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Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control BoardBoard
Update on Maximum Update on Maximum BenefitBenefit
And Perchlorate IssuesAnd Perchlorate Issues
In the Chino BasinIn the Chino Basin
Gerard J. Thibeault, P.E.Gerard J. Thibeault, P.E.
Executive OfficerExecutive Officer
July 20, 2004July 20, 2004
Nitrogen/TDS Basin PlanNitrogen/TDS Basin PlanAmendmentAmendment
N/TDS Task ForceN/TDS Task Force 7-Year Effort7-Year Effort Funded by water supply, wastewater, Funded by water supply, wastewater,
& other governmental agencies& other governmental agencies Scientific review of water quality Scientific review of water quality
objectives adopted in 1972.objectives adopted in 1972. Evaluated Santa Ana Basin for Evaluated Santa Ana Basin for
assimilative capacityassimilative capacity
Assimilative CapacityAssimilative Capacity
If assimilative capacity exists, then If assimilative capacity exists, then may discharge at quality in excess of may discharge at quality in excess of objectives, if supported by objectives, if supported by antidegradation analysis (maximum antidegradation analysis (maximum benefit & support beneficial uses)benefit & support beneficial uses)
If no assimilative capacity, may not If no assimilative capacity, may not discharge at quality above objectives discharge at quality above objectives (Rancho Caballero decision)(Rancho Caballero decision)
““Maximum Benefit” Maximum Benefit” ObjectivesObjectives
In many cases, historic water quality In many cases, historic water quality was very good, and hence, was very good, and hence, calculated antidegradation objectives calculated antidegradation objectives were found to be very restrictivewere found to be very restrictive
Objectives too low, with little or no Objectives too low, with little or no assimilative capacity, for discharge assimilative capacity, for discharge of recycled water, or even SPWof recycled water, or even SPW
Bo tto m o fA quifer
G rid C ell Pro perties:Specific yield ,co ncentratio n
W aterL evel
C am b = 1 /V T * S(V i * c i)
ùùùù
ùùùùùù
GGGG
G
GGGG
GG
LakeElsinore
San Jacinto Fault
San Andreas Fault
230
684
983
381
476
805
319
289
234
1021
1258
545
476 321
520
332
212
407
812
721
560 665
260
568
264
313
293
255262
730
650
732
585
911
Not enough data
Not enough data
Preliminary Management Zones
0 1 2 3 4 5 Miles
N
Basin Plan Sub-Basins
TDS (mg/L)Historical Ambient Concentrations
1954-1973
TDS (mg/L)Current - Historical Concentrations
ùùùù
ùùùùùù
GGGG
G
GGGG
GG
LakeElsinore
San Jacinto Fault
San Andreas Fault
-4
72
3
1
-15
15
31
-14
2341
1932
475
68
298
44
213
-71
48
-4
-117 -86
37
182
-24
41
33
70
4457
30
-20
-2
27
Not enough dataNot enough data
Not enough data
Preliminary Management Zones
0 1 2 3 4 5 Miles
N
Basin Plan Sub-BasinsTDS (mg/L)
Historical Ambient Concentrations1954-1973
TDS (mg/L)Current - Historical Concentrations
ùùùù
ùùùùùù
GGGG
G
GGGG
GG
LakeElsinore
San Jacinto Fault
San Andreas Fault
2.0
8.3
25.5
1.5
1.0
10.5
4.1
4.2
7.6
2.5
2.8
2.5
1.7
2.0
4.1
1.4
1.0
7.3
2.4
2.7
19.5
13.3
6.2 12.1
1.9
5.2
1.5
2.7
2.9
4.9
3.5
13.3
3.7
5.9
Not enough data
Not enough data
Preliminary Management Zones
0 1 2 3 4 5 Miles
N
Basin Plan Sub-Basins
Nitrate-N (mg/L)Historical Ambient Concentrations
1954-1973
ùùùù
ùùùùùù
GGGG
G
GGGG
GG
LakeElsinore
San Jacinto Fault
San Andreas Fault
0.7
7.2
1.1
1.6
2.3
1.0
0.5
-0.9
2.6
2.4
1.2
0.5
1.1
0.5
0.9
-1.80.2
1.5
-1.8 -2.6
0.8
-0.5
1.3
1.8
4.5
2.0
4.8
15.8
6.2
3.4
-0.3
1.5
Not enough data
Not enough data
Not enough data
Preliminary Management Zones
0 1 2 3 4 5 Miles
N
Basin Plan Sub-BasinsTDS (mg/L)
Historical Ambient Concentrations1954-1973
Nitrate-N (mg/L)Current - Historical Concentrations
Max Ben ObjectivesMax Ben Objectives
Three areas made requests for objectives Three areas made requests for objectives less stringent than the scientifically-less stringent than the scientifically-derived antidegradation objectivesderived antidegradation objectives
Chino Basin, Yucaipa, and BeaumontChino Basin, Yucaipa, and Beaumont
Made proposals for integrated water Made proposals for integrated water quality and water supply management quality and water supply management strategies, including alternative WQ strategies, including alternative WQ objectivesobjectives
Max Ben ObjectivesMax Ben Objectives
Less stringent objectives would Less stringent objectives would allow lowering of water quality, so allow lowering of water quality, so must satisfy state’s antidegradation must satisfy state’s antidegradation policy – Resolution 68-16policy – Resolution 68-16 1. Demonstrate that beneficial uses will 1. Demonstrate that beneficial uses will
continue to be protectedcontinue to be protected 2. Water quality consistent with 2. Water quality consistent with
maximum benefit to the people of the maximum benefit to the people of the state will be maintainedstate will be maintained
Max Ben DemonstrationMax Ben Demonstration
Chino Basin ExampleChino Basin Example Integrated water supply planIntegrated water supply plan
Recycled waterRecycled water Enhanced stormwater captureEnhanced stormwater capture Two (later, three) desaltersTwo (later, three) desalters Recharge excess low-TDS SPWRecharge excess low-TDS SPW Hydraulic IsolationHydraulic Isolation Extensive monitoring proposalExtensive monitoring proposal Water softener improvement programWater softener improvement program
Chino Basin Max BenefitChino Basin Max Benefit
Max benefit to people of stateMax benefit to people of state Extraction and treatment of salt-Extraction and treatment of salt-
contaminated groundwatercontaminated groundwater Protect downstream users from rising Protect downstream users from rising
poor-quality groundwaterpoor-quality groundwater Less reliance on SPW for growthLess reliance on SPW for growth Integrated water supply planning – Integrated water supply planning –
Optimum Basin Management ProgramOptimum Basin Management Program
Basin Plan AmendmentBasin Plan Amendment
Regional Board strongly supported Regional Board strongly supported task force efforttask force effort
Amendment incorporating max ben Amendment incorporating max ben objectives for Chino Basin adopted objectives for Chino Basin adopted without dissent or objectionwithout dissent or objection
Forwarded to State Board and Office Forwarded to State Board and Office of Administrative Law for adoptionof Administrative Law for adoption
Current Status of Max Ben Current Status of Max Ben Basin Plan AmendmentBasin Plan Amendment
State Board staff review completeState Board staff review complete Never before attemptedNever before attempted Significant discussion and explanationSignificant discussion and explanation Asked for more explanation added to textAsked for more explanation added to text Judged non-substantive changesJudged non-substantive changes S.B. staff agreed to take BPA to S.B.S.B. staff agreed to take BPA to S.B.
Requested expedited hearingRequested expedited hearing State Board W.S. on September 8State Board W.S. on September 8thth
State Board hearing on September 23State Board hearing on September 23rdrd
Public Drinking Water Public Drinking Water Wells Affected by Wells Affected by PerchloratePerchlorate
Riverside County: 61Riverside County: 61 San Bernardino County: 80San Bernardino County: 80 Orange County: 31Orange County: 31 Santa Ana Region total: 172Santa Ana Region total: 172 Statewide: 338Statewide: 338
Perchlorate Source AreasPerchlorate Source Areas
North Rialto (DOD, defense North Rialto (DOD, defense contractors, fireworks)contractors, fireworks)
Mentone (Lockheed Martin)Mentone (Lockheed Martin) Glen Avon (Stringfellow site)Glen Avon (Stringfellow site) Orange County (Colorado River Orange County (Colorado River
water)water) Historic Chilean Fertilizer Use - ???Historic Chilean Fertilizer Use - ???
Rialto/Colton/Fontana WellsRialto/Colton/Fontana WellsAffected by PerchlorateAffected by Perchlorate
WVWD –WVWD – 55 8,000 gpm8,000 gpm Rialto – Rialto – 5 5 10,206 gpm10,206 gpm Colton – Colton – 3 3 4,713 gpm4,713 gpm Fontana WC – Fontana WC – 77 14,900 gpm14,900 gpm
TotalTotal 2020 37,819 gpm37,819 gpm
Mid-Valley Landfill
N
PyroSpectaculars
Robertson’sReady-Mix
American PromotionalEvents
FormerBunkerArea
DenovaEnvironmental
Former West Coast Loading Corp.& Goodrich Site
AstroPyrotechnics
Rialto Concrete
Former Pond
R/C/F Regulatory ActivitiesR/C/F Regulatory Activities
21 Investigation Orders, pursuant 21 Investigation Orders, pursuant to CWC 13267to CWC 13267 14 Soil & GW Investigation Orders14 Soil & GW Investigation Orders 7 Orders for Investigation of Records7 Orders for Investigation of Records
R/C/F Regulatory ActivitiesR/C/F Regulatory Activities
Enforcement ActionsEnforcement Actions 4 Notices of Violation4 Notices of Violation 3 Administrative Civil Liability 3 Administrative Civil Liability
Complaints issued ($30,000 collected)Complaints issued ($30,000 collected) 1 Cleanup and Abatement Order to 1 Cleanup and Abatement Order to
San Bernardino CountySan Bernardino County 1 Cleanup and Abatement Order for 1 Cleanup and Abatement Order for
Astro/Peters/Whittaker Corp.Astro/Peters/Whittaker Corp.
Wellhead Treatment Wellhead Treatment SystemsSystems
City of Colton – All 3 affected wells City of Colton – All 3 affected wells have treatment systemshave treatment systems
City of Rialto – 5 wellsCity of Rialto – 5 wells 2003 – one well2003 – one well 2004 – two more wells to be added2004 – two more wells to be added
Wellhead Treatment Wellhead Treatment SystemsSystems
West Valley Water District – 5 wellsWest Valley Water District – 5 wells 2003 – two wells2003 – two wells 2005 – another well, early 20052005 – another well, early 2005
Fontana Water Company – 7 wellsFontana Water Company – 7 wells 2003 – two wells2003 – two wells 2004 – one well2004 – one well
Wellhead Treatment Wellhead Treatment SystemsSystems
$3,000,000 from SWRCB Cleanup and $3,000,000 from SWRCB Cleanup and Abatement AccountAbatement Account
$3,000,000 (+/-) from Props 13 and 50$3,000,000 (+/-) from Props 13 and 50 $4,000,000 from Goodrich settlement$4,000,000 from Goodrich settlement $135,000 to date from Regional Board $135,000 to date from Regional Board
liability assessment contributionsliability assessment contributions Regional Board requested an additional Regional Board requested an additional
$2,000,000 from Cleanup and $2,000,000 from Cleanup and Abatement AccountAbatement Account
Ongoing LitigationOngoing Litigation
West Coast Loading/Kwikset Locks/Emhart West Coast Loading/Kwikset Locks/Emhart Industries/Black & Decker – Ongoing Industries/Black & Decker – Ongoing litigation seeking relief from Regional Board litigation seeking relief from Regional Board investigation activities.investigation activities.
Two Deputies Attorney General, one Two Deputies Attorney General, one SWRCB Office of the Chief Counsel SWRCB Office of the Chief Counsel attorney, and lawyer representing City of attorney, and lawyer representing City of Rialto, as well as thousands of staff hours Rialto, as well as thousands of staff hours for litigation supportfor litigation support
Additional litigation deadlines approachAdditional litigation deadlines approach
Additional Inland Empire Additional Inland Empire SitesSites
Chino Basin Watermaster – 28 Chino Basin Watermaster – 28 wells (Chino, Chino Hills, Ontario, wells (Chino, Chino Hills, Ontario, Rancho Cucamonga, and Fontana)Rancho Cucamonga, and Fontana) Initiating investigation activitiesInitiating investigation activities
East Valley Water District, City of East Valley Water District, City of San Bernardino and City of San Bernardino and City of Riverside – 17 wellsRiverside – 17 wells Initiating investigation activitiesInitiating investigation activities
Citrus and PerchlorateCitrus and Perchlorate
Many contaminated areas with no Many contaminated areas with no sourcessources
Staff research – Chilean Nitrate fertilizer Staff research – Chilean Nitrate fertilizer mined since late 1800’s, and imported mined since late 1800’s, and imported to citrus groves in Inland Empire from to citrus groves in Inland Empire from early to mid-1900’s (possible from late early to mid-1900’s (possible from late 1800’s)1800’s)
Heavily used for Inland Empire citrus Heavily used for Inland Empire citrus productionproduction
Citrus and PerchlorateCitrus and Perchlorate
Hundreds of thousands of tons thru Hundreds of thousands of tons thru WWIIWWII
Chilean contains 0.2% perchlorateChilean contains 0.2% perchlorate Acts much like nitrateActs much like nitrate Chilean Nitrate, alone or combined Chilean Nitrate, alone or combined
with CRW, may be source of with CRW, may be source of widespread low-level perchlorate widespread low-level perchlorate contaminationcontamination
California Citrograph
March, 1925
California Citrograph
October, 1928
Citrus and PerchlorateCitrus and Perchlorate
Certain affected parties are upset with Certain affected parties are upset with findings of this researchfindings of this research
Part of cleanup costs would not be Part of cleanup costs would not be responsibility of industrial sourcesresponsibility of industrial sources
Public would be required to pay for Public would be required to pay for portion of cleanup and wellhead portion of cleanup and wellhead treatmenttreatment
Expect this to be subject of future Expect this to be subject of future senate hearingssenate hearings