SARTRE’S EXISTENTIALISM IN HERMANN HESSE’S DEMIAN: THE

e-ISSN 2549-7715 | Volume 5 | Nomor 2 | April 2021 | Hal: 225—237

Terakreditasi Sinta 4

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SARTRE’SEXISTENTIALISMINHERMANNHESSE’SDEMIAN:THESTORYOFEMILSINCLAIR’SYOUTHNOVEL

LeaMardiani1,*,M.Natsir2,Nasrullah3

DepartmentofEnglishLiterature,FacultyofCulturalSciences, MulawarmanUniversity

*E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACT

This study discussed about the phenomena in the society which human showntheir existence and adapted on literarywork. This study usedHermannHesse’swork entitledDemian: The Story of Emil Sinclair’s YouthNovel. This study usedSatre’s existentialism study on the ideas of finding the characteristic of Satre’sexistentialisminhesse’sworks.ThisstudyalsousedGillandKenan’sexplanationtogetthroughunderstandingofthemaincharacteracts,narrations,dialogsontheresearch itself. This study aims to examine the characteristic of Sartre’sexistentialism in the novel and how the representation of existentialism in themain character. The researcher used qualitative-phenomenology theory todescribehumanexperiencesinacertainphenomenon.Theresultsofthisresearchthat,therearethreeconceptionofSartre’sexistentialismfoundinmaincharacter,EmilSinclairwhichisAbandonedbyGod,DespairandAnguish.Alsotheresearcherconcludedthatthemaincharacterbecameatheistintheendofthestorywhichhedidnotchoosethetwoworldrepresentofreligionpathandtherebellionpath.Hewantstolivesamongthesocietypeacefullyfullofconsciousandconsideration.

Keywords:Existentialism,Sartre’sexistentialism,abandoned,anguish,despair

ABSTRAK

Penelitian inimendiskusikan tentang fenomena-fenomenayangadadimasyarakatdimana manusia ingin menunjukan eksistensinya dan diadaptasi ke karya sastra.Penelitian ini menggunakan karya hermann Hesse berjudul Demian: The Story ofEmil Sinclair’s Youth. Penelitian inimenggunakan teori ekistensialismemilik SatredalammenemukankarakteristikeksistensialismedikaryamilikHesse.Penelitianinijugamenggunakan penjelasan dari Gill dan kenan untukmemahamimaksud daritingkah laku, narasi dan dialog tokoh utama itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk menganalisis eksistensialisme Sartre dan bagaimana hal tersebutdipresentasikan di tokoh utama dari novel Demian: The Story of Emil SInclair’sYouth. Peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif-fenomenologi untuk



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mendeskripsikan pengalaman manusia dalam sebuah fenomena tertentu. HasilpenelitianmenunjukkanbahwaadatigakonsepsidariSartreyangtergambarkanditokoh utama, Emil Sinclair yaitu, ditelantarkan oleh Tuhan, penderitaan, dankeputus-asaan.Penelitijugamenyimpulkanbahwasangtokohutamadiakhirceritamemilihuntukmenjadiateis (tidakmengikutidoktrinagamamanapun)dan tidakmemilihantaraduaduniayangmerepresentasikanjalandibawahnaunganagama,atau jalan kemaksiatan. Ia ingin hidup diantara masyarakat secara damai yangpenuhdengankesadarandanpertimbangan.

Kata kunci: eksistensialisme, eksistensialisme Sartre, ditelantarkan, penderitaan,keputus-asaan.

A. INTRODUCTION

Inour society,peoplewant to show their existenceby joininggroupsorcommunities.peoplehavedesiresofexisting theirexistence in thesociety inorder to differentiate with other to become the subject or the center ofattention. Due this facts, literature exists as a medium for the author toconveying his idea in express his point of view towards life. Literature cancaptured the phenomena in society. The same cases which appeared inHermann Hesse’s work entitled Demian. This novel remind us for the realsituation in real lifewhich there arepeoplewhoneed guidance to show thewaythroughexperiencesinordertofindtheessencesofhislife.

Considering this case, the researcher took Sartre’s existentialism toconnect with the idea from Jean Paul Sartre “existence precedes essences”whichmean,we come to thisworldwith apurpose.Manencounterhimself,surgesupintheworldanddefineshimselfafterwards.Hesseimplicitlyputtheexistentialist framework to hoswork in order to highlight themainpoint ofneedforindependenceandspiritualself-reliance.

B. THEORETICALFRAMEWORK1. Sartre’sExistentialism

To get known Existentialism clearly, the researcher search all the waybacktothebeginningof it formed. Ingeneral,existentialismemphasizetheirhumanexistencewithout links itwithGod.Existentialismstartwith the ideathat‘existenceprecedesessence’whichmeanwecomeintothisworldwithouta purpose. And we simply exist. Existentialist prefer to understand theconcretemanandhisproblem,withoutisolatinghim/herfromtheirsocialinpolitical and cultural contexts. In otherwords, Existentialism tries to derivethemeaningoftheindividualmanfromlivingorliveexperiencesofconcreteindividuals and their surroundings. the researcher realized thatexistentialism divided into two kinds based on their believes, there are



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theistic and atheistic. The theistic existentialists like Soren Keirkegaard,MartinBuber,PaulTillich,GabrielMarcelandKarlJaspers,bothprofessedasCatholics, do not deny the existence of God andConsiderman’s relationshipwith God as an important philosophical problem. On the other hand theatheistic existentialist like Jean Paul Sartre, Simon de Beauvoir and MartinHeideggereitherimplicitlydenyGod’sexistenceordonotconsideritasposinganyseriousphilosophicalproblem.Butall thatthinkersagreedthatexistencecomesbeforeessencewhichmeanwemustbeginfromsubjectives.

Sartre explains that, “existence precedes essence”meansman first of allexists, encounter himself, surges up in the world and defines himselfafterwards(Sartre6).Theresearcherfoundthatthecenterofexistentialismistheabsolutecharacteroffreecommitmentbywhicheverymanrealizehimselffor allmen. Sartre used emotion terms to center his concept. There are theconceptofabandonment,anguish,anddespair.

a) Abandonment

Sartre means by ‘abandonment’ is abandonment by God in implicitmeaning. by using the word ‘abandonment’ Sartre wants to emphasizes thesenseof losscausedby therealization that there isnoGod toguaranteeourchoices, no entity to give us guidelines as to how to achieve salvation. Thechoice of word stresses the solitary position of human beings alone in theuniversewithnoexternalsourceofobjectivevalues(10-11).sartrewants tohighlight that, ifGodnot exist,manmustbe freewithouthigherentity rulesthem.

b) Anguish

Sartre using this emotion expression is extremely simple. Sartre simplymeansthat,manisinanguishorhavingbiggestfearoffailing.TherearemanymanshowanxietybutSartrebeliefs,mandisguisingtheiranguishfromit.Mancanlearnfromhismistakessoanyonewhofollowswillknowhowtoreactandwillnothappenagainwithsamemistakes.Tosumup,theresearcherconcludethatifyouwanttobeasubject,youhavetobecertainonyouroptionwithoutdoubt. But, superior man can handle his anxiety through learning from lastmistakesnotdrivenbydepression,mancommittoriseupandrestartnewlifeagain.

c) Despair

Sartre means by Despair is when man found himself confronted by twodifferentmodes of action or options, the one concrete, but directed towardsonlyoneindividual.Andtheotheractiondirectedtowardsinfinitelygreater,anationalcollectivity,orall.Thatisthereasonforbeingambiguousanditmightbe frustrated on thatway. In the same time hewas hesitating between twokindsofmorality,first,moralityofsympathy,ofpersonaldevotionand,onthe



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otherside,amoralityofwiderscopebutmoredebatablevalidity.Whatcouldhelphimtochoosebetweenthosetwo.

2. CharacterandCharacterization

AccordingtoGill (127), “Acharacter issomeone ina literaryworkwhohassomesortofidentity(itnoneedtobeastrongone),anidentitywhichismadeupbyappearance,conversation,action,nameand(possibly)thoughtsgoingoninthehead.”whichmeancharacterisapersonorsubject.Acharacterisoneofimportantpointsinliterature.Therearevarietytypesofcharactersinliterature.Abramssaidthat, the chief of the plot which comes up and become the center of interest iscalledprotagonist.Thecharacterthatbecomesanopponentofprotagonistwhichitspresenceexists toagainst theprotagonist iscalledtheantagonist.Meanwhile,Characterization describes about character’s personality. Characterization willexplain in detail how character’s traits. It tells attitudes, behavior, and dialoguewithin story. Based on Holman in a Handbook to Literature method ofcharacterization in fiction. First, the explicit presentation by the author of thecharacterthroughdirectexposition,eitherinanintroductoryblockormoreoftenpiece-mealthroughoutthework,illustratedbyaction.Second,thepresentationofcharacter in action, with little or no explicit comment by the author, in theexpectationthatthereaderwillbeabletodeducetheattributesoftheactorfromtheactions.Third, the representation fromwithina character,without commenton the character by the author, of the impact of actions and emotions upon hisinnerself,withtheexpectationthatthereaderwillcometoaclearunderstandingofattributesofthecharacter

Therearetwocommonwaysthattheauthorcanusetodevelopthecharactersinastory.AccordingtoKenaninNarrativeFictiontheauthorcangivedirectandindirectpresentationto thecharacters.Directpresentationrefers to theauthordirectlysaysorthinksaboutacharacter. Inotherwords, thereaderdirectlywastoldwhatthecharacterlike.Thisfirsttypeactuallynamesthecharactersthetraitsbyanadjectives,anabstractnoun,orpossiblysomeotherkindofnounorpartofspeech. In theotherhand, indirectpresentationdoesnotmention the traitbutdisplays and exemplifies it in various ways, leaving to the reader the task ofinferring the impliedmeaning. According to kenan inNarrative Fiction, some ofthese ways will be action, speech, external experiences, environment. ActionmeansAtraitmaybeimpliedbothbyonetime(ornon-routine)actions andhabitual actions. Both one time andhabitual actions canbelong to the followingcategoriessuchasactofcommission(somethingperformedbythecharacter),actof omission (something which the character should but does not do) andcontemplatedact (anunrealizedplanor intentionof thecharacter) (61).Speechmeansa character’s speechwhether in conversationorasa silentactivityof themind, canbe indicativeofa traits through its contentand through its form(65).External appearancewas presentedwhen a non-visual quality is attributed toone part of character’s physique rather than to the character as a whole (67).Environment means a character’s physical surrounding (room, house, street,



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town, etc) aswell ashishumanenvironment (family, social class) arealsooftenusedtrait-connotingmetonymies(68).

3. PreviousStudies

TheresearcherusedthreepreviousstudiesfirstfromWindaPradyaParamitathe title isTheSignificanceofDreams inRevealingEmilSinclair’s Individuation inHermannHesse“Demian:TheStoryofEmilSinclair’sYouth”.Thisthesisisaimedatsolvingthreeproblems.ThefirstisthecharacterdevelopmentofEmilSinclair.Thesecondproblem is the revelationof Sinclair’s individuation;howSinclair revealseach archetypeswithin him to reveal his Self and reach individuation. The finalproblem is the significance of dreams in revealing Sinclair’s individuation. Themethodappliedinthisthesisisthelibraryresearch.ThemainsourceareHermannHesse’s Demian: The Story of Emil Sinclair’s Youth and other sources that closelyrelatedtothetopicdiscussedinthisthesis.Theapproachappliedinthethesis isphilosophicalapproach.

Second, thesismade byHafizah Sarah English Literature student in CulturalSciences Faculty, Mulawarman University entitled Existential life in Katniss’sCharacterin“HungerGames”.TheresearcherchooseHungerGamesastheobjectofthis research because the researcher found that Hunger Games presented thereaderabouthumanexistencewholivedintyrannyeraandhasnotanyabilitytofightagainstthegovernmentsystemuntilshedecidedtorebelandendedupbeinga hero. The research is categorized as a descriptive qualitative design. The datataken fromHunger gamesnovel by Suzanne Collins. Further, this research usedtheory of Existentialism to show and define the life existence of katniss. Theresearch shown three most existential values by Jean Paul Sartre used inportrayingthelifeexistenceofKatniss,theyarefacticity,choice,andresponsibility.The research show that with Sartre life existence theory, the main characterindeedgettheirfreedomfromthestory.

Third, a thesis from Rahmawati Rizqi Septyarini from MuhammadiyahSurakartaUniversityentitledPersonalityDevelopmentofEmilSinclair reflected inHermann Hesse’s “Demian” (1919): A Psychoanalytic Theory. This thesis focus onpersonalitydevelopmentbyEmilSinclairinHermannHesse’sDemiannovel(1919)usingPsychoanalytictheorybySigmundFreud.Thisstudyisqualitativeresearch.Inthisresearch,therearetwotypesofdata,Primaryandsecondarydatasource.The primary data source is Demian novel and the secondary data source is theothermaterial related to the study. The object of this study isDemiannovel byHermann Hesse. The technique of data analysis is the researcher analyzed bydescriptive analysis. The result of this research shows that Hermann Hessesuccessfully deliver message that personality development is important toeveryone because it is needed for everyone to make better life. Based onpsychoanalytic approach shows that personality development is influenced bysurroundingandfriend.

C. RESEARCHMETHOD



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Thisstudyusedqualitativeresearchasitsresearchdesign.AccordingtoMilesandHuberman (1994), “qualitative data is usually in the forms ofwords ratherthannumbers”(1).Theresearcherusedqualitativeresearchbecausethedataarethe utterances and acts described inwordswithin the novelDemian. This studywas conducted in a phenomenology study. Phenomenology is a qualitativeresearchmethodthatusedtodescribehowhumanbeingsexperienceinacertainphenomenon.Theinstrumentofthisstudywastheresearcherherself.Thedataofthisstudywerewordsfromnarrations,sentences,anddialoguesofDemiannovelrelated to the research questions: the characteristic of Sartre’s existentialismportray in themain character, Emil Sinclair and his characteristic existentialismconceptiontowardshisacts,narrations,dialogues.

Therewereseveralstepstheresearcherdidincollectingthedataofthisstudy:readDemiannovelcarefullyinordertogetfullyunderstanding.Tooknotesofthenarrations,dialogues,andsentencesrelatedtoSartre’sexistentialismportrayedinthe main character, Emil Sinclair and used the data to collected to answer theresearchquestioninthisstudy.Thedataanalysisinthisstudyworkedaccordinglyto each questions. Creswell came up with how to analyze the data using dataanalysisspiral that isapplicable themost inqualitativemethod(113).Thereareseveralstepsforanalyzingthedata.Thesestepsare:first,dataorganisationwhichmeantheresearchercollectthedataandorganizeitbasedonthekeythemes.

D. FINDINGSANDDISCUSSION

1. TheCharacteristicofSartreExistentialisminthemainCharacter

ThisanalysisfocusedonEmilSinclair’scharacterasthemaincharacterinthenovel.Technically,theresearchersortedthedataandanalyzedwhichdatahad shown the criteria of existentialism by Sartre. Specifically, the analysisfocuses onhowSartre’s existentialism reflects inEmil Sinclair’s character inthe novel.The following data below as the characteristic of Sartre’sexistentialismwhichemphasizesthemenexistenceasaconcretesubjectwasshowninthisnarrations:

Ihadactedlikethemanandthehero,nowIhadtobeartheconsequences.(25)

Thisnarrationwasnarratedwhenthemaincharacteraccidentallycaughtlying to FranzKromer.Hedid not have any option than just through it. Thisactsshownthatifhewantstobethesubjectorwanttoshownuptheworldhemustgetthroughandhandleit.Hehadtobecertainabouthisoptionwithoutdoubt.Eveninthewrongwayandbeingdifferentthanotherinthesociety.Themaincharacterwhichstruggletobehave insociety inthat timeandforcedtohadperfectmanner.Consideredhisactsthroughhisparentsandhisfriendinorder togetaccept insociety.Thedataaboveshownthat themaincharacterhad the characteristic of Sartre’s existentialism which the main characterbravery face his problem even it was leaded him into a trouble because the



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actions he choose and responsible for what he doing. The main character’snarrations of ‘look like aman and a hero’whichmean in his ten years old’sbodyhehadthoughtofamanwhichconsiderandresponsibleofwhathedoingevenbareitwiththeconsequences.

The other data below was indicated as the characteristic of Sartre’sexistentialismwhichmenemphasizeshishumanexistenceasasubjectwhichcanbeseeninthisnarrations:

Ididnotregreteverything thathappened,at leastnotall thetime, and occasionally I even felt that everything had had tohappenasitdid.Iwasinthehandsoffateanditwasuselesstotrytoescape.(42)

Thekeyofexistentialismitself is thesubjectdidnotregreteverypathhechoose.Butinthenovel,Sinclairtookthewrongpathwhichislyingabouthisheroic action about stealing apples in the garden.And for Sinclair, itwashisfatetotakethewrongpathandchoosetobeingKromer’sslave.incase,hewasresponsibleofwhathedidanddidnotblamedanyone.

a. Abandonment

ThefirstdatawhichindicatedemotiontermsofabandonmentbyGodcanbeseeninthisfollowingnarrationsbelow:

Meantime cracks had begun to appear in my religiousfaith. Yet my thinking, which was certainly muchinfluenced by Demian, was very different from that ofsome of my fellow students who boasted completeunbelief.(67)

Thedata abovewas taken fromconversationbetween little Sinclairand Demian in that time discussed about Cain and Abel’s story. Demianperspectives gave big impact on Sinclair for questioning his religion.Meanwhile, in his inner self also had the same feeling about whathappening in his life. Which the world divided into two world, the lightworld and the dark world. This two world never be separated betweengood things and bad things produced cause and effect chain. This stagemakespeople learnnew things called experiences.Thedata abovewas ametaphorthatSinclairwantedtoemphasizethesenseoflosscausedbytherealization that there isnoGod tohelpinghim facedKromer, thebullied.This effect made him became unbeliever of God’s existence. Instead, heneededguidelinesfromanyone.ThiseventsmakesSinclairmorebelievinginhimselfratherthananyone.Hecannotdependonanyonewithinhimself.

b. Anguish



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The terms Anguish from Sartre which meant having biggest fear offailing. This following data which indicated emotion terms from Sartrewhichisanguishcanbeseeninthisnarrationbelow:

Astheydidwithme,whosecontactwitheviloftengrewsooppressive and painful, and to whom the dark worldseemedsomuchcloser.(16)

Little Sinclair lived with his parents and sisters full of goodness andunder strong faith of religion. But in inside, Sinclair had many questionwhichreligioncannotansweritespeciallyabouthumanbehaviourasthewayitis.Curiositygrownupintenyearsoldboy’sbodyandfeltrebellioninsidehimself.Hebegantobefriendwithnaughtyboysfromgeneralschooland played with them. He known Franz Kromer as bad boy because heactedlikeyoungworkers in factoryanddobadthingstoothers.Sinclair’sknowKromerisabadfriend,butfordesireswantstogetrecognizedwithpeople,hehangedoutwithKromerevenonlyonceinthattimeandthenhefellintokromer’stricks.ThepainofbeingoppressedandbeingpressedbystrongerpowermakesSinclairfeltanguishandsuppressedalsonoonetotalk to and no one to shared with makes Sinclair had terrible illnessmentally.

c. Despair

ThefollowingdatathatindicatedemotiontermsfromSartreasdespaircanbeseeninthisfollowingnarrationbelow:

Iwashauntedbymisfortune,itwasreachingouttowardmesothatmotevenmymothercouldprotectme,sinceshewasnotevenallowedtoknow.Whethermycrimewasstealingorlying--(hadn’tIswornafalseoathbyGodandeverythingthat was sacred?)--was immaterial. My sin was notspecifically this or that but consisted of having shakenhands with the devil. Why had I gone along? Why had Iobeyed Kromer-- better even that I had ever obeyed myfather?WhyhadIinventedthestory,buildingmyselfupwitha crimeas though itwereaheroicact?Thedevilheldmeinhisclutches,theenemywasbehindme.(24)

ThefeelingofdespairappearedwhenSinclairdidnothaveanyoptionsrather to followedKromer or telling the truth to his parents aboutwhathappenandcansavedhimfromoppression.But,fortakingthewrongwaywhichlyingormustberesponsibleofwhathedidmakeshimmustendeditbyhimselftosolvinghisproblem(whichhecannotdothat).Thisincidentmakes Sinclair more careful of what his options and learn from hismistakes.



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2. TheCharacterizationofSartre’sExistentialismPortrayed in MainCharacter

The researcher analyzed how those characteristic of Sartre’sexistentialismportrayed in themaincharacterusingcharacterization theory.AccordingtoKenaninNarrativeFictiontheauthorcangivedirectandindirectpresentation to the characters. Especially, using these way to amplifies thetraitswithinthemaincharacter.Therearefromthemaincharacter’sactions,speeches,externalappearances,andenvironments.

Thefirstdatawhichshowninthisnarrations:

Ihadactedlikethemanandthehero,nowIhadtobeartheconsequences.(25)

The data above was presented in indirect presentation in the form ofaction which the researcher indirectly know the character’s trait. The maincharacter implicitly tells about his struggles in order to solving his problemwith Franz Kromer. Indirect presentation was shown in the form of actcommissionwithinhimselfthatheactedlikeamanandtheherointenyearsold’sbodywhichshownhisresponsibilityofdealingwithhisproblemandactbraveryinordertoacceptedtherealizationthathemadeamistakesofchosenthewrongpath.

a. TheCharacterizationofAbandonmentbyGod

ThedatawhichindicatedemotiontermsofabandonmentbyGodcanbeseeninthefollowingnarrations:

Meantimecrackshadbeguntoappearinmyreligiousfaith.Yetmythinking,whichwascertainlymuchinfluencedbyDemian,wasverydifferent from that of some of my fellow students who boastedcompleteunbelief.(67)

Thedataabovewasinindirectpresentationwhichthemaincharacter’straitdidnot displayed easily by the author. Indirect presentation was in the form ofspeecheswithinhimself.Themaincharacterwascharacterizedasapersonwithdoubt in his own faith instead of saying he losing his own faith in his religioncausedoftherealizationthatthereisnoGod’sexistencewhenheneededguidance.Themaincharacter’straitwasdisplayedintheformofspeechesinsilentactivityinhismindwhilequestioningtheexistenceofhislifewhichheindirectlysaidthatheloosing hope indirectly and said that he became unbelief personmentioning hisfellowstudentbutactuallythewordreferstohimself.

b. TheCharacterizationofAnguish

The following data which indicated emotion terms from Sartre which isanguishcanbeseeninthisnarrations:



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As they did with me, whose contact with evil often grew sooppressive and painful, and to whom the dark world seemed somuchcloser.(16)

The data above was in indirect presentation which the author did notmentionedthemaincharacter’straiteasilybutitdisplayedinvariouswaysuchasin the form of speeches within the main character. The main character wascharacterizedasapersonthathadoppressionwhichinsteadofsaidhewasanguishandscared,hesaidthatindirectlythroughnarrationswhichbeingoppressedbyanevil.Themancharacterwascharacterizedastheonewhohadsinswhichindirectlyhesaid‘thedarkworldseemedsomuchcloser’.

c. TheCharacterizationofDespair

ThefollowingdatathatindicatedemotiontermsfromSartreasdespaircanbeseeninthisnarrations:

Iwashauntedbymisfortune, itwas reachingout towardme sothat mot even my mother could protect me, since she was noteven allowed to know. Whether my crime was stealing orlying--(hadn’tIswornafalseoathbyGodandeverythingthatwassacred?)--wasimmaterial.Mysinwasnotspecificallythisorthatbut consistedof having shakenhandswith thedevil.Whyhad Igone along?Why had I obeyed Kromer-- better even that I hadever obeyedmy father?Why had I invented the story, buildingmyselfupwithacrimeasthoughitwereaheroicact?Thedevilheldmeinhisclutches,theenemywasbehindme.(24)

The data above was in indirect presentation which in the form speecheswithin the main character’s mind. The main character was characterized withhauntedbymisfortunewhichmeanhetookthewrongpathand indirectlysayingthathewasdesperatewithhis conditionnowwhichnoonehelpedhimevenhisownfamily.Themaincharacterwascharacterizedwithspeechescontainmetaphorinthenarrationthatshownheinthelevelofhighdepressionandconfrontedwithtwothings.

3. Discussions

Based on analysis characteristic of Sartre’s existentialism found in maincharacter and Sartre’s existentialism conceptions portrayed in main charactermention in the findings, it can be know that there are three conception emotiontermsofSartre’sexistentialisminDemian. ThefirstemotiontermsisabandonedimplicitlyabandonedbyGodwhichshownmostlyinprologueandinfirstchapterparttworealmsandlastchapterpartendbegins.Inprologue,HermannHesseusedthirdpersonperspectivesandtoldaboutbiggestessentialtermsforbeingawriterwhich writers acts like God to his/her main characters in his/her works. Hessewantstoemphasizethat,whathappeninliteraryworkisrepresentativefromthereal events happen in society . Therewas somekind of person likeEmil Sinclair



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which did not know his purpose of life. Then, he needs to encounter himselfthroughproblemsandexperiencestocreatedhisownidealidentityforhimselfandfor society to conquer the world. Even if he needs to felt the upside down ofrejection,lonelinessorabandonedhisownreligiontogethappinessthroughlivinghisownlife.Becausehebelievethat,theonewhoconquertheworldishimself.

Second emotion terms of Sartre’s existentialism that portrayed in maincharacterisanguish.Itcanbeseeninthefindings,inthattimewhenSinclaironlyten years old he first encounter himself through finding the purpose of his lifethroughfirstexperienceswithFranzKromer.Sinclairfelthisbiggestfearhauntedhim everyday since he lied to bragging. This experiences with Kromer makesSinclair learntofaceaproblemeventhoughwithDemian’shelp.At least,Sinclairlearnthenewthingsthatmightbehappeninrealworldtoo.

ThirdemotiontermsofSartre’sexistentialismthatshowninmaincharacterisdespair.DespairfeelinghauntedSinclairwhenhefacehisfirstproblemwithouthisown family which his nearest relationship bounding because he secretly feltdespaironhowtofacehisownproblem.Hefeltguiltyfornotobeyedthereligionnormwhichhis familybelieve inorderto livetheir life.Sinclair feltdespairofnoonehelpedhimwhenheneedssomeoneand itchangedhimpersonallydifferent.Despair feeling also appeared in Sinclair’s teenage age when he attended toboardinghousefarawayfromhome.ThedespairfeelingappearedtomakeSinclairbecamebetterpersonandmoreself-independentforhisownsake.

Thethreeemotiontermscanbeseeninmaincharacter’spersonalitythatbuilthim slowly through experiences of his journey. That ismake the researcher canconcludedthatfromanalysisaboveitisproventhatthemaincharacterofDemian:theJourneyofEmilSinclair’sYouthnovelactuallyadherentofSartre’sexistentialismwhich a theory for the searching of self-identity and self awareness in order tobeingexistfirstandthenmencreatedhisownexperiencesandconquertheworldtofindhisownessencesinliving. TheproventhatSinclairisanexistentialistanddecidedintheendofthenoveltobecameanatheistwhichhenotchoosebothtwoworlds,thelightworldunderreligionnormorthedarkworldfulloffreedombutalsocandestroyedhisownbodyforfulfilhisowndesires.Sinclairchosetheworldwhich he created by himself which consist of goodness for his own safety andhappinessandevilforhiscuriosityandbigeagerness.Hetriedtolivinghisownlifepositivelywith fully logic thoughtsbecause lifeonlyonce. Itmakeshimfoundhistrue identity and self-esteem which shown him his inner essences of being ahuman.

E. CONCLUSIONSANDSUGGESTIONS

1. Conclusions

Thisstudycanconcludedthat,characteristicofSarte’sexistentialismappearedinthemaincharacter,EmilSinclairatnarrations,actsanddialogueinthenovel.Inthe novel, there was found three terms emotion which is, abandoned by God,



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anguish and despair also the researcher found thatmain character indicated asatheistic existentialism after get through the searching of self-identity. Theresearcher could conclude that in the end of the story themain character, EmilSinclair,didnotchoosethetwoworld(thelightworldwithpurenessandshadowofreligionandthedarkworldwithrebellionactionsandbiggestdesirestofulfil)becausehewantedto livehisown lifeperfectlyexistandrecognizable.Heknowthat lived only once and he needs to spend it slowly. The story of Emil Sinclairmightbehappen in real lifewhichpeople forgothis/her true identity andbeingunrecognizable.

2. Suggestions

There are two suggestions that can be suggested for the next researchers.First, the researcher expect thatDemiannovel can be our learning to recognizeliterary criticism toward literarywork. InDemiannovel there are existentialismaspectwhichappeared inmaincharacter thatcanbehappen inreal life.Second,thissuggestion is forEnglishLiteraturestudentswhowant todomoreresearch,Sartreexistentialismcanbeusedasapproachtoanyliteraryworks.Thefactsthatexistentialismcanbeanalyzedinvariouswayalsorepresenttherealsocietywhichnowadays people lack of true self identity. By having various research whichfocuses on existentialism issues, it will be a guide and help other researcher tounderstanddeeplyaboutexistentialism.

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Ramadhani,Rokhmansyah,A.,&Dahlan,D.PandanganDuniaTragisdalamNovelPacarkuWanitaKuyangKaryaDewiNinaKirana.Madah,11(1):81-96.Pdf.



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Sarah,Hafizah.ExistentialLifeofKatniss in the ‘HungerGames’Novel.MAThesis.MulawarmanUniversity.2018.Print.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. Existentialism is A Humanism. Translated by Carol Macomber.NewHaven:YaleUniversityPress,2007.Print.

Septyarini,RahmawatiRizqi.PersonalityDevelopmentofEmilSinclairReflected inHermann Hesse’s ‘Demian’ (1919): A Psychoanalytic Theory. MA thesis.MuhammadiyahSurakartaUniversity,2018.Print.

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SARTRE’S EXISTENTIALISM IN HERMANN HESSE’S DEMIAN: THE