.Philippopoulos, pW.De Win *University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH,

UK.

11. The intermediate module concept within the SATIN proposal for the S-UMTS air interface

*T. Severijns, *W. De Win, *M. Dieudonne, ¨M.Karaliopoulos, ¨K.Narenthiran, and ¨B.G.Evans

*Agilent Technologies, Wingepark, 51 B-3110 Rotselaar, Belgium

12. Recommendation ITU-R M.1850 (01/2010) Detailed specifications of the radio interfaces

for the satellite component of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000)

Documents

Satellite component of UMTS : S-UMTStec.gov.in/pdf/Studypaper/S_UMTS_Final.pdf · S-UMTS defined as per the 3GPP specifications, ... technology. The end user benefits from T-UMTS