SAS Topik 7 Sem II 2011 12 Sustainability

8/13/2019 SAS Topik 7 Sem II 2011 12 Sustainability

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HUMAN SOCIETY HUMAN SOCIETY &&

SUSTAINABLESUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMDEVELOPMENENT T

KU1201 Sistem Alam & SemestaKU1201 Sistem Alam & Semesta

1

Miller, G.T. & S.E. Spoolman. 2012. Living in the Environment.Seventeenth edition. Brooks/Cole, Belmont, CA (USA)



Recall from previous lectures: the human society is currently facing

many environmental problems as negative impacts of cultural change.

We must overcome these problems in order to survive and achieve

sustainability of the biosphere.

2Miller & Spoolman (2012)



In this lecture:In this lecture:

CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY

CASE EXAMPLE FOR SUSTAINABILITY

-The issue of biodiversity

SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS TO VARIOUSISSUES IN SOCIETY:

- Other issues : urbanization ener etc.

- Economic perspectives

ENVIRONMENTAL WORLD VIEWS



CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY

Nature has

sustained itself for

billions of years by

relying on solar

energy,

biodiversity, and

chemical c clin .

Our lives andeconomies depend

sun and on natural

resources and

provided by the

earth.

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nature):

◦ Solar ener rel on the sun

◦ Biodiversity promote multiple options for life

◦ Chemical cycling reduce waste and recycle

Our ultimate goal should be to achieve an

—

meets the current and future basic resource needs

of its people in a just and equitable manner withoutcompromising the ability of future generations to

meet their basic needs

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CASE EXAMPLE FOR SUSTAINABILITY

Recall from previous lectures: Species diversity is a major component of

.

Human activities are decreasing biodiversity by causing the extinction of many

species and by destroying or degrading habitats needed for the development ofnew s ecies.

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Biodiversity hotspots on EarthBiodiversity hotspots on Earth

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Species are becoming extinct 100 to 1,000 times faster than they were before

modern humans arrived on earth, and by the end of this century, the

ex nc on ra e s expec e o e , mes g er an a ac grounrate.

We should prevent speeding up the extinction of wild species because of the

,

believe that wild species have a right to exist regardless of their usefulness to

us.

8Gajah Sumatera mati diracun di kebun sawit

yustisi.com/2010/



We can hel to sustain terrestrial biodiversit b identif in and rotectin severel

threatened areas (biodiversity hotspots), restoring damaged ecosystems (usingrestoration ecology), and sharing with other species much of the land we dominate

(using reconciliation ecology).

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Sustaining marine fisheries will require improved monitoring of fish and shellfish populations,

cooperative fisheries management among communities and nations, reduction of fishing

subsidies, and careful consumer choices in seafood markets Sustaining the world’s aquatic biodiversity requires mapping it, protecting aquatic hotspots,

creating large, fully protected marine reserves, protecting freshwater ecosystems, and carrying

out ecological restoration of degraded coastal and inland wetlands.

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SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS TO VARIOUS ISSUES

Urbanization continues to increase

steadily and the numbers and sizes,

especially in less-developed

countries.

Most cities are unsustainablebecause of high levels of resource

use, waste, pollution, and poverty.

In some countries, many people live

depend mostly on motor vehicles

for their trans ortation.

11www.thejakartapost.comen.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jakarta_slumhome_2.jpg



Urban land-use planningcan help to reduce

slow the resulting

de radation of air water

land, biodiversity, and

other natural resources.

Smart growth or newurbanism tools prevent

growth and sprawl.

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oncept o

Use solar and other locally available,

renewa e energy resources

Design buildings to be heated and cooled

as much as possible by natural means. Build and redesi n cities for eo le not

for cars.

Use energy and matter resources

efficiently.

revent po ut on an re uce waste.

Reuse, recycle, and compost 60–85% ofall municipal solid waste.

Protect and encoura e biodiversit b

preserving undeveloped land and

protecting and restoring natural systems

and wetlands in and around cities. romote ur an gar ens, armers mar ets,

and community-supported agriculture.

Use zoning and other tools to keep

urban s rawl at environmentall

sustainable levels.

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IN SOCIETY : ENERGY

sharply increasing the energy efficiency

of industrial o erations, motor vehicles,appliances, and buildings.

We can make the transition to a more

sustaina e energy uture y◦ greatly improving energy efficiency

◦ using a mix of renewable energy resources

◦ including the environmental costs of energy

resources in their market prices.

-

include: solar, tidal, wind, geothermal,

hydroelectric and biofuel energy; each

with its advantages and disadvantages.14



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Using the same principles, we

can produce food more

sustainabl .

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the consumption of

matter and energyresources, an re uces

pollution and natural

capital degradation;

recycling does so to alesser degree.

A sustainable a roach

to hazardous waste is

first to produce less of it,

it, then to convert it to

less hazardous materials,

what is left.18



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:

,

nature to treat sewage, cut resource use and waste, reduce poverty,

and slow population growth.

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Examples of solutions to reduce air pollution:

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n econom c sys em s a soc a ns u on roug w c

goods and services are produced, distributed, and

’

the most efficient way possible.

Ecological economists and most sustainability experts

regard human economic systems as subsystems of thebiosphere.

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Resources are limited and we should not waste them, and there

are no substitutes for most types of natural capital.



ere sere s aa s ng roms ng rom eeconom cconom c growgrow ooenvironmentally sustainable economicenvironmentally sustainable economic

eve opmen :eve opmen :

Encourages environmentally sustainableforms of economic growth that meet the

basic needs of the current and future

genera ons o umans an o er spec es

Discourages environmentally harmful and

unsustainable forms of economic rowth

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sustainably by including their

harmful environmental andea t costs in t e mar et

prices of goods and services

(full-cost pricing); by subsidizing

environmentally beneficial

goods and services; and by

taxin ollution and waste

instead of wages and profits.

Consumers should have more

the harmful environmental

and health effects of the

.

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Using sustainable economic

develo ment as the basis for

developing an environmentallysustainable society requires :

governments, businesses, and

individuals to integrate social,

economic, environmental goals

and policies

27http://consult.eastriding.gov.uk/events/2359/popimage_d18255426e1375.html



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ENVIRONMENTAL WORLD VIEWS

Environmental worldviews—how people think the world works and what

they believe their role in the world should be.

Major environmental worldviews differ on which is more important—

human needs and wants OR the overall health of ecosystems

and the biosphere ?

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Differing opinions about

environmental problems arisemostly out of differing

environmental worldviews.

Your environmental worldview

is your set of assumptions and

values reflectin how ou think

the world works and what you

think your role in the world

.

Consciously or unconsciously,we base most of our actions on

our wor v ews. nv ronmen a

ethics, which are beliefs about

what is right and wrong withhow we treat the environment,

are an important element in

our worldviews.

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We can live more sustainably by becoming environmentally literate,

, ,

and becoming active environmental citizens.

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Will the era of sustainability be our next cultural revolution?

You decide!

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SAS Topik 7 Sem II 2011 12 Sustainability