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THE ROMANIAN LAW APPLICABLE TO ARBITRATION


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TITLE I. INTRODUCTION

A. General considerations uon ar!itration Re"ulation and t#olo"#. Ar!itra!ilit#.

$. La% source

Do&estic ar!itration, the national procedure for arBook IV – Articles 541 – 621 N!

Book VII – International Arbitration


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International Con'entions( "he #ene$a !rotocol %1&2'(,

"he #ene$a on$ention dated 1&2) upon the reco*nition a+ards,

"he Ne+ ork on$ention dated -une 1&5. on the reco*nenforce/ent of arbitral a+ards,

"he 0ashin*ton on$ention dated arch 1&65 b +h%International enter for 3ettle/ent of In$est/ent isputes( +a

"he #ene$a uropean on$ention fro/ 1&61


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). De*nition + concet Article ,-$ $/ NCPC(

0Ar!itration is an alternati'e 1urisdiction 2a'in" a ri'ate c2a

Arbitration

7 pri$ate 8ustice b +hich the settle/ent of the disputes is suarbitrators

7 a con$entional +a of settlin* disputes bet+een parties

7 a trust 8ustice 7 it relies in the con9dence placed in the arbitrators apthe parties

7 the disputes are settled throu*h bindin* arbitral a+ards


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:nlike other ADR, the arbitral a+ard pro$ides si/ilar ethe 8ud*e/ents issued b the courts as it has thaut2orit# 4 res 1udicata and is en5orcea!le

:nlike the courts decisions, the arbitral a+ards need tthe %rit o5 e6ecution – the authorit to be enforced *rthe court of 9rst instance – see Article 64


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7. T2e Nature o5 Ar!itration and t2e Grounds o5 it8sDe'elo&ent

Arbitration has a dual "round>

"he arbitral a+ard is a ri'ate 1urisdictional act 2aori"ins in t2e arties8 a"ree&ent9 in t2eir con'consent

"he arbitrators render a "enuine en5orcea!le decisionarbitrator is a te/porar 8ud*e

"he ar!itration a"ree&ent "o'erns t2e liti"ation constitution of the arbitral tribunal to the 9nal a+ard


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Ad'anta"es(• Li!ert# o5 c2oice o5 t2e arties

• T2e ro'isions o5 Boo: I; are not i&erati'e

• Boo: I; 2as a su!sidiar# aliance

• T2e Parties c2oose t2e rules o5 ar!itration see Article ,-- N

• T2e celerit# %the arbitral a+ard cannot be appealed, it cachallen*ed throu*h an action 5or annul&ent/

• Arbitration is


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-. T#olo"#• Not /andator arbitration as the consented9 assu&ed c2reresents t2e essence o5 ar!itration %see Article 541 N

Criteria( "he choice of the parties to or*ani?e the arbitration the/sel$es

sub/it it to a per/anent institution

"he parties@ +ill to *et their trial settled applin* the la+ or ex bono

0hether the trial arises fro/ a pri$ate la+ relation +ith a forei*


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a/ Ad 2oc ar!itration 7 for an i&edi&ents related tconstitution of the arbitral tribunal or the conduct of tarbitral proceedin*s, the parties need to 9le a clai/ inthe tribunal in the 8urisdiction +here the arbitration taplace

Institutional ar!itration – %see Articles 616 – 621

(


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Courts o5 ar!itration(I, IA, I3I

Arbitration ha/ber of the Bucharest 3tock =chan*e

"he ourt of Arbitration of : – National :nion fCandicraft And !roduction ooperati$es

!rofessions Arbitrations


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b( Arbitration de jure – in accordance +ith the la+ ( Ex aequo et bono – the arbitrator decides as amiacompositeur

o It needs to be e=pressi$el a*reed b partieso "he arbitrators shall obser$e the u!lic orde

ro'isions and appl the funda/ental princici$il trial


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c/ Do&estic ar!itration( International ar!itration – Book VII

(Article $$$$ $/ NCPC> DAn arbitration that takes place in Eo/anconsidered international if it arises fro/ a pri$ate la+ relation +ith ele/entF

(7 At least one of the parties did not ha$e its do/icile habitual resid

headGuarters in Eo/ania at the ti/e +hen the arbitration a*ree/econcluded


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;CPC %1.65 ode( – the scope +as de9ned> patri/ondisputes re*ardin* ri*hts upon +hich the parties /a cotransaction

International ar!itration(

Article $$$) $/ NCPC> DAn dispute pertainin* to

ri*hts is arbitrable pro$ided it concerns ri*hts of +parties /a freel dispose and the la+ of the place of adoes not reser$e such /atters for the e=clusi$e 8urisdthe courtsF


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"he sanction> the arbitration a*ree/ent is null and $parties decide to establish or challen*e throu*h ari*hts upon +hich the cannot freel dispose

Article ?@ NCPC the arbitral a+ard is set aside thaction for annul/ent +hether the dispute +as not caresolution b arbitration


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ARBITRABILIT(

UBECTI;E and b8ecti$e Arbitrabilit

Article ,-) )/ NCPC( D"he state and public authoritthe ri*ht to enter into arbitration a*ree/ents onl if ab la+ or b international con$entions to +hich Eo/partF

Article $$$) )( NCPC( DIf one of the parties to the aa*ree/ent is a 3tate, a 3tated o+ned enterprisor*ani?ation controlled b the 3tate, this part cannot iri*ht to contest the arbitrabilit of a dispute or its capaca part in the arbitral proceedin*sF


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Article $$$) 7/ NCPC( De*al entities of a publi+hose scope of acti$it includes enterin* into etransactions /a conclude arbitration a*ree/ents, unstatute or b7la+s pro$ides other+iseF

"he scope of arbitration in respect of the entities +entitled to settle their disputes as such +as e6tendedattitude of the 3tate +ho sei?es upon a do/estic ruforbids arbitration in order to a$oid the settle/ent is cointernational public polic


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O!1ecti'e Ar!itra!ilit#

$. Patri&on# related disutes

). Disutes %2ic2 cannot !e settled t2rou"ar!itration

7. ensiti'e u!1ectMatters( 1oint dual/disutes


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Patri&on# related disute

Patri&on# related disutes e'en i5 t2e clai& is noecuniar#

e*> the nullit of an a*ree/ent, independentl to the cthe restitution

0e also need to check +hether the courts do not ha$e ae=clusi$e 8urisdiction for that /atter

isputes +hich can be sub/itted to arbitration> the ri*hpropert and clai/ ri*hts %the /ost freGuent(, positi$e ane*ati$e obli*ations


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Disutes %2ic2 cannot !e settled t2rou"2 ar!itration

• Indi'idual ri"2ts %2ic2 do not re5er to roert# ri"2ts

• Patri&on# related ri"2ts %2ic2 cannot !e ne"otiated and5or& t2e su!1ect o5 a transaction a"ree&entH Nonne"otia!le disutes per se> cri/inal la+, liabilit for contra$entions %/

H Nontrans5era!le ri"2ts( inde5easi!le ri"2ts( as a rule9 u!lic Ne$ertheless, a lease a"ree&ent can !e su!&itted

H Pu!lic rocure&ents( /er*enc #o$ern/ent rdinance '42


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ensiti'e u!1ectMatters

oint + dual Disutes 4 ensiti'e u!1ectMatters• Intellectual roert#• Cororate La%>o =clusi$e 8urisdiction> the dissolution of co/panies, e=clusion of shareholders

o !atri/on related relations bet+een shareholders or bet+een the/ and the co/

• Co&etition la% – clai/ da/a*es for anti7co/petiti$e acts %ane=clusionar abuse for instance( – a+ 21&6 in tort lia!ilit# e'

Co&etition Council did not re'iousl# ascertain t2e e6istan antico&etiti'e ractice. urt2er&ore9 da&a"es 5or uco&etition accordin" to La% no. $$+$$.

* the clai/ant reGuests the ful9l/ent of the a*ree/ent and thedefendant can raise a lea o5 'oidance.


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• Insol'enc#9 restructurin" and !an:rutc#> 7 the aconcluded after the court@s decision "he arbitral clai/ is also e$en thou*h nullit clai/ a*ainst anterior contracts

• Consu&er La%> t2e ar!itration clause is considered un%contractual relations !et%een ro5essionals and consu&t2e su!&ission a"ree&ents are allo%ed

# '.2 alternati$e dispute settleentities established under the National Authorit for onsu/er !ro+ell Not arbitration "he decision can be appealed +ithin 15 das


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La%#ers

Ar!itration is &andator# 5or disutes arisin" !et%een la%#ere"ardin" t2e e6ercise o5 t2eir ro5ession "he clai/ is sub/idean of the bar and the arbitrators /ust be la+ers for at least 1< addition to the speci9c pro$isions of the 3tatute, the procedure is *b Book IV It is neither a co/pulsor arbitration, nor a consented o+as critici?ed


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Title II. ARBITRATIONAGREEMENT

LEGAL NATURE

• Act +hich e=presses the consent of the !arties to settle the dispute throu*h

• Act +hich confers the arbitral tribunal the po+er %e*iti/ac( to settle the di

ual nature> 7 contractual

7 8urisdictionaleatures(• A*ree/ent

• on$eance %instru/ent disposin* of ri*hts of propert(

• !rocedural Act


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"pes of Arbitration A*ree/e

1 Arbitration clause2 3ub/ission a*ree/ent

Art 54& %1( N!> "he arbitration a*ree/ent /a be co

7 either as an arbitration clause, included in the /ain coin a separate a*ree/ent that the /ain contract incorporeference,

7 or as a separate a*ree/ent called a sub/ission a*ree


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Art 55< %1( N!> Arbitration clause

7 indicatin*, under the sanction o5 nullit#, t2e &eaointin" t2e ar!itrators

7 institutional arbitration 7 it is suJcient to referprocedural rules of the institution

Art 551 %1( N!> 3ub/ission a*ree/ent 7 under the sanction of nullit, t2e su!1ect &atterdisute as +ell as, in the case of ad hoc arbitratna&es o5 t2e ar!itrators or t2eir &et2od o5 ao7 the appoint/ent can be /ade in accordance +ith thethe arbitral institution


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Co&ulsor# ele&ents(1 Arbitration clause

7 ethod of appointin* the arbitrators %e=ception> institutional a

2 3ub/ission a*ree/ent

7 "he sub8ect /atter of the dispute 7 absolute nullit

7 "he na/es of the arbitrators or the /ethod of appoint/ent %e=institutional arbitration( 7 curable nullit %$oid abilit(

"C A:"N K "C


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"C A:"N K "CAEBI"EA"IN A:3

Art 55< %2( N!> "he $alidit of the arbitration clause is independ

the $alidit of the /ain contract

Co+ can the arbitrators pronounce the nullit of the contractL

"he clause li$es lon*er than the contract "he clause sur$i$es the c%rescission( of the contract

The Kompetenz – Kompetenz Principle "he co/petence of the arbitrator to e=a/ine his co/petence %art

"he courts@ 8urisdiction is e=cluded %art 554 N!(

"h lidit f th bit ti


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"he $alidit of the arbitrationa*ree/ent

Essential conditions1 apacit %standin* and actin* capacit(2 Kree consent

' 3ub8ect7/atter

4 3cope

l diti


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or&al conditions

Art 54. N!> 0ritten for/

%1( "he arbitration a*ree/ent shall be concluded in +ritin*, under the sancti

7 =chan*e of correspondence or e=chan*es of procedural sub/issions

%2( DIf the arbitration a*ree/ent concerns a dispute connected +ith the transpropert ri*ht andor the creation of another ri*ht in re/ related to i//o$abthe arbitration a*ree/ent /ust be authenticated b a notar public under thof absolute nullitF

Eule – +ritten for/ =ception – Ei*hts in re/> erti9ed docu/ent

Art 54& %2( N!> D"he e=istence of an arbitration a*ree/ent /a be inferre+ritten a*ree/ent of the parties /ade before the arbitral tribunalF


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Pat2olo"ical con'entionsAlternati'e a"ree&ents(

"he dispute shall be settled b the ourt of Arbitration or b the co 8urisdiction

Blan: a"ree&ents(

"he disputes shall be settled throu*h an arbitral a+ard

Ar!itration clauses !# re5erence(

A clause of the a*ree/ent refers to another contractual docu/ent *eneral sales conditions( itself pro$idin* an arbitration clause


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anction 5or t2e nonco&liance(

Absolute nullit, in limine litis

Art 5&2 %1( N!> DAn ob8ections related to the e=istence and $aliarbitration a*ree/ent %( /ust be raised, under the sanction of %tacit consent 7 3(, not later than the 9rst date +hen the part +assu//oned to appearF

Art 6 D"he arbitral a+ard /a be set aside if the arbitral tsettled the dispute in the absence of an arbitration a*ree/ent or ba*ree/ent that +as null, BUT the irre*ularities that ha$e not beendue ti/e cannot be relied on as *rounds for annullin* the a+ardF


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International Arbitration

Art 111' N!> Arbitration a*ree/ent

D%1( "he arbitration a*ree/ent, in order to be $alid, /ust be concluded in +ritinin a docu/ent, tele*ra/, tele=, scan, electronic /ail or an other /eans of co/that can be pro$ed throu*h a te=t

%2( As to its substance, the arbitration a*ree/ent shall be $alid if it /eets the represcribed b one of the follo+in* la+s>

a( "he la+ chosen b the partiesO

b( "he la+ *o$ernin* the sub8ect /atter of the disputeOc( "he la+ *o$ernin* the contract containin* the arbitration clauseO PorQ

d( Eo/anian la+

%'( "he $alidit of the arbitration a*ree/ent cannot be challen*ed on the *roun/ain contract is in$alid or because it relates to a dispute that has not et arisen

"he ;ects of the Arbitration


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"he ;ects of the ArbitrationA*ree/entsTo%ards t2e Parties si"natories/

Bindin* force – pacta sunt servanda

"he settle/ent of the dispute throu*h arbitration is /andator

"he parties shall perfor/ in "ood 5ait2 the arbitration a*ree/ent ful9l/ent of the perfor/ances(

Procedural conse=uences

"he e=clusion of the courts@ 8urisdiction

"he arbitration clause e/po+ers the arbitral tribunal to render an a


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EJects to%ards t2ird Parties

Eelati$it R pposabilit

!ri$at of arbitration clause – res inter alios acta aliis nenocere neque prodesse potest

7 "he principle of relati$it is attenuated in internationarbitration

"hird parties shall not disre*ard the e=istence of the arba*ree/ent

T2e e6tension o5 t2e


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T2e e6tension o5 t2ear!itration a"ree&ent Eule> "he bindin* e;ect of the arbitration clause is li/itecontractin* partiesO it does not concern third parties

L !aulian %re$ocator action(

L bliGue action

!artial e=ceptions>#roups of o/panies

#roups of ontracts


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Title III. PARTICIPANT

!arties Arbitral tribunal

Arbitral institution %ourt of Arbitration(

ourt of la+


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Procedural coarticiatio


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Procedural coarticiatio

ultipart arbitration

!articular conseGuences>• Appointin* arbitrators – see art 556 %'( N!• "he ossi!ilit# to ha$e a co//on representati$e

• L "he e;ects of an arbitral a+ard to+ards a 8oint o+nethe arbitral clai/ for restitution is 9led b another co7o%art 64' N(

• L "he i/pact of the ad/ission of the action for the annof the arbitral a+ard in case of a /andator co7partici

Reresentation


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Reresentation

Article 546 N!> Eepresentation of the parties

D%1( In arbitral disputes, parties /a /ake applications and e=ercise theirri*hts directl or throu*h a representati$e "hese representati$es can be other specialists%2( In arbitral proceedin*s, a $alid po+er of attorne pro$ided to a la+erunless it pro$ides other+ise, si*nif the part@s choice of a procedural addla+er@s oJce and shall also include the attorne@s ri*ht to e=ercise the orelated to the lapse of the arbitration pursuant to Article 56., as +ell as toaccept the e=tension of the ti/e li/it for the arbitration pro$ided for in Ar

%'( !ara*raphs %1( and %2( shall like+ise appl +hen a part is representehouse counselF

0hat@s di;erent co/parin* to Eo/anian *eneral proceedin*s

Particiation o5 t2ird art


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Particiation o5 t2ird art

Article 5.1 %1( N!>

D"hird parties /a participate in the arbitral proceedin*s pursuant 617)), but onl +ith their consent and the consent of all partiesNot+ithstandin* the abo$e, the third part inter$ention in support to the dispute is ad/issible e$en +ithout satisfin* this reGuire/en

Article '' IE Eules of Arbitration>

D"hird parties /a participate in the arbitration proceedin*s under

)) of the ode of i$il !rocedure +here such participation is possiban arbitration a*ree/ent or +here the e;ects of the arbitration a*rbet+een the parties to the dispute /a be e=tended to other partic


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B. THE ARBITRAL TRIBUNA THE CONTITUTION O THE ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL

Article 54' N! 7 Arbitral tribunal>

D:nder the arbitration a*ree/ent, the arbitration /a bdeter/ined b one or /ore persons, desi*nated b the or in accordance +ith the arbitration a*ree/ent to deciddispute and render a 9nal and bindin* decision "he sole

arbitrator or the desi*nated arbitrators, respecti$el, shconstitute the arbitral tribunal for the purposes of this B

Nu&!er o5 ar!itrators


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Nu&!er o5 ar!itrators

Article 556 N!>

D%1( "he parties shall deter/ine +hether the dispute +ill be decided b a arbitrator or b a tribunal +ith an odd nu/ber of arbitrators

%2( If the parties ha$e not a*reed on the nu/ber of arbitrators, the disputdecided b three arbitrators, one appointed b each part and the third, parbitrator shall be desi*nated b the t+o arbitratorsF

Article 11 %'( IE Eules of arbitration>

D0here parties ha$e not deter/ined the nu/ber of arbitrators, the

shall be settled b three arbitrators, one appointed b each part athird arbitrator – the presidin* arbitrator – appointed b the t+o arbor, in case of disa*ree/ent, b the president of the ourt of Arbitra

3ee art 61. N!


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Eule>•olle*ial structure of the arbitral tribunal %e=cesole arbitrator(

•dd nu/ber of /e/bers3anction> partial nullit

3olutionInternational Arbitration


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ARBITRATOR


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ARBITRATOR

Rules(

Article 556 N!>

DIf there are /ultiple clai/ants or /ultiple respondents, the partco//on interests shall appoint one arbitratorF

Article 55) N!>

DAn clause in an arbitration a*ree/ent shall be null and $oid to that it confers a pri$ile*e on one of the parties desi*natin* the arbpro$ides one part +ith the ri*ht to appoint an arbitrator on beother part or to ha$e /ore arbitrators than the other partF


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Article 558. Appointment o arbitrators

D%1( "he arbitrators are appointed, re$oked or replaced in accordance +ith the arbitra*ree/ent%2( 0hen the sole arbitrator of the arbitrators, as the case /a be, +ere not na/ed arbitration a*ree/ent and the arbitration a*ree/ent does not pro$ide a /ethod of athe part resortin* to arbitration shall reGuest the other part, in +ritin*, to /ake appursuant to Articles 556%2( and %'(%'( "he reGuest shall indicate the na/e, do/icile, and as far as possible, the personprofessional infor/ation of the proposed sole arbitrator or the arbitrator desi*nated resortin* to arbitration, as +ell as a brief description of the clai/s and their le*al bas%4("he part recei$in* the reGuest /ust, +ithin 1< das fro/ its receipt, co//unica

to the proposal to appoint the sole arbitrator or, as the case /a be, pro$ide the na/and, as far as possible, the personal and professional infor/ation of its desi*ned arb%5( 0hen proposin* their arbitrators, either throu*h the arbitration a*ree/ent or as para*raphs %2(7%4( abo$e, the parties shall also propose a substitute arbitrator in the/ain arbitrator +ould be or +ould beco/e unable to ful9ll his or her appoint/entF


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Article 559. Acceptance o the arbitrator’s appointment

D"he acceptance of the appoint/ents /ust be /ade in +ritin* anco//unicated to the parties +ithin 5 das fro/ the receappoint/ent proposal $ia post, telefa=, electronic /ail or an otensurin* the trans/ission of the acceptance and the con9r/areceiptF

Article 560. Appointment o the presiding arbitrator

D"he t+o arbitrators shall appoint the presidin* arbitrator and thearbitrator +ithin 1< das of the last acceptance of their appoint/ents "he presidin* arbitrator shall co/pl +ith the prArticle 55&F


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Procedural TEP(

Appoint/ent of arbitrators accordin* to>H the arbitration a*ree/ent

H secondaril, Book no IV N!

Acceptance of the arbitrator@s appoint/ent

onstitution of the arbitral tribunal

Article 566 N!> onstitution of the arbitral tribunalD%1( "he arbitral tribunal is considered constituted on the date of acceptance b the sor, as the case /a be, of the last acceptance b an arbitrator or the presidin* arbitra

%2( "he date of acceptance is the date +hen the notice of acceptance pro$ided for in sub/ittedF

ar!itrators(


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Ad 2oc ar!itration 4 court o5 *rst instance

Article 561 N!> Appoint/ent of arbitrators b the courtD%1( "he part resortin* to arbitration /a petition the court speci9ed in Article 54)%+ith the appoint/ent of the arbitrator or, as the case /a be, the presidin* arbitratoparties disa*ree on the appoint/ent of the sole arbitrator, or if a part fails to /ake appoint/ent, or if the t+o arbitrators do not a*ree on the presidin* arbitrator%2( 0ithin 1< das of recei$in* the position, the court shall, after su//onin* the pardecision that shall not be sub8ect to appealF

Institutional ar!itration 4 court o5 ar!itration

Article 61. %1( N!> DIn case the parties cannot a*ree on the sole arbitratopart does not appoint its arbitrator or the t+o co7arbitrators cannot apresidin* arbitrator, the president of the arbitral institution shall be theauthorit, unless the procedural rules of the institution or the parties pro$ide

INCIDENT AECTING THE CONTITU


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INCIDENT AECTING THE CONTITUO THE ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL

Inco/patibilit %tpes of conTicts that disGualif 8ud*esO see Article

N!( hallen*e

Ee$ocation

Abstention 7 see Article 562 %4( N!

Eesi*nation

ecease

Arbitrators – independent R i/partial

3ee IBA #uidelines on onTicts of Interest in International Arbitratio


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3tatus

Article 565. iabilit! o arbitrators

DArbitrators are liable, as prescribed b la+, for the da/a*e causeda( Eesi*n, +ithout cause, after acceptin* the appoint/entO

b( Kail, +ithout cause, to participate in the resolution of the dispute or dothe a+ard +ithin the ter/ reGuired b the arbitration a*ree/ent of the

c( o not obser$e the con9dential character of the arbitration, b either p

or disclosin* infor/ation acGuired in their capacit as arbitrators +ithoparties@ appro$alO or

d( Breach other duties in bad faith or *ross ne*li*enceF


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o&eten> 4 o&eten> Article ,,7 NCPC

0T2e conclusion o5 t2e ar!itration a"ree&ent e6cludes t2e 1urisdiction o5 t2e courts o'er t2e resolution o5 t2e disutesit re5ers3.

Article ,F $/ NCPC

0On t2e *rst 2earin" date %it2 t2e le"al rocedure co&let

tri!unal s2all e6a&ine its o%n 1urisdiction to resol'e t2e dis


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International ar!itration

Article 111& N! -urisdiction of the tribunal

D%1( "he arbitral tribunal shall deter/ine its o+n 8urisdiction

%2("he arbitral tribunal shall deter/ine its o+n 8urisdictiotakin* into account an proceedin* in$ol$in* the sa/e partiesa/e sub8ect /atter +hich is alread pendin* before a co

arbitral tribunal, e=cept +hen serious *rounds co/pel suspthe proceedin*s

%'(An 8urisdictional ob8ection shall be raised before an dthe /eritsF


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urisdiction o5 t2e court 1 "he parties do not ascertain the arbitration a*ree/e

2 "he parties ascertain the arbitration a*ree/ent

7 ecline 8urisdiction – institutional arbitration

7 Ee8ect the clai/ as not fallin* +ithin its 8urisdiction –arbitration

7 Eetain 8urisdiction


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Article 554%2( N!

D"he court shall retain P8urisdictionQ and resol$e the dispute if>

a( "he defendant has presented its defenses on the /erits, +ithouan reser$ation based on the arbitration a*ree/entO

b( "he arbitration a*ree/ent is $oid or inoperati$e

c( "he arbitral tribunal cannot be constituted for reasons /anifesti/putable to the defendantF


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Article 1

a( "he defendant did not in$oke the arbitration e=ception b the dit +as le*all noti9ed to appearO

b( "he co/petent court 9nds that the arbitration a*ree/ent is $oiinoperati$eO

c( "he arbitral tribunal cannot be constituted or the sole arbitratorappointed for reasons /anifestl i/putable to the defendantF


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EIING THE ARBITRAL


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TRIBUNAL REUET OR ARBITRATION

Article 5)1 %1( N!> D"he arbitral tribunal is sei?ed b the clai/ant throu*h a +ritten reGuest, +hich s

a( oordinates of the partiesO

b( "he na/e and capacit of the person representin* the part, if applicable, to*ether +of attorneO

c( A reference to the arbitration a*ree/ent, to*ether +ith a cop of the contract that cocop of the arbitration a*ree/ent if it +as concluded separatel or in the for/ of a sua*ree/entO

d( "he sub8ect /atter and the a/ount of the clai/, as +ell as the /ethod b +hich the adeter/inedO

e( "he factual and le*al *rounds as +ell as the supportin* e$idenceO

f( "he na/e and do/icile of the /e/bers of the arbitral tribunalO and

*( "he si*nature of the partF


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Is t2e state&ent o5 de5ense co&ulsor# in ar!itration

Article ,F7 7/ NCPC( 0I5 t2e tri!unal considers t2at t2e nonsu!&ission o5 t2e stao5 de5ense 1usti*es a dela# in t2e roceedin"s9 t2e resond!e co&elled to a# t2e ar!itral e6enses caused !# t2e de

Article ,F- NCPC. THE COUNTERCLAIM

0I5 t2e resondent 2as clai&s a"ainst t2e clai&ant arisin" osa&e le"al relation9 it &a# su!&it a counterclai&3.

ER;ING PROCEDURAL AC


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Article 5)2 N! 3ub/ission of the reGuest for arbitrat

D"he clai/ant shall sub/it to the respondent and each arbitrators a cop of the reGuest for arbitration as +ell adocu/ents anne=ed theretoF

Ide/ 7 status of defense

NB> nu/ber of copiesU


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Article 5)) N! o//unication of procedural docu/ents

D%1( "he co//unication of docu/ents related to the dispute,arbitral a+ards and interlocutor orders %court hearin* /inutesbet+een or to the parties shall be /ade b re*istered /ail +itdeclared contents and con9r/ation of receipt Noti9cation of tor of other /easures ordered b the arbitral tribunal /a be /telefa=, electronic /ail or other /eans that ensure the trans/the te=t of the docu/ent and con9r/ation of receipt is obtaine

%2(ocu/ents /a also be handed directl to the parties, pro$a si*ned con9r/ation of receipt is obtained

%'(!roof of co//unication shall be sub/itted to the 9leF

CONDUCT O THE


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PROCEEDING UNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE(

!rocedural eGualit efense %includin* disclosure(

"he ri*ht to dispose

ontradictorialit – Ei*ht to be heard

ral proceedin*s %ri*ht of audience(

NKIN"IAI"

RULE O ARBITRATION


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Article 5)6 N! Applicable rules of procedure

D%1( In their arbitration a*ree/ent, the parties /a deter/ine the proceduapplicable to the arbitration or /a authori?e the arbitral tribunal to deter/irules "hese rules shall be co/ple/ented, +here rele$ant, +ith the pro$isionpresent Book

%2( 0hen the parties choose institutional arbitration, the pro$isions of Articleshall appl

%'( In all other cases, the arbitral procedure shall be deter/ined b the prese

AD HOC ARBITRATION

1 Arbitration a*ree/ent

2 Arbitral "ribunal

' Book no IV


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INTITUTIONAL ARBITRATION

Article 61) %2( N!>

DIn case of disa*ree/ent bet+een the arbitration a*reeand the rules of the arbitral institution referenced in thaa*ree/ent, the arbitration a*ree/ent pre$ailsF

Article 61& N!> Eules of arbitration

Ti li it


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Ti&e li&it Article ,?F. Ti&e li&it 5or t2e ar!itration

D%1( If the parties ha$e not pro$ided other+ise, the arbitral tribunal /ust rea+ard not later than 6 /onths fro/ its constitution, under the sanction of lapsarbitration

%2( "he ti/e li/it shall be suspended pendin* a challen*e or an other ancillato the court speci9ed in Article 54)

%'( 0ithin the ti/e li/it speci9ed in para*raph %1(, the parties /a a*ree in +e=tend the ti/e li/it for the arbitration

%4( "he arbitral tribunal can decide, for a 8usti9able reason, to e=tend the ti/earbitration once, for no /ore than ' /onths

%5( "he ti/e li/it for the arbitration shall be auto/aticall e=tended b ' /onthe death of one of the partiesF

International arbitration> dou!le


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INTERIM MEAURE


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Article 5.5 N! onser$ator and pro$isional /easures

D%1( Before or durin* the arbitration, an part /a address the courin Article 54) to issue conser$ator and pro$isional /easures related tosub8ect /atter of the dispute or to ackno+led*e certain factual circu/s

%2( "his reGuest shall be acco/panied b copies of the reGuest for arbitthe absence thereof, b the proof of co//unication speci9ed in Article +ell as the arbitration a*ree/ent

%'( "he part reGuestin* such /easures shall infor/ the tribunal of thei

%4( urin* the proceedin*s, the arbitral tribunal /a also issue conser$pro$isional /easures, and it /a ackno+led*e certain factual circu/staparties refuse to co/pl, the court shall order enforce/ent of these /epursuant to para*raph %1(F


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Subject:

onser$ator and pro$isional /easures ackno+factual circu/stances

Documents required:

Arbitral clai/co//unication related to the consof the arbitral tribunal arbitration a*ree/ent

When:

Before or durin* the arbitration


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urisdiction:

Before 7 national tribunal

urin* 7 national tribunal arbitral tribunal B:" if threfuse to co/pl – court enforce/ent

N E#:A"IN KE E#N AEBI"EA"E

"he /inutes of the arbitral tribunal 7 action for annul/e5 das fro/ the co//unication of the challen*ed order

"he decision of the court of appeal 7 9nal


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Article 111) N!> D%1( "he arbitral tribunal /a *rant pro$isional or con/easures of either part, if the arbitration a*ree/ent does nother+ise

%2( If the part concerned does not $oluntaril co/pl /easures ordered, the arbitral tribunal /a reGuest assistanc

co/petent court %tribunalul competent (, +hich shall appl its "he arbitrator or the 8ud*e /a condition the *rantin* of a por a conser$ator /easure on the pro$ision of adeGuate secur


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ETENION( arties+ar!itral tri!unal

Article ,?F 7/ NCPC> D0ithin the ti/e li/it spepara*raph %1(, the parties /a a*ree in +ritin* to e=tendli/it for the arbitrationF

Article ,?F -/ NCPC> D"he arbitral tribunal can deci 8usti9able reason, to e=tend the ti/e li/it for the arbitratfor no /ore than ' /onthsF

Article ,?F ,/ NCPC> D"he ti/e li/it for the arbitrationauto/aticall e=tended b ' /onths upon the death of opartiesF


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$apse of the arbitration – sanction under condition

Article 56. N!> D%1( n the 9rst date +hen the parties are le*all noti9ed % primul termen de "udecata(, the /ust declare in +ritin*, under thof +ai$er %decadere(, +hether the intend to assert that the Pti/theQ arbitration has e=pired %caducitate(

%2( 0hen the least one of the parties has /ade the declaration s

para*raph %1(, the arbitral tribunal shall /ake, upon the e=pir oli/it speci9ed in Article 56), a decision declarin* that the Pti/e li/arbitration has e=pired, unless the parties ha$e e=pressl declaredthat the +ai$e the ri*ht to in$oke the lapse, in +hich case tproceedin*s shall continueF


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PLACE

Article 56& N!> D"he parties shall deter/ine the place of the arbitration Absent supro$ision, the arbitral tribunal shall 9= the place of the arbitrationF

Abstract concept – decided b the parties

N" "C CAS:AE"E3 K "C AEBI"EA IN3"I":"IN

IE – the place of the arbitration is at the headGuarters of the ou

Arbitration in Bucharest

N3S:N3> territorial 8urisdiction of the court


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IRT HEARING


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IRT HEARING Article 5). N! =a/ination of the 9le

D%1( :pon the e=pir of the ti/e li/it in +hich the state/ent of defens9led, the arbitral tribunal shall e=a/ine +hether the dispute is ripe for heif it considers it necessar, it shall order the necessar /easures for co/9le

After this e=a/ination or, +here rele$ant, after the co/pletion of the 9le,arbitral tribunal shall 9= the hearin* date and shall notif the partiesF

Article 5.< N! "er/ for noti9cation

DBet+een the receipt of the 9rst notice and the hearin* date there /ust binter$al of at least 15 dasF

Meanin"s(

Enu&erate connotations last c2ance to( 9 9 ./

HEARING


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HEARING !articipation

Article 58# $%&%. Absence o a part!

D"he absence of a part that +as le*all noti9ed shall not i/pede theproceedin*s, unless the absent part reGuests, at least ' das before tdate, a postpone/ent on serious *rounds and noti9es the other part arbitrators of this reGuest +ithin the sa/e ti/e li/it "he arbitral tribuha$e e=clusi$e co/petence to deter/ine +hether the *rounds for a paabsence are +ell7founded and +hether the 8ustif the postpone/ent hearin*, its decision bein* 9nalF

Article 58' $%&%. (equesting resolution o the dispute in absentia DAn part /a reGuest in +ritin* that the dispute be resol$ed in its abbased on the e$idence sub/itted in the case "he pro$isions of Article appl accordin*lF


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Article 58) $%&%. Absence o both parties

DIf both parties, thou*h le*all noti9ed, fail to appear on thdate, the arbitral tribunal shall resol$e the dispute, postpone/ent +as reGuested on serious *rounds "he arbitrshall ha$e e=clusi$e co/petence to deter/ine +hether thfor postpone/ent are +ell founded, its decision bein* 9nal

$en if the parties do not reGuest a postpone/ent, the arbitr

/a postpone the hearin*s b notifin* the parties if it constheir presence at the hearin*s is necessar or b *rantin* a +ithin +hich the parties /a sub/it +ritten pleadin*sF

an the arbitral tribunal suspend the proceedin*s due to theof the partiesL

E;IDENCE


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E;IDENCE Article 5.6 N! Burden of proof

D%1( ach part bears the burden of pro$in* tsupportin* its clai/ or defense in the dispute

%2( In order to resol$e the dispute, the arbitral /a solicit +ritten e=planations fro/ the partiesto the sub8ect /atter of the reGuest Pfor arbitratithe facts of the dispute, and it /a order the subof an tpe of e$idence pro$ided b la+F


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PROPOAL

W2en(

Article 5.) %1( N!>

D"he e$idence that +as not sou*ht in the reGuest for aor state/ent of defense cannot be reGuested duproceedin*s, e=cept for the cases pro$ided for in Article


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Calendar(

Article 5.) %2( N!> D"he arbitral tribunal shall ha$e e=clusi$e co/petence tdeter/ine the /aterialit, rele$ance and +ei*ht of the eproposed b the parties After consultin* +ith the partiearbitral tribunal /a 9= deadlines for the sub/ission of appro$ed e$idence % probe *ncuviintate( :pon the e=pir

these deadlines, the sub/ission of e$idence cannot takeunless the tribunal considers that this is essential for theappropriate resolution of the disputeF

anction( WAI;ER


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DOCUMENT

Article 5&2 %2( N!> DAn applications and docu/ents shall be sub/itted not later thadate to +hich the parties +ere le*all noti9ed to appear "he prArticle 5.) shall appl accordin*lF

Article 5&< N! Infor/ation held b public authorities

D%1( "he arbitral tribunal /a reGuest +ritten infor/ation fro/

authorities about their actions that are necessar for the resoludispute

%2( If the public authorit refuses to pro$ide such infor/ation, altreGuire/ents set forth in Article 2&.%2( are not /et, the partarbitrators /a address the court speci9ed in Article 54), +hich +i/easures speci9ed in Article 2&.%1(F


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WITNEE K EPERT

Article 5.& N! Cearin* of +itnesses and e=perts D%1( 0itnesses and e=perts shall be heard +ithout ad/inisterin

%2(0itnesses and e=perts /a be heard, at their reGuest or consent, at their residence or place of business "he arbitral tribalso ask the/ to pro$ide +ritten ans+ers to its Guestions, *rantiti/e li/it to+ards this end

%'("he arbitral tribunal can neither co/pel nor sanction +ite=perts "o obtain such /easures, the parties /a address speci9ed in Article 54)F


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OBECTION rocedleas/


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leas/ Article 5&2%1( N!>

DAn ob8ects related to the e=istence and $alidit of the a*ree/ent, the constitution of the tribunal, the scope of the a/andate and the ad/inistration of the proceedin*s before the+hen the part +as le*all noti9ed to appear /ust be raised, sanction of +ai$er %sanctiunea decarerii(, not later than this ter/shorter ter/ +as 9=edF

Article 5&2%'( N!>

DAn procedural irre*ularit shall be accepted if the interested partraise it at the ter/ it occurred or, if it failed to appear at that terthe 9rst date +hen it +as present or le*all noti9ed to appeairre*ularit occurred but before the parties sub/it their ar*u/e/eritsF


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PROCEEDING KUPERANNUATION


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7 "he proceedin*s can be suspended – the arbi

+ill continue after the cause ceases "he /inutes can be challen*ed as lon* as thesuspension lasts – action for annul/ent co//pro$isionsU

7 "he proceedin*s can lapse %beco/e out of da

/onths after the last procedural act

CON;EANCE deed o5 "


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" "he parities can dispose of their ri*ht of propert

throu*h>

7 0ai$e arbitration or the ri*ht settled throu*harbitration itself

7 onclude a transaction a*ree/ent – =pedienarbitral a+ard 7 Accept the clai/s of the opponent part or +ari*ht to 9le an annul/ent clai/ of the arbitral a+%N after it is rendered – Article 6


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7 r*ani?ation and ad/inistration of the procee

7 Arbitrators@ fees 7 =penses %e$idences, tra$el e=penses etc(

Arbitration a*ree/ent

In the absence – the losin* part


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Ad hoc arbitration – Articles 5&576


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"he arbitral tribunal /a not co//ence the proceedin*the deposit, ad$ance or pa/ent of the costs

"he costs can be challen*ed in front of the national couenforceable and non7appealable decision

0hat happens +hen the arbitral a+ard is annulled and tof appeal re/ands the dispute to the arbitral tribunalL


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International arbitration

Article 1122 N! D:nless the parties other+ise pro$ide, the arbitrator@s fetra$el e=penses are borne b the appointin* partF

3ole arbitrator !resident – the parties shall bear the e=in eGual shares

AEBI"EA "EIB:NA CAEININ:"3


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Article 5&' N! Cearin* record %Xncheierea de

YedinWZ( D%1( "he oral ar*u/ents shall be recorded in thehearin* record

%2( An order of the arbitral tribunal shall be rein the hearin* record and shall be reasonedF


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Ele&ents(

"he hearin* record shall include>

a( Na/e of the arbitrators, place R dateO

b( oordinates of the parties R participantsO

c( A brief description of the sessionO

d( "he applications and sub/issions of the partiesO

e( "he *rounds underlin* the orders Pof the arbitral tribunalQO

f( "he dispositi$e partO

*( "he si*natures of the arbitratorsO "he dissentin* arbitrator shall dsi*n the separateconcurrin* opinion


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Article 5&' %5( N!>

D"he parties ha$e the ri*ht to e=a/ininterlocutor orders and the docu/ents on 9arbitral tribunal /a subseGuentl correct or the hearin* record b issuin* another hearin* rethe reGuest of the parties or b its o+n /otio

reGuest, a cop of the hearin* record sco//unicated to the partiesF


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Article ,- NCPC. C2allen"es to t2e 2earin" record

Action for annul/ent>

Da( rders suspendin* the arbitral proceedin*s – so lon* as the pare suspendedO

b( rders directin* conser$ator or pro$isional /easures R

c( rders re8ectin* as inad/issible the petition to sei?e the oourt on the constitutionalit of a le*al pro$ision 7 +ithin 5 da

co//unication of the challen*ed orderF DIn the action for annul/ent, besides the *rounds speci9eannul/ent action, the initiatin* part /a also in$oke the failure+ith the conditions pro$ided b the la+F

D"he court of appeal /a, dependin* on the circu/stances, /aintor ter/inate the /easures that the arbitral tribunal ordered in t

Title I;. ARBITRAL AWARD


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Article ?@) NCPC. Deli!erations and issuance o5 t2e a%ard

D%1( In all cases, the issuance of the a+ard /ust be preceded bdeliberation of the arbitrators, pursuant to the /ethod set forth in tarbitration a*ree/ent, or, in the absence thereof, b the arbitral tr

%2( "he issuance of the a+ard /a be postponed b a /a=i/u/ ofpro$ided that it falls +ithin the ti/e li/it for the arbitration

%'( "he a+ard shall be /ade b a /a8orit of $otes

%4( After deliberations, the /inutes shall be drafted, brieT su//a

dispositi$e part of the a+ard and indicatin* dissentin* opinions, if a

KE R N"N"3


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0ritten for/

Introduction

Eeasons

ispositi$e


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Article 60'. Arbitral a,ard

D%1( "he a+ard shall be /ade in +ritin* and /ust contain>

a( "he na/es of the arbitrators as +ell as the place and the date of the issuance of the a+a

b( oordinates of the parties, representati$es and an other participantO

c( A reference to the arbitration a*ree/ent underlin* the proceedin*sO

d( "he sub8ect /atter of the dispute and a brief description of the sub/issions of the partie

e( "he factual and le*al *rounds for the a+ard and, in the case of arbitration ex aequo et bo*rounds leadin* to the solutionO

f( "he dispositi$e partO*( "he si*natures of all arbitrators and, +here applicable, the si*nature of the secretar of t

%2( "he dissertin* arbitrator shall si*n a separate opinion, sho+in* the *rounds upon +hich it is rule also applies to concurrin* opinionsF


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A&end&ent

DIf the arbitral tribunal failed to deal +ith a /ain clai/, ancillar or an incidental clai/ in the arbitral a+ard, an/a reGuest an a/end/ent of the a+ard

"he reGuest to interpret or a/end the a+ard /ust be su+ithin $@ da#s fro/ the receipt of the a+ard and shall bresol$ed b the arbitral tribunal, a5ter noti5#in" the pa

a searate a%ard3


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D"he interpretation a+ard, the supple/ental a+ardrecti9cation order %*ncheierea de *ndreptare( shall b

+ithout dela and shall be an inte*ral part of the arbitra

"he parties cannot be co/pelled to pa the costs a+ith the interpretation, a/end/ent or recti9cationa+ardF

EJects


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Di'estin" the arbitral tribunal

Artcile 6 D"he arbitral a+ard co//unicated to the partiesand !indin"3

Ees 8udicata

nforceable character

$identiar character

ACTION OR ANNULMENT


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REAON

Article 6 D"he arbitral a+ard /a onl be set asthrou*h an action for annul/ent for one of the follo+in* reaa( "he disute %as not caa!le o5 resolution !# ar!itrationO

b( "he arbitral tribunal resol$ed the dispute in the absence of an ar!ita"ree&ent or based on an a*ree/ent that +as null or inoperati$eO

c( "he ar!itral tri!unal +as not constituted in accordance +ith the ara*ree/entO

d( "heart# %as not resent

at the oral ar*u/ent and the noti9catiprocedure +as not le*all co/pletedO

e( "he a+ard +as /ade after the e6ir# o5 t2e ti&e li&it for the arbe$en if at least one of the parties declared that it understood


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f( "he arbitral tribunal dealt +ith /atters not reGuested b the paa+arded /ore than it +as reGuestedO PLU+ETRA PETITA

*( "he ar!itral a%ard does not contain the dispositi$e part and treasonin*, does not indicate the date and place of issuance, or si*ned b the arbitratorsO

h( "he arbitral a+ard infrin*es u!lic order, *ood /orals or the /pro$isions of the la+O

i( If, after the a+ard is /ade, the Constitutional Court decides ob8ection raised in that case, declarin* unconstitutional a la+, a

*o$ern/ent ordinance or a pro$ision of la+ or an ordinance thasub8ect of that ob8ection, or other pro$isions fro/ the challen*ele*islation +hich, necessaril and clearl, cannot be dissociatedpro$isions /entioned in the action for annul/entF

NB Restricted enu&eration – the reasons shall not bee=tended


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O C O O


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ETTLEMENT O THE ACTION OR ANNULMENT

urisdiction – Article 61< N!>

D"he action for annul/ent falls +ithin the co/petence of the court of appeal in the 8+here the arbitration took placeF

Ti&e li&it

Article 611 N! "i/e li/it for the application

D"he application for annul/ent shall be 9led +ith the court of appeal +ithin $ MONTdate +hen the arbitral a+ard +as co//unicatedF

Interretation9 a&end&ent or correction, the ti/e li/it runs fro/ the date of t

co//unication of the a+ard or, as the case /a be, of the order % *ncheiere( b +hicapplication +as resol$ed

A le*al pro$ision +as declared unconstitutional 7 7 MONTH fro/ the publicationdecision of the onstitutional ourt in the Eo/anian Jcial #a?ette


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PROCEEDING

Article 61' N! Eesolution of the action for annul/en D0hen decidin* the action for annul/ent, the court of ashall sit in panels as pro$ided b la+ for decidin* cases instance roceedin"s3 $ UDGE

D"he state/ent of defense shall be /andatorF

E'idences

N docu/ents

i


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usension

Article 612 N!> D"he court of appeal can suspend thee=ecution of the arbitral a+ard a*ainst +hich an action fannul/ent +as 9ledF

3ecurit – /a=i/u/ 1


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ETTLEMENT

Re1ect9 annul or ad&it t2e clai& Dn 9ndin* the action for annul/ent ad&issi!lcourt of appeal shall annul t2e ar!itral a%ardshall>a( ispute not arbitrable, no arbitration a*ree/ent, lap

arbitration 7 send the dispute for resolution to the cocourtO

b( In all other cases speci9ed in Article 6


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b( In all other cases speci9ed in Article 6


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Article 1121 N! A+ard

D%1( "he arbitral a+ard shall be /ade in accordance +ith the procedure athe parties In the absence of an such pro$ision in the arbitration a*ree/earbitral a+ard shall be /ade b a /a8orit of $otes, and in case there is no the decision of the presidin* arbitrator shall pre$ail

%2( "he arbitral a+ard shall be in +ritin*, shall state the reasons, and shall band si*ned b all the arbitrators

%'( "he arbitral a+ard shall be 9nal and bindin* upon co//unication to the

and /a be challen*ed onl throu*h an action for annul/ent on the *roundunder the conditions set forth in Book IV, +hich shall appl accordin*l

%4( "he arbitral tribunal /a render partial a+ards, unless the arbitration apro$ides other+iseF


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122/133


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Article 112) N! EeGuest Pfor reco*nition and enforce


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Article 112) N! EeGuest Pfor reco*nition and enforce

D%1( "he part relin* on a forei*n arbitral a+ard /a reGuest its reco*nition +ith the ai/ of in$okin* res 8udic/a reGuest the enforce/ent Pof the arbitral a+ardQ onEo/anian territor +hen Pthe arbitral a+ardQ is not $oluco/plied +ith in Eo/ania

%2("he reco*nition of a forei*n arbitral a+ard /a also breGuested as an au=iliar /atter

%'("he reGuest interrupts the prescription of the ri*ht tothe arbitral a+ardF

Article 112. N! ocu/ents acco/panin* the reGue


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Article 112. N! ocu/ents acco/panin* the reGue

D%1( "he reGuest shall be acco/panied b the ori*inaop of the arbitral a+ard and the arbitration a*ree/eshall be notari?ed %suprale*ali?ate(

%2(If the docu/ents speci9ed in para*raph %1( are not dthe Eo/anian lan*ua*e, the reGuestin* part /ust alsothe certi9ed translation in Eo/anianF

Article 112& N! #rounds for refusal of reco*nition and enforce/


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*

D%1( Eeco*nition and enforce/ent of forei*n arbitral a+ards shall

if the part a*ainst +ho/ the forei*n arbitral a+ard is in$oked e=istence of one of the follo+in* circu/stances>a( "he parties did not ha$e the capacit to conclude the arbitration

under the la+ applicable to each of the/ in accordance +ith the la+ +here the arbitral a+ard has been /adeO

b( "he arbitration a*ree/ent is not $alid under the la+ to +hich the psub8ected it or, failin* an indication thereof, under the la+ of the co

the arbitral a+ard +as /adeOc( "he part a*ainst +ho/ the arbitral a+ard is in$oked +as not *i$en p

of the appoint/ent of the arbitrator or of the arbitration proceedother+ise unable to present its defense in the arbitrationO

ENORCEMENT O OREIGARBITRAL AWARDd( "he constitution of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitral procedure


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accordance +ith the a*ree/ent of the parties, or, absent such a*renot in accordance +ith the la+ of the place +here the arbitration took

e( "he arbitral a+ard deals +ith a di;erence not conte/plated b o+ithin the ter/s of the arbitration a*ree/ent, or it contains decisionsbeond the scope of the arbitration a*ree/ent If, ho+e$er, thcontained in the arbitral a+ard that concern /atters sub/itted to arbbe separated fro/ those not so sub/itted, the for/er /a be recoenforcedO or

f( "he arbitral a+ard has not et beco/e bindin* on the parties, or h

aside or suspended b a co/petent authorit of the countr in +hich, la+ of +hich, that a+ard +as /adeF


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Article 11'1 N! ecision


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D%1( "he reGuest for reco*nition and enforce/ent of arbitral a+ard shall be deter/ined b a decision *i$en parties ha$e been su//oned and Pthat decisionQ canattacked b an appeal

%2("he reGuest /a be decided +ithout su//onin* thif it appears fro/ the arbitral a+ard that the defendan

ob8ect to the 9lin* of the action Pfor reco*nitenforce/entQF

Article 11'2 N! $identiar character


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DKorei*n arbitral a+ards rendered b a co/petent arbitr

tribunal ha$e e$identiar character in Eo/ania in relatiofacts that the establishF

Article 11'' N! =a/inin* the /erits of the case

D"he court %tribunalul( cannot e=a/ine the /erits of thea+ardF


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"hank ouU

R #ood luckU