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(A Centre of Excellence under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Govt. of India)Anaikatty, Coimbatore - 641 108, Tamil Nadu
Sarovar SaurabhVol. 16(1), 2020
on Wetland Ecosystems including Inland Wetlands
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Vol. 16(1), 2020 ISSN: 0972-3153
Contents
Views expressed in the articles of this newsletter are of
the authors only.
Dr. Goldin QuadrosCoordinator, ENVIS, SACON
Mr. N. Mohamed Ibrahim
From the Editors' Desk
Wetlands in India have gained much relevance in the recent years with
the MoEF&CC emphasizing on the documentation of wetlands for
conservation in the country. With the inclusion of 10 more wetlands as
Ramsar sites of international importance from the country, bringing the
total to 37 Ramsar sites, these wetlands have gained national attention. thIndia hosted the 13 Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
(CMS COP13) from 15 to 22 February, 2020 at Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
During the meeting there was again emphasis laid on the wetlands as a
habitat for several migratory species and the need for conservation was a
priority concern. SACON was also a part of the COP and had hosted
one of the side events where the emphasis was laid on the coastal
wetlands as a habitat for migratory birds.
In this issue, we have brought out an article on Coringa Mangrove
Forest and compiled reports on the several activities that the ENVIS
team conducted to generate awareness on wetlands including the Green
Skill Development Programme a flagship program of the ENVIS
Secretariat, MoEF&CC. Further, I request all readers to kindly
contribute your events, activities, articles and keep us updated on the
happenings of the wetlands around you. Your inputs will help us in
disseminating the message of environmental well being to the masses.
Editor
We welcome original research and popular articles, reviews, reports,
research highlights, notes, news, snippets, etc., related to the
thematic area of the ENVIS Resource Partner for publication in
‘Sarovar Saurabh the ENVIS Newsletter on Wetland Ecosystems
including Inland Wetlands’.
The articles and other information should be neatly typed in double
space not exceeding five pages. The figures, graphs/drawings should
be of good quality and clarity. Photographs should be of minimum
300 dpi resolution. References should be limited and cited in the text
by name and year. Council of Science editors style may be referred to
for listing references at the end.
Email your articles in MS-Word 2007 or 2010 format to
[email protected] or [email protected]
Send the ar ticles in hard copy by post to:
The ENVIS Co-ordinator,ENVIS Resource Partner,Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON)Anaikatty P.O., Coimbatore - 641108. Tamil Nadu, IndiaPh: 0422-2203100, 129Website: www.saconenvis.nic.in; www.sacon.in
Page
1. 1-3Coringa Mangrove Forest – A Dynamic Ecosystem 2. 4-5 A Report on World Wetlands Day – 2020
3. A Report on Green Skill Development Programme
(GSDP) – 2020 6-9 4. A Report on Coimbatore City Bird Atlas 10
on Wetland Ecosystems including Inland Wetlands
SACON ENVIS Newsletter - Sarovar Saurabh Vol.16(1), 2020. ISSN: 0972-3153 1
CORINGAMANGROVEFOREST,ANDHRAPRADESH–ADYNAMICECOSYSTEM
Kirubhanandhini V.
Junior Research Biologist, Department of Ecotoxicology,
Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History Anaikatty, Coimbatore - 641 108
Mangroves are the salt-tolerant forest ecosystem of tropical and subtropical intertidal regions of the
world between the land and sea representing the best example of Ecotone (Schaeffer-Novelli et al.,
2016). They normally occur from the mid tide level to beyond the high tide level along the sheltered
shores, estuaries, tidal creeks, backwater lagoons, marshes, and mud-flats, where conditions favour
the mangroves to form extensive and productive shelter in the coastlines ( ). The Madhu, 2013
mangroves include a highly specialized community of plants associated with animal species that are
not capable of surviving in any other condition. Mangrove forest act as a barrier against the coastal
storms, high-velocity winds, and the high tidal waves thereby protecting the villages and the
agricultural land near the shore. They protect the coast-line from erosion, reclaims land from the sea
as they build up and extend coastal soil by accumulation and stabilization of sediments (Spalding et
al., 2014). They are also self-generating and self-maintaining littoral plant formations often
constituting a dynamic ecosystem inhabited by a complex assemblage of flora and fauna (IUCN,
2017).
Mangroves comprise about 1% of the global tropical forest covering an area of approximately 15
million ha distributed across 123 tropical and subtropical countries and territories (ISFR, 2019). 2India has a mangrove forest cover of 4975 km across its coastal states, union territories and Islands.
West Bengal has the maximum cover followed by Gujarat, Andaman & Nicobar islands and Andhra
Pradesh followed by the other states (ISFR, 2019). In Andhra Pradesh the mangrove cover is 404.14
sq km spread over six districts and comprise of moderately dense mangroves and open mangrove 2 2
regions. The East Godavari district (188.06 km ), Krishna district (137.08 km ), Guntur district (68 2
km ) majoirly contribute to the mangrove cover in the state.
The Government of Andhra Pradesh in 1978 declared Coringa as a Wildlife Sanctuary to conserve
the mangrove's rich vegetation ( ). Located 18 km from the port city of Kakinada, on Madhu, 2013
the Kakinada-Yanam state highway, nestling on the deltaic branches of Gouthami and Godavari
rivers at Kakinada bay, Andhra Pradesh lies the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary (16-30' to 17-00' North
latitudes and 82-14' to 82-23' Eastern longitudes). The Sanctuary named after a tiny village Coringa in
the East Godavari district is famous for its flora and fauna. According to Champion and Seth (1968),
Coringa mangrove forest falls under Tidal Swamp Forest (4B) and subdivision Mangrove Forest
(4B/TS2). Coringa Mangrove forest has numerous salt-tolerant plant species with an average height
of 4.5 meters, which includes tropical and subtropical floral species such as Rhizophora apiculata,
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R. mucronata, Avincenia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B.
cylindrical, Excoecaria agallocha, Sonneratia apetala and
Xylocar pus molluccensis. The vegetation along the
Matlapalem creek and Gaderu creek are thick with E.
agallocha and A. marina being the dominant and
subdominant species respectively.
These mangroves supply rich nutrients to the marine living
resources thereby increasing the Fish, Prawn, and Crab
production. They are also the breeding and spawning
grounds for many commercially important fishes (Mumby
et al., 2004). The dynamic mangroves ecosystem of the
Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary supports unique biodiversity
such as Fishing Cats, Otters, Jackals, Estuarine Crocodiles,
Sea Turtles, and birds. The site is renowned for mass
nesting of the Olive Ridley-Sea Turtle that are observed
from January to March, and is a nesting ground for
numerous migratory birds along the 18 km long sandy
stretch. The 125 species of birds recorded include the
Crested Serpent Eagle, Scarlet Minivet, Indian Roller,
Black-capped Kingfisher, Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher,
White-bellied Woodpecker, Sea Gulls, Pelicans, Storks, Herons, Snipes, and Flamingos (Pande et al.,
2012).
Despite the rich diversity of flora and fauna, this mangrove of India is no exception to uncontrolled
exploitation and anthropogenic pressure (Hein, 2000). The aquaculture ponds are constant source of
threat. There is constant depredation of these mangroves due to the conversion of the area for
agricultural purpose, fuel, fodder and, salinization, mining, oil spills, aquacultural (shrimp farming),
port expansion, use of chemical pesticides & fertilizers, and industrial purposes. Furthermore, the
human impact through mangrove denudation for coastal aquaculture has now become a serious
problem in Coringa. These impacts need urgent assessment to avoid further destruction of this and
many other mangrove habitats that protect the coasts by withstanding the impact of natural calamities
including high-velocity coastal storms and cyclones (DOD, 2001). Valuing the importance of
mangroves its services is necessary to conserve the vital ecosystem.
2 SACON ENVIS Newsletter - Sarovar Saurabh Vol.16(1), 2020. ISSN: 0972-3153
©Akshaya M. Mane
©Kirubhanandhini V.
©Kirubhanandhini V.
SACON ENVIS Newsletter - Sarovar Saurabh Vol.16(1), 2020. ISSN: 0972-3153 3
©Kirubhanandhini V.
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank Dr. S. Muralidharan, Senior Principal Scientist, SACON for giving the opportunity
to work in this landscape. I am also grateful to the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary officials for the
permissions to survey the Sanctuary.
References:
Champion, H. G. and Seth, S. K. (1968). A revised survey of the forest types of India. Delhi, Manager of Publications. pp. 404.
DOD (Department of Ocean Development), (2001). Critical Habitat Information System for Coringa Mangroves, Andhra Pradesh, Dept. of Ocean Development, Govt. of India, ICMAM-PD. pp. 33.
Hein, L. (2000). Impact of shrimp farming on mangroves along India's East Coast. Unasylva. 203(51): 48-55.
ISFR (India State of Forest Report), (2019). Published by Forest Survey of India, Dehradun. Edition 16. Volume (1). pp. 183.
IUCN (International Union of Conservation of Nature) (2017). Mangroves: nurseries for the world's seafood supply. https://www.iucn.org/news/forests/201708/mangroves-nurseries-world%E2%80%99s-seafood-supply.
Madhu, V. (2013). Ethnomedicinal studies of mangroves of Coringa wild life sanctuary, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences. 4(9): 2987-2988.
Mumby, P. J., Edwards, A. J., Arlas-González, J.E., Lindeman, K.C., Blackwell, P.G., Gall, A, Gorczynska, M.I., Harborne, A.R., Pescod, C.L., Renken, H., Wabnitz, C.C.C. and Llewellyn, G. (2004). Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean. Nature. 427: 533–536.
Pande, A., Yashaswi, S., Jasmine, B., Anil, R., G., Ktlam and K. Sivakumar (2012). Coastal and marine Protected Areas in India: Challenges and Way Forward. In: Biodiversity of Coastal Islands of India. Wildlife Institute of India. ENVIS Newsletter. 195-196.
Schaeffer-Novelli, Y., Soriano-Sierra, E. J., Vale, C. C. D., Bernini, E., Rovai, A. S., Pinheiro, M. A. A. and Martinez, D. I. (2016). Climate changes in mangrove forests and salt marshes. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography. 64(special edition 2): 37-52.
Spalding, M., McIvor, A., Tonneijck, F. H., Tol, S. and Van Eijk, P. (2014). Mangroves for coastal defence. Guidelines for coastal managers and policy makers. Wetlands International and the Nature Conservancy. pp. 42.
AReportonWorldWetlandsDay–2020ndWorld Wetlands Day is celebrated internationally every year on 2 February to raise global awareness
about the vital role of wetlands. This day also marks the date of the adoption of the Convention on
Wetlands in the Iranian city of Ramsar in 1971. SACON ENVIS RP observed World Wetlands Day 2020
by publishing bilingual posters on the theme “Wetlands and Biodiversity”. The posters were released by
Dr. K. Sankar, Director, SACON. The ENVIS team also organised a drawing competition on “Wetlands
and Biodiversity” for the school children from Panchayat Union Middle School, Thoomanur, a tribal
Village near Anaikatty hills, Coimbatore. Dr. M. Mahendiran, Senior Scientist, Wetland Ecology division,
SACON briefed the students about the objectives and activities of SACON in bird conservation and
biodiversity. He also encouraged the children to protect and conserve the wetlands.
Mrs. A. Julffia Begam, Information Officer, SACON ENVIS RP interacted with the school children and
emphasized on the importance and use of wetlands. On this occasion, two films on the different types of
Wetland and their biodiversity were screened. Mr. Bhoopal Santhosh, GSDP Alumni of SACON
ENVIS RP who has started an Environmental organisation 'Eco Vibes', interacted with the students and
conducted an awareness game "Sustainable Fishing". After the interaction the students and staff planted
the Pterocarpus marsupium and Pongamia pinnata inside the school campus to commemorate the event.
The event had a participation of around 75 individuals including the school staff, students, local villagers
and SACON representatives. The ENVIS team distributed biodiversity stickers to the students along
with the participation certificates and prizes to the winners. The programme was concluded with the vote
of thanks by Mrs. T. Vidhya, Assistant Headmaster of the school, who expressed her gratitude to
SACON for organising the event for the tribal children of their school.
4 SACON ENVIS Newsletter - Sarovar Saurabh Vol.16(1), 2020. ISSN: 0972-3153
Poster release by Dr. K. Sankar, Director, SACON Dr. M.Mahediran, Senior Scientist, SACON addressing the school students
Students participation in the painting competition Mr. Bhoopal Santhosh condcting nature games
Certificate DistributionTree Plantation by
school students
SACON ENVIS Newsletter - Sarovar Saurabh Vol.16(1), 2020. ISSN: 0972-3153 5
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AReportonGreenSkillDevelopmentProgramme(GSDP)–2020
The Green Skill Development Programme (GSDP) of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change (MoEF&CC) is an initiative of the ENVIS Division for developing skill in the field
of environment, forest, wildlife and climate change sector. It aims to facilitate India's youth to get
employment or to become entrepreneur through ENVIS Resource Partners/HUB. ENVIS
Resource Partner on “Wetland Ecosystems including Inland Wetlands” hosted by Sálim Ali Centre
for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON), Coimbatore was assigned the GSDP Certificate
Course in “Bird Identification and Basic Ornithology”.
SACON ENVIS RP advertised the course during January 2020 on the SACON website and local
newspaper. Out of 79 applications received both online and offline, 47 applications were short-listed th based on the qualification and interest in the specified field for a personal interview on 25 February
2020. Subsequently twelve candidates were selected to attend the course that was conducted from nd th 02 March to 20 March 2020.
ndThe Programme was inaugurated on 02 March 2020 by Dr. S. Muralidharan, Senior Principal
Scientist, SACON. Dr. Goldin Quadros, Principal Scientist & SACON ENVIS Coordinator
welcomed the participants and gave a brief introduction about the course and the employment
opportunities in the field of environment, forestry and eco-tourism. The program was attended by
SACON faculty and researchers and the participants were introduced to faculties of different
divisions of SACON.
SACON faculty, Researchers Guest faculty and ENVIS Staff covered the following topics: Bird
evolution and history, Bird classification and diversity, Adaptation in birds (Bird form and
functions), Monitoring & Census Techniques of birds, Habitats, Bird identification, Plumology,
Bird behaviour, Bird diversity of India, Threatened birds of India, Bird Conservation,
Threats to the bird, Bird tourism as a livelihood, Bird Acoustic, Bird and human interaction as in
culture, religious beliefs, Mist netting, Basics field Instruments used in avian studies, Global
Positioning System (GPS) and Camera, and basics of computer skill.
Dr. P. Jeganathan, Scientist, Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore an invited guest faculty for
the course, introduced the e-bird portal to the participants and involved them in documentation of
birds for Kovai Bird Atlas Survey. The students recorded the birds from six grids in two locations of
Coimbatore i.e Kanuvai and Chinna Thadagam. In addition to the theory and practical classes, the
students were introduced to different habitats and were taken on field visit across the Tamil Nadu
state where the participants visited a few Wild Life Sanctuaries and National Parks. During the field
visit the participants were guided on several aspects of ornithology and habitats by Dr. Goldin
Quadros and Mr. T. Siva, Ph.D., scholar, Bharathidasan University.
The GSDP participants were evaluated based on the written examination, skill in identification of
birds using the “Birds of the Indian Subcontinent” book by Grimmett et al., (2011) and PowerPoint th
mode practical viva examination. The valedictory function was held on 20 March 2020 and
presided by Dr. K. Sankar, Director SACON. During the valedictory function, two posters (i) stInternational Day of Forests which is celebrated 21 March every year and (ii) World Water Day
n dwhich is celebrated 22 March every year were released by Dr. K. Sankar and
Dr. P. Balasubramanian, Senior Principal Scientist, SACON. The theme of International Day of
6 SACON ENVIS Newsletter - Sarovar Saurabh Vol.16(1), 2020. ISSN: 0972-3153
Forests is “Forests and Biodiversity” for which the photos taken by GSDP participants were used in
designing the poster. Dr. K. Sankar, Director, SACON distributed the certificates to the participants
skilled at Level V by the Skill Development Agency of India. The vote of thanks was proposed by
Ms. A. Julffia Begam, Information Officer, SACON ENVIS RP.
.
Inaugural ceremony
Ms. Swapna Devi Ray, Researcher, SACON interacting with the participants
The GSDP Participants participating in Coimbatore Bird Atlas survey
Field visit to Point Calimere Wildlife Sancturay Dr. K. Sankar, Director, SACON distributing certificate to GSDP participant
Group PhotographPosters released during Valedictory function
Dr. Rajah Jayapal, Principal Scientist, SACON delivering a lecture
SACON ENVIS Newsletter - Sarovar Saurabh Vol.16(1), 2020. ISSN: 0972-3153 7
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BirdChecklistrecordedbyGSDPTraineesatSACONCampuson03/03/2020
8 SACON ENVIS Newsletter - Sarovar Saurabh Vol.16(1), 2020. ISSN: 0972-3153
Sl. No
Species
Scientific name
Family
1
Ashy Drongo
Dicrurus leucophaeus
Dicruridae
2
Ashy Prinia
Prinia socialis
Cisticolidae
3
Asian Koel
Eudynamys scolopaceus
Cuculidae
4
Asian Palm Swift
Cypsiurus balasiensis
Apodidae
5
Barn Swallow
Hirundo rustica
Hirundinidae
6
Bay-backed Shrike
Lanius vittatus
Laniidae
7
Black Drongo
Dicrurus macrocercus
Dicruridae
8
Black Kite
Mivus migrans
Accipitridae
9
Black-hooded Oriole
Oriolus xanthornus
Oriolidae
10
Blue-faced Malcoha
Phaenicophaeus viridirostris
Cuculidae
11
Blue-tailed Bee-eater
Merops philippinus
Meropidae
12
Booted Eagle
Hieraaetus pennatus
Accipitridae
13
Brown-capped Pygmy Woodpecker
Yungipicus nanus
Picidae
14
Brown-headed Barbet
Psilopogon zeylanicus
Megalaimidae
15 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae
16 Common Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx varius Cuculidae
17 Common Iora Aegithina tiphia Aegithinidae 18 Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae 19
Common Myna
Acridotheres grandis
Sturnidae
20
Common Tailorbird
Orthotomus sutorius
Vangidae
21
Common Woodshrike
Tephrodornis pondicerianus
Vangidae
22
Coppersmith Barbet
Psilopogon haemacephalus
Megalaimidae
23
Eurasian Hoopoe
Upupa epops
Upupidae
24
Golden-fronted Leafbird
Chloropsis auriforns
Chloropseidae
25
Greater Coucal
Centropus bengalensis
Cuculidae
26
Green Bee-eater
Merops orientalis
Meropidae
27
Greenish Warbler
Phylloscopus trochiloides
Phylloscopidae
28
Grey Francolin
Francolinus pondicerianus
Phasianidae
29
House Crow
Corvus splendens
Corvidae
30
Indian Golden Oriole
Oriolus kundo
Oriolidae
31
Indian Nightjar
Caprimulgus asiaticus
Caprimulgidae
32
Indian Paradise Flycatcher
Terpsiphone paradisi
Monarchidae
33
Indian Peafowl
Pavo cristatus
Phasianidae
Ashy Drongo (Dicrurus leucophaeus) Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) Black-hooded Oriole (Oriolus xanthornus)
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Sl. No
Species
Scientific name
Family
34
Indian Robin
Copsychus fulicatus
Muscicapidae
35
Indian Roller
Coracias beghalensis
Coraciidae
36
Jerdon's Bushlark
Mirafra affinis
Alaudidae
37
Jerdon's Nightjar
Caprimulgus atripennis
Caprimulgidae
38
Forest Wagtail
Dendronanthus indicus
Motacillidae
39
Large-billed Crow
Corvus macrorhynchos
Corvidae
40
Laughing Dove
Streptopelia senegalensis
Columbidae
41
Little Swift
Apus affinis
Apodidae
42
Loten's Sunbird
Cinnyris lotenius
Nectariniidae
43
Malabar Parakeet
Psittacula columboides
Psittaculidae
44
Marsh Harrier
Circus aeruginosus
Accipitridae
45
Oriental Magpie Robin
Copsychus saularis
Muscicapidae
46
Pale-billed Flowerpecker
Dicaeum erythrohynchos
Dicaeidae
47
Pied Bushchat
Saxicola caprata
Muscicapidae
48 Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus Cuculidae
49 Plain Prinia Prinia inornata Cisticolidae
50 Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus Nectariniidae
51 Purple-rumped Sunbird Leptocoma zeylonica Nectariniidae 52
Red-vented Bulbul
Pycnonotus cafer
Pycnonotidae
53
Red-whiskered Bulbul
Pycnonotus jocosus
Pycnonotidae
54
Rose-ringed Parakeet
Psittacula krameri
Psittaculidae
55
Rufous Treepie
Dendrocitta vagabunda
Corvidae
56
Shikra
Accipiter badius
Accipitridae
57
Small Minivet
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus
Campephagidae
58
Spotted Dove
Streptopelia chinensis
Columbidae
59
Spotted Owlet
Athene brama
Strigidae
60
White-
bellied Drongo
Dicrurus caerulescens
Dicruridae
61
White-browed Bulbul
Pycnonotus luteolus
Pycnonotidae
62
White-cheeked Barbet
Psilopogon viridus
Megalaimidae
63
White-throated Kingfisher
Halcyon pieleata
Alcedinidae
64
Yellow Wagtail
Motacilla cinerea
Motacillidae
65
Yellow-billed Babbler
Turdoides affinis
Leiothrichidae
66
Yellow-footed Green Pigeon
Treron phoenicopterus
Columbidae
Pied Cuckoo (Clamator jacobinus) Malabar Parakeet (Psittacula columboides) Small Minivet (Pericrocotus cinnamomeus)
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Season Bacterial count (cfu/g)
pH Temperature (0C)
Salinity (ppt)
Premonsoon 8.37 X 107 8.3 29.2 35.9
Monsoon 9.34 X 107 7.7 26.3 25.82
Postmonsoon 2.71 X 108 7.75 26.5 31.27
Mean bacterial Density
14.93 X 107
Premonsoon 6.01 X 107 7.9 27.8 32.1
Monsoon 1.01 X 108 7.2 26.5 19.92
Postmonsoon 4.77 X 107 7.3 26.7 26.66
Mean bacterial Density
6.96 X 107
10 SACON ENVIS Newsletter - Sarovar Saurabh Vol.16(1), 2020. ISSN: 0972-3153
Coimbatore City Bird Atlas is a citizen science project
to map the distribution and abundance of birds of the
Coimbatore City using field surveys. For the survey, the 2cityscape was divided into 37 cells of 3.3 km each. The
2cells were further divided into nine sub-cells of 1.1 km
each. The volunteer birders recorded birds for 15
minutes in three of the sub-cells and the surveys were th
conducted from February 22 to March 18 2020 from 6
am to 10 am.
Over 100 interested birders from across Tamil Nadu
registered for the surveys, however, priority was given to the birders living in and around Coimbatore nd thcity. The surveys started on 22 February and were completed on 18 March. Most of the surveys were
carried out during weekends.
The GSDP students of SACON actively participated in the survey by splitting into two groups and
documented the birds along with Dr. P. Jeganathan, Bird Count India and Project advisor. The survey
was carried out in two locations of Coimbatore i.e Kanuvai and Chinna Thadagam.
Participants used Locus Free, an Android mobile application, to navigate to the sub-cells assigned for
conducting surveys. The field coordinators conducted two meetings for the team leaders and provided
hands-on training to use the navigation app. Almost all the birders were familiar with eBird mobile app
and the birds seen and heard during the survey were entered using the dedicated ebird group account
(username: kovaibirdatlas). A dedicated WhatsApp group was created to communicate with the
participants and to clear the doubts about issues related to species identity, Locus app, and for planning
the field survey.
Totally 142 bird species were recorded during this survey. The lowest number of species recorded in a
cell was 23 and the maximum was 73 bird species. House Crow and Common Myna were most
abundant (89%), followed by Rose-ringed parakeet (70%), Rock Pigeon (Feral Pigeon) (68%), and
Yellow-billed babbler (63%).
ReportonCoimbatoreCityBirdAtlasSelvaganesh K and T. Arulvelan
Coordinators, Coimbatore City Bird Atlas
Location of the Coimbatore city and the sampling grids or CCBA cells. Each CCBA cell (white) was sub-divided into sub-cells (pink) that were sampled randomly.
Participants in the field Locus App - Field demonstration
