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Leading scientist worldwide
investigating the cause of severe acuterespiratory syndrome
(SARS) confirm thata novel coronavirus is the primary cause
of the disease.
SARS was first reported in China in November
2002, with over 8,300 cases and 812 deathsreported by the
beginning of July 2003.
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Asymptomatic or mildrespiratory illness witha temperature of
>100.4F (>38C).
One or more clinical findings of respiratory illness (e.g.,
cough,shortness of breath, difficulty inbreathing or hypoxia).
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1. Travel (including transit in anairport) within 10 days of
the
onset of symptoms to an areawith current or previouslydocumented
or suspectedcommunity transmission of SARS.
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2. Close contact within 10days of the onset of symptoms with a
person
known or suspected tohave SARS.
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MODE OF TRANSMISSIO1. The primary mode of transmission appears
to be
direct. Mucous membranes (especially those of the eye, nose and
mouth) are always involved.
2. Transmission through casual and social contactoccasionally
occurs as a result of intenseexposure to a case of SARS (in
workplace, in
vehicles) or in high risk transmission settings,such as
healthcare and household settings.
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MODE OF TRANSMISSIO 3. Contact with infectious respiratory
droplets
and/or through exposure to fomites.
4. Contamination of inanimate materials orobjects by infectious
respiratory secretions or
body fluids (saliva, tears, urine, and stools)which have been
found to contain the virus.
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For how long will the SARS viruexist on surfaces?
1. The virus is stable in urine and feces at roomtemperature for
at least one to two days andin stools from patients with diarrhea
for upto 4 days.
2. It survives on paper, on a plastered wall after36 hours, on a
plastic surface or stainlesssteel after 72 hours and on a glass
slide after96 hours.
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For how long will the SARS virus exist
on surfaces? 3. Hospital environmental samples from anumber of
sites, including walls and
ventilation systems, have tested positive forSARS virus.
4. The virus loses its infectivity after exposureto different
commonly used disinfectants andfixatives. Heat at 56C rapidly kills
the virus.
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For how long will the SARS viruexist on surfaces?
5. Other risk factors:a) Household contact with a probable
case of SARSb) Increasing agec) Male sex
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What are the signs andsymptoms of SARS?
1. Sudden onset of high grade fever,usually greater than 38C
2. Headache and overall feeling of discomfort and body
aches.
3. Mild respiratory symptoms at the
onset; after two days, dry cough andrespiratory difficulty
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TreatmentNo specific treatment recommendations canbe made at
this time.Empiric therapy should include coverage fororganisms
associated with any communityacquired pneumonia of unclear
etiology,including agents with activity against bothtypical and
atypical respiratory pathogens.Treatment choices may be influenced
by theseverity of the illness.
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Clinical course andmanagement of SARS
1. It is difficult to decide on the appropriatetime to discharge
a SARS patient.
2. SARS appears to have lingering after effectsonce the acute
phase of the disease ends.
3. The psychosocial aspects of this illnessshould not be under
estimated.
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Preventive Measures1. Consult a doctor promptly if there are
respiratory symptoms such as fever, malaise,chills, headache,
joint pain, dizziness, rigors,cough, sore throat and runny
nose.
2. Build up good body immunity. This meanshaving a proper diet,
getting regular exerciseand adequate rest, reducing stress
andavoiding smoking.
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Preventive Measures 3. Practice good personal hygiene. Cover the
nose
and mouth when sneezing or coughing.
4. Wear a mask if you develop a runny nose, sorethroat or
cough.
5. Wear a protective mask in public areas,classrooms, computer
rooms, public transport.
6. Wash hands properly and keep them clean. Useliquid soap for
hand washing and disposabletowels for drying hands.
