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SarahMinnes,PhDCandidate,MemorialUniversityofNewfoundland
InternationalForumonIntegratedWaterManagement
Wednesday,November2,2016
WhyProtectDrinkingWaterattheSource?
� “Crisiswithwaterisinfactamanagementproblem,ratherthanascarcityproblem”(OECD,2011)
� AlackofSWPcanposebothhumanandenvironmentalrisks
EconomicImportance
• Walkertonwasestimatedascostingover$64.5million(notincludingtheunquantifiablecostofhumanlife)• Lessensfiltrationandtreatmentcosts
• Ratioofbenefitsofavoidingcontaminationtothecostsofsourceprotectionprogramsrangesfrom5:1to200:1(USEPA)
CleanWaterAct,2006
RelatedProvincialandMunicipalLegislation
• MunicipalOfficialPlansandByLaws• PlanningAct• ProvincialPolicyStatement• OakRidgesMoraineConservationAct• TheNiagaraEscarpmentPlan• GreenbeltAct• PlacestoGrowAct• NutrientManagementAct• BuildingCodeAct
OtherWaterRelatedOntarioLegislaDon
� MinistryoftheEnvironmentandClimateChange
� WaterOpportunitiesandWaterConservationAct
� EnvironmentalProtectionAct
� OntarioWaterResourcesAct
� SafeDrinkingWaterAct
� EnvironmentalAssessmentAct
� EnvironmentalBillofRights
� MinistryofEnvironment&MinistryofAgriculture&Food
� NutrientManagementAct
� MinistryofNaturalResources
� LakesandRiversImprovementAct
� PublicLandsAct
(NorthBay-MattawaConservation
Authority,n.d)
1/3agricultural
1/3municipal
MinistryoftheEnvironmentandClimateChange
SourceProtectionAuthority
Communication
Learning
GovernanceUndertheCWA
SourceProtectionCommittee
Municipalities
Decisions
Implementation (MOE,2007)
1/3communitygroups
FirstNations
WellheadProtecDonArea
(CataraquiRegionConservationAuthority;CataraquiSourceProtectionCommittee,2011)
IntakeProtecDonZones
(CataraquiRegionConservationAuthority;CataraquiSourceProtectionCommittee,2011)
ResearchQuesDons� WhathavebeenthesuccessesandchallengeswithsourcewaterprotectionplanningandimplementationofsourceprotectionplansinON?
� DidthesourcewaterprotectionplanningprocessinONbuildcapacityforwaterandwatershedgovernance,particularlyinruralareas?
� WhatwouldbethepotentialbenefitsandchallengesforruralregionsinotherprovincesinCanadaiftheyweretoadoptasimilarplanningandimplementationprocess?
Methodology
TheoreDcalUnderpinningsGovernance • Legislatedprocess/
organizedstructure • Integration • Rightactorsatthetable • Sharedownershipand
accountability • Knowledgesharingand
learning • Publicparticipation
• Trustbuildingandtransparency
• Fairness • Adequateresourcesand
capacity • Commonbenefitevident • Evaluation,adaptability,and
flexibility
Capacity • Institutional • Financial
• Social • Technical/human
SWPBestPractices
• Scope • Integration • Improvementofwater
quality
• Decreasedcontaminationrisks
• Waterquantitysafeguarded
PolicyTransfer
• Policycontext • Policyproblem
• Policybeingtransferred
PreliminaryFindings� Greatforbaselineinformationgatheringanddatasharing
� Greatforcommunication� Legislationprovidesneededteeth� ConservationAuthoritiesthe“honestbrokers”
PlanningfortheFuture� Annualreportingimportantfunction� Keepingscienceupdatedisimperative� Emergingissuesnotunderprescribeddrinkingwaterthreatslist(e.g.pharmaceuticals)
� Sourcewaterprotectionversuswatershedmanagement� Uncertaintyofimplementationfundinghasmunicipalities“handcuffed”
Rural?� Currentprocessexcludesmandatory(canoptin)protectionfor:� Privatewells� FirstNationcommunities
� Nomandatoryprotectionbutitwill“ruboff”
TroutCreekGroundwaterStudyPilot
� UnservicedvillagepartoftheMunicipalityofPowassanwithclustersofindividualwells
� Hydrogeologicalstudies(travelassessments)undertakentoidentifyWHPA’s
� Anysepticsystemwithin100mofanywellinTroutCreekwasautomaticallyidentifiedasasignificantriskbasedonMOECCtechnicalcriteria
� Seriousconcernregardingimpactsonhousere-sale,withdrewfromtheplan
(NorthBay-MattawaConservationAuthority,2013)
“Hastobeeverybodyornobody”
PolicyTransferforRuralOntario� ShouldtheCWAexpandintounservicedruralareas?� HowcoulddrinkingwatersourceprotectionplansbepreparedforunservicedruralareasinOntario?� Justsettlementsareas(i.e..villages,hamlets,towns)?
� Considerations:
� Extentandreliabilityofprivatewatertreatmentisvariable� Impactonhousingprices� Continuedfundingforimplementationmeasures� Etc…….
� Completionoffieldinterviews� Analysis
� Paper1-ONfindings� Phase2ofresearch-TBA� Paper2-TransferabilityofCWAforruralareas� Paper3-FinalfindingsonONSWPforruralregionsinCanada
� Finaldissertation/defense
NextSteps
ReferencesCataraquiRegionConservationAuthority,andCataraquiSourceProtectionCommittee.2011.AssessmentReportSummary.Glenburnie,ON.http://www.cleanwatercataraqui.ca/PDFs/Studies-and-Reports/Assessment-Report/AssessmentReportSummary_English.pdf.Dawe,P.(n.d.).PreventingEmergenciesthroughWatershedProtection:http://www.env.gov.nl.ca/env/waterres/training/adww/emergencyplanning/09_gander_2007_watershed_management_paula_dawe.pdfdeLoë,R.&Murray,D.(2013).Contextualconsiderationsshapingthetransferabilityofpoliciesfordrinkingwatersourceprotection.InC.deBoer,J.Vinke-deKruijf,GdeLoë,R.C.,&Kreutzwiser,R.D.(2005).Closingthegroundwaterprotectionimplementationgap.Geoforum,36(2),241-256.MinistryofEnvironment(MOE).(2007).RolesandResponsibilitiesfortheCleanWaterAct,2006.Queen’sPrinter:Ontario,Canada.RetrievedJune2,2012,fromhttp://www.cataraquiregion.on.ca/management/pop_up/cwact_rolesandresponsibilities.pdfNorthBay-MattawaConservationAuthority.(2013).TroutCreekremovedfromdrinkingwatersourceprotectionprogram.RetrievedOct31,2016fromhttp://www.nbmca.on.ca/news.asp?id=158NorthBay-MattawaConservationAuthority.(n.d.).SummaryofOntario'swaterrelatedlegislationDrinkingwatersourceprotection.RetrievedNovember1,2016fromhttp://actforcleanwater.ca/index.php?page=summary-of-ontario-s-water-related-legislationOECD.(2011).WaterGovernanceinOECDCountries:AMulti-levelApproach.RetrievedFebruary9,2011,fromhttp://www.oecd.org/gov/regionaldevelopment/48885867.pdf