Sara Fahmy's Portfolio

S A R AHMY

F

PaintingBased on White Swan by Leonid

Afremov

8.5in. x 11in.Adobe Illustrator

The 21 Tour

October 11th 12th 13th 14

th 2012

www.ticketmaster.com

Madison Squar

e Garden

Adele

Adele Poster Version 1

11in. x 17in.Adobe Illustrator

Adobe Photoshop

The 21 Tour

October 11th 12th 13th 14

th 2012

www.ticketmaster.com

Madison Squar

e Garden

Adele

Adele Poster Version 2


Adobe Photoshop

**Special panel discussion immediately following the Thursday, Dec. 8th performance**

Tickets

By Robert Bolt / Directed by Thomas ONiell

December 1, 2, 8, 9 & 10, 2011 at 7:30 PMMatinees on December 3 & 10 at 2:00 PM

$12 : General Admission`$7 : Students/Seniors (65+)/All BCC staff

http://tickets.bergen.eduFor information/reservations call 201-447-7428

Anna Maria Ciccone Theatre

A Man For All Seasons Play Poster


Allergies got you blue? Dont let them keep

you out of the picture...

GET

CLE A R

Claritin Poster


Adobe Photoshop

Photogram 1

8in. x 10in.B&W Photo

Photogram 2


Book Cover

21.5in. x 9.5in.Adobe InDesignAdobe Illustrator

Adobe Photoshop

Ehenditation rehendigenit earum et accaectatem nulparchil mo et volorpo reiciet, con provitat-ure, senimusdam quam, sed quunt eumque exceperitat etur atest exercip idestiist remque veliqui omnis mag-natem hicipis dolupiet veri ide sit velectem nobis sequo debit repro. Veratia tectemp elenihita cul-parunt eos magnat et unt, eatus ab in nimos estores equiscidem eatum eum escim re essenis et exped mod quo verchitatia vendit delest, omnite cores solorehenti odis moluptaernam inveri-oresto veles et, sinveniame vel ipsae-cust doluptatqui bea ne eos et autem et qui commolorit, tem etumquibus molesed eic to ipsustia ilignam ip-saepres experepudam.

Ehenditation rehendigenit earum et accaectatem nulparchil mo et volorpo reiciet, con provitature, senimusdam quam, sed quunt eumque exceperitat etur atest exercip idestiist remque veliqui omnis magnatem hicipis dolupiet veri ide sit velectem nobis sequo debit repro.

Provitature, senimusdam quam, sed quunt

Veratia tectemp elenihita culparunt eos magnat et unt, eatus ab in nimos estores equiscidem eatum eum escim re essenis et exped mod quo verchita-tia vendit delest, omnite cores solorehenti odis moluptaernam inverioresto veles et, sinveniame vel ipsaecust doluptatqui bea ne eos et autem et qui commolorit, tem etumquibus molesed eic to ipsustia.

Ehenditation rehendigenit earum et accaecta-

Tectemp elenihita culparunt eos magnat et unt, eatus ab in nimos estores equiscidem eatum eum escim re essenis et exped mod quo verchitatia ven-dit delest, omnite cores solorehenti odis moluptaernam inverioresto veles et, sinveniame vel ipsaecust.

Veratia tectemp elenihita culparunt eos mag-

April Grieman dae re aspe ali-quas aut occuptatet ipidunti dolorro torem quiae veribus aut am quisquis nonem. Nam dit hicturem dus es eume rempera epuditisquam quis re, cum re pratemporest omnihilit dolor-em iusdae atae peroritem quia ducil ius aut illauda eprecae nimi, ullitibea sim expligentios solendus ut labore, nosto occabor eperior porepta simen-diam volor am, optae laut ut dolum assimpo rempor fugiatibus.

Jacket design by Sara FahmyJacket photography by Happy Lucky

Photograph of the author Graham John

Visit our website at:www.penguin.com

G.P. PUTNAMS SONSa member of

Penguin Group (USA) Inc.

Ehenditation rehendigenit earum et accaectatem nulparchil mo et volorpo reiciet, con provitat-ure, senimusdam quam, sed quunt eumque exceperitat etur atest exercip idestiist remque veliqui omnis mag-natem hicipis dolupiet veri ide sit velectem nobis sequo debit repro. Veratia tectemp elenihita cul-parunt eos magnat et unt, eatus ab in nimos estores equiscidem eatum eum escim re essenis et exped mod quo verchitatia vendit delest, omnite cores solorehenti odis moluptaernam inveri-oresto veles et, sinveniame vel ipsae-cust doluptatqui bea ne eos et autem et qui commolorit, tem etumquibus molesed eic to ipsustia ilignam ip-saepres experepudam.

Ehenditation rehendigenit earum et accaectatem nulparchil mo et volorpo reiciet, con provitature, senimusdam quam, sed quunt eumque exceperitat etur atest exercip idestiist remque veliqui omnis magnatem hicipis dolupiet veri ide sit velectem nobis sequo debit repro.

Provitature, senimusdam quam, sed quunt

Veratia tectemp elenihita culparunt eos magnat et unt, eatus ab in nimos estores equiscidem eatum eum escim re essenis et exped mod quo verchita-tia vendit delest, omnite cores solorehenti odis moluptaernam inverioresto veles et, sinveniame vel ipsaecust doluptatqui bea ne eos et autem et qui commolorit, tem etumquibus molesed eic to ipsustia.

Ehenditation rehendigenit earum et accaecta-

Tectemp elenihita culparunt eos magnat et unt, eatus ab in nimos estores equiscidem eatum eum escim re essenis et exped mod quo verchitatia ven-dit delest, omnite cores solorehenti odis moluptaernam inverioresto veles et, sinveniame vel ipsaecust.

Veratia tectemp elenihita culparunt eos mag-

April Grieman dae re aspe ali-quas aut occuptatet ipidunti dolorro torem quiae veribus aut am quisquis nonem. Nam dit hicturem dus es eume rempera epuditisquam quis re, cum re pratemporest omnihilit dolor-em iusdae atae peroritem quia ducil ius aut illauda eprecae nimi, ullitibea sim expligentios solendus ut labore, nosto occabor eperior porepta simen-diam volor am, optae laut ut dolum assimpo rempor fugiatibus.

Jacket design by Sara FahmyJacket photography by Happy Lucky

Photograph of the author Graham John

Visit our website at:www.penguin.com

G.P. PUTNAMS SONSa member of

Penguin Group (USA) Inc.

Using

his kno

wledge o

f die making, G

utenberg created several pieces of type, not in wood but in metal. It was this process of printing from cast type and not the process of printing per sewhich already existedthat was Gutenbergs great contribution to the graphic arts. Technically

speaking, G

utenberg

s inven

tion, th

e lette

rpres

s, wa

s so w

ell co

nceiv

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at it

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ained

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dom

inant

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ting

proc

ess f

or al

most v

e hun

dred y

ears.

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s genius was realizing that printing would be more ef cient if, instead of using a single woodblock to print an entire page, the individual letters were cast as separate blocks and then assembled into pages. In this man

ner, pages c

ould be

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ter, e

rrors

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d m

ore

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ly, a

nd, a

fter p

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aned

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sed.

A relatively inexpensive means of producing multiple copies of books seems to have been developed just a little before Gutenberg began his experim

ents with pri n ting. This was the so called block book whose pages had illustrations and minimal text cut together on the same block. The carved blocks were inked, and images were

transferred

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er in mu

ltiples

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riars

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rough

t the w

ord of

God to

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ng class

and the po

or.Handwritten manuscripts were made to order and were usually expensive. They were laboriously copied by scribes who had either to read from a manuscript or have it read to them while copying. This process was not only time-consuming, but led to man

y errors, whic

h had co

rrected.

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g to the

expe

nse w

as th

e sca

rcity

and h

igh co

st of

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t. As a

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lt, ha

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cripts

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rgymen, s

cholars, and

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aker. He was in the right place because Mainz was a cultural and commercial center. It was the rig

ht time be

cause

the Re

naiss

ance

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t for k

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edge

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ting

a gr

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ket fo

r boo

ks th

at co

uld no

t be s

atis ed

with th

e tradition

al handwritten ma

nuscripts.

Johannes Gutenberg was born in Mainz, Germ

any, some time around 1397. Little is know about his e

arly ye

ars, b

ut it i

s clea

r tha

t he

was t

he rig

ht ma

n, in t

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t place at t

he right time.

PRINTING IN GERMANYPIG Series - 1

8.5in. x 11in.Adobe InDesign

Johannes Gutenberg was born in Mainz, Germany, some time around 1397. Little is know about his

early years, but it is clear that he was the right

man, in the right place at the right time.

Gutenberg was the right man be-cause of his familiarity with the craft of the goldsmith and the di-emaker. He was in the right place because Mainz was a cultural and commercial center. It was the right time because the Renaissance thirst for knowledge was creating a growing market for books that could not be satisfied with the tra-ditional handwritten manuscripts.

Handwritten manuscripts were made to order and were usually expensive. They were laboriously copied by scribes who had either to read from a manuscript or

have it read to them while copying. This process was not only time-consuming, but led to many errors, which had cor-rected. Adding to the expense was the

scarcity and high cost of vellum and parchment. As a result, handwritten

manuscripts were limited to a select few: clergymen, scholars, and wealthy

individuals.

A relatively inexpensive means of producing multiple copies of books seems to have been developed just a little before Gutenberg be-gan his experiments with printing. This was the so called block book whose pages had illustrations and minimal text cut together on the same block. The carved blocks were inked, and images were transferred onto pa-per in multiples by rubbing or by the use of the screw press. Block books were believed to have been made for semiliterate, preach-ing friars who brought the word of God to the urban working class and the poor.

Gutenbergs genius was realizing that printing would be more effi-cient if, instead of using a single

woodblock to print an entire page, the individual letters were cast as separate blocks and then assem-

bled into pages. In this manner, pages could be made up faster, er-rors could be corrected more rap-

idly, and, after printing, the type could be cleaned and reused.

Using his knowledge of die making, Gutenberg created several pieces of type, not in wood but in metal. It was this process of printing from cast type and not the process of printing per sewhich already existedthat was Gutenbergs great contribution to the graphic arts. Technically speak-ing, Gutenbergs invention, the letter-press, was so well conceived that it remained the dominant printing pro-cess for almost five hundred years.

PRINTING INGERMANY

PIG Series - 2


Johannes Gutenberg was born in Mainz, Germany, some time around 1397. Little is know about his early years, but it is clear that he was the right m

an, in the right place at the right time. Johannes G

utenberg was born in M

ainz, Germ

any, some tim

e around 1397. Little is know about his early years, but it is clear that he was the right man, in the right place at

the r

ight

tim

e. Jo

hann

es G

uten

berg

was

bor

n in

Mai

nz, G

erm

any,

som

e tim

e aro

und

1397

. Litt

le is

kno

w ab

out h

is ea

rly y

ears

, but

it is

clea

r Gutenberg was the right man because of his familiarity with the cra of the goldsmith and the diemaker. H

e was in the right place because M

ainz was a cultural and com

mercial center. It w

as the right time because the Renaissance t

hirst for knowledge was creating a growing market for books that could not be satis ed with the tradi

tiona

l han

dwrit

ten

man

uscr

ipts.

Gut

enbe

rg w

as th

e rig

ht m

an b

ecau

se o

f his

fam

iliar

ity w

ith th

e cra

of

the g

olds

mith

and

the d

i- Handwritten manuscripts were made to order and were usually expensive. ey were laboriously cop ied by scribes who had either to read from

a manuscript or have it read to them

while copying. is process w

as not only time-consum

ing, but led to many errors, which had corrected. Adding to the expense was the scarcity and high cost of vellum

and

parc

hmen

t. A

s a re

sult,

han

dwrit

ten

man

uscr

ipts

wer

e lim

ited

to a

sele

ct fe

w: c

lerg

ymen

, sch

olar

s, an

d w

ealth

y in

divi

dual

s. H

andw

ritte

n A relatively inexpensive means of producing multiple copies of books seems to have been developed just a little b efore G

utenberg began his experiments w

ith printing. is was the so called block book w

hose pages had illustrations and minim

al text cut together on the same block

. e carved blocks were inked, and images were transferred onto paper in multiples by rubbing or by the use of the sc

rew

pre

ss. B

lock

boo

ks w

ere b

eliev

ed to

hav

e bee

n m

ade f

or se

mili

tera

te, p

reac

hing

fria

rs w

ho b

roug

ht th

e wor

d of

God

to th

e urb

an w

orki

ng cl

ass a

nd th

e poo

r.

Gutenbergs genius was realizing that printing would be more e cient if, instead of using a single woodblock to print an entire page, the individual letters w

ere cast as separate blocks and then assembled into pages. In this manner, pages could be made u

p fa

ster,

erro

rs co

uld

be co

rrec

ted

mor

e rap

idly,

and,

a e

r prin

ting,

the t

ype c

ould

be c

lean

ed an

d re

used

.

Using his knowledge of die making, Gutenberg created several pieces of type, not in wood but in m

etal. It was this process of printing from

cast type and not the process of printing per sew

hich already existedthat

was Gutenbergs great contribution to the graphic arts. Technically speaking, Guten

berg

s in

vent

ion,

the l

ette

rpre

ss, w

as so

wel

l con

ceiv

ed th

at it

rem

aine

d th

e dom

inan

t prin

ting

proc

ess f

or al

mos

t v

e hun

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rs.

PR

INT

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GE

RM

AN

YIN

PIG Series - 3


Johannes Gutenberg was born in Mainz, Germany, some time around 1397. Little is know about his early years, but it is clear that he was the right man, in the right place at the right time.






Johannes Gutenberg was born in Mainz, Germany, some time around 1397. Little is know about his early years, but it is clear that he was the right man, in the right place at the right time.Gutenberg was the right man because of his familiarity with the craft of the goldsmith and the diemaker. He was in the right place because Mainz was a cultural and commercial center. It was the right time because the Renaissance thirst for knowledge was creating a growing market for books that could not be satisfied with the traditional handwritten manuscripts.

Gutenberg was the right man because of his familiarity with the craft of the goldsmith and the diemaker. He was in the right place because Mainz was a cultural and commercial center. It was the right time because the Renaissance thirst for knowledge was creating a growing market for books that could not be satisfied with the traditional handwritten manuscripts.

Gutenberg was the right man because of his familiarity with the craft of the goldsmith and the diemaker. He was in the right place because Mainz was a cultural and commercial center. It was the right time because the Renaissance thirst for knowledge was creating a growing market for books that could not be satisfied with the traditional handwritten manuscripts.

Gutenberg was the right man because of his fa-miliarity with the craft of the goldsmith and the diemaker. He was in the right place because Mainz was a cultural and commercial cen-ter. It was the right time because the Renais-sance thirst for knowledge was creating a grow-ing market for books that could not be satisfied with the traditional handwritten manuscripts.

Gutenberg was the right man because of his fa-miliarity with the craft of the goldsmith and the diemaker. He was in the right place because Mainz was a cultural and commercial cen-ter. It was the right time because the Renais-sance thirst for knowledge was creating a grow-ing market for books that could not be satisfied with the traditional handwritten manuscripts.

Handwritten manuscripts were made to order and were usu-ally expensive. They were laboriously copied by scribes who had either to read from a manuscript or have it read to them while copying. This process was not only time-consuming, but led to many errors, which had corrected. Adding to the expense was the scarcity and high cost of vellum and parch-ment. As a result, handwritten manuscripts were limited to a select few: clergymen, scholars, and wealthy individuals.





A relatively inexpensive means of producing multiple copies of books seems to have been developed just a little before Gutenberg began his experiments with printing. This was the so called block book whose pages had illustrations and mini-mal text cut together on the same block. The carved blocks were inked, and imag-es were transferred onto paper in multiples by rubbing or by the use of the screw press. Block books were believed to have been made for semiliterate, preach-ing friars who brought the word of God to the urban working class and the poor.


A relatively inexpensive means of producing multiple copies of books seems to have been developed just a little before Gutenberg began his experiments with printing. This was the so called block book whose pages had illustrations and mini-mal text cut together on the same block. The carved blocks were inked, and imag-es were transferred onto paper in multiples by rubbing or by the use of the screw press. Block books were believed to have been made for semiliterate, preach-ing friars who brought the word of God to the urban working class and the poor.Gutenbergs genius was realizing that printing would be more efficient if,

instead of using a single woodblock to print an entire page, the individual letters were cast as separate blocks and then assembled into pages. In this manner, pages could be made up faster, errors could be corrected more rapidly, and, after printing, the type could be cleaned and reused.

Gutenbergs genius was realizing that printing would be more efficient if, instead of using a single woodblock to print an entire page, the individual letters were cast as separate blocks and then assembled into pages. In this manner, pages could be made up faster, errors could be corrected more rapidly, and, after printing, the type could be cleaned and reused.


Using his knowledge of die making, Gutenberg created several pieces of type, not in wood but in metal. It was this process of printing from cast type and not the process of printing per sewhich already existedthat was Gutenbergs great contribution to the graphic arts. Technically speaking, Gutenbergs invention, the letterpress, was so well conceived that it remained the dominant printing process for almost five hundred years.

Using his knowledge of die making, Gutenberg created several pieces of type, not in wood but in metal. It was this process of printing from cast type and not the process of printing per sewhich already existedthat was Gutenbergs great contribution to the graphic arts. Technically speaking, Gutenbergs invention, the letterpress, was so well conceived that it remained the dominant printing process for almost five hundred years.



A relatively inexpensive means of producing multiple copies of books seems to have been developed just a little before Gutenberg began his experiments with printing. This was the so called block book whose pages had illustrations and min-imal text cut together on the same block. The carved blocks were inked, and imag-es were transferred onto paper in multiples by rubbing or by the use of the screw press. Block books were believed to have been made for semiliterate, preaching friars who brought the word of God to the urban working class and the poor.

Handwritten manuscripts were made to order and were usually expensive. They were laboriously copied by scribes who had either to read from a manuscript or have it read to them while copying. This process was not only time-consuming, but led to many errors, which had corrected. Adding to the expense was the scarcity and high cost of vellum and parchment. As a result, handwritten manu-scripts were limited to a select few: clergymen, scholars, and wealthy individuals.

Gutenberg was the right man because of his familiarity with the craft of the goldsmith and the diemaker. He was in the right place because Mainz was a cultural and commercial center. It was the right time because the Re-naissance thirst for knowledge was creating a growing market for books that could not be satisfied with the traditional handwritten manuscripts.


Using his knowledge of die making, Gutenberg created several pieces of type, not in wood but in metal. It was this process of printing from cast type and not the process of printing per sewhich already existedthat was Gutenbergs great contribution to the graphic arts. Technically speak-ing, Gutenbergs invention, the letterpress, was so well conceived that it remained the dominant printing process for almost five hundred years.

PRINTING IN GERMANYPRINTING IN GERMANYPRINTING IN GERMANY

PRINTING IN GERMANYPRINTING IN GERMANYPRINTING IN GERMANY

PRINTING IN GERMANYPRINTING IN GERMANYPRINTING IN GERMANYPRINTING IN GERMANY

PIG Series - 4


A relatively inexpensive means of producing mul-tiple copies of books seems to have been developed just a little before Guten-berg began his experiments with printing. This was the so called block book whose pages had illustrations and minimal text cut together on the same block. The carved blocks were inked, and imag-es were transferred onto pa-per in multiples by rubbing or by the use of the screw press. Block books were be-lieved to have been made for semiliterate, preach-ing friars who brought the word of God to the urban working class and the poor.

J o h a n n e s G u t e n b e r g was born in Mainz, Germa-ny, some time around 1397. Little is know about his early years, but it is clear that he was the right man, in the right place at the right time.

Gutenberg was the right man because of his famil-iarity with the craft of the goldsmith and the diemak-er. He was in the right place because Mainz was a cul-tural and commercial cen-ter. It was the right time because the Renaissance thirst for knowledge was creating a growing market for books that could not be satisfied with the traditional handwritten manuscripts.

Handwritten manuscripts were made to order and were usu-ally expensive. They were labori-ously copied by scribes who had either to read from a manuscript or have it read to them while copying. This process was not only time-consuming, but led to many errors, which had correct-ed. Adding to the expense was the scarcity and high cost of vel-lum and parchment. As a result, handwritten manuscripts were limited to a select few: clergymen, scholars, and wealthy individuals.Gutenbergs ge-

nius was realizing that printing would be more efficient if, instead of using a single woodblock to print an entire page, the individual letters were cast as separate blocks and then assembled into pages. In this man-ner, pages could be made up faster, er-rors could be cor-rected more rapidly, and, after printing, the type could be cleaned and reused.

Using his knowledge of die making, Gutenberg cre-ated several pieces of type, not in wood but in metal. It was this process of print-ing from cast type and not the process of printing per sewhich already existedthat was Gutenbergs great contribution to the graphic arts. Technically speaking, Gutenbergs invention, the letterpress, was so well con-ceived that it remained the dominant printing process for almost five hundred years.

PRINTINGIN

GERMANY

PIG Series - 5


Fresh Flow Magazine Ad

8.5in. x 11in.Adobe Illustrator

The freshness of Rain on a warm day...

CONDITIONER2-in-1 SHAmPOO

SHAMPOO

SHAMPOO

BAD RomanceLOVEGAMEIllumination

Panels1 & 2

5.5in. x 8.5in.Adobe Illustrator

Adobe Photoshop

JUDAS TELEPHONE

Illumination Panels 3 & 4


Adobe Photoshop

YOU & I DANCE in The DarkIllumination Panels 5 & 6


Adobe Photoshop

Illumination Panels 7 & 8


Adobe PhotoshopHIGHWAY Unicorn (Road to LoVe)

ARRY The NightMM

Lights 1


Lights 2


PLK Letterhead

Adobe Illustrator

PLK Business Card & Envelope

Adobe Illustrator

PLK Packaging Lipstick Vibes

Adobe Illustrator

PLK Packaging Cuffs

Adobe Illustrator

Graphic Arts Layout

10in. x 10in.Adobe InDesign

The most significant event of the cen-turyand one that dramatically affected the course of historywas Johannes Gutenbergs invention of printing from individual pieces of cast type. The suc-cess of Gutenbergs press was phenom-enal. It is estimated that by the end of the century more than a thousand printing shops were operating in more than two hundred centers, and that 40,000 editions, or 10 to 20 million books, had been printeda total that represents more books than had ever been produced before Guten-bergs time.


Guten-berg was the right man because of his familiar-ity with the craft of the goldsmith and the diemaker. He was in the right place because Mainz was a cultural and com-mercial center. It was the right time because the

Renaissance thirst for knowledge was creating a growing market for books that could not be satisfied with the traditional handwritten manuscripts.

Handwritten manuscripts were made to order and were usually expensive. They were laboriously copied by scribes who had either to read from a manuscript or have it read to them while copy-ing. This process was not only time-consuming, but led to many errors, which had corrected. Adding to the expense was the scarcity and high cost of vellum and parch-ment. As a result, handwritten manu-scripts were limited to a select few: clergy-men, scholars, and wealthy individuals.

A relatively inex-pensive means of producing multiple copies of books seems to have been developed just a little before Guten-berg began his experiments with printing. This was the so called block book whose pages had illustrations and minimal text cut together on the same block.

The carved blocks were inked, and images were transferred onto paper

ARTSGRAPHIC

Printing in Germany

The most significant event of the cen-turyand one that dramatically affected the course of historywas Johannes Gutenbergs invention of printing from individual pieces of cast type. The suc-cess of Gutenbergs press was phenom-enal. It is estimated that by the end of the century more than a thousand printing shops were operating in more than two hundred centers, and that 40,000 editions, or 10 to 20 million books, had been printeda total that represents more books than had ever been produced before Guten-bergs time.


Guten-berg was the right man because of his familiar-ity with the craft of the goldsmith and the diemaker. He was in the right place because Mainz was a cultural and com-mercial center. It was the right time because the

Renaissance thirst for knowledge was creating a growing market for books that could not be satisfied with the traditional handwritten manuscripts.

Handwritten manuscripts were made to order and were usually expensive. They were laboriously copied by scribes who had either to read from a manuscript or have it read to them while copy-ing. This process was not only time-consuming, but led to many errors, which had corrected. Adding to the expense was the scarcity and high cost of vellum and parch-ment. As a result, handwritten manu-scripts were limited to a select few: clergy-men, scholars, and wealthy individuals.

A relatively inex-pensive means of producing multiple copies of books seems to have been developed just a little before Guten-berg began his experiments with printing. This was the so called block book whose pages had illustrations and minimal text cut together on the same block.

The carved blocks were inked, and images were transferred onto paper

ARTSGRAPHIC

Printing in Germany

Gutenberg oversaw the completion of

the job or gained any financial rewards

for his efforts.

After the judgement, it is believed that

Gutenberg set up another shop and continued printing books and

other materi-als for another ten years. In 1465, he received a gener-ous pen-sion from the local archbish-op but died three years later. According to an early

source, he was buried in the Franciscan

church at Mainz

After Fust

and Schoeffer took over Guten-

bergs shop, the first book they printed

and published was the Mainz Psalter

of 1457. This psalter was notable for

a number of reasons: it was the first

book with a colophon showing the

printers name, location, date of pub-

lication, and printers mark or device.

It was also the first book in which the

display initials were printed in color

rather than painted by hand. The part-

ners printed a number of important

books, two of which were the Latin Bible

of 1462 and a Cicero of 1465.

in multiples by rubbing or by the use

of the screw press. Block books were

believed to have been made for semilit-

erate, preaching friars who brought the

word of God to the urban working class

and the poor.

Gutenbergs genius was real-izing that print-ing would be more efficient if, instead of using a single wood-block to print an entire page, the individual letters were cast as separate blocks and then assembled into pages. In this manner, pages could be made up faster, errors could be corrected

more rapidly, and, after printing, the

type could be cleaned and reused.

Using his knowledge of die making,

Gutenberg created several pieces of

type, not in wood but in metal. It

was this process of printing from cast

type and not the process of printing

per sewhich already existedthat

was Gutenbergs great contribu-

tion to the graphic arts. Technically

speaking, Gutenbergs invention,

the letterpress, was so well conceived that it remained the dominant printing process for almost five hundred years.

With his chief assistant, Peter Schoeffer, and his financial backer, Johann Fust, Gutenberg was now ready to set up shop and embark on great master-piece, the forty-two-line Bible, so called because its columns were forty-two lines long. It is a great irony that just before the pub-lication of the forty-two-line Bible around 1455, Guten-berg seems to have lost control of his establish-ment for the nonpayment of his debt to Fust. The operation was then taken over by Fust and Schoeffer and unfortunately, there is no evidence as to whether

Insight and Innovation

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gacy

For more information, visit http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing

The hearing lossfrom

loud music

is usually painless

and gradual

Which often ma

kes

it difficult tonotice until it is

too late

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Standard mp3 headphones

dont seal the earenough

AND

to protect it

Be sMART,

dont turn the v

olume

Up

invest in noise-cancelingheadphones




LISTENING TO YOUR MUSIC

all the timedoesnt give your ears

enough time

give your ears

to r e s t

and r e c o v e r

permanent hearing loss

a breakto avoid



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