SANSKRIT LITERATUREFOR BEGINNERS

MAL4 C14

IV SEMESTER(2019 Admission)

MA MALAYALAM

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTSchool of Distance Education

Calicut University P.O., Malappuram,Kerala, India - 673 635

190064

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUTSchool of Distance Education

Study Material

IV SEMESTER

MA MALAYALAM

(2019 Admission)

SANSKRIT LITERATURE FORBEGINNERSMAL4 C14

Prepared By:Dr. Jayamole S.Assistant Professor (on Contract),Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit,Kalady.

Scrutinized By:Dr.K.K. Geethakumari,Professor & Head,Dep. of Sanskrit, University of Calicut.

DISCLAIMER“The author shall be solely responsible for the

content and views expressed in this book”

CONTENTS

1. Unit I Module I : General Survey of Bhasa Literature

Module II : Unique features of Bhasa Plays

The riddle of Bhasa

2. Unit II Module I : A general survey of Kalidasa Literature

Module II : General Literary appreciation of

Kalidasa’s composition

Modulle III : Kumarasambhava: General study

focusing on literary appreciation

3. Unit III Module I : Intensive study of Karnabhara

4. Unit IV Module I : Intensive study of Kumarasambhava,

Canto V, Verses 30-86

5. MCQ

bqWn‰v I

BapJw

kwkvIr-X- m-jbv°v hniz-]-kn≤n t\Sn-s°m-SpØ A\-izc Iho-iz-c-∑m-cmWv alm-Ihn `mk\pw Ihn-Ip-e-Kpcp Imfn-Zm-k\pw. ""`mtkm lmk: Ihn-Ipe Kpcpx Imfn-Zmtkmhnemkx'' F∂ D‡n ]kn-≤-am-Wv. ]Xn-aq∂v \mS-I-ß-fpsSI¿Øm-hmWv alm-Ihn `mk≥. Imf-n-Zm-k\pw aptº Pohn-®n-cp∂ kwkvIr-X- \m-S-I-Im-c-\mWv `mk-s\-∂-Xn\v sXfn-hp-I-fp-≠v. Imfn-Zm-k≥ cNn® "amf-hn-Im-·n-anXw' F∂ \mS-I-Øns‚ ]kvXm-h-\-bn¬ Imfn-Zm-k≥ `mks\ A\p-kva-cn-°p-Ibpw ]q¿∆n-I-\mb Ihn-bpsS JymXn hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂p-≠v˛

""]Yn-X-b-i mw `mk-ku-an√ Ihn-]p-Xm-Zo\mw

]_-‘m-\-Xn-Iay h¿Ø-am-\-Ithx

Imfn-Zm-kky Inbmbmw IYw _lp-am-\!''

(am-f-hn-Im-·n-an-Xw)

C]-Imcw `mks‚ \maw kwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ ]e X-e-ß-fnepw N¿® sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p. IqSmsX,

""`mk-\m-S-I-N-tI-kvan≥ tOssIx £n]vtX-]-co-£nXpw

kz]v\-hm-k-h-Z-tØky Zml-tIm-f`q∂ ]mhIx''

cmP-ti-J-c-I-hn-bpsS ""Imhy-ao-amwk'' F∂ Ae-¶m-c-K-Ÿ-Ønse Cu hcn-I-fneqsS `mk\pw \mS-I-ßfpw At∂ Adn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂p-sh∂v a\- n-em-°mw.

6

""kqX-Im-c-Ir-Xm-cwss`x \mS-ssI¿ _lp- q-anssIx k]-Xm-ssI¿btim tet` `mtkm tZh-Ip-sse-cnh'' F∂v l¿j-N-cn-X-Ønepw _mW- - ≥ mks\ A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p.

`mc-X-Øn\v Hcp Imhy]mc-ºcyw krjvSn®p \¬InbIhn-Ip-tem-Ø-a-\mWv Imfn-Zm-k≥. hmK¿∞-ßsf IrXy-ambnA\p-K-an-°p-Ibpw hmK¿∞-]-Xn-]-Øn-°p-th≠n PK-Zo-iz-c-t\mSv ]m¿∞n-°p-I-bpw sNbvX hniz-a-lm-Ihn F∂v Imfn-Zm-ks\ \n w-ibw hnti-jn-∏n-°mw. ""F∂pw \in-°m-sØm-tctXm ]pXpa'' F∂v Nß-ºpg hnti-jn-∏n-®Xv Imfn-Zm-k-s\-bmWv.

Module I

alm-Ihn `mk≥

""Imthy-jp \mSIw cayw.''

kwkvIrX kmln-Xy-]-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \mS-I-߃°vkap-∂-X-amb ÿm\-amWv \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kwkvIr-X-\m-SIc-N-bn-Xm-°fn¬ Ihn-Ip-e-Kp-cp-hmb Imfn-Zm-k\pw alm-Ihn`mk\pw A¿∞-Ku-c-h-\mb `h- q-Xnbpw ]Y-a-K-W-\o-b-cm-Ip-∂p.

""`mtkm lmkx Ihn-Ip-e-Kpcpx Imfn-Zm-tkm-hn-emkx''F∂ D‡n ]kn-≤-am-Wv.

hniz-a-lm-I-hnbpw Ihn-Ip-e-Kp-cp-hp-amb Imfn-Zm-k≥kz¥w \mS-I-Øn¬ ]q¿∆-kq-cn -I-fn¬ AK-K-Wy-s\∂\nebv°v mks‚ \ma-t[bw BZ-c-]q¿∆w A\p-kva-cn-°p-IbpwsNbvX-Xn-eqsS kwkvIr-X-km-lnXy \t`m-a-fi-e-Ønse kqcy-tim- -bmWv `mk-s\∂v a\- n-em-°mw.

7

`mks‚ Imew

`mks‚ Pohn-X-Im-e-sØ-∏‰n IrXy-amb hnh-c-ß-sfm∂pw Adn-hm-bn-´n-√. F¶nepw InkvXp-hn\v apºv aq∂mw\q‰m-≠ntem c≠mw \q‰m-≠ntem Bbn-cn-°m-sa∂v ]T-\-߃\S-∂n-´p-≠v. `mk-Ir-Xn-I-fn-se√mw cmPm-hn\v BZ-c-a¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v Ah-km-\n-®p-Im-Wp-∂-Xn\m¬ DØ-tc-¥y-bntem at‰mD≠m-bn-cp∂ GtXm Hcp cmPm-hns‚ kZ- nse apJy-]-fin-X\pw Ihn-bp-am-bn-cn-°m-sa∂v Nn¥n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. alm-flm-°-fp-sSbpw alm-\-Zn-I-fp-sSbpw D¤-h-a-t\z-jn®v Imew If-bp-∂Xv hnUvVn-Ø-am-sW∂v alm-flm-°ƒ Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.AXn-\m¬ CØcw alm-I-hn-I-fpsS kmln-Xy-kw- m-h-\-I-sf-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ ]Tn-°p-Ibpw B[p-\nI kaq-l-Øn\pw hcpwXe-ap-d-bv°p-ambn B al-XvIr-Xn-Isf ImØp-h-bv°p-I-bp-amWvsNtø-≠-Xv F∂v hniz-kn-°mw.

Module II

`mk-\m-S-I-߃

`mk≥ Fs∂mcp \mS-I-IrØv `mc-X-Øn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw "kz]v\-hm-k-h-ZØw' Fs∂mcp apJy-\m-S-Ihpw a‰-\-h[n \mS-I-ßfpw Ct±lw cNn-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Hssc-XnlywBbn-cØn sXm≈m-bn-cm-am-≠p-hsc AXm-bXv ]sØm-ºXmw\q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-Imew hsc kmln-Xy-tem-I-Øn¬ ]N-cn-®n-cp-∂p. Imfn-Zm-km-Zn-I-fpsS IrXn-I-fnepw `mks‚ IrXn-I-fpsS al-Xz-kq-N\ [mcm-f-ap-≠v. `mk-Ir-Xn-I-fnse ]e Awi-ßfpw A°m-esØ Kma-tIm-hn-Z≥am¿ ]mSn-\-S-∂n-cp-∂p. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ c≠m-asØ Zi-I-Øn¬ ]gb Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmPy-Øns‚ sXt°-b-‰Øv (C-t∏mƒ I\ym-Ip-amcn Pn√-bn¬) ÿnXn sNøp∂ "aW-en-°c' aT-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]Xn-

8

aq∂v \mS-I-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Hcp Xmfn-tbmes°´v e`n-°p-I-

bp-≠m-bn. Sn. KW-]-Xn-imkvXn F∂ ]fin-X-\mWv AXv

Is≠-Sp-°p-Ibpw Aim-¥-]-T-\-߃°p-tijw Ah `mk-\m-

S-I-ß-fm-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv. ]kvXpX IrXn-

Iƒ `mk-t‚-X√ F∂pw A`yq-l-߃ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXns‚

][m-\-s∏´ Imc-Ww, Is≠-SpØ \mS-I-ß-fnse hymI-c-W-

∏n-i-Ip-I-fm-Wv. F∂m¬ ]mWn-\o-b-hym-I-cWw ]Nm-c-Øn-em-

Ip-∂-Xn\pw FXtbm apºmWv `mk≥ \mS-I-߃ Fgp-Xn-bn-

cn-°p-∂Xv F∂ hkvXp-X-bmWv ChnsS Nn¥n-t°-≠-Xv.

cq]-I-߃°v s]mXpsh Iev]n-®n-cn-°p∂ \nb-X-amb

\n_-‘-\-Ifpw hyh-ÿ-I-fp-sam∂pw `mk-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ ImWp-

∂n√ F∂Xpw Zp¿_-e-amb Hcp \yq\X amX-am-Wv. CXn\pw

ImcWw `mk-\m-S-I-ß-fpsS ]ucm-Wn-I-Xz-am-Wv.

`mks‚ ]Xn-aq∂v \mS-I-߃ AYhm'Thirteen Trivandrum Plays'

1. kz]v\-hm-k-h-ZØw 2. ]Xn-am-\m-SIw

3. A`n-tj-I-\m-SIw 4. ]Xn-⁄m-bu-K-‘-cm-bWw

5. Ahn-am-cIw 6. Ducp-`wKw

7. a[y-a-hym-tbmKw 8. Nmcp-ZØw

9. I¿Æ-`mcw 10.ZqX-hmIyw

11. ]©-cmXw 12.`qX-L-tSm-XvINw

13. _me-N-cnXw

kz]v\-hm-k-h-Z-Ø-Øn-sebpw ]Xn-⁄m-bu-K-‘-cm-b-

W-Øn-sebpw ]ta-b-߃ ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.

9

kz¥w cmPy-Øn-s‚bpw cmPm-hn-s‚bpw DXvI¿j-Øn-\p-th≠n

a¥n-ti-jvT-\mb buK-‘-cm-b-W≥ kzoI-cn-°p∂ Xocp-am-\-

ßfpw \S-]-Sn-Ifpw, At±lw A\p-jvTn-°p∂ t¢i-ßfpw

XymK-ßfpsa√mw Xs∂ Hcp cmPy-]m-e-I\v F∂pw amXr-I-

bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. kwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy-tem-IØv kz]v\-hm-k-h-

Z-Ø-Øn-t\mfw BZ-chpw Bcm-[-\bpw e`n® as‰mcp IrXn-

bpt≠m F∂p-t]mepw klr-Z-b¿ kwi-bn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p.

]©-cm-Xw, a[y-a-hym-tbm-Kw, ZqX-hm-Iyw, ZqX-L-tSm-XvI-

Nw, I¿Æ- m-cw, Ducp- wKw F∂o \mS-I-߃ alm- m-c-Xm-in-

X-ß-fm-Wv. F¶nepw

""A]mtc Imhy-kw-kmtc Ihn-tch ]Pm-]Xnx'' F∂

XØzsØ A\z¿∞-am-°n-s°m≠v kz¥w \mS-I-ß-fpsS IYm-

L-S-\-bn¬ A\ym-Zr-i-amb kzmX¥yw ]e-t∏mgpw `mk-\m-S-

I-߃ ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. ]©-cm-X-Øn-sebpw a[y-a-hm-tbm-

K-Øn-sebpw ZqX-L-tSm-XvI-NØn-sebpw ]tabw `mks‚

CØcØnep≈ `mh-\m-kr-jvSn°v DØ-a-Zr-jvSm-¥-am-Wv. CXn-

lm-k-Im-c≥am¿ krjvSn® IYm-]m-X-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm\ kz`m-

h-Øn\v am‰-sam∂pw hcp-ØmsX IYm-]m-X-ßsf sIm≠p-

t]mbn XnI®pw \qX-\-amb Iem-in-ev]-߃ sa\-s™-Sp-°p-

∂-Xn¬ `mks‚ cN-\m-ssh- hw «mL-\o-b-am-Wv.

]Xn-am-\m-S-Ihpw A`n-tj-I\mS-Ihpw iocm-a-]- m- n-tj-

I-Øn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p∂ c≠p \mS-I-ß-fm-Wv. hn—n-∂m-`n-

tjIw apX¬°m-Wv ]Xn-am-\m-SIw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. Xm≥

Pohn-®n-cns°Øs∂ iocmas\ bph-cm-Pm-hmbn A`n-tjIw

sNøp-hm≥ Zi-c-Y≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw AXns\ØpS¿∂v

10

ssItIbn A`n-tjIw apS-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ IY-bmWv H∂m-

a-¶-Ønse ]Xn-]m-Zyw. ]Xn-∂mep h¿j-߃°p-tijw cmh-

W-h[w \n¿∆-ln-®-Xmbn NnXo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v Ggm-a-¶-tØmsS

\mSIw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p. Atbm-[y-bn¬ aS-ßn-sb-Øpw-apºv

Im\-\-]m-¥-Øn-ep≈ "P\-ÿm\'Øv h®p-Xs∂ iocm-a-]-

´m- n-tjIw \n¿∆-ln-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn- mWv ]Xn-am-\m-S-I-Øn¬

]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

as‰mcp coXn-bn-emWv A`n-tj-I-\m-S-I-Ønse ]ta-bm-

h-X-c-Ww. koXm-]-l-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw D≠mb iocm-a-˛-kp-

Koh kJyw apX¬°mWv \mS-I-Øns‚ IY Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xv.

e¶-bn¬ \S∂ kw`-h-߃ hni-Z-ambn NnXo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

Bdm-a-¶-Øns‚ hnjvIw-`-Øn¬ cma-cm-h-W-bp≤w cwK-Ø-h-

X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. cmh-W-h[w Ign™v koXm-

tZhnbpsS A·n-ip≤n NnXo-I-cn® tijw A·n-tZ-hs‚ B`n-

ap-Jy-Øn¬ e¶-bn¬ h®p-Xs∂ iocm-a-]- m- n-tjIw \S-Øp-

∂-Xmbn A`n-tj-I-\m-S-I-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]tabw

cwKm-h-X-c-W-Øn-\\ptbmPy-amb coXn-bn¬ \o´nbpw Ipdp-

°nbpw cNn-®n-cn-°p∂ ssien ]n¬°m-eØv \mS-I-I¿Øm-

°ƒ°v amXr-I-bm-Ip-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

ioIr-jvWs\ apJy-I-Ym-]m-X-ambn cNn® \mS-I-amWv

_me-N-cn-Xw. `mK-h-X-]p-cm-W-Ønse IY-bn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-

kvX-amb coXn-bn-emWv `mk≥ Cu \mSIw cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

]mNo-\- m-c-X-Øn¬ \mSIw F∂ kmln-Xy-cq]w P∑-

sa-SpØ Ime-Øp-Xs∂ kmln-Xy-tem-IØv Nnc-]-XnjvT

t\Snb ]Xn- m-im-en-bmWv alm-Ihn `mk≥.

11

""`mtkm lmkx Ihn-Ip-e-Kpcpx Imfn-Zmtkm hnemkx''

F∂ D‡n ]kn-≤w.

`mk-\m-S-I-ß-fpsS ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ:

1. kqX-[m-c≥ ]th-in-®-tijw Bio¿hm-Zm-fl-I-amb"\mµn' Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

2. "Bcy-an -im≥ hn⁄m-]-bman' F∂ kqX-hm-Iy-tØmsSbmWv an° `mk-\m-S-I-ßfpw Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xv.

3. "cmP-knwlx ]imkvXp \...' F∂ `c-X-hm-Iy-tØmsSan° \mS-I-ßfpw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p.

4. kqX-[m-cs‚ hmIy-߃s°m-Sp-hn¬ "]kvXm-h\'bv°p]Icw "ÿm]\' F∂p ]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

5. \mS-I-Im-c-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿i-ß-sfm∂pw Xs∂-bn-√.

bqWn‰v II

hniz-a-lm-Ihn Imfn-Zm-k≥

Imhy-c-N-\-bm-epw \mS-I-c-N-\-bmepw temIlrZbw Iog-

S-°nb Ihn-Ip-e-Kp-cp-hmWv Imfn-Zm-k≥. `n∂-cp-Nn-bmb Cu

temI-Øn¬ Hcp ]s£ Imfn-Zm-k-t\mfw kΩ-X-\mb as‰mcp

Ihn C√ F∂p-thWw ]d-bm≥. CXn-lm-k-Im-c-∑m-cmb hmevao-

Inbpw hymk\pw Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂ Imfn-Zm-ks‚ t]cmWv

Imhy-in-e-bn¬ sImØn-h-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

kwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-cN\sIm≠v JymXn t\Snb [mcmfw

Ihn-Isf \ap°v ]cn-N-b-ap-≠v. `h-`q-Xn, iqZ-I≥, l¿j≥,

12

hnim-J-Z-Ø≥, ` -\m-cm-b-W≥ XpSßn At\Iw Ihn-Iƒ \mS-

I-I¿Øm-°-fm-bp-≠v. IqSmsX amL≥, `mchn, iol¿j≥

XpSßn \nc-h[n Ihn-Iƒ Imhy-c-N-\-bn-eq-sSbpw JymXn t\Sn-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Ch-cmcpw Xs∂ Imfn-Zm-ks\t∏mse

c≠p am¿§-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw (Im-hy-am¿§w, \mS-I-am¿§w) k©-

cn-®-h-cn-√.

Imfn-Zm-k-s\∂ alm-I-hn-sb-°p-dn®v \ap°v hf-sc-

sbm∂pw Adn-™p-Iq-Sm. amf-hn-Im-·n-an-Xw, hnI-tam¿∆-io-

bw, A`n-⁄m-\-im-Ip-¥-fw F∂o IrXn-I-fn¬ Ihn-bpsS t]cp

kqNn-∏n-®n- p-s≠-∂-√msX as‰m∂pw At±lw Fhn-sSbpw tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xmbn Adnhn-√.

Module I

Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-Iƒ

Imfn-Zm-k-t‚-sX∂v ]fin-X-∑m-cn-e-[n-Ihpw kΩ-Xn-®n-´p-≈Xv Ggp IrXn-I-fm-Wv. aq∂v \mS-I-߃, Hcp ktµ-i-Im-hyw, Hcp Jfi-Im-hyw, c≠p alm-Im-hy-߃ F∂n-ß-s\-bm-W-h. Cu Imhy-ß-fpsS KpW-ssh-injvSyw sIm≠p-Xs∂ Imfn-Zm-ks‚ JymXn hniz-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ ]Xn-™p-I-gn-™p. AZzn-Xo-b-amb cq]-`w-Knbpw A\ym-Zr-i-amb Bi-b-ku-jvT-hhpwImfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS apJ-ap-Z-bm-Wv.

Imfn-Zm-ks‚ Imew

D÷-bn\n Xe-ÿm-\-ambn cmPyw `cn-®n-cp∂ hnI-am-Zn-Xys‚ kZ- nse \h-c-Xv\-ß-fn¬ Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p Imfn-Zm-k≥F∂mWv ]kn-≤-amb sFXo-lyw. F.-Un. 12˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬cNn-°-s∏´ tPymXn¿hn-Zm- -cWw F∂ IrXn-bn¬˛

13

""[\z-¥-cn-£-]-W-Im-a-c-knwl i¶pw

thXmf ` -L-S-I¿∏c Imfn-Zmkx

JymtXm hcm-l-an-lntcm \r]tXx k`mbmw

cXv\m\n ssh hc-cp-Nn¿∂h hnI-aky''

F∂ hcn-I-fn¬ CXv kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]kvXpX hnI-am-Zn-Xys‚ Imew kwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy-Ønepw sshZn-I-a-X-Øn\pwIe-Iƒ°pw kph¿Æ-Im-e-am-bn-cp∂p F∂pw sFXn-lyw.F∂m¬ ]kvXpX t«mI-Øn-ep-≤-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ H≥]-Xp-t]cpwka-Im-eo-\-c√ F∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw.

Imfn-Zm-ks‚ Imew C∂pw A⁄m-X-am-sW-¶nepw Ihn-

sb-°p-dn-®p≈ hy‡-amb ]Xn-]m-Z-\-߃ Bdmw \q‰m-t≠m-

Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv I≠p-Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xv. Ah-bn¬ NneXv ChnsS D≤-

cn-°p∂p:

1. F. Un. 606 apX¬ 647 hsc I\ym-Ip_vPw hmWn-cp∂

l¿j-h¿≤-\s‚ kZ-ky-\m-bn-cp∂ _mW- - ≥ l¿j-

N-cnXw F∂ KZy-Im-hy-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ Imfn-Zm-

ks\ kvacn-°p-∂p-≠v.

""\n¿K-Xmkp \ hm Iky

Imfn-Zm-kky kq‡njp

]oXn¿a-[p-c-km¿Zmkp

aRvP-co-jzoh PmbtX''

2. aoamw-km-]-fin-X-\m-bn-cp∂ Ipam-cn-e- - ≥ _u≤-Nn-¥-

I-\m-bn-cp∂ [¿Ω-Io¿Øn-bpsS ka-Im-eo-\-\mbn

GXm≠v 600˛m-am-t≠mSpIqSn Pohn-®n-cp-∂p. At±lw

X¥-hm¿Øn-I-Øn¬ Hcn-SØv imIp-¥-f-Ønse c≠p

hcn-Iƒ ]am-W-ambn D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p˛

14

Ghw ln hnZz-Zz-N-\mZv hn\n¿KXw

]kn-≤-cq]w Ihn- n¿ \ncq-]nXw

""kXmw ln ktµl ]tZjp hkvXpjp

]am-W-a-¥x-I-cWw ]hr-Øb''

C]-Imcw Ggmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw- -Øn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ _u≤-

Nn-¥-I-\mb [¿a-Io¿Øn-bpsS "]am-W-hm¿ØnI'Ønepw

Nmeq-Iy-cm-Pm-hmb ]pen-tIin ZznXo-bs‚ "sFtlmsf imk-

\'-Ønepw Ggmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ DØ-cm¿≤-Øn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂

Zfin, kz¥w IrXn-bmb Ah-¥n-kp-µ-co-I-Y-bn¬ kp_-‘p,

_mW≥, `mk≥, abq-c≥, Imfn-Zm-k≥ F∂o ]q¿∆-kq-cn-Isf

kvXpXn-°p-∂p-≠v. Zfin-bpsS ]]n-Xm-a-l-\mb Zmtam-Z-c-Ihn

`mc-hn-bpsS ka-Im-eo-\-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Bdmw \q‰m≠ns‚ DØ-

cm¿≤-amWv Zmtam-Z-c-I-hn-bpsS Imew. Imfn-Zm-k≥ `mc-hn-tb-

°mƒ ]mNo-\-\m-sW∂Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. Cu hn[-Øn-ep≈

]T-\-ß-fn-eq-sS. Imfn-Zm-ks‚ Imew _n. kn. c≠mw \q‰m-

≠n\pw A©mw \q‰m-≠n\pw CS-bn-em-sW∂v ]fin-X-∑m¿

A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

"Imfn-Zm-k-lr-Zbw tXSn' F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ kwkvIrX

]fin-X-\mb sI.-]n. \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-tcmSn Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-

Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p˛

""Ime-Sn-bn¬ ssI∏≈n C√Øv inh-Kp-cp-hn\p i¶-cm-

Nm-cy¿ F∂t]msebpw taev]p-Øq¿ C√Øv amXr-ZØ ` -Xn-

cn°v \mcm-b-W- - -]m-Z¿ F∂ t]msebpw Hcp hnin-jvS-_m-

“-W-Ip-e-Øn¬ [¿Ω-\n-jvT-bp≈ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS ]pWy-k-¥m-

\-am-bn-cp∂p Imfn-Zm-k≥....''

15

]Xn-\mep hnZy-Ifpw (\mep thZ-߃, Bdp thZmw-K-

߃, \mev D]mw-K-߃ ˛ Bbp¿th-Zw, [\p¿th-Zw, X®p-im-

kvXw, cmPy- -c-W-X¥w Ch-bmWv D]mw-K-߃) Imfn-Zm-k≥

A`y-kn-®n-cp∂p F∂-Xn\v DØ-a-Zr-jvSm-¥-amWv Imfn-Zm-ks‚

IrXn-Iƒ.

Module II

Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-I-fn-eqsS

k¿∆-e-£-W-k-ºp-jvS-amb c≠p alm-Im-hy-ßfpw aq∂p

\mS-I-ßfpw c≠p Jfi-Im-hy-ßfpw Imfn-Zm-k≥ Fgp-Xn-bn-

´p-≠v. cLp-hw-ihpw Ipam-c-kw-`-hhpamWv c≠p alm-Im-hy-

߃. taL-k-tµ-ihpw EXp-kw-lm-chpw Jfi-Im-hy-ß-fm-Wv.

A`n-⁄m-\-im-Ip-¥-fw, hnI-tam¿∆-io-bw, amf-hn-Im-·n-anXw

F∂n-h-bmWv \mS-I-߃.

cLp-hwiw

""hmK¿∞m-hnh kw]r‡u

hmK¿∞-]-Xn-]-Øtb

PKXx ]nXcu htµ

]m¿∆Xo ]c-ta-izcu''

F∂ awK-f-t«m-I-tØm-sS-bmWv cLp-hwiw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv.

hoc-c-k-]-[m-\-amb Cu alm-Im-hy-Øn¬ \mb-I-∑m¿ ]e-

cmWv F∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ [¿Ω-ho-cw, Zb-ho-cw, Zm\-ho-cw,

bp≤-hocw XpS-ßnb ]e-hn[ hoc-c-k-ßfpw Cu alm-Im-hy-

Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. Zneo-]-\n¬ [¿Ω-ho-chpw Zb-ho-

chpw ]I-S-am-Ip∂ kµ¿ -߃ alm-Im-hy-Øn¬ ImWm-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv. Zneo-]s‚ ]pX-\mb cLp-hn¬ bp≤-ho-c-amWv ImWp-

16

∂-Xv. ZnKzn-P-bnbmb cLp [\-sa√mw hniz-PnØv F∂ al-

Ømb bmK-Øn\v ka¿∏n-®-t∏mƒ [¿Ω-ho-c\pamIp-∂p-≠v.

[\w Xosc C√m-Xn-cp∂ Hc-h-k-c-Øn¬ Kpcp-Z-£n-W-bv°p-

th≠n ]Xn-∂mep tImSn s]m≥]Ww tNmZn-®p-h∂ Iu’\v

Ipt_-c-\n¬ \n∂v Bh-iy-Øn-e-[nIw s]m∂v hcp-Øn-s°m-

SpØv kt¥m-jn-∏n®v B Xt]m-[-\-Øn¬ \n∂v A\p-Klw

t\Snb cLp Zm\-ho-c-\pamIp-∂p.

bp≤-ho-c-\mWv cLp-]p-X-\mb AP≥. bp≤-Øn¬ iXp-

cm-Pm-°-∑msc \nK-ln-°msX hnP-b-io-em-fn-X-\m-Ip-Ibpw cmP-

-c-W-Im-eØv thsd bp≤-Øn-s\m∂pw ]th-in-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-

\mepw AP≥ [¿Ω-ho-c-\m-Ip-∂p. ]n∂oSv ]Xv\n-bmb Cµp-a-

Xn-bpsS AIme Nc-a-Øn¬ tZl-XymKw sNøp-I-bmWv AP≥

F∂ [¿Ω-ho-c≥.

ZnKzn-P-b-Øn¬ At\Iw cmPm-°-∑m-cp-ambn bp≤w sNøp-

Ibpw tZth-µs\ klm-bn-°p-hm≥ ]e-t∏mgpw kz¿§-Øn-te°v

t]mhp-Ibpw sNbvX Zi-c-Y≥ bp≤-ho-c-\m-Ip-∂p. IqSmsX

At\-Iw- bm-K-߃ sNbvX [¿Ω-ho-c-\p-am-Wv.

hnizm-an-Xs‚ bmK-c£ apX¬ [¿Ω-kw-ÿm-]-\-Øn-

\mbn bp≤w sNtø-≠n-h∂ bp≤-ho-c-\mb iocm-a≥ Htc

kabw [¿Ω-ho-c-\p-am-Ip-∂p. icocw [cn® [¿Ωw Xs∂-bmWv

cma≥. [¿Ωw, A¿∞w, Imaw F∂o aq∂p ]pcp-jm¿∞-ß-

fnepw cma≥ Hcp-t]mse BZcw ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂v Ihn

Xs∂ Imhy-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

cma-]p-X-\mb Ipi\pw [¿Ω-ho-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Ipi-]p-

X-\mb AXn-Yn, \nj-[m-Zn-I-fmb Ccp-]Xp cmPm-°-∑m¿,

kpZ¿i-\≥ Ch-sc-√m-hcpw Xs∂ [¿Ω-ho-c-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v

17

Imfn-Zm-k≥ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. HSp-hn¬ GXm\pw h¿jw A·n-

h¿Æ\pw cmP- -cWw \S-Øn. ]n∂oSv kvXohn-t[b buh-\-

\mbn amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

D]-am-e-¶mc ]tbm-K-Nm-Xp-cnbpw cLp-hw-i-Øns‚ awK-

f-t«mIw apX¬ a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ km[n-°pw. ""D]am Imfn-

Zm-kky'' F∂ D‡n ]kn-≤-am-Wv.

C]-Imcw ]sØm-ºXp k¿§-ß-fn-embn klr-Z-b¿°p

\¬Inb cLp-hw-i-sa∂ D]-lmcw Hcp temtIm-Øc krjvSn-

bm-sW-∂-Xn\pw X¿°-an-√.

Imfn-Zm-ks‚ \mS-I-߃

amf-hn-Im-·n-an-X-amWv Imfn-Zm-k-s\-gp-Xnb BZysØ

\mS-I-sa∂v ]fin-X-a-Xw. XnI®pw a\p-jy-I-Ym-\p-Km-bn-bmbn

\mS-I-sa-gp-Xnb Imfn-Zm-k≥ A·n-an-X-s\∂ hwK-cm-Pm-hns‚

IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-sØ-bmWv Cu \mS-I-Øn¬ NnXo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-

∂-Xv. ]kvXpX \mS-I-Øn¬ A°m-esØ cmjvSob ÿnXn-

K-Xn-I-sfbpw lmky-K¿`n-X-amb coXn-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n- p-≠v.

hnI-tam¿∆-iobw F∂ KoX]-[m-\-amb \mS-I-Øn¬

A]vk-c- mb D¿∆-inbpw ]pcq-c-h-s ∂ cmPmhpw XΩn-ep≈

]W-b-amWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]kvXpX CXn-hrØw

AXn-]m-No-\-Imew apX¬ `mc-X-Øn¬ ]N-cn-®n-´p≈ Hcp

sFXn-ly-am-Wv.

""Imthyjp \mSIw cayw

XX caym iIp-¥fm'' F∂ D‡n hniz-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬

]kn-≤-am-Wv. Imfn-Zm-k-s\∂ Ihn- m-h-\-bpsS A¥x-km-c-amWv

A`n-⁄m-`n-\-µn-X-amb A`n-⁄m-\-im-Ip-¥-f-sa∂ \mS-Iw.

18

alm`mc-X-Ønse iIp-¥-tfm-]m-Jym-\-amWv CXns‚ CXn-hr-

Øw. Bi-a-Øns‚ AgIpw ]cn-ip-≤nbpw IrXy-X-tbmsS ]cn-

]m-en-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-sSm∏w Xs∂ A\p-cm-K-Øns‚ hnem-k-`w-

Kn -Ifpw AXn-cp -I-hn™ ]nXr-kvt\-l-Øns‚ £abpw

XymKhpw tIm[-Øns‚ Bfn-°-Øepw Aßs\ F√m-ap≠v

Imfn-Zm-ks‚ ]nb-X-a-amb imIp-¥-f-Øn¬. a\p-jy\pw ]Ir-

Xnbpw XΩn-ep-≈ Cg-]n-cn-bmØ _‘-Øns‚ DZmØ amXr-

I-bmWv imIp-¥-fw. ]Ir-Xnsb kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw ]cn-]m-en-

°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ a\p-jy\v ]IrXn Hcp-°p∂ kwc-£-Whpw

a‰pw B[p-\nI a\p-jy≥ imIp-¥-f-Øn¬ \n∂pw I≠p ]Tn-

t°-≠-Xp-X-s∂.

tIhew t`mK-Øn-e-√, XymK-Øn-emWv t]a-sa∂

XØzw Imfn-Zm-k≥ Ipam-c-kw-`-h-Øn-eqsSbpw A`n-⁄m-\-

im-Ip-¥-f-Øn-eq-sSbpw klr-Z-b¿°p \¬Ip-∂p.

Imfn-Zm-ks‚ Jfi-Im-hy-߃

ktµ-i-Im-hyw ˛ taL-ZqXw

hniz-km-ln-Xy-Ønse Xs∂ BZy-tØXpw AXn-a-t\m-

l-c-hp-amb ktµ-i-Im-hy-amWv taL-k-tµ-iw. ]nb-P-\-hn-clw

sIm≠v a\p-jy-a-\- n-\p-≠m-Ip∂ shºepw thZ-\-bp-amWv Cu

Imhy-Øns‚ ]ta-bw. I¿Ø-hy-\n¿∆-l-W-Øn¬ t\cnb

hogvN hcp-Ønb Hcp b£s\ Af-Im-]p-cn-bn¬ \n∂p-a-Ise

a[y- m-c-X-Ønse \mK-]p-cn-°-Sp-Øp≈ cma-Kn-cn-bn-te°v GI-

hm-k-a-\p-jvTn-°p-hm≥ sshi-h-W≥ Ab-bv°p-∂p. ]¥≠v

amk-°m-e-tX-bv°m-bn-cp∂p Cu in£ \n¿t±-in-®-Xv. ia-s∏´v

19

F´p-amkw ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb b£s\ h¿j-Im-e-sa-Øp-tºm-

tg°pw hnc-l-t¢iw h√msX _p≤n-ap- n-®p. AXns‚ D∑m-Zm-

h-ÿ-bn¬, I¨ap-∂nseØnb \h-ta-LsØ Xs‚ ]Xv\n-

bmb b£-kp-µ-cn-bpsS ASp-°-te°v ktµ-i-hm-l-I-\mbn Ab-

bv°p-∂-Xn-\mbn IpS-I-∏m-e-∏q-°ƒ sIm≠¿®n-°p∂ b£s\

Hs´mcp k¶-S-tØmsS amXta A\p-hm-N-I\v ImWp-hm≥ km[n-

°q. Imfn-Zm-ks‚ cN-\m-]m-Shw sIm≠v AX-ta¬ ASp-ØmWv

\ap°v b£≥. mc-X-Øns‚ \K-c-ß-fp-sSbpw Kma-ß-fp-sSbpw

\Zn-I-fp-sSbpw Acp-hn-I-fp-sSbpw Bc-Wy-I-ß-fp-sSbpsams°

`qan-im-kvX-]-chpw kuµ-cym-fl-I-hp-amb Hcp Xpd∂ NnXw

taL-k-tµ-i-Øn-eqsS Imfn-Zm-k≥ klr-Z-b¿°v ImgvN

hbv°p-∂p.

EXp-kw-lmcw

Bdp k¿§-ß-fp≈ sNdnb Hcp Imhy-amWv EXp-kw-

lm-cw. CXn¬ Kojvaw apX¬ Bdp EXp-°-sfbpw h¿Æn-®n-

cn-°p-∂p. ]Ir-Xn-bnepw a\p-jy-\nepw Hmtcm EXphpw hcp-

Øp∂ am‰-ß-sfbpw AtXm-sSm∏w a\p-jy-a-\- n¬ DZbw

sIm≈p∂ kpJmZn XrjvW-I-sfbpw efnX kpµ-c-ambn

]kvXp-X Imhy-Øn¬ h¿Æn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Imfn-Zm-k-a-lm-I-hn-

bpsS a‰p Imhy-ß-fnepw EXp-h¿Æ-ß\Iƒ [mcm-f-ambn

ImWp-∂p-≠v. ]Ir-Xn-bpsS D]m-k-I-\mb Ihn-Ip-e-Kp-cp-hns‚

BZy IrXn-bmhmw EXp-kw-lm-c-sa∂v ]fin-X-∑m¿ A`n-]m-

b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

20

Module III

Ipam-c-kw-`hw

irwKm-c-c-k-]-[m-\-amb alm-Im-hy-amWv Ipam-c-kw- -hw. Cu

alm-Im-hy-Ønse \mbnI lna-hm-s‚bpw ta\-bp-sSbpw ]pXn-bmb

]m¿∆-Xn-bm-Wv. P∑m-¥-c-Ønse mh-ÿn-c-amb A\p-cm-K-tØm-Sp-IqSn

]m¿∆Xn lna-hms‚ ]pXn-bmbn P∑-sa-Sp-°p-∂p. ssIem-k-\m-Y-\mb

inh- -K-hm-\mWv ]m¿∆-Xn-bpsS ¿Øm-hm-IpI F∂ kXyw \mc-

Z-\n¬ \n∂pw lna-hm\pw ]m¿∆-Xnbpw Adn-bp-∂p. Aßs\

inh-\n¬ A\p-c-‡-bmb ]m¿∆Xn A—-\-Ω-am-cpsS A\p-Klw

hmßn lnam-e-b-X-S-Øn¬ X]- -\p-jvTn-°p∂ inhs\ kJn-

am-tcm-sSm∏w ipiq-jn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. tZh-∑m-cpsS ]m¿∞-

\-bm¬ Ima-tZ-h≥ inh-\n¬ k∂n-th-in-°p-∂p. Xs‚ NnØ-

hn-t£m- -Øn\p Imc-W-amb Ima-tZ-hs\ ]c-a-in-h≥ tIm[m-

·n-bn¬ Zln-∏n-®p. hn]-ew` irwKm-c-Øns‚ G‰hpw tijvT-

amb DZm-l-c-W-ambn F∂pw Nq≠n-°m- p-hm≥ ]mI-Øn¬ cXn-

hn-em]w CXn-t\m-Sp-IqSn Imfn-Zm-k≥ ]I¿∂p-h-bv°p-∂p. ]c-

a-in-hs\ `¿Øm-hmbn e`n-°p-hm≥ ]m¿∆Xn ITn\ X]- -\p-

jvTn-°p-∂p. lnam-e-b-km-\p-°-fn¬ Ime-ß-fmbn X] p

sNøp∂ ap\n-am¿°p-t]mepw A¤p-Xm-Z-c-߃°p ]mX-amb

Xc-Øn-ep≈ X]- m-bn-cp∂p ]m¿∆Xn A\pjvTn-®-Xv. HSp-hn¬

]c-a-in-h≥ ]m¿∆-Xn-bn¬ ]kmZn-°p-Ibpw lna-hms‚ COm-

\p-k-cWw hn[n-]-Imcw hnhmlw \S-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ia-

Øn¬ Ima-t`m-K-ß-fn¬ apgpIn inh]m¿∆-Xn-am¿ Pohn-°p-∂p.

Cu hn[w irwKm-c-c-k-]-[m-\-amb Hcp k¿∆mwKkpµc Imhy-

amWv Ipam-c-kw-`-hw.

]]-©-am-Xm-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ k¶-ev]-Øns‚ BZn-cq-]-

amWv ]m¿∆-Xn. Nnc-ÿm-bn-I-fmb k¶-ev]-ß-fn¬ AXn-a-t\m-

21

l-c-amb H∂m-Wv ]©m-·n-a-[y-Øn¬ X]- -\p-jvTn®v ]c-a-in-

hs‚ A¿≤mw-K-ambn amdnb ]m¿∆-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®p-≈-Xv.*

*A©mw k¿§-Ønse _“-Nm-co-]-th-i-sa-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ mK-amWv ChnsS ]T-\-hn-j-b-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv

DZmØ-ß-fmb h¿Æ-\-I-fmWv ImhysØ tijvT-amb

Hcp alm-Im-hy-am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂-Xv. tZh-Xm-flm-hmb lna-hms‚

\Km-[n-cm-PXzw AYhm ]¿∆-X-N-I-h¿ØnXzw CXn\v aIp-tSm-

Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. ]m¿∆-Xn-bpsS P\-\w, _me-eo-e-Iƒ, hnZym-

`ymkw F∂nh \ma-am-X-ambn \n¿t±-in® tijw c≠m-aXv

Imfn-Zm-k≥ Bcq-V-bu-h-\-bmb ]m¿∆-Xn-bpsS AwK-]-Xyw-

K-ß-sf-bmWv Ipam-c-kw- -h-Øn¬ h¿Æn-°p-∂-Xv.

_“-kvXp-Xnbpw Xmc-Im-kp-c≥ sNøp∂ temI-tZm-l-

ß-fpsS h¿Æ-\hpw c≠mw k¿§-Ønepw Ima-tZ-hs‚ i‡n-

]-Im-i-\hpw tZth-µs‚ Ima-tZ-h-t]m-’m-l-\hpw hk-¥-

h¿Æ-\hpw [ym\-ÿn-X-\mb inhs‚ h¿Æ-\hpw ]m¿∆-Xn-

bpsS khn-em-km-K-a-\hpw aq∂mw k¿§Ønse ]Xn-]m-Zy-ß-

fm-Wv. cXn-hn-em]w \memw k¿§-Øn-emWv ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-

∂-Xv. ]m¿∆-Xn-bpsS ITn-\-X-]- v, inhs‚ _“-Nm-co-th-j-

Øn-ep≈ ]m¿∆-Xn-bpsS t]a-]-co-£Ww F∂o hnj-b-߃

sIm≠v AXn-Kw- o-c-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p, A©mw k¿§w. k]vX¿jn-

I-fpw inh\pw XΩn-ep≈ kw`m-j-Whpw lnam-e-b-Ønse

Huj-[n-]-ÿ-\-K-c-Øns‚ h¿Æ-\hpw Bdmw k¿§-Ønse

]Xn-]m-Zy-ß-fm-Wv. ]m¿∆-Xo-]-c-ta-iz-c-hn-hmlw Ggmw k¿§-

Ønepw Ima-im-kvX-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ kwt`m-K-irw-Kmch¿Æ\w

F´mw k¿§-Ønepw ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

22

-bqWn‰v III

I¿Æ- mcw

BapJw

P∑\m ico-c- m-K-ambn I¿W-t\m-sSm∏w ÿnXn sNøp∂

Znhy Ih-N-Ip-fi-e-߃ Cµ≥ I]S_m“-W-thjØn¬

h∂v bmNn®p hmßp∂ kµ¿`w ChnsS \mS-Io-b-ambn Ah-

X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. kzm`m-hn-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ kw`m-j-

W-ß-fn¬ ]Zy-߃ Nne-t∏mƒ A[n-I-ambn tXm∂m-sa-¶nepw

A`w-Kn- H´pw Xs∂-bn-√. efn-X-amb BJym\w sIm≠pw IYm-

hkvXp BI¿j-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°-sIm≠pw \mSIw

Bkzm-Zy-I-camIp-∂p. ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ß-fn¬ ÿm\w ]nSn-®n- p≈

eLp-\m-S-I-am-Ip∂p "I¿W`mcw'.

injvSm-Nm-c-߃ sIm≠p Xo¿Ø NI-hyq-l-Øn¬ Xf-

bv°-s∏-Sp∂ I¿Ws‚ lrZ-b-hyY DØ-am-[-a-a-[y-a-t -Z-an-√msX

Fs∂∂pw A\p-hm-N-I-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ ÿm\w ]nSn-®n-´p-s≠-

∂p≈ hkvXpX ]Ir-X-Øn¬ ]tXyI ]cm-a¿i-a¿ln-°p-

∂p. I¿W- m-chpw GIm-¶-\m-S-I-am-Wv. a‰p ]¥≠p `mk-\m-

S-I-ß-fnepw ImWp∂ "ÿm]\' F∂ ]tbmKw I¿W- m-c-

Øn¬ "]kvXm-h\' F∂mWv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-°m-Wp-∂-Xv.

23

IYm-]m-X-߃

I¿W≥

iey≥

`S≥

Cµ≥

tZh-Zq-X≥ : Cµ-Zq-X≥

24

I¿W- mcw

(\m-µn-bpsS Ah-km-\-Øn¬ kqX-[m-c≥ ]th-in-°p-∂p)

kqX-[m-c≥:\c-knw-l-aq¿Øn-bm-h-Xm-c-sa-Sp-°bpw, Z¿i-\-am-X-

bn¬ Xs∂ tZhm-kpc ]mXm-f-tem-I-ß-fnse \c-

\m-co-k-aq-l-߃s°m-s°bpw `oXn ]I¿∂p-

\¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXh-\pw..... hP-k-am-\-ß-fmb

ssI\-J-ß-fm¬ lnc-Wy-I-in-]p-sh∂ Akp-c-N-

I-h¿Øn-bpsS s\©p ]nf¿∂-h\pw... tZh-i-Xp-

°-fp-sS-sb√mw _esØ \in-∏n-®-h-\p-amb tZh≥

io[-c≥ \nß-fp-sS-sbm-s°bpw sFizcyw ImØp-

kq-£n-°p-am-dm-I-s´. (1)

Bcy-an-i≥am-sc, Rm\n-]-Im-c-a-dn-bn-°-s´.... (Np‰n-

\-S∂p i_vZ-Øn\p sNhn sImSp-Øp-sIm≠v)

F¥v...? Rm≥ Adn-bn∏p \¬Ip-hm≥ hyK-X-

tbmsS \ne-sIm-≈p-∂bo thf-bn¬ F¥p i_vZ-

amWo tIƒ°p-∂-Xv. AtX... a\- n-em-Ip-∂p....

(A-Wn-b-d-bn¬)

tlbv.... tlbv.... Adn-bn-®mepw.... alm-cm-P≥

AwtK-iz-cs\ C]-Im-c-a-dn-bn-®m-epw.

kqX-[m-c≥:AtX a\- n-em-Ip-∂p...

`oI-c-bp≤w \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°th Zptcym-[-\s‚

B⁄m-\p-h¿Øn-bmb `rXy≥ kw`m-¥-Nn-Ø-

25

\mbpw ssIIq∏n \n∂p-sIm≠pw I¿Ws\ Imcy-

߃ [cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-te°v hyKX Im´p-I-bm-Wv.(2)

(t]m-Ip-∂p)

]kvXm-h\ Ign™p

(`-S≥ ]th-in-°p-∂p)

`S≥ : tlmbv.... tlmbv.... alm-cm-P≥ AwtK-iz-cs\ C]-

Imcw Adn-bn-®m-epw... tLmc-bp-≤-Øn\p ka-b-am-

bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v alm-cm-P≥ I¿Ws\ Adn-bn-®m-

epw.... ]m¿Ys‚ cY-Øn-\p-ap-∂n¬, B\-I-fp-sSbpw

IpXn-c-I-fp-sSbpw ]pdØpw cY-ß-fn-ep-ambn AWn-

\n-c∂p \n∂p-sIm-≠v, AXyp-’m-ln-Ifpw knwl-

sØ-t∏mse hocy-hm-∑m-cp-amb cmPm-°-∑m¿ knwl-

\m-Z-sa-∂-t]mse t]m¿hnfn \S-Øp-∂p.... iXp-]-

£-ß-fpsS A -lm-k-߃ sIm≠p apJ-cn-X-amb

bp≤-ap-∂-Wn-bn-te°v, t\m°p-hm≥ t]mepw Zpxk-

l-amb Xc-Øn¬ hocyw sIm≠p Pzen-°p-∂-h\pw

]mºp sImSn-b-S-bm-f-am-bn- p-≈-h-\p-amb Zptcym[\

alm-cm-P≥ IS-∂p-I-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. (3)

(Np‰n-\-S∂p t\m°n-bn´v) AtX... CXm AwK-cm-

P≥ I¿W≥ ka-c-Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-b- A-

\pNcssk-\n-I-tcmSpw iey-cm-P-t\m-Sp-sam∏w

kz¥w in_n-c-Øn¬ \n∂p ]pd-s∏´v CXp-hgn

Xs∂ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.... Atlm... bp≤w

D’-h-am-bn-°m-Wp∂hcn¬ ]ap-J\pw Ft∏mgpw ]cm-

26

Iaw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-h-\p-amb AwK-cm-Ps‚ apJØv

apsºm-cn-°epw I≠n-´n-√mØ hn[w lrZ-b-]-cn-

Xm]w ]I-S-ambpw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p-h-t√m.... Ct±-l-

am-I-s´....

DK-ho-cy-]-`m-h-am¿∂-h\pw, bp≤-Ønepw hocy-

Ønepw AK-K-Wy-\pw, hnth-I-im-en-bp-sa-¶nepw

Ct∏m-gnXm timI-_m-[n-X-\mbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p....

Kojva-Øn¬ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw sXfn™p ]Im-

in-°p∂ kqcy≥ s]mSp-∂s\ ]Xy-£-s∏´ taL-

am-e-I-fm¬ ad-bv°-s∏- m-se-∂-t]mse ]Imiw aßn-

b-h-\mbn AwK-cm-P≥ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p-h-t√m... (4)

Rm\n-t∏mƒ amdn-\n¬°p-∂-Xm-Wp-NnXw.

(t]m-Ip-∂p)

(\n¿t±-in-°-s∏´ Xc-Øn¬ I¿W≥ iey-t\m-sSm∏w

]th-in-°p-∂p)

I¿W≥ : AkvX-am¿§-Øn¬ Rm≥ D∂w ]nSn® cmPm-°-

∑m-cmcpwXs∂ Ct∂-h-tcbv°pw Poh≥ tijn-®-

h-cm-bn- n-√..... bp≤-ap-∂-Wn-bn¬ Iuc-h¿°p ]nb-

¶-c-amb ]hrØn Rm≥ sNtø-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p....

A¿Pp-\s\ bp≤-°-f-Øn¬ apJm-apJw ImWp-hm≥

Ign-s™-¶n¬ Fs‚ e£yw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m-am-

bn-cp-∂p.... (5)

iey-cm-Pm, A¿Pp-\-s\-hnsS \n¬°p-∂pthm Ahn-

tS-bvs°s‚ cYw \bn-°q...

27

iey≥ : \n›-b-ambpw (cYthKw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p)

I¿W≥ : tlm.... Cß-s\-bm-Wt√m bp≤-cwKw ImW-s∏-Sp-

∂-Xv. ]c-kv]cw Bbp-[-߃ ]tbm-Kn®v apdn-

th¬]n-°bpw hogvØ-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Xc-

Øn¬ ssk\n-Icpw cY-ßfpw B\-Ifpw IpXn-c-

Ifpw \nc∂p ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.... alm-bp-≤-°-f-Øn¬

tIm]n®v A¥-I-s\-t∏mse hnl-cn-°pI ioe-am-

°n-bn-´p≈ Fs‚ a\- n-ep-an-t∏mfo aplq¿Ø-

Øn¬ hnh-i-X-b-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p-h-t√m.... (6)

tlm... IjvSw....

Ip¥n°p ]Y-W-]p-X-\mbn P\n-®-h\pw cm[m-]p-

X-s\-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-\p-amb Fs‚ Cfb ktlm-

Z-c-∑m-cm-Ip∂p bp[n-jvTn-c≥ XpS-ßnb ]mfi-

h≥am¿.... (7)

ImØn-cp-∂Xpw tim -\-hp-amb B Znh-k-anXm h∂-

W-™n-cn-°p-∂p.... KpW-]m-[m-\y-ta-dnb Znh-k-anXm

ap∂n-seØn \n¬°p-∂p.... F∂m¬.... Rm\- y-kn-

®n- p≈ Znhym-kvX-ß-sfm-s°-bp-anXm km¿Y-I-ß-

fm-tI≠ aplq¿Ø-Øn¬ \nc¿∞-I-ß-fm-bn-

Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p..... amX-hp-a-√.... AΩ-bpsS At]-

£-]-Imcw AkvX-]-tbm-K-Øn¬ Rm≥ \nb-

¥-W-hn-t[-b-\p-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. (8)

A√tbm iey-cm-Pm-th, Fs‚ AkvX-hn-Zy-bpsS

hrØm¥w Cu Ah-k-c -Øn¬ `hm≥

tIƒ°p-I...

28

iey≥ : B hrØm¥w tIƒ°p-hm≥ F\n°pw AXn-bmb

Xmev]-cy-ap-≠v.

I¿W≥ : ]≠p Rm≥ AkvX-hnZy A`y-kn-°p-∂-Xn-te-

°mbn Pa-Z-·n-]p-X≥ ]c-ip-cm-a-s‚-b-Sp-°¬ t]mbn-

cp-∂p....

iey≥ : F∂n-´v...! F∂n-´v....!!

I¿W≥ : hnZyp-√-X-t]mse Xnf-ßp-∂Xpw Db-c-Øn¬ sI´n-

h-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb PSm-I-em-]-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snbh\pw,

hmbvØ-e-bn¬ \n∂pw ]Im-i-In-c-W-߃ ]c-

Øp∂ ]cip A¥-co-£-Øn-ep-b¿Øn-∏n-Sn®p \ne

sIm≈p-∂-h\pw, £Xn-b-hw-i-߃°-¥-I\pw

`rKp-hw-i-Io¿Øn hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂-h-\p-amb ap\n-

ti-jvTs\ kao-]n®p Rm≥ hn\-b-]p-c- cw hµ-

\-a¿∏n®p \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-h-\m-bn. (9)

iey≥ : F∂n-´v....?

I¿W≥ : At∏mƒ, Pa-Z-·n-]p-X-s\s∂ Bio¿h-Zn-°p-∂-h-

\m-Ibpw C]-Imcw tNmZn-°bpw sNbvXp. ""`hm-

\m-cm-Wv...? F¥p e£y-Øn-te-°m-bn-´n -hnsS

h∂p....?''

iey≥ : F∂n-´v...?

I¿W≥ : At∏mƒ ""`K-hm-t\, Aß-bn¬ \n∂pw AkvX-

hn-Zy-I-sf√mw A`y-kn-°p-∂-Xn-\o-bp-≈-h≥ BK-

ln-°p-∂p....'' F∂p ap\n-h-cy-t\mSp Rm≥ adp-]-Sn-

bm-bn-∏-d-™p.

29

iey≥ : F∂n-´v... F∂n-s´-¥p-≠m-bn...?

I¿W≥ : At∏mƒ ""_m“-W¿°p amXta Rm≥ AkvtXm-

]-tZiw \¬Ip-I-bp-≈q.... £Xn-b¿°p Rm≥ hnZy

]I¿∂p \¬Im-dn√'' F∂p `K-hm≥ ]c-ip-cm-a≥

Ft∂mSp ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

iey≥ : `K-hm\v £Xn-b-tcm-Sp≈ ISpØ iXpX ]≠p

apX¬t° \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xm-Wv...! ]ns∂-¥p-≠m-

bn....?

I¿W≥ : A\-¥cw "Rm≥ £Xn-b-\√' F∂p ]d-™p-

sIm≠v ap\n-bn¬ \n∂pw AkvX-hnZy A`y-kn-®p-

Xp-S-ßn.

iey≥ : ]n∂o-sS-¥m-Wp-≠m-b-Xv...?

I¿W≥ : Aßs\ Ipd-®p-Imew Ign-™p-t]m-I-th, Hcn-°¬

^e-aq-e-ßfpw Na-Xbpw Z¿`bpw ]q°-fp-sams°

kam-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-te-°mbn Kpcp-hn-t\m-sSm∏w

Rm\pw ]pd-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

iey≥ : F∂n´v...?

I¿W≥ : At∏m-tg°pw h\-Øn¬ Np‰n-Øn-cn™p £oWn®

Kpcp Fs‚ aSn-bn¬ Xe-h®p ibn-°bpw s]s´-

∂p-d-°-Øn-em-Ibpw sNbvXp.

iey≥ : F∂n-´v...?

I¿W≥ : XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬

hPap-J-s\∂p t]cp≈ Iran hn[n-t]-cn-X-sa-∂-

t]mse Fs‚ c≠p XpS-I-fnepw amdn-amdn ISn-®p-

30

Xp-c-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.... Kpcp-hn\p \nZm-`w-K-ap-≠m-

I-cp-sX∂ Nn¥-tbmsS ss[cy-a-h-ew-_n-®p-sIm≠p

Rm\m thZ\ kln®p ÿnXn sNbvXp... apdn-hp-I-

fn¬ \n∂pw hm¿s∂m-gp-Inb c‡-Øn¬ icocw

\\™p s]mSp-∂-t\ NmSn-sb-gp-t∂‰ Kpcp tIm]m-

·n-bn¬ Pzen-°p-∂-h-\m-Ibpw, Fs∂ Xncn-®-dn-bp-

Ibpw ""\ns‚-b-kvX-߃ Bh-iy-ap≈ Ah-k-c-

Øn¬ hn -e-ß-fmbn hn-°-s´...'' Fs∂s∂ i]n-

°bpw sNbvXp. (10)

iey≥ : Atlm.... `K-hms‚ Acp-f-∏mSp alm-I-jvS-am-bn-

t∏m-bn.

I¿W≥ : Cub-h-k-c-Øn¬ AkvX-hr-Øm¥w \ap°v ]co-

£n-®p Xs∂-b-dn-bmw.... (AkvXw sXmSp-Øp-

sIm-≠v) Cub-kvX-߃ \n¿ho-cy-ß-sf-∂-t]mse

ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p-h-t√m.... amX-hp-a-√....

Cu IpXn-c-Iƒ hnh-icpw ho≠pw ho≠pw Imep-

Iƒ ]ng-bv°p-∂-hcpw ssZ\y-X-tbmsS IÆp-Iƒ

Cdp-°n-b-S-bv°p-∂-h-cp-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p....! aZ-

P-e-sam-en-∏n-°p-∂-h-cmbn B\-Ifpw bp≤-°-f-

Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.... bp≤-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]n≥Xn-

cn-bp-hm≥ Ch-sbm-s°bpw \n¿t±-in-°p-∂-Xmbn

tXm∂p-∂p-h-t√m...! (11)

iwJp-Ifpw s]cp-º-d-I-fp-sa-√m-anXm \nxi-_vZ-ß-

fp-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

iey≥ : Atlm.... IjvSw.... F¥mWo kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-

cn-°p-∂-Xv....?

31

I¿W≥ : iey-cm-Pm-th, hnjm-Z-Nn-Ø-\m-Im-sX-bn-cn-°q...

bp≤-Øn¬ sIm√-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ kz¿temIw

t\Sp-I-Xs∂ sNøpw... Pbn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

Io¿Øn h∂p-tN-cpw. . . . c≠m-bmepw bp≤w

sIm≠p≈ ^ew temI-cm¬ BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xp

Xs∂-bm-Ipw. BI-bm¬ bp≤-Øn¬ \njv -e-

sa∂ Ahÿ Hcn-°epw D≠m-Ip-∂n-s√-∂-dn-bp-

I. (12)

amX-hp-a√,

Kcp-U-s\-t∏mse thK-im-en-I-fmb Cu IpXn-c-Iƒ

bp≤-°-f-Øn¬ \n∂p-sam-cn-°epw ]n≥Xn-cn™p

ioe-ap-≈-h-b-√... t]cp tI´ Imwt_m-P-tZ-iØp

P\n-®bo IpXn-c-I-fm¬ c£n-°p-hm-\¿l-\m-Ip∂p

Rms\-¶n¬..... Fs∂-bn-h¿ c£n-°p-am-dm-I-s´....

(13)

tKm°-fp-sSbpw _m“-W-cp-sSbpw hwi-߃ £bn-

°msX \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-h-bm-I-s´... ]Xn-h-X-

Iƒs°√mw Ipe-k-ar-≤n-bp-≠m-I-s´.... bp≤-°-f-

Øn¬ \n∂pw ]n¥n-cn™p ioe-an-√mØ hoc-]p-cp-

j-∑m¿s°m-s°bpw t£aw h∂p `hn-°-s´....

F∂n¬ h∂-W-™n-cn-°p∂ Ime-sa-\n°p t£aw

]Zm\w sNøp-∂-Xm-I-s´.... Rm\nXm ]k-∂\pwD’m-ln-bp-ambn ]cn-W-an-®p-I-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

Ak-ly -amb ]mfi-h-tk-\m -ap -J -tØ°pIS∂psN∂v Io¿Øn-tI´ KpW-߃°p-S-a-bmb[¿a-cm-Ps\ _‘n-°bpw, tijvT-i-c-ß-fpsS thK-

32

Øm¬ A¿Pp-\s\ hogvØp-Ibpw sNbvXn´v,

knwlsØ sIm√p-I-bm¬ `oXn-bn-√msX h\-Øn-

\p-≈n-te-s°-∂-t]mse ]mfi-h-tk-\-bv°p-≈n-te-

°p≈ am¿Kw Rm\n∂v A\m-bm-k-am-°n-Øo¿°p-

∂-Xm-Wv.

(14)

(C-cp-hcpw cY-Øn¬ Ib-dp-∂-Xmbn \Sn-°p-∂p)

I¿W≥ : iey-cm-P≥, A¿Pp-\-s\-hnsS ÿnXn sNøp-∂pthm

Ahn-tS-bv°p-Xs∂ Fs‚ cYw \bn-°p-I....

(A-Wn-b-d-bn¬)

A√tbm I¿Wm, Cubp-≈-h≥ al-Ø-c-amb n£

bmNn-°p-∂p.

I¿W≥ : (tI-´n-´v) Ft¥...! hocy-hm-s\m-cp-hs‚ i_vZ-am-

Wt√m tIƒ°p-∂-Xv...

sFiz-cy-hm-\mb Ch≥ tIh-e-samcp _m“-W-\-

√... Ch-\n¬ \n∂pw.... alØpw [oc-hp-amb A¿Y-

\m-i_vZw tI´n-´v.... s]s´∂v apt∂m´p \oßn-bn-

cp∂ Fs‚bo IpXn-c-Iƒ.... sNhn-I-fp-b¿Øn-∏n-Sn-

®pw, IÆn-a-Iƒ Nen-∏n-°m-sXbpw, inc- v Igp-Øn-

te°v Cdp-°n-∏n-Sn-®pw kzbw Nen-°p-∂-Xn\p tijn-

bn√mØ XqsW-∂-t]m-sebpw NnX-Øn-se-gp-Xn-bm-

se-∂-t]m-sebpw \n¬°p-∂p-h-t√m.... (15)

B _m“-W-s\-bn-tßm´p hnfn-°q.... As√-¶n¬

th≠.... Rm≥ Xs∂ hnfn-°mw... `K-h≥, CXp-

hgn hcp-I....

33

(_m-“-Ws‚ thj-Øn¬ Cµ≥ ]th-in-°p-∂p)

Cµ≥ : Blm.... taL-ß-tfm... . kqcy-s\-∂-t]mse

\nßfpw ]n≥Xn -cn™p s]mbvs°m-≈p -I.

(I¿Ws\ kao-]n-®n v ]mIr-X- m-j-bn¬) A√tbm

I¿Wm, Cubp-≈-h≥ Aß-bn¬ \n∂pw al-Ø-c-

amb `n£-bv°mbn ImØp \n¬°p-∂p....

I¿W≥ : \n›-b-ambpw `n£ e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv....! `K-h≥,

Rm\-ß-bn¬ ]oX-\m-bn-cn -°p-∂p. temIØv

IrXm¿Y-cmbn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsS Iq -Øn¬

C∂p Rm\pw Dƒs∏- n-cn-°p-∂p... cmP-ti-jvT-cpsS

Inco-S-ß-fnse cXv\-]- -bm¬ `qjn-X-ß-fmb ]mZ-

]-Zva-ß-tfm-Spw, _m“-W-ti-jvT-cpsS ]mZ-tc-Wp-

°-fm¬ ]hn-X-amb inc-t mSp IqSn-b-h\pw I¿W-

s\∂p t]cp-≈-h-\p-amb Cubp-≈-h-\nXm Aßsb

\a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p. (16)

Cµ≥ : (B-fl-K-X-am-bn-´v) F¥mWp Rm\n-t∏mƒ ]d-bp-

I.... Zo¿Lm-bp- m-I-s -sb∂p ]d-™m¬

Ch≥ Zo¿Lm-bp- mbn `hn-°pw.... ]d-bm-sX-bn-cp-

∂m¬ aqV-s\-s∂s∂ ]cn-l-kn-°p-hm-\nS hcpw...

AXp-sIm≠v c≠n\pw ]cn-lm-c-sa∂ Xc-Øn¬

Fs¥-¶nepw ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p... AsX... C]-

Imcw ]d-bmw... (]-Im-i-am-bn´pw ]mIr-X-a-h-ew-_n-®pw)

t`m... I¿Wm, `hm≥ kqcy-s\-t∏m-sebpw Nµ-s\-

t∏m -sebpw Fs∂∂pw Io¿Øn-am -\mbn

`hn-°-s´....!

34

I¿W≥ : `K-h≥, Asß-¥p-sIm≠v "Zo¿Lm-bp- m-bn-Øo-c-s´...'F∂p ]d-bp-∂n-√. As√-¶n¬ Cu hm°p-Iƒ Xs∂tim -\-ß-fm-Ip-∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬....

]pcp-j-\m¬ [¿aw km[y-am-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv AXn-]-bXv\wsNbvXn- m-Wv.... cmssP-iz-cy-am-Is´ \nc-¥cw Nen-°p∂k¿]-Øns‚ \mhp-t]mse N©-e-am-Ip-∂p.... ]Pm-]m-e-\-_p-≤n-tbmsS Poh≥ shSn-bp-∂-h-cn¬ I¿a- -e-߃kmXzn-I-Kp-W-ß-fmbn sN∂p-tN-cp-∂p. (17)

`K-h≥, F¥m-W-ßm-K-ln-°p-∂Xv.... Rms\-¥m-W-tßbv°p \¬tI-≠-Xv...?

Cµ≥ : al-Ø-c-amb `n£ Cubp-≈-h≥ bmNn-°p-∂p....

I¿W≥ : al-Ø-c-amb n£ Rm≥ hm\p \¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv...Fs‚ ssIh-i-ap≈ Zm\m¿l-ß-fmb hn -h-ß-sf-s¥-√m-sa∂p tIƒ°q...

KpW-ß-tf-sd-bp-≈-h\pw Aar-X-[m-c-t]mse £oc-[m-c-Iƒ h¿jn-°p-∂-h-bpw, ]m¬ IpSn®v Xr]vX-cmb InSm-ß-fm¬ A\p-K-an-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bp-amb ]ip-°ƒ _m“-W-ti-jvTm, `hm\p Xr]vXn-I-c-amb`n£-bm-Ip-tam...? Cfw ]mb-Øn-ep-≈-hbpw A¿Yn-I-fm¬ A[n-I-a-[nIw BK-ln-°-s∏-Sp∂ Xc-Øn¬KpW-ß-tf-sd-bp-≈-h-bpw, hnip-≤-Ifpw sImºp-I-fn¬ I\Iw _‘n-®n- p-≈-h-bp-ambn Bbncw ]ip-°sfRm≥ `hm\p Zm\-ambn \¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. (18)

Cµ≥ : Bbncw ]ip-°-sf-t∂m....! Ah-sb-s°m-s≠-\n-s°¥p Imcyw...? Aev]w ]m¬ IpSn-°mw.... AX-X-s∂.... th≠ I¿Wm, ]ip-°sf Rm\m-K-ln-°p-∂n-√.

35

I¿W≥ : F¥v...? `hm\p tKm°sf ths≠-t∂m...? `hm-

\nXpw IqSn tIƒ°p-I...

kqcy-c-Y-Øn¬ _‘n-®n- p≈ IpXn-c-I-tfmSp InS

]nSn-°p-∂-h-bpw, cmssP-iz-cy-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-ambn

IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂-hbpw k¿h-cm-Pm-°-∑m-cmepw

BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-hbpw tIƒhn tI´ Imwt_m-P-

tZ-iØp P\n-®-hbpw A[n-I-Kp-W-ß-fp-≈-hbpw

Im‰ns‚ thK-Øn¬ k©-cn-°p-∂-hbpw bp≤-°-

f-Ønse Iui-e-I¿Ω-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ \nc-¥cw

]pI-gvØ-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bp-amb At\-Im-bncw IpXn-c-

Isf Rm\nt∏mƒ Xs∂ `hm\p Zm\-ambn \¬I-

s´-tbm... (19)

Cµ≥ : IpXn-c-I-sf-t∂m...? ]pd-Øp-I-bdn Aev]-k-©mcw

\S-Øm-sa-∂-√msX Ah-sb-s°m-s≠-\n-s°¥p

]tbm-P\w..? I¿Wm... IpXn-c-Isf Rm\m-K-ln-

°p-∂n-√.... C√.... F\n°p th≠....

I¿W≥ : F¥v...? IpXn-c-Isf `hm-\m-K-ln-°p-∂n-√-sb-

t∂m...! F∂m-en\n as‰m∂p tIƒ°p-I...

aZ-P-e-sam-en-∏n-°p-∂-hbpw jUv]-Z-߃ hnl-cn-

°p∂ sN∂n-I-tfmSp IqSn-b-hbpw ]¿h-X-ti-jvT-

sc-t∏mse tim`n-°p-∂-hbpw taL-K¿P-\-k-am\w

Nn∂w hnfn-°p-∂-hbpw sh¨iw-Jns‚ \nd-Øn¬

sImºp-Ifpw \J-ß-fp-ap-≈-hbpw bp≤-Øn¬ iXp-

°sf a¿Zn®p sIm√p-∂-Xn¬ kma¿Yyw ]I-Sn-∏n-

®n-´p-≈-h-bp-amb At\Iw KP-ho-c-∑m-cp-sS-sbmcp

36

Iq´-sØ-Øs∂ `hm\p Rm≥ Zm\-ambn \¬I-

s´tbm.... (20)

Cµ≥ : B\-I-sf-t∂m....! B\-∏p-d-tØdn Ipd®p k©-

cn°mw. A√m-sX-¥m...! I¿Wm, th≠... F\n°p

th≠m.....

I¿W≥ : F¥v....? B\-I-sfbpw `hm-\m-K-ln-°p-∂n-s√-

t∂m...! F∂m¬ as‰m∂p tI´p-sIm-≈q.... Af∂p

Xn´-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-Im-ØX kz¿Ww Rm≥ `hm\p

\¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv....

Cµ≥ : AXpw hmßn Rm≥ s]mbvs°m-≈-W-sa-t∂m...!

(Aev]w AI-tebv°p \S-∂n- v) th≠ I¿Wm....

kz¿W-sa-\n°p th≠.

I¿W≥ : Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ `qan apgp-h≥ Iog-S°n Rm≥

`hm\p Zm\-ambn \¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv...!

Cµ≥ : `qan-sIm≠p Rms\¥p sNøm≥...?

I¿W≥ : Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ Rm\-\p-jvTn® A·n-jvtSm-a- ew

`hm\p \¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv...

Cµ≥ : A·n-jvtSmaw sIms≠-\n-s°¥p Imcyw...!?

I¿W≥ : Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ Fs‚ inc- p-Xs∂ Rm≥

tOZn®p `hm\p \¬Imw....!

Cµ≥ : Atøm.... Atøm....!

I¿W≥ : `b-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°q.... b-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°q... hm≥ ]km-

37

Zn -bm-bm-epw.... F∂n´p as‰m∂p IqSn tI´p-

sIm≈pI.

P\-\-k-abw apX¬ Ah-b-h-ß-sf-∂-t]mse Fs‚

ico-cmw-i-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-hbpw F\n°p tZl-

c£ sNøp-∂-hbpw tZh-∑m-cmtem Akp-c-∑m-

cmtem Bbp-[-߃ sIm≠p th¿s]-Sp-Ø-s∏-Sp-hm-

\m-Im-Ø-h-bp-amb Fs‚ Ih-Nhpw Ipfi-e-ßfpw

Rm≥ `hm\p Zm\-ambn \¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv........

]oXn-]q¿∆-I-ambn Rm≥ \¬Ip-∂bo Zm\-sa-

¶nepw `K-h≥, `hm\p kzoIm-cy-am-Ip-tam....?

(21)

Cµ≥ : (k-t¥m-j-tØm-sS) Xcp-I.... Ah-sb-\n-°mbn

\¬Ip-I.

I¿W≥ : (B-fl-K-X-am-bn) CXp Xs∂-bm-Wn-hs‚ BK-lw.

At\I I]-S-_p-≤n-Iƒ°v Bi-b-ÿm-\-amb

IrjvWs‚ Iuiew Xs∂-b-t√-bn-Xv...!? Aßs\

Xs∂-bm-Imw.... A√... Aßs\ Xs∂-bm-Wv. ZpxJn-

®-Xp-sIm-s≠¥p Imcyw....? IrjvWs‚ Iuiew

Xs∂-sb-∂p-≈-Xn¬ kwi-bn-t°-≠n-√. (]-Im-i-

am-bn- v) CXm kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≈q....!!

iey≥ : AwK-cm-Pm-th... ]mSn-√....! \¬I-cp-Xv...! \¬I-

cp-Xv....!!

I¿W≥ : iey-cm-P≥, th≠.... Fs∂ XS-b-cp-Xv... t\m°q

]Tn-®-sX√mw Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ £bw ]m]n-®-h-

38

bm-Ipw.... hfsc Bg-Øn¬ Xmbvthcp≈ hr£-

߃ t]mepw Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ IS-]p-gIn hoWp-

t]m-Ipw.... Pem-i-b-ßfpw Pe-Øns‚ Dd-hn-S-ÿm-

\-ßfpw h‰n-t∏m-Ipw... tlmam-·n-bn-e¿∏n-°-s∏-

´Xpw Zm\w sNø-s∏-´Xpw kZv^ew ]Zm\w

sNøp∂ Xc-Øn¬ Fs∂∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂-

Xm-Ipw....1 (22)

BI-bm-enXm Rm\nh c≠pw \¬Ip-∂p... kzoI-

cn-®p-sIm-≈p-I.

(I-h-N-Ip-fi-e-߃ hmƒ sIm≠p th¿s]-SpØn _m“-

W-cq-]n-bmb Cµ\p \¬Ip-∂p.)

Cµ≥ : (kzo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠pw Bfl-K-X-am-bpw) Blm....

In´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p..... c≠pw In´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. A¿Pp-

\s‚ hnPbw e£y-am°n t\ctØ Xs∂ sNø-

s∏-tS-≠-sX∂p k¿h-tZ-h≥am-cmepw \n¿t±-in-°-

s∏- n- p-≈Xp bmsXm-∂mtWm A°¿Ωw Rm\nXm

A\p-jvTn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.... C\nbpw Rm≥ sFcm-

hXØns‚ ]pd-tØdn A¿Pp-\\pw I¿W\pw XΩn-

ep≈ Zzµz-bp≤w ImWp-∂-Xn-te-°mbn ]pd-s∏-Sp-

∂p. (t]m-Ip-∂p)

iey≥ : tlbv..... AwK-cm-Pm-th, `hm≥ h©n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-

∂p.

I¿W≥ : Bcm¬....!

iey≥ : Cµ-\m¬...!

39

I¿W≥ : A√.... Aß-s\-b-√... Cµ≥ F∂m¬ h©n-°-

s∏-´n-cn-°-bm-Wv.... F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬....

_m“-W-cm¬ IW-°n-√msX b⁄-ßfpw Blq-

Xn-Ifpw A¿∏n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-h-\pw, tZh-cm-P-In-coSw

[cn-°p-∂-h\pw Akp-c-kw-L-ßsf a¿±n-s®m-Sp-°n-

b-h\pw sFcm-h-X-K-PsØ X´n-Ø-tem-Sp-I-bm¬

Xg-ºp-]n-Sn® hnc-ep-I-tfmSp IqSn-b-h-\p-amb Cµ≥

Fs‚bo I¿a-Øm¬ BZy-ambn Xr]vXn-b-S-™-h-

\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-h-t√m...! (23)

(_m“-W-cq-]-Øn¬ tZh-Zq-X≥ ]th-in-°p-∂p)

tZh-Zq-X≥ :t`m I¿Wm, `hm-\n¬ \n∂pw Ih-N-Ip-fi-e-߃

Cc-∂p-hm-ßn-b-Xn¬ ]›m-Ø-]n-°p∂ tZth-µ-

\m¬ \n¿t±-in-®-b-bv°-s∏´ ZqX-\m-Ip∂p Rm≥....

]mfi-h-cn¬ Hcphs\ h[n-°p-∂-Xn\p i‡n-bp-

≈Xpw e£yw ]ng-bv°m-ØXpw hna-e-sb∂ t]cn-

e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amb th¬ `hm≥ kzoI-cn-®m-epw.

I¿W≥ : th≠.... sImSp-Ø-Xns‚ t]cn¬ Rms\m∂pw

Xs∂ ]Icw hmßp-∂-X-√....

tZh-Zq-X≥ :_m“-W-\mb Fs‚ hm°p-I-f-\p-k-cn-°p-∂-h-\m-

bn´p `hm-\nXp kzoI-cn-°p-I....

I¿W≥ : _m“-W-hm-Iy-a-\p-k-cn-®n-s -t∂m...!? C√... _m“-

W-h-N-\sØ Rm≥ apsºm-cn-°epw [n°-cn-°-bp-

≠m-bn-´n-√.... Ft∏m-gmWp thse-\n°p e`y-am-Ip-

I....?

40

tZh-Zq-X≥ :Ft∏m-gmWv `hm≥ kvacn-°p-∂Xv B \nan-j-Øn-

eXp `hms‚ ssIh-i-sa-Øn-t®-cpw....

I¿W≥ : Aß-s\-bm-I-s´.... Rm≥ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p....

Cubp-≈-h≥ A\p-Kr-lo-X-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.... hm≥

aS-ßn-s°m-≈p-I...

tZh-Zq-X≥ : Aßs\ Xs∂. (t]m-Ip-∂p)

I¿W≥ : iey-cm-P≥, cY-Øn¬ Ibdn C\n \Ωƒ bp≤-°-

f-Øn-te°p \oßp-∂p.

iey≥ : \n›-b-am-bpw.... (C-cp-hcpw cY-Øn¬ Ib-dp-∂-Xmbn

\Sn-°p-∂p)

I¿W≥ : tlbv.... h√m-sØmcp i_vZw tIƒ°p-∂p-h-t√m....

F¥m-Wn-Xv...?

]f-b-Im-e-k-ap-Z-Øns‚ Cc-º-en\p kam-\-amb

i_vZ-Øn¬ iwJ-[z\n apg-ßn-t°ƒ°p-∂p-h-t√m....!

AXp IrjvW-\n¬ \n∂p-amtWm AtXm A¿÷p-

\-\n¬ \n∂p-am-tWm....? bp≤-Øn¬ bp[n-jvTn-c-]-

cm-Pbw ImWp-∂-h\pw tIm]n-jvT-\p-amb ]m¿Y≥

]c-am-h[n Ign-hp-Iƒ ]I-Sn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n∂p bp≤w

sNøp-sa-∂-Xn¬ kwi-bn-t°-≠-Xn-√. (24)

iey-cm-Pm-th, A¿Pp-\-s\-hnsS ÿnXn sNøp-

∂pthm Ahn-tS-bvs°s‚ cYw \bn-°q....

41

iey≥ : A]-Imcw Xs∂...

(`-c-X-hm-Iyw)

cmPy-sØ√mw kºØp \nd-b-s´........ hn]-Øp-Iƒ

Ft∏mgpw \misØ ]m]n-°-s´....... cmP-Kp-W-߃

HØp-tN¿∂-h-\mb Htc-sbmcp NI-h¿Øn `qan-

]m-e\w \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-h-\m-I-s´. (25)

(C-cp-hcpw t]mIp-∂p)

*I¿W- m-c-\m-SIw kam]vXw

(ae-bm-f-hn-h¿Ø\w IS∏mSv :

tUm.-hn.-F-kv.- CS-bv°n-SØv)

42

∏…“&

®…Ω˛…EÚ ¥… ¶……∫… ¥…Æ˙ S…i…∆

EÚh…«¶……Æ˙®…¬

(x……xi™…xi…‰ i…i…& |… ¥…∂… i… ∫…⁄j…v……Æ˙&)

∫…⁄j…v……Æ˙ :-

x…Æ˙®…fiM…… i…¥…π¥……«±……‰EÚx…ß……xi…x……Æ˙“-

x…Æ˙n˘x…÷V…∫…⁄…¥…«µ……i………i……±…±……‰EÚ&*

EÚÆ˙V…E÷Ú ±…∂………±…“ ¶…z…nˢi™…‰xp˘¥…I……&

∫…÷Æ˙ Æ˙…÷§…±…Ω˛xi…… ∏…v…Æ˙…‰f∫i…÷ ∏…™…‰ ¥…&** 1**

B¥…®……™…« ®…∏……x…¬ ¥…Y………™…… ®…* (… Æ˙GÚ®™…, EÚh…» n˘i¥……) +™…‰ ÀEÚ x…÷ J…±…÷

®… ™… ¥…Y………x…¥™…O…‰ ∂…§n˘ <¥… ∏…⁄™…i…‰* +R¬ÛM…! …∂™…… ®…*

(x…‰…l™…‰)

®……‰ ®……‰! x…¥…‰ti……∆ x…¥…‰ti……∆ ®…Ω˛…Æ˙…V……™……R¬ÛM…‰∑…Æ˙…™…*

∫…⁄j…v……Æ˙&- ¶…¥…i…÷ ¥…Y……i…®…¬*

∫…∆O……®…‰ i…÷®…÷±…‰ V……i…‰ EÚh……«™… EÚ ±…i……\V… ±…&*

x…¥…‰n˘™… i… ∫…∆ß……i……‰ ¶…÷i™……‰ n÷˘™……Êv…x……Y…™……** 2**

( x…πGÚ…xi…&)

|…∫i……¥…x……

(i…i…& |… ¥…∂… i… ¶…]ı&)

43

Srih

KARNABHARAM OF BHASA

The Burden of Karna

(At the end of the stage-worship (Nandi) enter the stage-manager)

The stage-manager-

May Lord Vishnu (the bearer of Lakshmi), the destroyer of

the armies (might) of the demons (the enemies of Gods) be the

bestower of prosperity to you- the Lord, at the sight of whose man-

lion (Narasimha) form multitudes of men, women, gods, demons and

the residents of the underworld were frightened, and who tore the

chest of king of demons (Hiranyakasipu) with the edge of his sharp

(bolt-like) nails. 1

Thus do I (wish to) inform the honourable gentlemen. (Moving

about and listening) Ah! How is it that a noise is heard just when I am

about to make an announcement? Well, let me see.

(Behind the curtain)

Oh, please inform his majesty, the king of Angas (Karna)

The Sate-manager- Well, I have understood. As the battle is

raging fiercely, a frightened servant brings word with folded hands to

Karna at the bidding of Duryodhana. 2

[Exit]

(End of the ) PROLOGUE

(Enter a soldier)

44

¶…`ˆ& - ¶……‰ ¶……‰* x…¥…‰ti……∆ x…¥…‰ti……∆ ®…Ω˛…Æ˙…V……™……R¬ÛM…‰∑…Æ˙…™… ™…÷r˘EÚ…±… =…Œ∫l…i…

< i…*

EÚ Æ˙i…÷M…Æ˙l…∫™…Ë& ……l…«E‰Úi……‰& …÷Æ˙∫i……i…¬

®…÷n˘“i…x…fi… i…À∫…Ω˲& À∫…Ω˛x……n˘& EfiÚi……%t*

i¥… Æ˙i…®… Æ˙ x…x……nˢn÷«˘∫∫…Ω˲±……ÊEÚ¥…“Æ˙&

∫…®…Æ˙®… v…M…i……l…«& |…Œ∫l…i……‰ x……M…EËÚi…÷& ** 3**

(… Æ˙GÚ®™… +¥…±……‰EÚ™…) +™…‰ +™…®…R¬ÛM…Æ˙…V…& ∫…®…Æ˙… Æ˙SUÙn˘… Æ˙¥…fii…&

∂…±™…Æ˙…V…‰x… ∫…Ω˛ ∫¥…¶…¥…x……i…¬ x…πGÚ®™…‰i… B¥…… ¶…¥…i…«i…‰* ¶……‰&! EÚ x…÷ J…±…÷

™…√÷r˘…‰i∫…¥…|…®…÷J…∫™… o˘π]ı…Æ˙…GÚ®…∫™……¶…⁄i……⁄¥……Ê æ˛n˘™…… Æ˙i………&* Bπ… Ω˛

+i™…÷O…n˘“ ∫… ¥…∂…n˘& ∫…®…Ɖ%O…M…h™…&

∂……Ë™…Ê S… ∫…∆|… i… ∫…∂……‰EÚ®…÷…Ë i… v…“®……x…¬*

|……∫…‰ x…n˘…P…∫…®…™…‰ P…x…Æ˙… ∂…∞¸r˘&

∫…⁄™…«& ∫¥…¶……¥…Ø˚ S…®…… x…¥… ¶…… i… EÚh…«&** 4**

™……¥…n˘…∫………« ®…* ( x…πGÚ…xi…&)

(i…i…& |… ¥…∂… i… ™…l…… x…Ãn˘π]ı& EÚh…«& ∂…±™…∏¥…)

EÚh…«&-

®…… i……¥…x®…®… ∂…Æ˙®……M…«±…I…¶…⁄i……&

∫…∆|……∫……& I… i……i…™…& ∫…V…“¥…∂…‰π……&*

EÚi…«¥™…∆ Æ˙h… ∂…Æ˙ ∫… |…™…∆ E÷Ú∞¸h……∆

p˘π]ı¥™……‰ ™… n˘ ∫… ¶…¥…‰r˘x…\V…™……‰ ®…‰** 5**

45

Oh (men), please inform his majesty, the king of Angas that

the hour of battle has come.

Now the battle cry is raised in front of Arjuna’s banner by the

delighted lion-like (powerful) kings riding elephants, horses and

chariots, and the great hero Duryodhana (one with elephant as his

banner) has hurredly set out to the battle knowing what is on through

the intolerable yells of the enemies. 3

(Moving about and observing) Aye, here is Karna (king of

Angas) dressed in war-robes coming with king Salya in this very

direction having come out of his abode (tent). Oh, why is this

depression (agony) in the heart of one whose valour is well-known

and who is a prominent person in the festival of war? This man-

Karna the wise, brilliant with his most powerful personality

and foremost in war and in deeds of valour, now comes (to the battle

field) sadly, He (now) looks like the sun shining with his natural

brilliance in summer, obscured by masses of clouds. 4

Now I will move away. (Departs)

(Enter Karna and Salya as described)

Karna - Never had the kings who came (to the battle-field) and stood

as targets within the range of my arrows escaped with their

lives. If the Dhananjaya (Arjuna) meets me at the head of

the battle, I should do what is dear to the Kurus. 5

46

∂…±™…Æ˙…V…, ™…j……∫……¥…V…÷«Æ˙x…∫i…j…Ë¥… S……‰ti……∆®…®… Æ˙l…&*

∂…±™…& - §……f¯®…¬ (S……‰n˘™… i…)

EÚh…«& - +Ω˛…‰ x…÷ J…±…÷

+x™……‰x™…∂…∫j… ¥… x………i… x…EfiÚk…M……j…-

™……Ëv……∑…¥……Æ˙h…Æ˙l…‰π…÷ ®…Ω˛…Ω˛¥…‰π…÷*

G÷Úr˘…xi…EÚ|… i…¶… ¥…GÚ ®…h……‰ ®…®…… …

¥…Ëv…÷™…«®………i… i… S…‰i… ∫… ™…÷r˘EÚ…±…‰** 6**

¶……‰& EÚπ]ı®…¬*

…⁄¥…» E÷Úxi…™……∆ ∫…®…÷i…z…& Æ˙…v…‰™… < i… ¥…∏…÷i…&*

™…÷ v…Œπ`ˆÆ˙…n˘™…∫i…‰ ®…‰ ™… ¥…™……∆∫…∫i…÷ ……hb˜¥……&** 7**

+™…∆ ∫… EÚ…±…& GÚ®…±…§v…∂……‰¶…x…&

M…÷h…|…EÚπ……Ê n˘¥…∫……‰%™…®……M…i…&*

x…Æ˙l…«®…∫j…∆ S… ®…™…… Ω˛ ∂… I…i…∆

…÷x…∑… ¶……i…÷¥…«S…x…‰x… ¥…… Æ˙i…&** 8**

¶……‰& - ®…®……™…Œ∫i… EÚ…Ëi…⁄Ω˛±…®…‰x…∆ ¥…fik……xi…∆ ∏……‰i…÷®…¬*

∂…±™…& - i…i…∫i…i…&*

EÚh…«& - i…i…& -

¥…t÷±±…i……EÚ …±…i…÷R¬ÛM…V…]ı…EÚ±………∆

=ti|…¶……¥…±… ™…x…∆ …Æ˙∂…÷∆ n˘P……x…®…¬*

I…j……xi…E∆Ú ®…÷ x…¥…Æ∆˙ ¶…fiM…÷¥…∆∂…E‰Úi…÷∆

M…i¥…… |…h…®™… x…EÚ]‰ı x…¶…fii…& Œ∫l…i……‰%Œ∫®…** 9**

47

O king Salya, drive my chariot to the very place where

Arjuna is.

Salya - Very well (Drives)

Karna - Oh, what a wonder!

In this hour of war despair descends into the heart of even

me whose valour is equal to that of the angry God of Death

in great battles where the bodies of the soldiers, horses,

elephants and chariots are shattered (into peices) by the

clash of weapons hurled at each other. 6

Alas! Though born of Kunti in days of yore, I became known

as the son of Radha. Yudhishthira and other sons of Pandu

are (really) my younger brothers. 7

Here is that (eagerly awaited) auspicious time come in due

course and this day of days (of excellent merits) has also

arrived; but alas! the science of missiles learnt by me is of

no use and I am again restrained by my mother’s word. 8

O king Salya, please listen to the story of how I acquired

the (knowledge of) missiles.

Salya - I too have the curiosity to hear this story.

Karna - Long ago I went to Parasurama (the son of Jamadagni).

Salya - What happened then?

Karna - Having approached that excellent sage, the most prominent

in the family of Bhrgus and the destroyer of the warrior

class, the sage who weilded the famous axe encircled by a

halo of radiance arising from it and whose lofty mass of

matted hairs was twany like the streaks of lightning, I

saluted and humbly stood by his side. 9

48

∂…±™…& - i…i∫…i…i…&*

EÚh…« :- i…i……‰ V……®…n˘Mx…‰x… ®…®……∂…“¥…«S…x…∆ n˘i¥…… …fiπ]ı…‰%Œ∫®…* EÚ…‰ ¶…¥……x…¬!

EÚ®…l…« ®…Ω˛…M…i… < i…*

∂…±™… :- i…i…∫i…i…&*

EÚh…« :- i…i…& ¶…M…¥…x…¬ + J…±……x™…∫j……h™…÷… ∂… I…i…÷ ®…SUÙ… ®…i™…÷HÚ¥……x…Œ∫®…*

∂…±™… :- i…i…∫i…i…&*

EÚh…« :- i…i… =HÚ…‰%Ω∆ ¶…M…¥…i…… •……¿h…‰π…⁄…n‰∂…∆ EÚ Æ˙π™…… ®…, x… I… j…™……h…… ®… i…*

∂…±™… :- +Œ∫i… J…±…÷ ¶…M…¥…i…& I… j…™…¥…∆∂™…Ë& …⁄¥…«¥…ËÆ˙®…¬* i…i…∫i…i…&*

EÚh…« :- i…i……‰ x……Ω∆˛ I… j…™… <i™…∫j……‰…n‰˘∂…∆ O…Ω˛“i…÷®……Æ˙§v…∆ ®…™……*

∂…±™… :- i…i…∫i…i…&-

EÚh…« :- i…i…& EÚ i……™…EÚ…±…… i…GÚ®…‰ EÚn˘… S…i…¬ °Ú±…®…⁄±…∫… ®…iE÷Ú∂…E÷Ú∫…÷®……Ω˛Æ˙h……™… ¶…M…¥…i……

M…÷Ø˚h…… ∫…Ω˛…x…⁄M…i……‰%Œ∫®…*

∂…±™… :- i…i…∫i…i…&*

EÚh…« :- i…i…& ∫… M…÷Ø˚¥…«x…ß…®…h…… Æ˙∏…®……x®…n˘CE‰Ú x…p˘…¥…∂…®…÷…M…i…&

∂…±™… :- i…i…∫i…i…&*

EÚh…« :- i…i…&

EfiÚk…‰ ¥…X…®…÷J…‰x… x……®… EfiÚ ®…h…… nˢ¥……x®…®……‰Ø˚u˘™…‰

x…p˘…Sv…‰n˘ ¶…™……n˘∫…¡i… M…÷Æ˙…‰& v…Ë™……«k…n˘… ¥…‰n˘x……*

=il……™… I…i…V……±…÷i…& ∫… ∫…Ω˛∫…… Æ˙…‰π……x…±……‰u˘“ …i……‰

¥…÷P¥…… ®……∆ S… ∂…∂……… EÚ…±… ¥…°Ú±……x™…L…… h… i…‰ ∫…Œxi…i¥… i…** 10**

49

Salya - And then?

Karna - Then I was asked by the son of Jamadagni after blessing

me- Who are you? Why have you come here?

Salya - Then?

Karna - Then I said- Reversed sir, I wish to learn the use of all

missiles.

Salya - Then?

Karna - Then I was told by the great sage- “I impart instruction to

Brahmins only and not to Kshatriyas”.

Salya - Indeed, the great sage has previous enmity against the

warrior class. What (happened) next?

Karna - Then I started receiving instructions in missiles saying that

I was not a Kshatriya.

Salya - What happened next?

Karna - Then that preceptor who was overcome with fatigue on

account of his wanderings in the forest, fell asleep (with

his head) on my lap.

Salya - What next?

Karna - Then, by ill-luck, as my both things were bored by a worm

called Vajramukha the pain was borne by me with fortitude

lest I should disturb the sleep of my preceptor. Drenched

with blood he got up and having found out (my real identity),

he suddenly got inflamed by the fire of fury and cursed me

saying- “May the missiles be useless in thy time of need”.

10

50

∂…±™… :- +Ω˛…‰ EÚπ]ı®… ¶… Ω˛i…∆ i…j… ¶…¥…i……*

EÚh…« :- …Æ˙“I……®…Ω‰˛ i……¥…n˘∫j…∫™… ¥…fik……xi…®…¬* (i…l…… EfiÚi¥……) Bi……x™…∫j…… h…

x…¥…‘™……«h…“¥… x…I™…i…‰* + … S…

<®…‰ Ω˛ nˢx™…‰x… x…®…“ ±…i…‰I…h……

®…÷Ω÷˛& ∫J…±…xi……‰ ¥…¥…∂……∫i…÷Æ˙R¬ÛM…®……&*

M…V……∑… ∫…i…SUÙn˘n˘…x…M…Œxv…x…&

x…¥…‰n˘™…Œxi…¥… Æ˙h…‰ x…¥…i…«x…®…¬**11**

∂…§n˘n÷˘xn÷˘¶…™…∑… x…∂∂…§n˘…&*

∂…±™… :- ¶……‰& EÚπ]ı®…¬, ÀEÚ x…÷ J…Œ±¥…n˘®…¬*

EÚh…« :- ∂…±™…Æ˙…V…, +±…®…±…∆ ¥…π……n‰x…*

<i……‰% … ±…¶…i…‰ ∫¥…M…» V…i¥…… i…÷ ±…¶…i…‰ ™…∂…&*

=¶…‰ §…Ω÷˛®…i…‰ ±……‰E‰Ú x……Œ∫i… x…π°Ú±…i…… Æ˙h…‰** 12**

+ … S…

<®…‰ Ω˛ ™…÷r‰˘π¥… x…¥…Ãi…i……∂……&

Ω˛™……& ∫…÷…h…Êx… ∫…®……x…¥…‰M……&*

∏…“®…i∫…÷ EÚ…®§……‰V…E÷Ú±…‰π…÷ V……i……&

Æ˙I…xi…÷ ®……∆ ™…t … Æ˙ I…i…¥™…™…®…¬** 13**

+I…™……‰%∫i…÷ M……‰•……¿h……x……®…¬* +I…™……‰%∫i…÷ … i…µ…i……x……®…¬* +I…™……‰%∫i…÷

Æ˙h…‰π¥……Æ˙…R¬Û®…÷J……x……∆ ™……ËP……÷Ø˚π……h……®…¬* +I…™……‰%∫i…÷ ®…®… |……i…EÚ…±…∫™…* Bπ… ¶……‰&

|…∫…z……‰%Œ∫®…*

51

Salya - Oh, a dreadful thing (course) was pronounced by the great

sage.

Karna - Let us test (the correctness of) the story of the missiles.

(Having done so) These weapons seem to have lost their

power. Moreover-

These horses as well as the elephants whose rut smell like

the flowers of Saptaparna, have becomes helpless with their

eyes closed in misery and stumbling frequently they seem

to forebode retreat in battle. 11

The conches and kettle-drums too are noiseless (are

hushed)

Salya - Oh frightful indeed! What does this mean?

Karna - Oh king Salya, don’t be dismayed.

If slain, one goes to heaven; if victorious one gains glory.

Bothe are held in esteem in the world. Fighting is never

fruitless. 12

May these steeds swift as Garuda and born of the splendid

Kamboja stock, whose enthusiasm to fight has not yet died

out (or who have never failed my hope in battles), protect

me if I ever come in need of protection.

May prosperity attend the cows and Brahmins, Let faithful wives

be happy; good luck to warriors who do not turn their face in

battle; good luck to me whose time (opportune moment) has come.

Well, I feel relieved. 13

52

∫…®…Æ˙®…÷J…®…∫…¡∆ ……hb˜¥……x……∆ |… ¥…∂™…

|… l…i…M…÷h…M…h……f¯¨∆ v…®…«Æ˙…V…∆ S… §…n¬˘P¥……*

®…®… ∂…Æ˙¥…Æ˙¥…‰M…ËÆ˙V…÷«x…∆ ……i… ™…i¥……

¥…x… ®…¥… Ω˛i…À∫…Ω∆˛ ∫…÷|…¥…‰∂…∆ EÚÆ˙…‰ ®…** 14**

∂…±™…Æ˙…V… ! ™……¥…p˘l…®……Æ˙…‰Ω˛…¥…&

∂…±™… :- §……f¯®…¬ * (=¶……Ë Æ˙l……Æ˙…‰Ω˛h…¬ x……]ı™…i…&)

EÚh…« :- ∂…±™…Æ˙…V…! ™…j…∫……¥…V…÷«x…& i…j…Ë¥… S……‰ti……∆ ®…®… Æ˙l…&*

(x…‰…∂™…‰)

¶……‰ EÚh…«! ®…Ω˛k…Æ˙…∆ ¶…I……∆ ™……S…‰ (¶……‰ EÚhh…! ®…Ω˛k…Æ∆ ¶…CJ…∆ ™……S…‰ ®…*)

EÚh…« :- (+…EÚh™…«& +™…‰ ¥…“™…«®……x…¬ ∂…§n˘&*

∏…“®……x…‰π… x… E‰Ú¥…±…∆ u˘V…¥…Æ˙…‰ ™…∫®……i|…¶……¥……‰ ®…Ω˛…x…¬

+…EÚh™…« ∫¥…Æ˙®…∫™… v…“Æ˙ x…x…n∆˘ S…j……Ã…i……R¬ÛM…… <¥…*

+i…EÚh…«Œ∫i… ®…i……\S…i……I…¥… ±…i…O…“¥……Ã…O……x…x……&

i…π`ˆxi™…∫¥…¥…∂……R¬ÛM…™…Œπ]ı ∫…Ω˛∫…… ™……xi……‰ ®…®…Ëi…‰ Ω˛™……&** 15**

+…º¥…˜™…i……∆ ∫… ¥…|…&* x… x…* +Ω˛®…‰¥……º¥…™…… ®…* ¶…M…¥…x…¬ <i… <i…&

(i…i…& |… ¥…∂… i… •……¿h…∞¸…‰h… ∂…GÚ&)

∂…GÚ :- ¶……‰ ¶…‰P……&! ∫…⁄™…Êh…Ë¥… x…¥…i™…« M…SUÙxi…÷ ¶…¥…xi…&* (EÚh…«®…÷…M…®™…) ¶……‰&

EÚh…«! ®…Ω˛k…Æ˙…∆ ¶…I……∆ ™……S…Ë* (¶……‰ EÚhh…! ®…Ωk…Æ∆˙ ¶…CJ…∆ ™……S…‰ ®…)

53

Breaking through the formidable ranks of the sons of pandu

in the battle, I will capture Dharmaraja adorned with many

well-known virtues and overthrowing Arjuna with my

excellent arrows, I will make the battle field easy to

penetrate as into a wood where the lions have been slain,

14

King Salya, let us mount the chariot.

Salya - Very well. (Both gesticulate mountaining the chariot).

Karna - King Salya, let my chariot be driven to the very place where

Arjuna may be.

(Behind the curtain)

O Karna, I beg for a mighty favour

Karna - (Listening) Aye, what a bold voice?

This is a properous (wealthy) man and not a mere good

brahmin since his majesty is great. Hearing his deep-

sounding voice, these galloping horses of mine stop

suddenly, and having lost control of their flexible body,

stand as if painted in a picture with their ears errect, their

gaze turned and fixed and the front part of their face resting

on their arched neck.

Call that brahmin. No. no, I myself will call him. Revered

Sir, hither, please.

(Enter Indra disguised as a Brahmin)

Indra - Oh clouds, turn back and go with the sun.

(Approaching Karna) O Karna, I beg for a mighty favour.

54

EÚh…« :- o˘f∆¯ |…“i……‰%Œ∫®…, ¶…M…¥…x…¬!

™……i…& EfiÚi……l…«M…h…x……®…Ω˛®…t ±……‰E‰Ú

Æ˙…V…‰xp˘®……Ë ±…®… h…Æ˙…ŒSV…i………n˘…t&*

¥…|…‰xp˘……n˘Æ˙V…∫…… i…÷ … ¥…j…®……Ë ±…&

EÚh……« ¶…¥…xi…®…Ω˛®…‰π… x…®…∫EÚÆ˙…‰ ®…** 16**

∂…GÚ :- (+…i®…M…i…®…¬) ÀEÚ x…÷ J…±…÷ ®…™…… ¥…HÚ¥™…®…¬, ™… n˘ n˘“P……«™…÷¶…«¥…‰ i… ¥…I™…‰

n˘“P……«™…÷¶…« ¥…π™… i…* ™… n˘ x… ¥…I™…‰ ®…⁄f¯ < i… ®……∆ … Æ˙¶…¥… i…* i…∫®……n÷˘¶…™…∆

… Æ˙æ˛i™… ÀEÚ x…÷ J…±…÷ ¥…I™…… ®…? ¶…¥…i…÷ o˘π]ı®…¬* (|…EÚ…∂…®…¬) ¶……‰&

EÚh…«! ∫…⁄™…« <¥…, S…xp˘ <¥…, Ω˛®…¥…… x…¥…, ∫……M…Æ˙ <¥… i…π`ˆi…÷ i…‰ ™…∂…&*

(¶……‰ EÚhh…! ∫…÷™™…‰ ¥…+, S…xp‰ ¥…+, Ω˛®…¥…xi…‰ ¥…+, ∫……M…≥‰ ¥…+

S…]¬ı`ˆn÷˘ n‰˘ V…∫……‰)

EÚh…« :- ¶…M…¥…x…¬! ÀEÚ x… ¥…HÚ¥™…∆ n˘“P……«™…÷¶…«¥…‰ i…* +l…¥…… Bi…n‰˘¥… ∂……‰¶…x…®…¬*

E÷Úi…&

v…®……Ê Ω˛ ™…ix…Ë& …÷Ø˚π…‰h… ∫……v™…&

¶…÷V…R¬ÛM… V…º¥……S……±…… x…fi… I…i…&*

i…∫®……i|…V…………±…x…®……j…¥…÷v™……

Ω˛i…‰π…÷ n‰˘Ω‰˛π…÷ M…÷h…… v…Æ˙xi…‰**1 7**

¶…M…¥…x…¬, EÚ ®…SUÙ ∫…* EÚ®…Ω∆˛ n˘n˘… ®…*

∂…GÚ :- ®…Ω˛k…Æ˙…∆ ¶…I……∆ ™……S…‰* (®…Ω˛k…Æ∆˙ ¶…CJ…∆ ™……S…‰ ®…*)

EÚh…« :- ®…Ω˛k…Æ˙…∆ ¶…I……∆ ¶…¥…i…‰ |…n˘…∫™…‰* ∏…⁄™…i……∆ ®… u˘¶…¥……&*

55

Karna - I am highly pleased, reversed sir.

To-day, in this world, I have obtained a place (I am counted

as one) among those who fulfilled their life’s purpose. I

Karna, whose lotus-feet are illumined by the crest-jewels

of mighty monarchs but whose head is purified by the dust

from the feet of holy brahmins, now salute you. 16

Indra - (to himself) Now what shall I say to him? If I say ‘you live

long’ he will live long. If I do not say, he will condemn me

as a fool. So, avoiding both, what shall I say? Well, I have

found out (what I should say). (Aloud) O Karna, may your

fame last (long) like the sun, the moon, the Himalayas, and

the ocean.

Karna - Revered Sir, why should you not say “you live long”? Or,

this alone is good.

For-

Virtue alone is to be acquired by man with effort. Royal

fortunes are fickle like a serpant’s tongue. Therefore, for

those who fix their thoughts (concentrate) on the protection

of their subjects, when their bodies are slain, the virtues

survive. 17

Revered Sir, what do you wish for? What shall I give?

Indra - I beg for a mighty favour.

Karna - I will grant you a mighty favour. Please listen to the wealth

I possess.

56

M…÷h…¥…n˘®…fii…EÚ±…I…“Æ˙v……Æ˙… ¶…¥…Ãπ…

u˘V…¥…Æ˙! Ø˚ S…i…∆ i…‰ i…i…¥…i∫……x…÷™……j…®…¬*

i…Ø˚h…®… v…EÚ®…Ãl…|……l…«x…“™…∆ … ¥…j…∆

¥… Ω˛i…EÚx…EÚ∏…fiR¬ÛM…∆ M……‰∫…Ω˛ª…∆ n˘n˘… ®…** 18**

∂…GÚ :- M……‰®…Ω˛ª… ®… i…* ®…÷Ω⁄˛i…«E∆Ú I…“Æ∆˙ …§…… ®…* x…‰SUÙ… ®… EÚh…«! x…‰SUÙ… ®…!

(M……‰∫…Ω˛∫∫…∆ i…π… ®…÷Ω⁄˛i…«+∆ J…ÆÂ˙ …§…… ®… h…‰SUÙ… ®… EÚhh…! x…‰SUÙ… ®…*)

EÚh…« :- ÀEÚ x…‰SUÙ i… ¶…¥……x…¬* <n˘®… …∏…⁄™…i……®…¬*

Æ˙ ¥…i…÷Æ˙M…∫…®……x…∆ ∫……v…x…∆ Æ˙…V…±…I®™……&

∫…EÚ±…x…fi… i…®……x™…∆ ®……x™…EÚ…®§……‰V…V……i…®…¬*

∫…÷M…÷h…®… x…±…¥…‰M…∆ ™…÷r˘q˘π]ı……n˘…x…∆

∫…… n˘ §…Ω÷˛∫…Ω˛ª…∆ ¥…… V…x……∆ i…‰ n˘n˘… ®…** 12**

∂…GÚ :- +∑… < i…* ®…÷Ω⁄i…«EÚ®……Æ˙…‰Ω˛… ®…* x…‰SUÙ… ®… EÚh…«! x…‰SUÙ… ®… (+∫j… i…*

®…÷Ω⁄k…+∆ +…E÷ÚΩ˛… ®…* h…‰SUÙ… ®… EÚhh…! h…‰SUÙ… ®…*)

EÚh…« :- ÀEÚ x…‰SUÙ i… ¶…¥……x…¬? +x™…n˘ … ∏…⁄™…i……®…¬*

®…n˘∫… Æ˙i…EÚ……‰±…∆ …]¬ı…nˢ& ∫…‰¥™…®……x…∆

M… Æ˙¥…Æ˙ x…S…™……®…∆ ®…‰P…M…®¶…“Æ˙P……‰π…®…¬*

∫…i…x…J…n˘∂…x……x……∆ ¥……Æ˙h……x……®…x…‰E∆Ú

Æ˙…÷∫…®…Æ˙ ¥…®…n» ¥…fixn˘®…‰i…<n˘… ®…** 20**

∂…GÚ :- M…V… < i…* ®…÷Ω⁄˛i…«EÚ®……Æ˙…‰Ω˛… ®…* x…‰SUÙ… ®… EÚh…«! x…‰SUÙ… ®…* (M…+ k…*

®…÷Ω÷i… +∆ +…≥÷Ω˛… ®…* h…‰SUÙ… ®… EÚhh…! h…‰SUÙ… ®…)

57

I will give you if it pleases you, O best of brahmins, thousand

auspicious young cows, their horns tipped with (pouring

out) streams of excellent nectar-like milk and (hence)

much coveted by supplicants. 18

Indra - A thousand cows I may drink milk of a short while. I don’t

want them, Karna.

Karna - You don’t wish to have them? Then please hear this-

I will straight away give you thousands of excellent horses

of Kamboja stock, horses that are esteemed by all kings,

swift as the wind, equal to the horses of the sun, a means to

obtain royal fortune and the excellent work (quality) of

which is revealed in the battle field. 19

Indra - Horses! I may ride them for a short while. No, I don’t want

them, Karna.

Karna - What? You don’t want them? Then please listen to another

offer.

I give you this countless herd of elephants with rutflowing

down their temples, (and hence) resorted to by the bees,

resembling a range of lofty mountains, their roar deep like

that of the clouds, whose nails and tusks are white and which

are capable of crushing the enemies (or withstanding the

attack of the enemies) in battle. 20

Indra - You say elephants! I may ride them for a short while. No, I

don’t wish to have them, Karna.

58

EÚh…« :- ÀEÚ x…‰SUÙ i… ¶…¥……x…¬* +x™…n˘ … ∏…⁄™…i……∆* +…™……«∫…∆ EÚx…E∆Ú n˘n˘… ®…*

∂…GÚ :- M…fiΩ˛“i¥…… M…SUÙ… ®… ( EÚŒ\S…n˘i¥……) x…‰SUÙ… ®… EÚh…«! x…‰SUÙ… ®…* (M… r˘

+ M…SUÙ… ®…* h…‰SUÙ… ®… EÚhh…! h…‰SUÙ… ®…*

EÚh…« :- i…‰x… Ω˛ V…i¥…… …fi l…¥…” n˘n˘… ®…*

∂…GÚ :- …fi l…¥™…… ÀEÚ EÚ Æ˙π™…… ®…? (…÷Ω÷˛¥…“B EÚ EÚ Æ˙∫∫…®…¬?)

EÚh…« :- i…‰x… +ŒMx…π]ı…‰°Ú±…®…∆ n˘n˘… ®…*

∂…GÚ :- +ŒMx…π]ı…‰®…°Ú±…‰x… ÀEÚ EÚ…™…«®…¬? (+ŒMx…`¬ˆ`ˆ…‰®…°Ú≥‰˝h… ÀEÚ EÚ∫™…®…¬*

EÚh…« :- i…‰x… Ω˛ ®…ŒSUÙÆ˙…‰ n˘n˘… ®…*

∂…GÚ :- + ¥…Ω˛… + ¥…Ω˛…!

EÚh…« :- x… ¶…‰i…¥™…∆ x… ¶…‰i…¥™…®…¬* |…∫…“n˘i…÷ ¶…¥…x…¬* +x™…n˘ … ∏…⁄™…i……®…¬*

+∆R¬ÛM…Ë& ∫…Ω˲¥… V… x…i…∆ ®…®… n‰˘Ω˛Æ˙I……

n‰˘¥……∫…÷ÆË˙Æ˙ … x… ¶…‰t ®…n∆˘ ∫…Ω˛…L…Ë&

n‰˘™…∆ i…l…… … EÚ¥…S…∆ ∫…Ω˛ E÷Úhi…b˜±……¶™……∆

|…“i™…… ®…™…… ¶…M…¥…i…‰ Ø˚ S…i…∆ ™… n˘∫™……i…¬** 12**

∂…GÚ :- (∫…Ω˛π…») n˘n˘…i…÷ n˘n˘…i…÷* (n‰˘n÷˘ n‰˘n÷˘*)

EÚh…« :- (+…i®…M…i…®…¬) Bπ… B¥……∫™… EÚ…®…& ÀEÚ x…÷ J…±…÷ +x…‰EÚEÚ…]ı¥…÷r‰˘&

EfiÚπh…∫™……‰……™…&? ∫……‰% … ¶…¥…i…÷* v…E¬Ú, +™…÷HÚ®…x…÷∂……‰ S…i…÷®…¬* x……Œ∫i…

∫…∆∂…™…&* (|…EÚ…∂…®…¬) M…fi¡i……®…¬*

∂…±™… :- +R¬ÛM…Æ˙…V…, x… n˘…i…¥™…∆ x… n˘…i…¥™…®…¬*

EÚh…« :- ∂…±™…Æ˙…V…! +±…®…±…∆ ¥……Æ˙ ™…i…÷®…¬* …∂™…

59

Karna - You don’t like to have them? Then listen to another offer. I

will give you countless gold.

Indra - I will take it and go (moving a little) No, I don’t want it,

Karna.

Karna - In that case I will conquer the earth and give it to you.

Indra - What shall I do with the earth?

Karna - Then I will give you the fruit of Agnishtoma sacrifice.

Indra - What am I to do with the fruit of Agnishtoma sacrifice?

Karna - Then I will give my head.

Indra - Oh God forbid

Karna - Don’t fear, don’t fear forgive me, revered sir, and listen to

this another offer-

This my armour, though born with my limbs and cannot be

pierced even by the Gods and demons with their missiles,

can be gladly given by me to you along with my ear-rings,

if it may pleas you. 21

Indra - (with joy) Give it, give it.

Karna - (to himself) This indeed is what he wants. Could this he a

trick of Krishna who is an adept in manifold frauds? Let is

be so. Fie, it is not proper to repent. There is no doubt.

(Aloud) Take them.

Salya - O king of Angas, don’t give, don’t give.

Karna - King Salya, don’t prevent me, Look here-

60

∂…I…… I…™…∆ M…SUÙ i… EÚ…±……™…«™……i…¬

∫…÷§…r˘®…⁄±…… x……i…Œxi… ……n˘……&*

V…±…∆ V…±…∫l……x…M…i…∆ S… ∂…÷π™… i…** 11**

i…∫®……i…¬ M…fi¡i……®…¬* ( x…EfiÚi™… n˘n˘… i…)

∂…GÚ :- M…fiΩ˛“i¥…… (+…i®…M…i…®…¬) Ω˛xi… M…fiΩ˛“i…‰ Bx…‰* …⁄¥…«®…‰¥……V…÷«x… ¥…V…™……l…»

∫ … ¥ … « n ‰ ˘ ¥ … Ë ™ … « i ∫ … ® … Ã l … i … ∆ i … n ˘ n ˘ … x … ” ® … ™ … … x … ÷ π` ˆ i … ® … ¬ *

i…∫®……n˘Ω˛®…™…ËÆ˙…¥…i…®……Ø˚t…V…÷«x…EÚh…«™……‰* u˘xu˘™…÷r∆ …∂™…… ®…* ( x…πGÚ…xi…&)

∂…±™… :- ¶……‰ +R¬ÛM…Æ˙…V…! ¥…Œ\S…i…* J…±…÷ ¶…¥……x…¬*

EÚh…« :- E‰Úx…?

∂…±™… :- ∂…G‰Úh…*

EÚh…« :- x… J…±…÷* ∂…GÚ& J…±…÷ ®…™…… ¥…Œ\S…i…& E÷Úi…&,

+x…‰EÚ™…Y……Ω÷˛ i…i…Ã…i……‰ u˘V…Ë&

EÚÆ˙“ ]ı®……x…¬ n˘…x…¥…∫…∆P…®…n«˘x…&*

∫…÷Æ˙ u˘……∫°Ú…±…x…EÚE«Ú∂……R¬ÛM…÷ ±…&

®…™…… EfiÚi……l…«& J…±…÷ ……EÚ∂……∫…x…&** 13**

(|… ¥…∂™… •……¿h…∞¸…‰h…)

n‰˘¥…n⁄˘i… :- ¶……‰: EÚh…«! EÚ¥…S…E÷Úhb˜±…O…Ω˛h……i…¬ V… x…i……∑……i………‰x… …÷Æ∆n˘Æ‰h……x…÷M…fiΩ˛“i……‰% ®…*

……hb˜¥…‰π…÷ BEÚ…÷Ø˚π…¥…v……l…«®…®……‰P…®…J…∆ ¥…®…±…… x……®… ∂… HÚ Æ˙™…∆

|… i…M…fiºh…i……®…¬*

EÚh…« :- P…M…¬, n˘i…∫™… x… |… i…M…fiºh…… ®…*

n‰˘¥…n⁄˘i… :- x…x…÷ •……¿h…¥…S…x……n¬˘ M…fi¡i……®…¬*

61

Learning comes to nought by (mere) lapse of time. Firmly

rooted trees fall down, water in the reservoirs gets dried

up; but gifts and sacrifices last for ever. 22

So take them. (cuts off and gives)

Indra - (having received. to himself) Ha, I have taken these. Now I

have done what was formerly decreed by all the gods for

the victory of Arjuna. So I shall mount my elephant Airavata

and witness of duel between Arjuna and Karna. (Exit)

Salya - O King of Angas, you have been duped.

Karna - By whom?

Salya - By Indra.

Karna - Certainly not; on the other hand I have deceived Indra.

Indra who is propitiated by the twice-born by numerous

sacrificial offerings, a friend of Arjuna, the destroyer of

hosts of demons, whose fingers are rough (hard) by patting

the celestial elephant (Airavata), that Indra was indeed

satisfied (made a begger to be satisfied) by me. 23

(Entering in the guise of a Brahmin)

Indra’s messenger- O Karna, you have been favoured by Indra who

regrets the taking away of your armour and ear-rings. So

please accept this, an unfalling weapon, a spear called

Vimala to kill one among the sons of Pandu.

Karna - fie, I do not accept anything in return to what I have given.

Indra’s messenger - Please take it since a Brahmin bids you (to

do so)

62

EÚh…« :- •……¿h…¥…S…x… ®… i…* x… ®…™…… i…GÚ…xi……⁄¥…«®…¬* EÚn˘… EÚ®…‰™…*

n‰˘¥…n⁄˘i… :- ™…n˘… ∫®…Æ˙ ∫… i…n˘… ±…¶…®¥…*

EÚh…« :- ¥……f¯®…¬* +x…÷M…fiΩ˛“i……‰%Œ∫®…* |… i… x…¥…i…«i……∆ ¶…¥……x…¬*

n‰˘¥…n⁄˘i… :- ¥……f¯®…¬* ( x…πGÚ…xi…&)

EÚh…« :- ∂…±™…Æ˙…V…! ™……¥…p˘l…®……Æ˙…‰Ω˛…¥…&

∂…±™… :- §……f¯®… (Æ˙l……Æ˙…‰Ω˛h…∆ x……]ı™…i…&)

EÚh…« :- +™…‰ ∂…§n˘ <¥… ∏…⁄™…i…‰* ÀEÚ x…÷ J… ∑…n˘®…¬*

∂…§n˘v¥… x…& |…±…™…∫……M…Æ˙P……‰π…i…÷±™…&

EfiÚπh…∫™… ¥…… x… i…÷ ¶…¥…‰i∫… i…÷ °Ú…±M…÷x…∫™…*

x…÷x…∆ ™…÷ v…Œπ`ˆÆ˙…Æ˙…V…™…EÚ…‰ …i……i®……

……l…«& EÚ Æ˙π™… i… ™…i……¥…±…®…t ™…÷r˘®…¬** 14**

∂…±™…Æ˙…V…! ™…j……∫……¥…V…÷«x…∫i…j…Ë¥… S……‰ti……∆ ®…®… Æ˙l…&*

∂…±™… :- §……f¯®…¬*

(¶…Æ˙i…¥……C™…®…¬)

∫…¥…«j… ∫…∆…n˘& ∫…xi…÷ x…∂™…xi…÷ ¥……n˘& ∫…n˘…*

Æ˙…V…… Æ˙…V…M…÷h……‰…‰i…… ¶…÷ ®…®…‰EÚ& |…∂……∫i…÷ x…&** 15**

( x…πGÚ…xi……Ë)

EÚh…«¶……Æ∆˙ ∫…®……i…®…¬

63

Karna - A Brahmin’s word! That I have never disregarded. Whenshall I get it?

Indra’s messenger- You will get it when you call it to your mind.

Karna - Well, I am favoured. May you please return.

Indra’s messenger- Well (exit)

Karna - King Salya, Let us mount the chariot.

Salya - Very well. (Both gesticulate mounting the chariot)

Karna - Ha, I hear some noise. What will it be?

The sound of the conch is equal to the roar of the ocean at

the time of deluge. Can it be that of Krishna? No, it is that

of Arjuna. Enraged by the defeat of Yudhishthira, surely

Arjuna will fight to-day with all his might. 24

King Salya, drive my car to the very place where Arjuna is.

Salya - Well.

(EPILOGUE)

Let there be prosperity every where and let calamities

disappear for ever. Let our king possessing kingly virtues

rule the earth alone (without a rival) 25

(Both exit)

The End

64

bqWn‰v IV

Intensive Study of Kumarasambhava

Canto V, Verses 30-86

kwkvIrX`mj-bnse apJy alm-Im-hy-߃ As©-Æ-am-Wv. cLp-hw-iw, Ipam-c-kw-`-hw, Incm-Xm¿÷p-\obw (`m-c-

hn), inip-]m-e-h[w (am-L≥), ss\j-[o-b-N-cnXw (io-

l¿j≥) F∂n-h-bm-Wv. Ch-bn¬ cLp-hw-ihpw Ipam-c-kw-`-hhpw Imfn-Zm-k-t‚-Xm-Wv. Ipam-c-kw-`hw hntizm-Ø-c-Im-hy-

am-Wv. inh-]p-cm-Ww, _“-]p-cm-Ww, Imfn-Im-]p-cmWw, kvIµ-

]p-cm-Ww, enwK-]p-cmWw XpS-ßnb KŸ-ß-fn¬ Bte-J\wsNø-s∏- n-cp∂ inh- -]m¿∆Xo]W-bIYsb ]p\-cm-hn-jvI-cn-

°p-I-bmWv "Ipam-c-kw- h'ØneqsS Imfn-Zm-k≥ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xmc-Im-kp-c≥ F∂ alm-am-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw PK-Øns\

kwc-£n-°pI F∂- \ntbm-KamWv IrXn-bpsS apJy-]-ta-bw.

t]aw X]- n-te°pw X] v t]a-Øn-te°pw ]cn-W-an-

°p-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS.

AkvXyp-Ø-c-kymw.... F∂m-cw-`n-°p∂ ]Y-a-t«m-I-

Øn¬ lnam-e-b-h¿Æ\ F∂ hkvXp-\n¿t±-i-amWv Imfn-Zm-

k≥ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Imfn-Zm-k-\p-tijw "lnam-ebw' hnj-b-am°n e£-°-W-°n\v kmln-Xy-N¿®-Iƒ \S-∂n- p-s≠-¶nepw

"am\-Zfix' F∂ Hscm-‰-∏Zw sIm≠v Imfn-Zm-k≥ Db¿Øn-

°m-´n-bXv lnam-e-bsØ amX-am-bn-cp-∂n-√, adn®v B¿j-`m-cX hn⁄m-\-ta-J-e-sb-°qSnbmbn-cp-∂p.

Ipam-c-kw-`hw A©mw k¿§-Ønse ap∏Xmw t«mIw

apX¬ F¨]Xmw t«mIw hscbmWv ChnsS ]T-\-hn-j-bw.

65

Ipam-c-kw- -hw˛ A©mw k¿§w

""A]-Imcw (k-Jn-I-fp-sSbpw a‰p-≈-h-cp-sSbpw) ka-£-

Øn¬ h®v at\m- -hs\ (Im-a-tZ-h-s\) Zln-∏n®v ]n\m-In-bm¬

(]n-\mIw F∂ hn√p [cn® lc-\m¬) at\m-cYw XI¿°-

s∏´ ]m¿∆-Xn, lrZbw sIm≠v (kz-¥w) cq]-ku-Ip-am-cysØ

\nµn-®p. ]nb-P-\-ß-fn¬ CjvS-ap-≠m-°pI F∂-Xm-Wt√m

kuµ-cy-Øns‚ ^e-am-sb-tÆ-≠Xv?'' Cu ]kvXm-h-tØm-sS-

bmWv A©mw k¿§w Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xv. alm-Im-hy-Ønse HuNn-

Xy-Zo£ ]tXyIw FSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠-Xp-X-s∂. kzku-µ-

cysØbpw t]a-`m-h-sØbpw Ah-K-Wn-°p-I-bmWv inh≥

sNøp-∂-Xv. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ "]n\mIn' F∂v inhs\

kwt_m-[\ sNøp-∂Xv it≤-bw. hn√p [cn-°p-∂Xv tbm≤m-

hm-Wv. iXp-cYw FbvXp XI¿°p-∂Xv bp≤-X-¥-am-Wv. ChnsS

]n\mIn XI¿°p-∂Xv ]m¿∆-Xn-bpsS at\m-c-Y-sØ-bm-Wv. Zln-

°p-∂-tXm, at\m- -h-\pw. Ima-tZ-h≥ F∂ ]Z-Øn\v ]I-c-ambn

Imfn-Zm-k≥ ]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ ]Z-am-Wn-Xv. a\- n¬ \n∂p-

≠m-Ip-∂Xv at\m- hw F∂¿∞w. inh≥ Nps -cn-®Xv ]m¿∆-

Xn-bp-sSbpw inh-s‚bpw a\- nse Ima-sØ-bmWv; cXnsb

A√. cXn ZKv≤-bm-Ip-∂n-√. "cq]-aZw' (cq-]-ku-Ip-am-cy-Øn-ep≈

AXn-cp-I-S∂ hnizm-kw) ]m¿∆-Xn°v C√m-sX-bm-hp-∂Xpw Cu

]›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-Wv.

X]- n\v Hcp-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ aIsf AΩ-bmb ta\ D]-

tZ-in-°p-∂Xv Cu k¿§-Øn-em-Wv. X]-s -hnsS? \ns‚ ico-c-

sa-hnsS? F∂mWv BIp-e-bmb B amXmhv tNmZn-°p-∂-Xv.

s\t∑-\n-hm-I-∏qhv `a-c-Øns‚ ImeSn amXta Xmßq. ]£n-

bp-tSXv Xmßn-√ F∂v ta\ ]d-bp-∂p. F∂n´pw Cu D]-tZiw

]m¿∆-Xnsb ]n¥n-cn-∏n-®n-√. ]nXm-hmb lna-hm-s‚bpw amXm-

66

hmb ta\-bp-sSbpw A\p-K-l-tØm-sS, ]n∂oSv "Kuco-in-Jcw'

F∂v ]i-kvX-amb ]¿∆-X-]-tZ-iØv X]- m-cw-`n-®p. X]- n-

\n-W-ßmØ ]m¿∆-Xo-icocw X]- n¬ F]-Imcw apgp-In-sb∂

hkvXp-X-bmWv Ihn i≤n-°p-∂-Xv.

km[m-cW X] v e£y-]m-]vXn°p ]cym-]vX-a-s√∂v

a\- n-em-°nb ]m¿∆-Xn, alm-X-] v A\p-jvTn-°p-hm-\m-cw- n-

®p. X]- ns‚ ]c-Im-jvT-bn¬ amap-\n-am¿ t]mepw kzoI-cn-

°p∂ ]¿Æ-`-£Ww t]mepw ]m¿∆Xn Dt]-£n-°p-∂p.

Aßs\ "A]¿Æ'sb∂v ]Io¿Øn-X-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

a‰p X]-kzn-Iƒ ]m¿∆-Xn-bpsS kwb-a-\-Øn\p ap∂n¬ Xptemw

Xp—-cm-bn-Øo¿∂p. Aß-s\-bn-cn-s°, Hcp \mƒ PSm-[m-cn-bmb

Hcp _“-Nmcn ]m¿∆-Xn-bpsS Xt]m-h-\-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cp-I-

bp-≠m-bn. k¬°m-c-k-¥p-jvS-\mb _“-Nmcn Dasb t\¿°p-

t\¿ t\m°n-s°m≠v kwkm-cn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn.

""Inbm¿∞-I-amb Na-Xbpw Z¿`bpw kpe- -ambn In´p-

∂nt√?'' F∂p XpSßn Gsd ]iw-k-cq-]-amb `mj-W-Øn-

s\m-Sp-hn¬ ""Bsc Iman-®mWv ]b-Xv\-km-[y-amb Cu X] v?''

F∂v _“-Nmcn Xpd∂p tNmZn-°p-∂p. Ipe-I-\y-Ibv°v DNn-

X-amb au\w ]m¿∆Xn `Pn-°p-∂p. tNmZy-Øn\v Da-bpsS kJn-

bmWv adp-]Sn ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ""]n\m-I-]m-Wn-sb ¿Øm-hmbn In´m-

\mWv ]m¿∆Xn X]- -\p-jvTn-°p-∂Xv.'' XpS¿∂v _“-Nmcn

inthm-]m-ew- -\-Øn¬ kzbw A`n-c-an-®p. inhs‚ ]mºn≥h-f-

b-a-Wn-™ Icw thfn-°m-∏-Wn™ Dam-Icw kv]¿in-°p-∂-

Xns‚ tN¿®-bn-√m-bva-bn¬ \n∂mWv FXn¿hm-Z-߃ Bcw- n-

°p-∂-Xv. inh\v FXn-cmbn _“-Nmcn \nc-Øp∂ hmZ-ß-sf√mw

Hc¿∞-Øn¬ inh-]-iw-k-I-fm-Wv. Da, _“-Nm-cn-bpsS

FXn¿hm-Z-ßsf bp‡n- -Z-amb `mjWw sIm≠v Xpc-Øn-hn-

67

Sp∂ NnXhpw Imfn-Zm-k≥ bp‡n-]q¿∆w Bte-J\w sNbvXn-

cn-°p-∂p. ""kJo, Chs\ hne-°-tW....'' F∂p-cp-hn-´p-sIm≠v

ap∂n¬ \n∂p t]mIphm-\m™ Da-bpsS ap∂n¬ _“-Nmcn

inh-\mbn cq]m-¥-c-s∏´v ]p©ncn sNmcn-bp-∂p. ""ssiem-[n-cm-

P-X-\bm \ bbu Xÿu'' (Ip-∂n¬ XS™ ]pg-t]mse

Ipgßn at[y \n∂n√ I∂¬an-gn-sbm´p \S-∂p-an-√) F∂-Xm-

bn-cp∂p ]m¿∆-Xn-bpsS At∏m-gsØ Ah-ÿ. X]- p-sIm≠v

\osbs∂ hne-bvs°-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂p F∂ Nµ-ti-J-c-hmIyw

hX-¢-a-a-Xbpw Zqco-I-cn-°p-∂p (Ip-am-c-kw-`hw 5˛mw k¿Kw,

t«mIw 30)-.

68

Ipam-c-kw- hw ˛ A©mw k¿Kw

(30 apX¬ 86 hsc t«mI߃)

AYm-Pn-\m-jm-V-[cx ]K-ev`-hm-Kv˛

Pze-∂nh _“-a-tb\ tXPkm;

hnthi I›n-÷-Sn-e-kvX-t]m-h\w

ico-c-_≤x ]Y-am-itam bYm

+l… + V…x……π……f¯v…Æ˙: |…M…±¶…¥……E¬Ú •…¿h™…‰x… i…‰V…i…… V¥…±…x…¬ <¥… EÚŒ∂S…i…¬ V… ]ı±…&

∂…Æ˙“Æ˙§…r˘&∂…Æ˙“Æ˙§…r˘& |…l…®……∏…®…& ™…l…… i………‰¥…x…∆ ¥…¥…‰∂…*

A\-¥cw am≥tXmepw ]em-in≥Zfipw [cn-®-h\pw ]K-ev -amb hmt°m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw _“-a-b-amb tXP- p-sIm≠v Pzen-°p-I-bmtWm F∂p tXm∂p-am-dp-≈-h-\p-amb GtXm Hcp PSm-[mcn icocw FSpØ _“-N-cym-iaw F∂-t]mse Xt]m-h-\-Øn¬ ]th-in®p

A\-¥cw amt¥m¬ DSpØv ]em-in≥Zfipw ]nSn®v_m“-tX-P psIm≠v Pzen-°p-∂pthm F∂p tXm∂p-am-dp-≈-h\pw ka¿Y-ambn mjWw \S-Øp-∂-h\pw PSm-[m-cnbpw BbHcp _“-Nm-cn, _“-N-cym-iaw Xs∂ icocw ]q≠p-h-∂-XmtWm F∂p tXm∂p-whn[w ]m¿∆-Xn-bpsS Xt]m-h-\-Øn¬]th-in-®p.

Xam-Xn-tYbo _lp-am-\-]q¿hbm

k]-cybm ]Xyp-Zn-bmb ]m¿hXo;

`h¥n kmtayf]n \nhn-jvS-tN-Xkmw

h]p¿hn-ti-tj-jz-Xn-Ku-chmx Inbmx

69

+… i…l…‰™…“ ……¥…« i… i…∆ §…Ω÷˛®……x……⁄¥…«™…… ∫……™…«™…… |…i™…÷ n˘™……l… ∫……®™…‰ x… ¥…π]ıS…‰i…∫……®…¬

+ … GÚ™……& ¥……÷Ã¥…∂…‰π…‰π…÷ + i…M……ËÆ˙¥……& ¶…¥…Œxi…*

BXn-tY-bn-bmb ]m¿hXn At±-lsØ _lp-am-\-]q¿∆-amb]qP-bm¬ sNs∂-Xn-tc‰p kmay-Øn¬ lrZ-b-ap-d-∏n-®-h-cp-tSbpwInb-Iƒ hnin-jvS-hy-‡n-I-fn¬ A[nIw Kuc-h-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xmbn `hn-°p∂p

BXn-tY-bn-bmb ]m¿hXn AhnsS h∂p-tN¿∂ _“-Nm-cnsb BZ-c-]q¿∆w ]qP sNbvXp kXvI-cn-®p. kam-\- m-h-Øn¬ ka-Nn-Ø-cm-b-h¿ t]mepw hnin-jvS-hy-‡n-I-fn¬ AXn-a-l-Ø-c-ß-fmb ]qPm-hn-[n-Iƒ sNøm-dp-≠v.

hn[n-]-bp‡mw ]cn-Krly kXvInbmw

]cn-iaw \ma hn\ob N £Wav;

Damw k ]iy-∂r-Pp-ss\h N£pjm

]N-Ita h‡p-a-\p-PvQn-X-Iax

+l… ∫…& ¥… v…|…™…÷HÚ…∆ ∫…ŒiGÚ™……∆ … Æ˙M…fiΩ˛… I…h…∆ … Æ˙∏…®…∆ S… ¥…x…“™… x……®… =®……®…¬

@ÒV…÷x…… B¥… S…I…÷π…… …∂™…x…¬ +x…÷V…¬ Z…i…GÚ®…& ¥…H÷∆Ú |…S…GÚ®…‰*

A\-¥cw At±lw hn[n-t]mse sNø-s∏´ kXvIn-bsb kzoI-

cn-®n v £W-t\cw bmXm-£o-Whpw am‰n-b-Xmbn mhn®v Dasbt\cmb IÆn-\m¬ t\m°n-s°m≠v Iaw Dt]-£n-°msX ]d-bp-hm≥ XpSßn

hn[n-]q¿∆-I-ambn sNbvX AXn-Yn-k-XvIm-cm-Zn-]q-PsbkzoI-cn-®n´v Aev]-t\cw sIm≠v bmXm-£o-Whpw Xo¿ØpF∂ \mSy-tØmsS `mh-lm-hm-Zn-I-fmb hnem-k-tN-jvS-IƒIqSm-sX-bp≈ IÆp-I-fm¬ ]m¿h-Xnsb t\m°n-s°m≠v B_“-Nmcn Ia-ambn ]d-bp-hm≥ XpS-ßn.

70

A]n Inbm¿Yw kpe`w kan-XvIpiw

Pem-\y]n kv\m\-hn-[n-£-amWn tX;

A]n kzi‡ym X]kn ]h¿Xtk

ico-c-amZyw Jep [¿a-km-[-\av

GÚ™……l…« ∫… ®…iE÷Ú∂…∆ ∫…÷±…¶…¬ + … V…±…… x… i…‰ ∫x……x… ¥… v…I…®…… h… + … ∫¥…∂…Ci™……

i…… ∫… |…¥…i…«∫…‰ + … ∂…Æ˙“Æ∆˙ J…±…÷ +Ƭ˙v…∆ v…®…«∫……v…x…®…¬*

Inb-bv°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Na-Xbpw Z¿`bpw kpe- -at√ Pew `h-Xn-bpsS kv\m\-hn-[n°p £a-at√ kz¥w i‡n-b-\p-k-cn-®m-Wt√m `hXn X]- -\p-jvTn-°p-∂Xv ico-c-am-Wt√m BZysØ[¿tam-]-I-cWw.

tlmam-Zn-Iƒ°p≈ Na-Xbpw Z¿`bpw th≠X In´p-∂pt≠m? ChnsS e`y-am-Ip∂ Pew \n¿a-ehpw kv\m\-In-bbv°v D]-bp-‡hpw At√? tZlsØ ]oUn-∏n-°msX kz¥wico-c-i-‡n-°-\p-k-cn-®p-X-s∂-bm-Wt√m X]- -\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xv.GXp [¿Ωm-\p-jvTm-\-Øn\pw ico-c-amtW H∂m-aXp th≠-Xv.

ico-cw, hm°v, _p≤n XpS-ßn-b-h-bm-emWv [¿aw km[y-am-t°-≠-Xv. CXn¬ ico-c-Øn-\mWv ]Y-a-ÿm-\hpw ]m[m-\yhpw D≈-Xv. [¿am¿Y-Im-a-tam-£-ß-fmb ]pcp-jm¿Y-߃km[n-°m\pw ico-c-amWv Ahiyw th≠-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v ico-c-ÿnXn ]cn-K-Wn-°msX ITn-\-amb X]- -\p-jvTn-®m¬ ^e-a-\p- -hn-°phm≥ Imc-W-amb icocw D≠m-hn-s√∂p kmcw.

A]n XzZm-h¿Pn-X-hm-cn-kw-`rXw

]hm-f-am-km-a-\p-_‘n hocp-[mav;

Nntcm-PvQn-Xm-e-‡-I-]m-S-te\ tX

Xpemw bZm-tcm-lXn Z¥-hm-kkm

71

i¥…n˘…¥…ÃV…i…¥…… Æ˙∫…∆¶…fii…®…¬ +…∫……∆ ¥…Ø˚v……∆ |…¥……±…®…¬ +x…÷§…Œxv… + … ™…i…¬

S…Æ˙…‰V…¬ Z…i……±…HÚEÚ……]ı±…‰x… i…‰ n˘xi…¥……∫…∫…… i…÷±……®…¬ +…Æ˙…‰Ω˛ i…*

`h-Xn-bm¬ Pew \evIn hf¿Ø-s∏´ Cu eX-I-fpsS XfncvapS-ßmsX D≠m-Ip-∂p-ht√m bmsXm∂v sNº-™n-®m-dp-t]-£n-®n´v Gsd-°m-e-am-b-Xn-\m¬ ]mS-e-amb `h-Xn-bpsS A[-c-tØmSv Xpey-Xsb ]m]n-°p∂p

`h-Xn-bm¬ sh≈w Hgn®p hf¿Ø-s∏´ eX-I-fn¬ Xfn-cp-IƒXpS¿®-bmbn D≠m-Ip-∂p-h-t√m. B Xfn-cv, Gsd \mfmbn sNº-™n-®m-dp-t]-£n-®-Xp-Im-cWw ]mS-e-am-bn-Øo¿∂ h-Xn-bpsS A[-tcm-jvT-ß-tfmSv Ct∏mƒ kam-\- mhw ssIh-cn-°p-∂p.

A]n ]k∂w lcn-tWjp tX a\x

Ic-ÿ-Z¿`-]-W-bm-]-lm-cnjp;

b DXv]-em£n ]N-sse¿hn-tem-N-ss\˛

kvXhm£n-km-Zr-iy-anh ]bp-RvPtX

EÚÆ˙∫l…n˘¶…«|…h…™………Ω˛… Æ˙π…÷ Ω˛ Æ˙h…‰π…÷ i…‰ ®…x…& |…∫…z…®…¬ + … (Ω‰) +i…±…… I… ™…‰ (Ω˛ Æ˙h……&)

|…S…±…‰& ¥…±……‰S…x…Ë& i…¥… + I…∫……o˘∂™…∆ |…™…÷\V…i…‰ <¥…*

Iøn-en-cn-°p∂ Z¿` ]W-b-Øm¬ A]-l-cn-°p∂ am\p-I-fn¬

`h-Xn-bpsS a\ v ]k-∂-at√ A√tbm DXv]-e-t\-tX, Ch¿

(am-\p-Iƒ) Nen-°p∂ hntem-N-\-ß-fm¬ `h-Xn-bpsS \b-\-

km-Zriyw ]tbm-Kn-°p-I-bmtWm F∂p tXm∂pw

A√tbm ]Zva-t\-tX, Iøn-en-cn-°p∂ Z¿` ]W-b-Øm¬

A]-l-cn-°p∂ km]-cm-[-cmb am\p-I-tfmSv hXn ]k-∂-bt√?

Cu am\p-Iƒ Ah-bpsS Nen-°p∂ IÆp-I-sf-s°m≠v `h-Xn-

bpsS IÆp-I-tfmSp kmZriyw \Sn-°p-I-bmtWm F∂p tXm∂pw.

72

bZp-NytX ]m¿hXn ]m]-hr-Øtb

\ cq]-an-Xy-hy- n-Nmcn XZzNx

XYm ln tX ioe-ap-Zm-c-Z¿it\

X]-kzn-\m-a-]yp-]-tZ-iXmw KXav

(Ω‰˛) ……¥…« i… ∞¸…∆ ………¥…fik…™…‰ x… < i… ™…i…¬ =S™…i…‰i…i…¬ ¥…S…& +¥™… ¶…S…… Æ˙ i…l…… Ω˛

(Ω‰˛) =n˘…Æ˙n˘∂…«x…‰ i…∆ ∂…“±…∆ i……Œ∫¥…x……®…¬ + … =…n‰˘∂…i……∆ M…i…®…¬*

A√tbm ]m¿∆Xn, cq]w ]m]-hr-Øn-°p-th-≠n-bp≈X√ F∂v

bmsXm-∂mtWm ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv B hN\w am‰-an-√m-Ø-XmWv.

F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ A√tbm DZm-c-Z¿it\ `h-Xn-bpsS ioew

X]-kzn-Iƒ°p-t]mepw D]-tZ-i-am-bn-Øo¿∂p

A√tbm ]m¿∆-Xn, kuµcyw ]m]m-N-c-W-Øn-\p-th-≠n-

bp-≈-X√ F∂ hN\w kXy-am-Wv. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬

A√tbm cq]-h-Xn, `h-Xn-bpsS tijvT-amb ]hr-Øn-Iƒ

X]kznIƒ°p-t]mepw D]-tZ-i-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

hnIo¿Æ-k-]vX¿jn-_-en-]-lm-kn-`n˛

kvXYm \ KmMvssKx ken-sse¿Zn-h-›ypssXx

bYm XzZo-ssb-›-cn-ssX-c-\m-hn-sse¿˛

alo-[cx ]mhnX Gj km\zbx

™…l…… +x…… ¥…±…Ë i¥…n˘“™…Ë& S… Æ˙i…Ë& Bπ… ®…Ω˛“v…Æ˙& ∫……x¥…™…& …… ¥…i…& i…l…… n˘¥…& S™…÷i…Ë&

¥…EÚ“h…«∫…i…Ãπ…§… ±…|…Ω˛… ∫… ¶…& M……R¬ÛM…Ë& ∫… ±…±…‰ x… (…… ¥…i…&)

F]-Im-c-amtWm ]cn-ip-≤-amb h-Xn-bpsS Ncn-X-ß-sf-s°m≠v

Cu ]¿hXw (ln-a-hm≥) hwi-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]hn-X-am-°-s∏-

´Xv A]-Imcw kz¿K-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]Xn® k]vX¿jn-I-fpsS

73

_en-h-kvXp-°ƒ NnX-dn-°n-S∂p tim`n-°p∂ KwKm-P-e-sØ-

s°m-≠p-t]mepw ]hnXam-°-s∏- n- n√

F]-Im-c-amtWm ]cn-ip-≤-amb h-Xn-bpsS kZm-NmcNcn-

X-ß-sf-s°m≠v hwi-]-c-º-c-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-Øs∂ lna-hm≥

Ct∏mƒ ]cn-]m-h-\-am-bn-Øo¿∂-Xv, A]-Imcw k]vX¿jn-I-

fpsS _en-Z-hy-߃ NnX-dn-°n-S∂p tim`n-°p∂ KwKm-P-e-sØ-

s°m≠pw ]hn-X-am-°-s∏- n´n-√.

At\\ [¿ax khn-ti-j-aZy ta

Xnh¿K-kmcx ]Xn- mXn `mhn\n;

Xzbm at\m-\n¿hn-j-bm¿Y-Im-abm

btZI Gh ]Xn-Krly tkhytX

(Ω‰˛) ¶…… ¥… x… +x…‰x… v…®…«& j…¥…M…«∫……Æ˙& ∫… ¥…∂…‰π…®…¬ (< i…) +t ®…‰ |… i…¶…… i… ™…i…¬

®…x……‰ x…Ã¥…π…™……l…«EÚ…®…™…… i¥…™…… (v…®…«&) BEÚ& B¥… |… i…M…fi¡ ∫…‰¥™…i…‰*

A√tbm `mhn\n CXn-\m¬ Xnh¿K-km-c-amb [¿a-amWv khn-

tijw F∂v C∂v F\n°p t_m[y-s∏-Sp∂p. F¥p-sIm-s≠-

∂m¬ A¿Y-Im-a-߃ a\- n\p hnj-b-am-Im-Ø `h-Xn-bm¬

[¿aw H∂p amXw kzoI-cn®v tkhn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-hs√m.

]i-kvX-amb A`n-]m-b-ap-≈-h-tf, Cu Imc-W-Øm¬

[¿am¿Y-Im-a-ß-fn¬ [¿aw amX-amWv tijvT-sa∂v F\n°v

t_m[y-am-bn. Fs¥-∂m¬ A¿Y-Im-a-ßsf a\- p-sIm≠p

]cn-Xy-Pn-®n- m-Wt√m `hXn [¿aw amXw Ah-ew-_-am-°n-bn-cn-

°p-∂-Xv.

74

]bp-‡-k-XvIm-c-hn-ti-j-am-fl\m

\ amw ]cw kw]-Xn-]-Øp-a¿lkn;

bXx kXmw k∂-X-KmXn kwKXw

a-\o-jn`nx km]vX-]-Zo-\-ap-NytX

+…i®…x…… |…™…÷HÚ∫…iEÚ…Æ˙ ¥…∂…‰π…∆ ®……∆ …Æ∆˙ ∫…∆|… i……k…÷∆ x… +Ω«˛ ∫… (Ω‰˛) ∫…z…i…M…… j… ™…i…&

®…x…“ π… ¶…& ∫…i……∆ ∫…R¬ÛM…i…∆ ∫……i……n˘“x…®…¬ (< i…) =S™…i…‰*

X∂m¬ khn-tijw kXvI-cn-°-s∏´ Fs∂ ]c-s\∂p Icp-Xp-hm≥ `hXn A¿l-b-√. A√tbm \XmwKn F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ a\o-jn-I-fm¬ k÷-\-kw-Kaw km]vX-]-Zo\w (k-Jyw)F∂p ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

A√tbm kpµ-co, `h-Xn-bm¬ khn-tijw kXvI-cn-°-s∏´ Fs∂ A\y-s\∂p Icp-Xp-∂Xv icn-b-√. Ggp hm°p-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw ssIam-dp-tºmtg°pw k÷-\-߃ XΩn¬kplr-Øp-°-fm-Im-dp-≠v F∂v hnZzm-∑m¿ ]d-bp-∂p. AXn-\m¬\man-cp-hcpw Ct∏mƒ anXw Xs∂.

AtXm X In©n-Zv -hXow _lp-£amw

ZznPm-Xn-`m-hm-Zp-]-]-∂-Nm-]ex

Abw P\x ]jvSp-a-\m-kvX-t]m-[t\

\ tNZ-lkyw ]Xn-h-‡p-a¿lkn

(Ω‰˛) i………‰v…x…‰ +i…& +j… §…Ω÷˛I…®……∆ ¶…¥…i…” u˘V…… i…¶……¥……i…¬ =……z…S………±…& +™…∆ V…x…&

EÚŒ\S…i…¬ |…π]÷ı®…x……& Æ˙Ω˛∫™…∆ x… S…‰i…¬ |… i…¥…H÷Ú®…¬ +Ω« ∫…*

A√tbm Xt]m-[-t\, AXp-sIm≠v C°m-cy-Øn¬ hfsc £a-bp≈ `h-Xn-tbmSv _m“-W- m-h-Øm¬ D≠mb Nm]-ey-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\mb Cu P\w (Rm≥) NneXp tNmZn-°p-hm≥ BK-

75

ln-°p-∂p. clkyw A√ F¶n¬ adp-]Sn ]d-bp-hm≥ `hXntbmKy-bm-Ip-∂p.

A√tbm Xt]m-[-t\, \ΩpsS kJyw tlXp-hmbn £am-io-e-bmb `h-Xn-tbmSv _m“-W-k-l-P-amb N]-e- m-h-Øm¬Rm≥ NneXp tNmZn-°p-hm-\m-K-ln-°p-∂p. cl-ky-a-s√-¶n¬`hXn adp-]Sn ]d-™m-epw.

Ipte ]kqXnx ]Y-aky th[-k˛

kvXntem-I-ku-µ-cy-an-thm-ZnXw h]px

Aar-Ky-ssa-iz-cy-kpJw \hw hb˛

kvX]x- ew kymXvIn-a-Xx-]cw hZ

|…l…®…∫™… ¥…‰v…∫…& E÷Ú±…‰ |…∫…÷ i…& ¥……÷& j…±……‰EÚ∫……Ëxn˘™…«®…¬ = n˘i…®…¬ <¥… B‰∑…™…«∫…÷J…®…¬

+®…fiM™…®…¬ ¥…™…& x…¥…®…¬ +i…&…Æ∆˙ ÀEÚ i……&°Ú±…‰∫™……i…¬ ¥…n˘*

H∂ma\mb hn[m-Xm-hns‚ (]-Pm-]-Xn-bp-sS) Ipe-Øn¬ P\\wicocw Xntem-I-ku-µcyw Hcp-an®v DZn-®-XmtWm F∂p tXm∂p-am-dp-≈Xv sFiz-cyhpw kpJhpw At\z-jn-t°-≠m-ØXv \h-bu-h\w AXn-\-∏pdw F¥mWp X]x- -e-am-tI-≠Xv ]d-bp-I.

BZn-hn-[m-Xm-hmb lnc-Wy-K¿`s‚ hwi-Øn¬ P\-\w.Xn`p-h-\-ku-µ-cyhpw Hcn-S-Øp-Iq-Sn-t®¿∂-XmtWm F∂ptXm∂p-am-dp≈ ico-cw. tXtS-≠-Xn-√mØ kºØpw kpJhpwIqSmsX \h-bu-h-\-hpw. CXn¬ IqSp-X-embn X]- p-sIm≠pt\tS-≠Xv F¥m-Wp-≈-sX∂p ]d-™m-epw.

`h-Xy-\n-jvSm-Z]n \ma Zpxk-lm˛

∑\-kzn-\o\mw ]Xn-]-Øn-co-Zrio;

hnNm-c-am¿K-]-ln-tX\ tNXkm

\ ZriytX X® Irtim-Zcn Xzbn.

76

n÷˘&∫…Ω˛…i…¬ + x…π]ı…i…¬ + … ®…x…Œ∫¥…x…“x……®…¬ <«o˘∂…“ |… i…… k…& ¶…¥… i… x……®… (Ω‰˛)

EfiÚ∂……‰n˘ Æ˙ ¥…S……Æ˙®……M…«|… Ω˛i…‰x… S…‰i…∫…… i…i…¬ S… i¥… ™… x… o˘∂™…i…‰*

kln-°m-\m-ImØ A\njvSw Imc-W-ambpw a\-kzn-\n-am¿°v

Cuhn-[-ap≈ ]Xn-]Øn `hn-°m-dp-≠v. A√tbm Irtim-Z-cn,

a\- p-sIm≠p ]e am¿K-Øn-eqsS Nn¥n-®n´pw AXpw `h-Xn-

bn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.

Ak-l-\o-b-amb A\n-jvShpw a\-kzn-\n-am¿°v CØ-c-

Øn¬ X]- -\p-jvTn-°p-hm-\p≈ t]c-W-bm-Im-dp-≠v. F∂m¬

A√tbm kpµ-co, GXp Xc-Øn¬ Nn¥n-®n´pw B A\n-jvShpw

`h-Xn-bn¬ Rm≥ ImWp-∂n-√.

Ae-`y-tim-Im-`n-`-th-b-am-Ir-Xn¿˛

hnam-\\m kp`p IpXx ]nXp¿Krtl;

]cm- n-a¿tim \ XhmkvXn IxIcw

]km-c-tb-Xv]-∂-K-c-Xv\-kq-N-tb.

(Ω‰) ∫…÷ß…÷ <™…®…¬ +…EfiÚ i…& +±…¶™…∂……‰EÚ… ¶…¶…¥…… …i…fi M…fiΩ‰ E÷Úi…& ¥…®……x…x…… …Æ˙… ¶…®…∂…«&

i…¥… x… +Œ∫i… …z…M…Æ˙ix…∫…⁄S…™…‰ EÚ& EÚÆ∆˙ |…∫……Æ˙™…‰i…¬?

A√tbm \√ ]pcn-I-s°m-Sn-bp-≈-h-tf, Cu BIrXn timI-Øns‚ FXn¿∏p-≠m-Ip-hm≥ km[y-X-bn-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv. ]nXr-Kr-l-Øn¬ Fß-s\-bmWv Ah-a-Xn-bp-≠m-hpI? A\ys‚ssItb‰w \n\°v C√ k¿]-(in-c- n-se) cXv\-Øn-\mbn BcvssI \o´pw?

A√tbm kpµ-cn, `h-Xn-bpsS Cu BIr-Xn-hn-tijwtimIm-Xn-h¿Øn-bm-Wv. ]¿h-X-cm-P-\mb lna-hms‚ Krl-Øn¬ ]pXn°v Fßs\ Ah-am\w kw -hn-°m-\mWv? A\y¿Bcpw h-Xnsb BI-an-°p-I-bn-√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ k¿]-

77

Øns‚ inc- n-en-cn-°p∂ cXv\-Øn-\mbn ssI \o´p-hm≥B¿°mWv kma¿Yy-ap-≈-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v `h-Xn-bpsS CuX] v GsX-¶nepw A\njvSw kw -hn-®-Xp-sIm-≠m-Ip-hm≥ CS-bn√ F∂p kv]jvSw.

Inan-Xy-]m-kym-`-c-Wm\n buht\

[rXw Xzbm hm¿[-I-tim`n hevI-eav;

hZ ]tZmtj kv^pS-N-µ-Xm-cIm

hn`m-hco bZy-cp-Wmb Iev]tX

EÚ®…¬ < i… ™……Ë¥…x…‰ i¥…™…… +…¶…Æ˙h…… x… +……∫™… ¥……v…«EÚ∂……‰ ¶… ¥…±EÚ±…∆ v…fii…®…¬ |…n˘…‰π…‰

∫°÷Ú]ıS…xp˘i……Æ˙EÚ… ¥…¶……¥…Æ˙“ +Ø˚h……™… EÚ±…i…‰ ™… n˘ ¥…n˘*

F¥n-\m-bn- mWv buh-\-Øn¬ `h-Xn-bm¬ B -c-W-߃ Dt]-£n-®n v hm¿[-Iy-Øn¬ tim`n-°p∂ hevIew [cn-°-s∏- Xv? ]tZm-j-Øn¬ (kmbw k‘y-bn¬) sXfn™ Nµ\pw \£-X-ß-fp-ap≈cmXn Acp-W-\p-th≠n (]m-Xx-k-‘y-bv°p-th≠n Iev]n-°p-∂pthmF¶n¬ ]d-bp-I.

F¥p-sIm≠mWv `h-Xn-bm¬ Cu buh-\-Øn¬ B -c-W-߃ Dt]-£n®v hm¿[-Iy-Im-e-Øp-amXw tim`n-°p∂hevIew [cn-°-s∏- Xv? kmbw-k-‘y-bn¬ sXfn-bp∂ Nµ\pw\£-X-ß-fp-ap≈ cmXn ]mXx-k-‘y-bv°p-th≠n ]m¿Yn-°m-dpt≠m? ]d-bq.

Znhw bZn ]m¿Y-btk hrYm iax

]nXpx ]tZ-im-kvXh tZh- q-abx

AtYm-]-bm-¥m-c-aew kam-[n\m

\ cXv\-a-\zn-jyXn arKytX ln XXv

78

™… n˘ n˘¥…∆ |……l…«™…∫…‰ (i…ÕΩ˛) ∏…®…& ¥…fil…… i…¥… …i…÷& |…n‰∂……& n‰¥…¶…⁄®…™…& (¶…¥…Œxi…) +l…

=…™…xi……Æ∆ (|……l…«™…∫…‰ i…ÕΩ˛) ∫…®……x…… v…x…… +±…®…¬ Ω˛ Æ˙ix…∆ x… +Œx¥…π™… i… i…i…¬ ®…fiM™…i…‰*

`hXn kz¿K-sØ-bmWv ]m¿Yn-°p-∂Xv F¶n¬ iaw shdp-sX-bm-Wv. `h-Xn-bpsS ]nXm-hns‚ ]tZ-i-߃ tZh-`q-an-I-fm-Wv. adn®v ]Xn-sb-bmWv `hXn ]m¿∞n--°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ X] vBh-iy-an-√. cXv\w BIs´ (B-scbpw) At\z-jn-°p-I-bn-√-t√m. AXv At\z-jn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibm-Wv.

`hXn kz¿§-amWv Imw£n-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ `h-Xn-bpsS]nXm-hns‚ ]tZ-i-sa√mw tZh-∑m-cpsS hmk- q-an-bmb kz¿Kw

Xs∂bmIp-∂p. AYhm hcs\ e`n-°pI F∂-XmWp e£y-

sa-¶n¬ AXn\v X] v Bh-iy-an-√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬

cXv\w AXv AWn-bm≥ tbmKy-\mb Hcp-hs\ At\z-jn-°m-dn-

√. t\tc adn®v cXv\w AWn-tb-≠-h-cm¬ At\z-jn-°-s∏-Sp-I-

bmWp sNøp-∂-Xv.

\nth-ZnXw \niz-kn-tX\ tkmjvaWm

a\kvXp ta kwi-b-tah KmltX;

\ ZriytX ]m¿Y-bn-Xhy Gh tX

`hn-jyXn ]m¿Yn-X-Zp¿e`x IYav

∫……‰π®…h…… x…∑… ∫…i…‰x… x…¥…‰ n˘i…∆ ®…‰ ®…x…& i…÷ ∫…∆∂…™…®…¬ B¥… M……Ω˛i…‰ i…‰ |……l…« ™…i…¥™…& B¥…

x… o˘∂™…i…‰ |……Ãl…i…n÷˘±…«¶…& EÚl…∆ ¶… ¥…π™… i…?

Dujvam-thm-Sp-Iq-Snb \nizm-k-Øm¬ Adn-bn-°-s∏´p Fs‚

a\ v BIs´ kwi-b-Øn¬ Xs∂ apßp∂p \n\-°p- ]m¿Yn-

°-s∏-tS-≠-h-\mb Hcmƒ Xs∂bpw F∂m¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂n√

]m¿Yn-°-s∏- n´pw Zp¿e- ≥ Fßs\ `hn-°m-\mWv?

79

NpSp-s\-Sp-ho¿∏p-sIm≠v hcs\ e`n-°p-I-bmWv `h-Xn-

bpsS X]- ns‚ ImcWw F∂v kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-´p. F∂m¬

Fs‚ a\ v ho≠pw kwi-b-Øn¬ Bgv∂n-cn-°p∂p. F¥p-

sIm-s≠-∂m¬ k¿h-P-\-ß-fmepw ]m¿Yn-°-s∏-tS-≠-h-fmb

`h-Xn-bm¬ ]m¿Yn-°-s∏-tS-≠-h-\mbn aq∂p temI-ß-fnepw

GsX-¶nepw hy‡n Ds≠∂v Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂n-√. Ds≠-

¶n¬Øs∂ B hy‡n ]m¿Yn-®mepw Zp¿e-`≥ Fß-s\-

bmIpw? `h-Xn°v Zp¿e- -\mbn Bcpw Xs∂-bn√ F∂¿Yw.

Atlm ÿncx tImf]n Xth-]vkntXm bphm

Nncmb I¿tWm-Xv]-e-iq-\yXmw KtX;

Dt]-£tX bx iveY-ew-_n\o¿PSmx

It]m-e-tZti Ie-am-K-]n-MvKemx

+Ω˛…‰! i…¥… <«Œ∫…i…& ™…÷¥…… EÚ…‰f … Œ∫l…Æ˙& ™…& S…Æ˙…™… EÚh……ʱ…±…∂…⁄x™…i……∆ M…i…‰

EÚ……‰±…n‰˘∂…‰ ∂±…l…±…Œ®§…x…“& EÚ±…®……O… …R¬ÛM…±……& (<¥…) V…]ı…& =…‰I…i…‰*

B›cyw! \n\°v A`o-jvS-\mb bphmhv Hcp ITn-\-(Nn-Ø≥)

Xs∂-bmWv. bmsXm-cp-h≥ hf-sc-°m-e-ambn I¿tWm-Xv]-e-iq-

\y-Xsb ]m]n® Ihn-fn¬ Agn™p Rm∂p-In-S-°p∂ s\ev°-

Xn-cns‚ AKw t]mse sNºn® PS-Isf Dt]-£n-°p-∂pthm?

B›cyw! `h-Xn°v G‰hpw ]nb-s∏´ B bphmhv ITn-

\-lr-Z-b-\mWv F∂-Xn¬ Hcp kwi-b-hp-an-√. ImcWw Abmƒ

hf-sc-°m-e-ambn I¿Wm-e-¶m-c-iq-\y-amb h-Xn-bpsS IhnƒØ-

S-Øn¬ sI -gn™v sNs∂-√n≥ IXn-cp-t]mse Xqßn-°n-S-°p∂

sNºn® PSsb ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-tX-bn-√-t√m.

80

ap\n-h-ssX-kvXzm-a-Xn-am-X-I¿inXmw

Znhm-I-cm]vepjvS-hn-`q-j-Wm-kv]-Zmav;

iim-¶-te-Jm-anh ]iytXm Znhm

ktN-Xkx Iky at\m \ ZqbtX

®…÷ x…µ…i…Ë& + i…®……j…EÚÃ∂…i……∆ n˘¥……EÚÆ˙…±…÷π]ı ¥…¶…⁄π…h……∫…n˘…®…¬ i¥……∆ n˘¥…… ∂…∂……R¬ÛEÚ±…‰J……®…¬

<¥… …∂™…i…& ∫…S…‰i…∫…& EÚ∫™… ®…x…& x… n⁄˘™…i…‰*

ap\n-h-X-ß-fm¬ hf-sc-b-[nIw £oWn-®, kqcy-\m¬ X]n-∏n-

°-s∏´ Ae-¶m-cm-i-b-ÿm-\-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb `h-Xnsb ]I¬

ka-bsØ Nµ-°e F∂-t]mse ImWp∂ ktN-X- mb

BcpsS a\- mWv ZpxJn-°m-Ø-Xv.

Nmµm-b-WmZn hXm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fm¬ AXy¥w saen-

™v, B -c-W-߃°m-kv]-Z-am-bn-cp∂ ÿm\w kqcy-In-c-W-ß-tf‰p

IdpØ ]mtSm-Sp-IqSn ]I¬k-a-b-Øp Zriy-am-Ip∂ Nµ-I-e-t]mse

ÿnXn sNøp∂ h-Xnsb ImWp∂ GsXmcp kly-Z-bs‚ a\- mWp

thZ-\n-°m-Ø-Xv.

Asshan ku`m-Ky-a-tZ\ h©nXw

Xh ]nbw b›-Xp-cm-h-tem-In\x;

ItcmXn e£yw Nnc-aky N£ptjm

\ hIvXam-flo-b-a-cm-f-]-£vaWx

i…¥… |…™…∆ ∫……˶……M™…®…n‰˘x… ¥…Œ\S…i…®…¬ +¥…Ë ®… ™…& +…i®…“™…∆ ¥…Cj…∆ S…i…÷Æ˙…¥…±……‰ EÚx…&

+Æ˙…±……I®…h…& +∫™… S…I…÷π…& S…Æ∆˙ ±…Cπ™®…¬ x… EÚÆ˙…‰ i…*

81

`h-Xn-bpsS ]nbs\ ku`m-Ky-a-Z-Øm¬ h©n-X-s\∂p Rm≥Icp-Xp-∂p. bmsXm-cp-h≥ kz¥w apJsØ Ag-Im¿∂ t\m -tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw hf™ Ca-tcm-a-ß-fp-≈-Xp-amb Cu IÆp-Iƒ°vhf-sc-°m-e-am-bn´pw e£y-am-°p-∂n-√.

`h-Xn-bm¬ h√-`-\mbn ]m¿Yn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]pcp-js\ku`m-Ky-a-Z-Øm¬ h©n-°-s∏- -h-\m-sW∂p Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p.Fs¥-∂m¬ Abmƒ kz¥w apJ-sØ, kq£va-ho-£-W-Nm-Xp-cy-ap-≈Xpw hf™ Ca-tcm-a-ß-fp-≈-Xp-amb h-Xn-bpsS \b-\-߃°v hf-sc-°m-e-am-bn´pw e£y-am-°p-∂n-√-t√m.

Inb-®ncw imaykn Kucn hnZytX

aam]n ]q¿hm-i-a-k-©nXw X]x

XZ¿[- m-tK\ e`kz ImMv£nXw

hcw Xan-—man N km[p thZn-Xpav

(Ω‰) M……Ë Æ˙ EÚ™…i…¬ S…Æ∆ ∏……®™… ∫… ®…®… + … …⁄¥……«∏…®…∫…Œ\S…i…∆ i……& ¥…ti…‰ i…n˘v…«¶……M…‰x…

EÚ…R¬Û I…i…∆ ¥…Æ∆˙ ±…¶…∫¥… i…∆ ∫……v…÷ ¥…‰ n˘i…÷∆ S… <SUÙ… ®…*

A√tbm Kucn, FX Ime-ambn \o X] p sNbvXp £oWn-°p-∂p. F\n°pw ]q¿∆m-i-a-k-©n-X-amb X] v D≠v. AXns‚A¿[-`mKw sIm≠v BK-ln-°p∂ hcs\ t\Sn-s°m-≈p-I.At±-lsØ th≠-Xp-t]mse Adn-bp-∂-Xn\pw Rm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂p.

A√tbm Kuco, FX-Im-e-ambn `hXn X]- -\p-jvTn-°p-∂p. F\n°pw _“-N-cym-i-a-Øn¬ \n∂pw t\Snb X]- p-≠v. B X]- ns‚ t\¿]-IpXn kzoI-cn®v h-Xn-bpsS CjvS-]m-tW-iz-cs\ t\Sn-s°m-≈p-I. AXp-t]mse h-Xn-bpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ ]Xn-jvTn-®n-cn-°p∂ B hcs\ th≠-Xp-t]mse Adn-bp-∂-Xn\pw Rm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂p.

82

CXn ]hn-iym- n-lnXm ZznP-∑\m

at\m-KXw km \ iimI iwkn-Xpav;

AtYm hbkymw ]cn-]m¿iz-h¿Xn\ow

hnh¿Øn-Xm-\-RvP-\-t\-X-ssa-£X

< i… u˘V…x®…x…… |… ¥…∂™… + ¶… Ω˛i…… ∫…… ®…x……‰M…i…∆ ∂…∆ ∫…i…÷∆ x… ∂…∂……EÚ +™……‰ … Æ˙……∑…«¥…Ãi…x…“

¥…™…∫™……∆ ¥…¥…Ãi…i……\V…x…x…‰j…®…¬ B‰I…i…*

C]-Imcw ZznP-∑m-hn-\m¬ (_-“-Nm-cn-bm¬) IS∂p kwkm-cn-°-s∏´ Ahƒ at\m-KXw Adn-bn-°p-hm≥ i‡-bm-bn√ AXn-\m¬ ]m¿iz-Øn¬ h¿Øn-°p∂ kJnsb ARvP-\-an-√mØt\Xw Xncn®v t\m°n.

_“-Nm-cn-bm¬ C]-Imcw IS-∂p-tNm-Zn-°-sh ]m¿hXn,D≈p-Xp-d∂p ]d-bp-hm≥ Bfm-bn-√. AXp-Im-cWw kao-]Øp\n¬°p∂ kJnsb Xs‚ A`n-emjw Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\p ajn-sb-gp-XmØ IÆp Xncn®v t]cn-∏n°pw hn[w ho£n-®p.

kJo XZobm Xap-hmN h¿Wn\w

\nt_m[ kmt[m Xh tNXvIp-Xq-l-eav;

bZ¿Y-a-avt`m-P-an-thm-jvW-hm-cWw

IrXw X]x-km-[-\-ta-Xbm h]px

i…n˘“™…… ∫…J…“ i…∆ ¥…Ãh…x…®…¬ =¥……S… (Ω‰˛) ∫……v……‰ i…¥… E÷Úi…⁄Ω˛±…¬ S…‰i…¬ x…§……‰v… ™…n˘l…«®…¬

+®¶……‰V…®…¬ =πh…¥……Æ˙h…®…¬ <¥… Bi…™…… ¥……÷& i……&∫……v…x…∆ EfiÚi…®…¬ (< i…)*

Ah-fpsS kJn B _“-Nm-cn-tbmSp ]d-™p. A√tbmkmt[m, Atßbv°v IuXp-I-ap≠v F¶n¬ Adn-bpI F¥n-\p-th≠n Xma-c-∏q-hns\ DjvW-hmcWw (A-X-]-Xw) F∂-t]mse Ch-fm¬ icocw X]- -\p-jvTn-°p-hm-\p-≈-Xm-°-s∏´pF∂v

83

]m¿h-Xn-bpsS kJn _“-Nm-cn-tbmSp ]d-™p, A√tbmkmt[m, Atßbv°p tIƒ°p-hm≥ AX-ta¬ XmXv]-cy-ap-s≠-¶n¬tI´p-sIm-≈p-I. Pe-PsØ (P-e-Øn¬ amXw \ne-\n-ev]p-≈-Xv)DjvW-]-cn-lm-c-Øn\mbn IpS-bm-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse ]m¿hXn Cu DSens\X]- n\v D]-I-c-W-am-°n-bXv F¥n-s\-∂v.

Cbw atl-µ-]-`r-Xo-\-[n-in-b˛

›Xp¿Zn-Ko-im-\-h-aXy am\n\o;

Acq-]-lmcyw aZ-\ky \nK-lm˛

Xv]n\m-I-]mWnw ]Xn-am-]vXp-an-—Xn

®…… x… x… <™…®…¬ + v… ∏…™…& ®…Ω‰˛xp˘|…¶…fii…“x…¬ S…i…÷Ãn˘M…“∂……x…¬ +¥…®…i™… ®…n˘x…∫™… x…O…Ω˛…i…¬

+∞¸…Ω˛…™…» …x……EÚ……Àh… … i…®…¬ +…i…÷®…¬ <SUÙ i…*

A`n-am-\n-\n-bmb Chƒ sFiz-cy-k-ar-≤-cmb tZth-µ≥ XpS-

ßnb \mev ZnIv]m-e-I-∑msc Ah-K-Wn-®n´v aZ-\s‚ \nK-l-

Øm¬ cq]w sIm≠p lcn-°p-hm-\m-ImØ ]n\m-I-]m-Wnsb

]Xn-bmbn e`n-°p-hm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂p.

A`n-am-\n-\n-bmb ]m¿hXn sFiz-cym-[n-]-∑m-cmb tZth-

µ≥ XpS-ßnb \mev ZnIv]m-e-I≥amsc Ah-K-Wn-®n´v, Imas\

`kvao-I-cn-®-h\pw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ kuµ-cy-Øm¬ hio-I-

cn-°p-hm≥ km[y-a-√m-Ø-h-\p-amb inhs\ X] v F∂ Htc

Hcp-]m-b-Øm¬ `¿Øm-hmbn t\Sp-hm≥ A`n-e-jn-°p-∂p.

Ak-ly-lpw-Im-c-\n-h¿XnXx ]pcm

]pcm-cn-a-]m-]vX-apJx ineo-apJx

Camw lrZn hymb-X-]m-X-a-£n-tWm˛

Zznio¿W-aq¿tØ-c]n ]pjv]-[-\z\x

84

…÷Æ˙… ¥…∂…“h…«®…⁄i…Ê& + … …÷π…v…x¥…x…& ∂…±…“®…÷J…& …÷Æ˙… Æ˙®…¬ +|……i…®…÷J…&

+∫…¡Ω÷∆˛EÚ…Æ˙ x…¥…Ãi…i…& (∫…x…¬) <®……®…¬ æ˛ n˘ ¥™……™…i………i…®…¬ + I…h……‰i…¬*

]≠v kvao-I-cn-°-s∏´ ico-c-tØm-Sp-IqSnbh-\m-sb-¶nepw Ima-

tZ-hs‚ Aºv ]pcm-cnsb ]m]n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bmsX Ak-l-

\o-b-amb lpMvImc-Øm¬ ]n≥Xn-cn-∏n-°-s∏- n´v Chsf lrZ-

b-Øn¬ Bg-Øn¬ Xd®v thZ-\n-∏n-®p.

lcs‚ X]- n\v wK-ap-≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Ima-tZ-h-\m¬

]tbm-Kn-°-s∏´ Aºp-sIm≠v Ip]n-X-\mb inhs‚ tIm]m-

·n-bn¬ Ima-tZ-h≥ `kvao-I-cn-°-s∏-´n´pw inhs‚ lp¶m-c-

Øm¬ ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°-s∏´ B Aºv inh-]q-Pm-X-Xv]-c-bmbn ASp-

Øp-\n∂ ]m¿h-Xn-bpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ B™p-X-d®v Chsf

AXy¥w thZ-\n-∏n-®p.

XZm ]`r-Xyp-∑-Z\m ]nXp¿Krtl

eem-Sn-Im-N-µ-\-[q-k-cm-fIm:

\ PmXp _mem e`tX kva \n¿hrXnw

Xpjm-c-kw-Lm-X-in-em-X-te-jz]n

i…n˘… |…¶…fi i… …i…÷& M…fiΩ‰ =x®…n˘x…… ±…±…… ]ıEÚ…S…xn˘x…v…⁄∫…Æ˙…±…EÚ… (<™…∆) §……±…… V……i…÷

i…÷π……Æ˙∫…∆P……i… ∂…±……i…±…‰π…÷ + … x…¥…fi«Ài… x… ±…¶…i…‰ ∫®…*

At∏mƒ apX¬ ]nXm-hns‚ Krl-Øn¬ aZ-\-]-c-h-i-bmbn s\‰n-

bn¬ ]qinb Nµ-\-[qfn ]‰n-∏n-Sn® Af-I-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu

_me Hcn-°¬t]mepw a™p-aq-Sn-°n-S-°p∂ inem-X-e-ß-fnepw

(i-bn-®n- pw) \n¿hrXn e`n-®-h-fm-bn-√.

A∂p-ap-X¬ aZ-\-]-c-h-i-bmbn s\‰n-Ø-S-Ønse Nµ\w

s]mSn-™p-]-‰nb Af-I-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu s]¨sIm-Sn°v

85

]nXm-hns‚ Krl-Øn¬ a™p-aq-Snb inem-X-e-Øn¬ ibn-®n´pw

Hcn-°¬t]mepw kpJw e`n-®n-√.

D]m-Ø-h¿tW NcntX ]n\m-In\x

k_m-jv]-I-WvT-kvJ-enssXx ]ssZ-cn-bav;

At\-Iix Inw\-c-cm-P-I-\yIm

h\m-¥-kw-Ko-X-k-Jo-c-tcm-Z-bXv

<™…∆ …x…… EÚx…& S… Æ˙i…‰ =……k…¥…h…Ê ∫…§……π…EÚh`ˆ∫J… ±…i…Ë& …nˢ& ¥…x……xi…∫…∆M…“i…∫…J…“&

ÀEÚx…Æ˙Æ˙…V…EÚx™…EÚ…& +x…‰EÚ∂…& +Æ˙…‰n˘™…i…¬*

Chƒ ]n\m-In-bpsS NcnXw h¿Wn-®p-]m-Sp-hm≥ XpS-ßth_mjv]-tØm-Sp-IqSn IWvT-an-S-dp∂ ]Z-ß-fm¬ h\m-¥-kw-Ko-X-k-Jn-I-fmb Inw\-c-cm-P-I-\y-I-amsc ]e ]mhiyw Ic-bn-®p.

Cu _me inhs‚ Xn]p-c-Z-l-\m-Zn-N-cnXw h¿Wn-®p-]m-Sp-tºmƒ inh-kva-cWw sIm≠p-≠mb hnc-l-th-Z-\-bm¬ KZvK-Z-I-WvT-bmbn CS-dp∂ ]Z-ß-fm¬ h\m-¥-Ønse kwKo-X-k-Jn-I-fmb In∂-c-cm-P-I-\y-I-amsc ]e-Ipdn Ic-bn-®p.

Xn`m-K-ti-jmkp \nimkp N £Ww

\naoey t\tX klkm hy_p-[yX;

Iz \oe-IWvT hP-ko-Xy-e-£y-hm˛

Kk-Xy-I-WvTm¿]n-X-_m-lp-_-‘\m

j…¶……M…∂…‰π……∫…÷ x…∂……∫…÷ I…h…∆ x…‰j…‰ x…®…“±™… ∫…Ω˛∫…… (Ω‰˛) x…“±…EÚh`ˆ C¥… µ…V… ∫… < i…

+±…I™…¥……E¬Ú +∫…i™…EÚh`ˆ…Ã…i…§……Ω÷˛§…xv…x…… S… (∫… i…) ¥™…§…÷v™…i…*

aq∂p bma-ß-fp≈ cmXn-bpsS Ah-km-\-bm-a-Øn¬ £W-t\-c-tØ°p

IÆp-Iƒ AS-®n´v s]s´∂v A√tbm \oe-I-WvT, Aßv FhnsSt]mIp∂p? F∂v Ae-£y-amb (A-hy-‡-am-b) hmt°mSpw C√mØ

86

IWvT-Øn¬ A¿∏n°s∏´ _mlp-_-‘-\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hfpw Bbn-Øo¿∂n´v DW¿∂p.

Fs‚ Cu kJn cmXn-bpsS A¥y-bm-a-Øn¬ Aev]-t\cw H∂p IÆ-S-®m¬ At∏mƒØs∂ "A√tbm \oe-IWvTmAßv FhnsS t]mIp∂p' F∂v e£y-an-√m-sX ]d-™p-sIm≠vC√mØ IWvT-Øn¬ sI´n-∏n-Sn®v s]s´∂v DW¿∂p-t]m-Ipw.

bZm _pss[x k¿h-K-X-kvXz-ap-Nytk

\ th’n `mh-ÿ-anaw IYw P\av;

CXn kzl-kvtXm-√n-Jn-X› apKv[bm

cl-kyp-]m-e- yX Nµ-ti-Jcx

™…n˘… i¥…∆ §…÷v…Ë& ∫…¥…«M…i…& =S™…∫…‰ (i…n˘…) ¶……¥…∫l…®…¬ <®…∆ V…x…∆ EÚl…∆ x… ¥…‰Œi∫… < i…

®…÷Mv…™…… (i…™……) ∫¥…Ω˛∫i……‰Œ±±… J…i…& S…xp˘∂…‰J…Æ˙& Æ˙Ω˛ ∫… =……±…¶™…i… S…*

Ft∏m-sgms° Aßv _p[≥am-cm¬ k¿h-hym-]n-bmWv F∂p]d-b-s∏-Sp∂p At∏m-sgms° A\p-cm-K-h-Xn-bmb Cu P\sØ(F-s∂) F¥p-sIm≠v \o Adn-bp-∂n√ F∂n-ßs\ apKv[-bmb Ah-fm¬ kz¥w ssIsIm≠v Fgp-X-s∏´ Nµ-ti-J-c≥cl-ky-ambn `¿’n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Aßv a\o-jn-I-fm¬ k¿h-hym-]n-bm-sW∂p ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ Aß-bn¬ A\p-cm-K-ap-≈-h-fmbFs∂ Aßv F¥p-sIm≠v Adn-bp-∂n√? F∂n-ßs\ apKv[-bmb Cu ]m¿hXn kz¥w ssIsIm-s≠-gp-Xnb Nµ-ti-J-cs‚ NnXw t\m°n cl-ky-ambn `¿’n-®p.

bZm N Xkym-[n-Kta PK-Xv]-tX˛

c]-iy-Z\yw \ hn[nw hnNn-\zXo;

XZm klm-kvam- n-c-\p-⁄bm Kptcm˛

cnbw ]]∂m X]tk Xt]m-h-\-av.

87

V…M…i…i…‰& i…∫™… + v…M…®…‰ ¥… S…x¥…i…“ +x™…∆ ¥…Àv… ™…n˘… x… +…∂™…i…¬ i…n˘… <™…∆ M…÷Æ˙…‰&

+x…÷Y…™…… +∫®…… ¶…& ∫…Ω˛ i……∫…‰ i………‰¥…x…∆ |……z…… S…*

PK-Xv]-Xn-bmb At±-l-Øns‚ e_v[n-°mbn At\z-jn-°thas‰m-cp-]m-bsØ Ft∏mƒ ImWm≥ Ign-™n--√tbm At∏mƒChƒ Kpcp-hns‚ A\p-⁄-tbm-Sp-IqSn Rß-tfm-sSm∏w X]- n-\mbn Xt]m-h-\sØ ]m]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

PK-Xv]-Xn-bmb Cuiz-cs\ hc-\mbn e`n-°p-hm≥ D]mbwNn¥n® Cu kJn as‰mcp am¿Khpw ImWmsX HSp-hn¬ ]nXm-hns‚ A\p-a-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn ]nb-k-Jn-am-cmb Rß-tfm-sSm∏wX]- -\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Cu Xt]m-h-\-Øn-te°p t]m∂p.

Zptajp kJym IrX-P-∑kp kzbw

^ew X]x-km-£njp ZrjvS-ta-jz]n;

\ N ]tcm-lm- n-aptJm|]n ZriytX

at\m-c-tYmkymx iin-au-en-kw-ibx

∫…J™…… ∫¥…™…∆ EfiÚi…V…x®…∫…÷ i……&∫…… I…π…÷ Bπ…÷ p÷˘®…‰π…÷ + … °Ú±…∆ o˘π]ı®…¬ +∫™……&

∂… ∂…®……Ë ±…∫…∆∏…™…& ®…x……‰Æ˙l…& S… |…Æ˙…‰Ω˛… ¶…®…÷J…& + … x… o˘∂™…i…‰*

kJn-bm¬ kzbw \´p-h-f¿Ø-s∏´ X]x-km-£n-I-fmb Cu

hr£-ß-fn¬t]mepw ew ImW-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. Ch-fpsS Nµ-

ti-J-cs\ Bi-bn-®p≈ at\m-c-Y-am-Is´ apf-∏ns‚ Bcw`w

D≈-Xm-bn-t]mepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.

Rß-fpsS kJn-bmb ]m¿h-Xn-bm¬ kz¥w ssIsIm-

≠v hnØp-hn-X®v sh≈w \\®p hf¿Ø-s∏ v X]- ns‚ km£n-

I-fmbn \n¬°p∂ hr£-ß-fn¬t]mepw ^e-ap -≠mbn.

F∂m¬ Nµ-ti-J-cs\ e£yam°n-bp≈ Ah-fpsS at\m-c-Y-

Øn\v apf-s]m- p-∂-Xns‚ e£Ww t]mepw ImWp-∂n-√.

88

\ thZvan kx ]m¿Yn-X-Zp¿e`x IZm

kJo-`n-c-tkm-Øcao£n-Xm-an-amav;

X]x-Ir-im-a-`yp-]-]-’ytX kJow

hrtjh koXmw XZ-h-K-l-£-Xmav

|……Ãl…i…n÷˘±…«¶…& ∫…& i……& EfiÚ∂……®…¬ ∫…J…“ ¶…& +∫j……‰k…Æ˙®…¬ <« I…i……®…¬ <®……∆ ∫…J…” ¥…fiπ……

i…n˘¥…O…Ω˛I…i……®…¬ ∫…“i……®…¬ <¥… EÚn˘… +¶™…÷……i∫™…i…‰ (< i…) x… ¥…t…*

]m¿Yn-X-Zp¿e-`-\mb At±lw X]x-Ir-i-bmbn kJn-am-cm¬

IÆo-tcmsS ho£n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Cu kJnsb Cµ≥ ag-bn-√m-

bva-bm¬ \in® Dg-hp-Nm-ens\ F∂-t]mse Ft∏m-gmWv A\p-

K-ln-°pI.

]m¿Yn-°-s∏- n´pw Zp¿e- -\mb Nµ-ti-J-c≥ Xt]mf\p-

jvTm\Øm¬ £oWhpw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ kJn-am-cm¬ \nd-

an-gn-I-tfmsS ho£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-fp-amb Cu kJn-sb, Cµ≥

ag s]øn-°m-Ø-Xp-Im-cWw hc-≠p-t]mb `qansb ag-sIm-s≠-

∂-t]mse Chsf Ft∏m-gmWv A\p-K-ln-°pI F∂v F\n-°-

dn-bn-√.

AKq-V-k-Zv`m-h-an-Xo-MvKn-X-⁄bm

\nth-ZntXm ss\jvTn-I-kp-µ-c-kvXbmx

Abo-Z-tahw ]cn-lmk CXyp-am˛

a]r-—-Z-hy-RvPn-X-l¿j-e-£Wx

<R¬Û M…i…Y…™…… i…™…… < i… +M…⁄f¯∫…n¬¶……¥…∆ x…¥…‰ n˘i…& x…ËŒπ`ˆEÚ∫…÷xn˘Æ˙& +¥™…Œ\S…i…Ω˛π…«±…I…h…&

+ ™… <n˘®…¬ B¥…∆ … Æ˙Ω˛…∫…&(¥……) < i… =®……®…¬ +…fiSUÙi…¬*

CMvKnXw Adn-bp∂ Ah-fm¬ Cßs\ kXyw ad-®p-h-bv°msX Adn-bn-°-s∏´ ss\jvTn-I-kp-µ-c≥ kt¥m-j-e-£Ww

89

]I-S-am-°msX tl (]m¿h-Xn) CXv Cß-s\-X-s∂tbm AtXm]cn-lm-ktam F∂v Da-tbmSp tNmZn-®p.

]m¿h-Xn-bpsS a\- -dn -bp∂ kJn-bm¬ Ft∏mƒ]m¿hXnbpsS A¥¿KXw ]Im-in-∏n-°-s∏-´pthm At∏mƒkpµ-c-\mb B _“-Nmcn apJØp ]Xy-£-s∏´ BÀm-Z-Nn-”-ßsf ad-®p-sIm≠v Gbv, \nß-fpsS kJn ]d-™XvkXytam AtXm Ifntbm F∂v ]m¿h-Xn-tbm-Sp tNmZn-®p.

AYm-K-lkvtX apIp-fo-Ir-Xm-MvKpeu

ka¿]-b¥o kv^Sn-Im-£-am-en-Imav;

IY-©n-Z-tZ-kvX-\bm anXm-£cw

Nnc-hy-h-ÿm-]n-X-hm-K-`m-jX

+l… ®…÷E÷Ú±…“EfiÚi……R¬ÛM… ÷±…… Ë +O…Ω˛∫i…‰ ∫°Ú ]ıEÚ…I…®…… ±…EÚ…®…¬ ∫…®…… «™…xi…“

S…Æ˙¥™…¥…∫l…… …i…¥……E¬Ú +p‰˘& i…x…™…… ®…i……I…Æ∆˙ EÚl…Œ\S…i…¬ +¶……π…i…*

A\-¥cw apIp-fo-Ir-X-amb hnc-ep-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb AK-l-kvX-Øn¬ kv^Sn-Im-£-am-esb ka¿]n-°p-∂-h-fm-bn´v hf-sc-°m-e-ambn hm°p-Isf hyh-ÿm-]\w sNbvXn-cn-°p∂ ]¿h-X-]pXn ]cn-an-X-amb A£-c-tØm-Sp-IqSpw hÆw Hcp-hn[Øn¬]d-™p.

A\-¥cw Iq∏nb hnc¬Øp-ºn¬ P]-ame [cn®vhfsc°me-ambn anX- m-jn-Wn-bm-bn-cp∂ ]m¿hXn Npcp-ßnbhm°p-I-fn¬ Hcphn[w ]d-™p.

bYm- ipXw thZ-hnZmw hc Xzbm

Pt\m bap-ss®x-]-Z-e-MvL-t\m-’p-Ix,

X]x-In-teZw XZ-hm-]vXn-km-[\w

at\m-c-Ym-\m-a-K-Xn¿\ hnZytX

90

(Ω‰˛) ¥…‰n˘ ¥…n˘…∆ ¥…Æ˙ i¥…™…… ™…l…… ∏…÷i…∆ (i…l……) +™…∆ V…x…& =SS…Ë&…n˘±…R¬ÛP…x……‰i∫…÷EÚ& <n∆˘

i……& i…n˘¥……Œi…∫……v…x…∆ EÚ±… ®…x……‰Æ˙l……x……®…¬ +M… i…& x… ¥…ti…‰*

A√tbm thZ-hn-Øp-°-fn¬ tijvT-\m-b-h-t\, Aß-bm¬ F]-Im-c-amtWm tIƒ°-s∏-´Xv A]-Imcw Cu P\w (Rm≥)Db¿∂ ÿm\w t\Sp-hm-\m-K-l-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. Cu X] v AXpt\Sp-hm-\p≈ D]m-[n-bm-Wt√m. at\m-c-Y-߃°v t]mIm≥]‰mØ CS-an-√-t√m.

A√tbm sshZn-I-ti-jvT, Aß-bm¬ kJo-ap-J-Øp-\n∂p tIƒ°-s∏- -Xp-t]mse Rm≥ inh-]-Xv\o-]Zw F∂ D∂-X-ÿm\w BK-ln-°p-∂-h-fm-Wv. Cu X] v AXp t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bm-sW-∂-dn-™m-epw. A`n-em-j-߃°p hnj-b-a-√m-Ø-Xmbn H∂pw Xs∂-bn-√-t√m.

AYml h¿Wo hnZntXm atl-iz-c˛

kvXZ¿Yn\o Xzw ]p\-tch h¿Xtk;

Aa-MvK-fm- ym-k-cXnw hnNn¥y Xw

Xhm-\p-hrØnw \ N I¿Xp-ap-’tl

+l… ¥…h…‘ +…Ω˛ ®…Ω‰˛∑…Æ˙& (®…™……) ¥… n˘i…& i¥…∆ …÷x…& i…n˘Ãl…x…“ B¥… ¥…i…«∫…‰

+®…R¬ÛM…±……¶™……∫…Æ˙Ài… i…∆ ¥… S…xi…™… i…¥… +x…÷¥…fiÀk… EÚi…÷» x… S… =i∫…Ω‰˛*

A\-¥cw _“-Nmcn ]d™p. atl-iz-c≥ F∂m¬ Adn-b-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. \o BIs´ At±-lsØ BK-ln-°p-∂-h-fm-bn-Øs∂ h¿Øn-°p-∂p. Aa-MvKfw sNøp-∂-Xn¬ XXv]-c-\mbAhs\ Nn¥n-®n´v \n\°v A\p-Iq-esØ sNøp-hm≥ Rm≥D’m-ln-°p-∂n-√.

]m¿h-Xn-bpsS hN\w tI´n´v _“-Nmcn ho≠pw ]d-™p˛ F\n°v atl-iz-cs\ \∂mbn Adn-bmw. `h-Xn-bm-I-s´,Abm-sf-Øs∂ Imw£n-°p-∂p. NnXm- -kva-te-]-\m-Zy-a-MvK-fm-

91

N-c-W-X-Xv]-c-\mb Ahs\ Hm¿Øn´v `h-Xn-°p-th≠ HØmisNøp-hm-\p≈ D’m-lhpw F∂n-en-t∏mƒ C√m-sX-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Ah-kvXp-\n¿_-‘-]tc IYw \p tX

Itcm bam-ap-‡-hn-hm-l-Iu-XpIx

ItcW iavt`m¿h-e-bo-Ir-Xm-ln\m

kln-jytX XXv]-Y-am-h-e-av_-\av

(Ω‰) +¥…∫i…÷ x…§…«xv……Ɖ +…®…÷HÚ ¥…¥……Ω˛EÚ…Ëi…÷EÚ& +™…∆ i…‰ EÚÆ˙& ¥…±…™…“EfiÚi…… Ω˛x…… ∂…®¶……‰&

EÚƉ˙h… i…i…¬ |…l…®……¥…±…®§…x…®…¬ EÚl…∆ x…÷ ∫… Ω˛π™…i…‰*

\n mc-h-kvXp-hn¬ \n¿_‘w ]q≠-htf hnhm-l-°m-∏-Wn™Cu \ns‚ Icw k¿]sØ hf-bm-°nb iw`p-hns‚ IcwsIm≠p≈ B BZy-K-l-WsØ (]m-Wn-K-l-Ww) Fß-s\-bmWp kln-°p-I.

\n m-c-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ imTyw ]nSn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-tf, hnhmlka-bØv Im∏-Wn™ `h-Xn-bpsS ssIbpw k¿]sØ hf-bm-°n-bn-´p≈ lcs‚ ssIbp-am-bp≈ BZysØ NS-ßmb]mWn-K-lWw \n\°v Fßs\ kln-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpw.

Xztah Xmh-Xv]-cn-Nn-¥b kzbw

IZm-Nn-tZtX bZn tbmK-a¿lXx

h[q-Zp-Iqew If-lw-k-e-£Ww

KPm-Pn\w timWn-X-_n-µp-h¿jn N

i¥…®…¬ B¥… ∫¥…™…∆ i……¥…i…¬ … Æ˙ S…xi…™… EÚ±…Ω∆˛∫…±…I…h…∆ ¥…v…⁄n÷˘E⁄Ú±…∆ ∂……‰ h…i… ¥…xn÷˘¥…π…‘

M…V…… V…x…∆ S… Bi…‰ EÚn˘… S…i…¬ ™……‰M…®…¬ +Ω«˛i…& ™… n˘*

\o Xs∂ kzbw H∂m-tem-Nn-°pI If-lw-k-Øns‚ NnX-ap≈ \h-h-[p-hns‚ ]´p-h-kvXhpw c‡-_n-µp h¿jn-°p-∂-

92

Xp-amb B\-tØmepw CXp-c≠pw Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw tN¿®A¿ln-°p-∂-XmtWm?

A√tbm ]m¿h-Xn, \o kzbw Nn¥n-°p-I. If-lw-k-Øns‚ NnXw Fgp-Xn-bn- p≈ h[p-hns‚ ]´p-h-kvXhpw c‡-_n-µp-°ƒ C‰n-‰p-ho-gp∂ hcs‚ hkvX-amb B\-tØmepwXΩn¬ Fßs\ tNcpw?

NXp-jvI-]p-jv]-]-I-cm-h-Io¿Wtbmx

]tcmf]n tIm \ma Xhm-\p-a-\ytX;

Ae-‡-ImMvIm\n ]Zm\n ]mZ-tbm¿˛

hnIo¿W-tI-imkp ]tc-X-`q-anjp

S…i…÷πEÚ…÷π…|…EÚÆ˙…¥…EÚ“h…«™……‰& i…¥… …n˘™……‰& +±…HÚEÚ…R¬ÛEÚ… x… …n˘… x… ¥…EÚ“h…«E‰Ú∂…‰π…÷

…Ɖ˙i…¶…⁄ ®…π…÷ …Æ˙& + … EÚ& x……®… +x…÷®…x™…i…‰*

\mep-sI- n¬ hncn-®n- p≈ ]pjv]-ß-fn¬ (]-Xn-®) \ns‚ ]mZ-

ß-fpsS sNº-™n-®m-d-Wn™ ]mZ(-Nn-”)-߃ Xe-apSn NnX-

dn-°n-S-°p∂ ivaim-\-`q-an-I-fn¬ (]-Xn-°p-hm≥) iXp-hm-

bm¬t∏mepw BcmWv A\p-h-Zn-°pI?

]pjv]-߃ hncn® \mep-sI- n¬ k©-cn-°p-hm≥ ]cym-

]vX-am-b, sNº-™n-®m-dn-\m¬ at\m-l-c-amb `h-Xn-bpsS

]mZ-Nn-”-߃ Xe-apSn NnX-dn-°n-S-°p∂ ivaim-\- q-an-bn¬ ]Xn-

∏n-°p-hm≥ iXp-°ƒt]mepw A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bn-√.

Abp-‡-cq]w InaXx hZ

Xnt\-X-h-£x-kp-e`w Xhm]n bXv;

kvX\-Zz-tb-fkvan≥ lcn-N-µ-\m-kv]tZ

]Zw NnXm- -kva-cPx Icn-jyXn

93

Ω˛ Æ˙S…xn˘x……∫…n‰˘ +Œ∫®…x…¬ i…¥… ∫i…x…u˘™…‰f … j…x…‰j…¥…I…&∫…÷±…¶…∆ S…i……¶…∫®…Æ˙…V…& …n∆˘

EÚ Æ˙π™… i… (< i…) ™…i…¬ +i…&…Æ∆˙ +™…÷HÚ∞¸…∆ EÚ®…¬? ¥…n˘*

lcn-N-µ-\m-kv]-Z-amb Cu \ns‚ kvX\-Zz-b-Ønepw inhs‚

am¿hnS-Øn¬ kpe- -amb NnXm- -kva-c-P v ÿm\w ]nSn°pw

F∂Xv bmsXm-∂mtWm AXn-t\-°mƒ AXy¥w Abp-‡-am-

bp-≈-sX-¥mWv? ]d-bq.

lcn-N-µ-\-te-]-\-tbm-Ky-amb `h-Xn-bpsS Ccp-kvX-\-ß-

fnepw inhs‚ h£- n¬ [mcm-f-am-bp≈ NpS-e-®m-º¬

ÿm\w ]nSn-°p-sa-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ A\p-Nn-X-ambn as‰-¥m-Wp-

≈Xv? ]d-™m-epw.

Cbw N tXf\ym ]pctXm hnU-av_\m

bZq-Vbm hmc-W-cm-P-lm-cybm;

hntemIy hrt≤m-£-a-[n-jvTnXw Xzbm

alm-P\x kvtac-aptJm `hn-jyXn

<™…∆ S… i…‰ …÷Æ˙i…& +x™…… ¥…b˜®§…x…… (+Œ∫i…) ™…i…¬ >f¯™…… ¥……Æ˙h…Æ˙…V…Ω˛…™…«™…… i™…l……

+ v…Œπ`ˆi…∆ ¥…fir˘…‰I…∆ ¥…±……‰C™… ®…Ω˛…V…x…& ∫®…‰Æ˙®…÷J…& ¶… ¥…π™… i…*

CXpw \ns‚ apºn¬ (\n-\°v BZyta t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cp-∂)as‰mcp ]cn-lmkw BIp∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬ hnhm-ln-X-bmbnKP-ti-jvT-\m¬ hln-°-s∏-tS-≠-h-fmb \n∂m¬ A[n-tcm-lWw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ apXp-Im-fsb t\m°n alm-P\w kvtac-ap-J-cmbn `hn-°pw.

C\n-bm-I-s´, hnhmlw Ign™v KtP-µs‚ ]pd-Øp-I-bdn `¿Ør-Kr-l-Øn-te°p t]mtI≠ \n\°v `¿Øm-hn-t\m-Sp-IqSn apXp-Im-f-bpsS ]pd-Øp-I-bdn t]mtI-≠n-h-cpw. AXpImWp∂ Bfp-Iƒ ]p©n-cn-°pw. CXpw IjvSw Xs∂.

94

Zzbw KXw kav]Xn timN-\o-bXmw

kam-K-a-]m¿Y-\bm I]m-en\x;

Iem N km Im¥n-aXo Iem-h-X˛

kvXzaky temIky N t\X-Iu-apZo

EÚ…… ±…x…∆ ∫…®……M…®…|……l…«x…™…… ∫…®|… i… u˘™…∆ ∂……‰S…x…“™…i……∆ M…i…∆ EÚ±……¥…i…& EÚ…Œxi…®…i…“ ∫……

EÚ±…… S… +∫™… ±……‰EÚ∫™… x…‰j…EÚ…Ë®…÷n˘“ i¥…∆ S…*

I]m-en-bpsS kam-K-a-]m¿Y-\-tl-Xp-hmbn Ct∏mƒ cs≠ÆwtimN-\o-b-Xsb ]m]n-®p. Iem-hms‚ Im¥n Nn¥p∂ BIebpw Cu temI-Øn\p IÆn\p shÆn-em-hmb \obpw.

I]m-en-tbmSv Atßm-´p-tN-cp-hm≥ ]m¿Yn®v Ct∏mƒc≠pw IjvS-Øn-em-bn. apºv Nµs‚ N¥w XnI™ B Ie;]ns∂ Ct∏mƒ Cu temIØv F√m-h¿°pw IÆn\p \nem-hmb \obpw.

h]p¿hn-cq-]m£ae-£y-P-∑Xm

ZnK-av_-c-tXz\ \nth-ZnXw hkp;

htcjp bZv_m-e-ar-Km£n arKytX

XZkvXn Inw hykvX-a]n Xntem-Nt\

¥……÷& ¥…∞¸……I…∆ +±…I™…V…x®…i…… ¥…∫…÷ n˘M…®§…Æ˙i¥…‰x… x…¥…‰ n˘i…∆ (Ω‰) §……±…®…fiM…… I… ¥…Ɖπ…÷

™…i…¬ ®…fiM™…i…‰ i…i…¬ j…±……‰S…x…‰ ¥™…∫i…®…¬ + … +Œ∫i… EÚ®…¬*

icocw hncq-]m£w, A⁄m-X-amb P\\w, [\w ZnKw-_-cXzw sIm≠vshfn-s∏-SpØs∏´n-cn-°p-∂p. A√tbm am≥Ip- n-bp-tSXpt]m-ep≈ IÆp-≈-h-tf, hc-∑m-cn¬ F¥mtWm At\z-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv AXv ap°-Æ-\n¬ hykvX-am-sb-¶nepw Dt≠m?

IÆp-I-fpsS sshcq]yw sIm≠v ico-c-tim` C√. IpehpwAdn-bn-√. \·-X-sIm≠v \n¿[-\Xzw shfn-s∏-Sp-∂p. A√tbm

95

kpµ-cn, I\y-I-bpsS _‘p-°ƒ At\z-jn-°p∂ kuµ-cy-[-\m-Zn-I-fn¬ Hs∂-¶nepw ap°-Æ-\pt≠m? Cs√∂p kmcw.

\nh¿X-bm-kvam-Z-k-Zo-]vkn-Xm≥a\x

Iz XZzn-[kvXzw Iz N ]pWy-e-£Wm;

At]-£ytX km[p-P-t\\ sshZnIo

ivaim-\-iq-eky \ bq]-k-XvInbm

+∫®……i…¬ +∫…n˘“Œ∫…i……i…¬ ®…x…& x…¥…i…«™… i… u˘v…& (∫…&) C¥… …÷h™…±…I…h…… i¥…∆ S… C¥…

∫……v…÷V…x…‰x… ∂®…∂……x…∂…⁄±…∫™… ¥…Ë n˘EÚ“ ™…⁄…∫…ŒiGÚ™…… x… +…‰I™…i…‰*

Cu tbmKy-a-√mØ A`n-em-j-Øn¬\n∂v a\ v ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p-

I. A∆n-[-ap≈ Abmƒ Fhn-sS, ]pWy-e-£-W-bmb \obpw

FhnsS? km[p-P-\-Øm¬ ivaim-\-iq-e-Øn\v sshZn-I-amb bq]-

k-XvInb sNø-s∏-Sm-dn-√.

A√tbm ]m¿h-Xn, inhs\ e`n-°pI F∂ tbmKy-a-

√mØ A`n-em-j-Øn¬ \n∂v kz¥w a\- ns\ ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p-

I. ap≥]-d™ e£-W-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb lc≥ FhnsS? kakvX

]pWy-kz-cq-]-bmb \o FhnsS? km[p-P-\-ß-fm¬ bmK-]-ip-

hns\ _‘n°p∂ bq]-Øn\v \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ thtZm-‡-ß-

fmb kXvIn-b-Iƒ ivaim-\-iq-e-Øn\p sNø-s∏-Sm-dn-√-s√m.

CXn ZznPmXu ]Xn-Iq-e-hm-Zn\n

]th-]-am-\m-[-c-e-£y-tIm-]bm;

hnIp-©n-X-`p-e-X-am-lntX Xbm

hntem-Nt\ Xncy-Kp-]m-¥-tem-lntX

< i… u˘V……i……Ë |… i…E⁄Ú±…¥…… n˘ x… (∫… i…) |…¥…‰…®……x……v…Æ˙±…I™…EÚ…‰…™…… i…™…… =……xi…±……‰ Ω˛i…‰

¥…±……‰S…x…‰ ¥…E÷ÚŒ\S…i…ß…⁄E÷Ú±…i…∆ i…™…«E¬Ú +… Ω˛i…‰*

96

C]-Imcw ZznP≥ ]Xn-Iqew ]dbpw ka-Øn-¶¬ hnd-bv°p∂A[-c-Øn¬ ImW-s∏´ tIm]-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb Ah-fm¬ IS-°Æp Nph∂ IÆp-Iƒ hf™ ]pcn-I-s°m-Sn-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Spw-hÆw hne-ßs\ B°-s∏- p.

Cßs\ B ZznP≥ ]Xn-Iqew ]d-b-sh, B ]m¿hXntIm[w sIm≠p Nph∂ IS-°-Æp-I-tfmSpw hnd-bv°p∂ Np≠p-I-tfmSpw IqSn ]pcnIw Npfn-®p.

DhmN ssN\w ]c-am¿YtXm lcw

\ th’n \q\w bX Gh-am∞ amav;

Atem-I-km-am-\y-a-Nn-¥y-tl-XpIw

Zznj¥n aµm-›-cnXw alm-fl-\mav

(+l… ∫…… Bx…®…¬ =¥……S… S… i¥…®…¬) …Æ˙®……l…«i…& Ω˛Æ∆˙ x… ¥…‰Œi∫… x…⁄x…∆ ™…i…& ®……®…¬ B¥…®…¬

+…il… ®…xn˘…& +±……‰EÚ∫……®……x™…®…¬ + S…xi™…Ω‰˛i…÷E∆Ú ®…Ω˛…i®…x……∆ S… Æ˙i…∆ u˘π…Œxi…*

(A\-¥cw Ahƒ At±-l-tØmSp ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp, Aßv)icn-bmb A¿Y-Øn¬ lcs\ Adn-bp-∂n-√. \n›-bw, AXp-sIm-≠mWvFt∂mSv Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. aqV-∑m¿ temI-km-[m-c-W-a-√m-ØXpwNn¥-bv°-Xo-X-amb Imc-W-tØm-Sp-IqSnbXpw Bb alm-flm-°-fpsSNcn-XsØ Zpjn-°p-∂p.

lcs‚ alØzw hm≥ th≠-Xp-t]mse Adn-bp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. temI-km-[m-c-W-a-√m-ØXpw Nn¥-bv°-Xo-X-amb ssh -h-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb alm-flm-°-fpsS Ncn-XsØ(]-hr-Øn-I-sf) aqV≥am¿ Zpjn-°p-∂p.

hn]-Xv]-Xo-Im-c-]-tcW awKfw

\ntj-hytX `qXn-k-ap-’p-tI\ hm;

PK-—-c-Wyky \ncm-injx kXx

Inta-`n-cm-tim-]-lm-fl-hr-Øn`nx

97

¥……i|…i…“EÚ…Æ˙…Ɖh… ¶…⁄ i…∫…®…÷i∫…÷E‰Úx… ¥…… ®…R¬ÛM…±…∆ x…π…‰¥™…i…‰ V…M…SUÙÆ˙h™…∫™… x…Æ˙… ∂…π…&

∫…i…& B ¶…& +…∂……‰…Ω˛i……i®…¥…fi k… ¶…& EÚ®…¬? (|…™……‰V…x…®…¬)

hn]-Øn\p ]cn-lmcw sNø-W-sa∂p≈h-\mtem kº-Øn¬Hu’p-Iy-ap-≈-h-\mtem BWv awKfw tkhn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv PK-Øn\p ic-Wy\pw Bi-bn-√m-Ø-h\pw Bb k÷-\-Øn\vCØcw Bi-bm¬ Bflmhp \jvS-s∏´ ]hr-Øn-I-sf-s°m≠vF¥p ]tbm-P\w?

A\¿Y-߃ ]cn-l-cn-°p-hm≥ ]m¿Yn-°p-∂-ht\m [\-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn¬ XmXv]-cy-ap-≈-ht\m BWv awKfw A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Cu PK-Øn-\p-Xs∂ Ah-ew-_-am-bn-´p≈h\pw A`n-em-j-c-ln-X-\p-amb At±lw XrjvW-sIm≠pZpjn® a\- p-≈-h-cpsS CØcw ]hr-Øn-Iƒ F¥n\psNøWw?

AIn-©\x k≥ ]`hx k kw]Zmw

Xntem-I-\mYx ]nXr-k-Zva-tKm-Ncx;

k `oa-cq]x inh CXyp-Zo-cytX

\ k¥n bmYm¿Yy-hnZx ]n\m-In\x

∫…& + EÚ\S…x…& ∫…x…¬ ∫…∆…n˘…∆ |…¶…¥…& ∫…& …i…fi∫…n¬®…M……‰S…Æ˙& (∫…x…¬) j…±……‰EÚx……l…& (∫…&)

¶…“®…∞¸…& (∫…x…¬) ∂…¥… < i… =n˘“™…«i…‰ …x…… EÚx…& ™……l……l™…« ¥…n˘& x… ∫…Œxi…*

At±lw Zcn-Z-\m-bn-cns° kº-Øp-Iƒ°v DZv -h-ÿm-\-amWv. At±lwivaim-\-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂h\m-bn-cns° Xntem-I-\m-Y-\m-Wv.At±lw oa-cq-]≥ Bbn-cns° awK-f-kz-cq-]≥ F∂p ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.]n\m-In-bpsS bmYm¿Yy-a-dn-bp-∂-h¿ Bcp-an-√.

At±lw \nkz-\m-sW-¶nepw k¿h-k-º-Øp-I-fp-sSbpw

DZv`-h-ÿm-\-am-Wv. ivaim-\-hm-kn-bm-sW-¶nepw Xn`p-h-\-Øn-

98

s‚bpw \mY-\m-Wv. `oam-Im-c-\m-sW-¶nepw awK-f-kz-cq-]p-am-Ip-

∂p. lcs‚ bmYm¿Yyw Adn-bp-∂-h¿ Bcp-an-√.

hn`q-j-tWm-Zv`mkn ]n\-≤-t`mKn hm

KPm-Pn-\m-eav_n ZpIq-e-[mcn hm;

I]men hm kymZ-Y-th-µp-ti-Jcw

\ hniz-aq¿tX-c-h-[m-cytX h]px

¥…∑…®…⁄i…Ê& ¥……÷& ¥…¶…⁄π…h……‰n¬˘¶…… ∫… …x…r˘¶……‰ M… ¥…… M…V…… V…x……±…Œ®§… n÷˘E⁄Ú±…v…… Æ˙ ¥……

EÚ…… ±… ¥…… +l…¥…… <xn÷˘∂…‰J…Æ∆˙ (¥……) ∫™……i…¬ (¶…¥…∫™… ∂…Æ˙“Æ∆˙) Bi……o˘∂… ®… i… E‰Úx…… …

x… +¥…v……™…«i…‰

hniz-aq¿Øn-bpsS icocw hn`q-j-W-ß-sf-s°m≠p `mkn-°p-∂tXm k¿]-߃ sI´n-h-cn-™tXm B\-tØm-ep-Sp-ØtXm]´p-hkvXw [cn-®tXm I]m-etØmSp-Iq-Sn-btXm As√-¶n¬Nµs\ [cn-®tXm BImw. lcs‚ ico-cw C∂ ]Im-c-sa∂vBcmepw Ah-[m-cWw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.

inhs‚ icocw IS-Im-Zym- -c-W-߃sIm≠v Ae-¶-cn-°-s∏- -XmImw, k¿]-Øm¬ hebw sNø-s∏- Xpw BImw. B\-tØm-ep-Sp-Ø-Xm-Imw. ]´p-Sp-Ø-Xp-am-Imw, Xe-tbmSp [cn-®-Xm-Imw, Nµ-Ie [cn-®Xpw BImw. F∂m¬ hniz-aq¿Øn-bmb`Khms‚ icocw C∂ ]Im-c-amWv F∂v hyh-t—-Zn-®-dn-bp-hm≥ Bcmepw km[y-a-√.

XZ-MvK-kw-k¿K-a-hm]y Iev]tX

[phw NnXm- -kva-ctPm hnip-≤tb;

XYm ln \rØym- n-\-b-In-bm-NypXw

hnen-]ytX auen-`n-c-av_-cu-I-kmav

99

i…n˘R¬ÛM…∫…∆∫…M…«®…¬ +¥……™… S…i……¶…∫®…Æ˙V…& (+ …) w…÷¥…∆ ¥…∂…÷r˘™…‰ EÚ±…i…‰ i…l…… Ω˛

x…fii™…… ¶…x…™… GÚ™……S™…÷i…®…¬ (i…i…¬ S…i……¶…∫®…Æ˙V…&) +®§…Æ˙…ËEÚ∫……∆ ®……Ë ±…¶…“& ¥… ±…™…i…‰*

At±-l-Øns‚ AwK-kw-k¿Kw e`n-®n´v NnXm-`-kva-c-P- p-

t]mepw \n›-b-ambpw hnip-≤n°p Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. AXp-

sIm-≠m-Wt√m \rXym- n-\-b-In-b-bm¬ NypX-amb B NnXm- -kva-c-P v

tZh-∑m-cpsS inc- p-I-fm¬ hnte]\w sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

hniz-aq¿Øn-bmb inhs‚ tZl-hp-am-bp≈ kº¿°-

Øm¬ NpS-e-®m-º¬ \n›-b-ambpw ]hn-X-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. AXp-

sIm-≠t√ \S-cm-Ps‚ \rØ-th-f-bn¬ sImgn-™p-ho-gp∂ B

NpS-e-®m-º¬ Cµm-Zn-tZ-h-Iƒ inc- p-sIm≠v G‰p-hm-ßp-∂-Xv.

Akw-]-Z-kvXky hrtjW K—Xx

]`n-∂-Zn-Kzm-c-W-hm-lt\m hrjm;

ItcmXn ]mZm-hp-]-Kay auen\m

hn\n-Z-a-µmcctPmf-cpWmMvKpeo

|… ¶…z… n˘M¥……Æ˙h…¥……Ω˛x…& ¥…fiπ…… +∫…®…n˘& ¥…fiπ…‰h… M…SUÙi…& i…∫™… ……n˘…Ë =…M…®™… ®……Ë ±…x……

(x…®…∫EfiÚi™…) ¥… x…p˘®…xn˘…Æ˙Æ˙V……‰f Ø˚h……R¬ÛM…÷±…“ EÚÆ˙…‰ i…*

aZ-an-f-Inb Zn§Pw hml-\-am-bn- p≈ Cµ≥ kº-Øn-√m-Ø-h\pw

Imf-∏p-dØp k©-cn-°p-∂-h\pw Bb At±-l-Øns‚ Ccp-]m-

Z-ßsf ASp-Øp-sN∂v auen-bm¬ \a-kvI-cn-®n´v hnS¿∂ aµm-

c-∏q-°-fpsS tcWp-°-sf-s°m≠v Nph∂ hnc-ep-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-

Xm-°p-∂p.

aZn® sFcm-h-X-Øns‚ ]pd-Øp-I-bdn k©-cn-°p∂

Cµ≥, \nkz\pw hrj-hm-l-\-\p-sa∂v \nß-fm¬ Bt£-]n-°-

s∏´ i¶-cs‚ kao-]-Øp-sN∂v At±-l-Øns‚ ]mZ-ßsf ]W-

100

an-°p-∂p. At∏mƒ Cµs‚ auen-bn¬ AWn-™n- p≈ aµm-c-

]p-jv]-ß-fnse tcWp-°ƒ sIm≠v inhs‚ ]mZ-ß-fnse hnc-

ep-Iƒ Acp-Wm-`-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.

hnh-£Xm tZmj-a]n NypXm-fl\m

Xzssb-I-aoiw ]Xn km[p `mjn-Xav;

bam-a-\-¥ym-fl-`p-thmf]n ImcWw

IYw k e£y-]- thm `hn-jyXn

S™…÷i……i®…x…… n˘…‰π…∆ ¥…¥…I…i…… + … i¥…™…… <«∂…∆ |… i… ¶…… π…i…®…¬ BE∆Ú ∫……v…÷ ™…®…¬ +…i®…¶…÷¥…&

+ … EÚ…Æ˙h…®…¬ +…®…x…Œxi… (i……o˘∂…&) ∫…& EÚl…∆ ±…I™…|…¶…¥…& ¶… ¥…π™… i…

Bfl-t_m[w \in-®-h\pw tZmjw amXw ]d-bp-hm-\m-K-ln-®-

h\pw Bb \nß-fm¬ Cui-s\-∏‰n ]d-b-s∏´ H∂v km[p-hm-

Wv. bmsXm-cp-hs\ _“m-hn-\p-t]mepw Imc-W-ambn F√m-hcpw

Icp-Xp∂p Aß-s\-bp≈ At±lw Fßs\ e£y-]- -h-\mbn

`hn-°pw.

Bfl-t_m[w \in-®-Xp-Im-cWw tZmjw amXw ]d-bp-

hm≥ XmXv]-cy-ap≈ \n߃ ]d-™-Xn¬ Hcp Imcyw kXyw

Xs∂. bmsXmcp Cuiz-cs\ _“m-hn-\p-IqSn Imc-W- q-X-\mbn

Ghcpw Icp-Xp-∂pthm BZy-¥-c-ln-X-\mb At±-l-Øns‚

]ndhn Fßs\ Adn-bm-\mIpw?

Aew hnhm-tZ\ bYm ipX-kvXzbm

XYm-hn-[-kvXm-h-Z-ti-j-akvXp kx;

aamX `mssh-I-ckw a\x ÿnXw

\ Ima-hr-Øn¿h-N-\o-b-ao-£tX

101

¥…¥……n‰˘x… +±…®…¬ ∫…& i¥…™…… ™…l…… ∏…÷i…& +∂……‰‰π…∆ i……¥…i…¬ i…l…… ¥…v…& +∫i…÷ ®…®… ®…x…&

+j… ¶……¥…ËEÚÆ˙∫…∆ Œ∫l…i…∆ EÚ…®…¥…fi k…& ¥…S…x…“™…∆ x… <«I…i…‰*

hnhmZw th≠ At±lw Xm¶-fm¬ Fßs\ tIƒ°-s∏- pthm

Ah apgp-h≥ B hn[-Øn-ep-≈-h-\m-bn-Øs∂ Ccn-°-s´. Fs‚

a\ v Ct±-l-Øn¬ A\p-cm-K-am-Ip∂ Htc-sbmcp ck-tØm-Sp-IqSn ÿnX-am-Wv. kz¥w CjvSw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h≥ A]-hm-

ZsØ KWn-°m-dn-√.

Cuiz-c-kw-_-‘n-bmb Cu hnhm-Z-Øn¬ F\n°v XmXv]-

cy-an-√. B k¿th-i-s\-°p-dn®v \n߃ Fß-s\-bmtWm tI´n-´p-≈Xv F√mw Aß-s\-Xs∂ Bbn-s°m-≈-s´. Fs‚ a\ v

At±-l-Øn¬Øs∂ Dd® A`n-em-j-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-Wv. kzX-

¥-_p≤n temIm-]-hm-ZsØ KWn-°m-dn-√.

\nhm-cy-Xm-amfn Ina-]ybw hSpx

]p\¿hn-h£px kv^pcn-tXm-Ø-cm-[cx;

\ tIhew tbm al-tXm-f]- m-jtX

irtWmXn Xkvam-Z]n bx k ]m]- mIv

(Ω‰) +… ≥˝ +™…∆ ¥…]÷ı& …÷x…& EÚ®… … ¥…¥…I…÷& ∫°÷Ú Æ˙i……‰k…Æ˙…v…Æ˙& (¶…¥… i…) x…¥……™…«i……®…¬

™…& ®…Ω˛i…& +…¶……π…i…‰ (∫… B¥…) x… E‰Ú¥…±…∆ i…∫®……i…¬ ™…& ∏…÷h……‰ i… ∫…& + … ………¶……E¬Ú

(¶…¥… i…)*

A√tbm tXmgn Cu _“-Nmcn ho≠pw Fs¥m-s°bm ]d-

bp-hm-\m-K-ln--®p-sIm≠v Np≠p-Iƒ A\-°p-∂-h\mbn `hn-°p-

∂p. XS-b-s∏-´mepw bmsXm-cp-h≥ alm-∑m-sc-°p-dn®v A]-`m-

jWw \S-Øp-∂pthm Ah≥ amX-a-√, Ah-\n¬ \n∂v GsXm-

cp-h≥ tIƒ°p-∂pthm Ah\pw ]m]- m-°m-Ip-∂p.

102

A√tbm tXmgn, Cu _“-Nmcn C\n-bp-sa-t¥m ]d-bp-hm≥ XpS-ßp-∂p. bmsXm-cp-h≥ ]qPysc A]-h-Zn-°p-∂pthmAh≥ amX-a-√, B A]-hmZw tI´p-\n¬°p-∂-h\pw ]m]- m-°m-Ipw. AXp-sIm≠v A]- m-j-tWm-Zy-a-Øn¬ \n∂pw AbmsfXS-bp-I.

CtXm Kan-jym-ay-Y-thXn hmZn\o

NNme _mem kvX\- n-∂-h-evIem;

kzcq-]-am-ÿmb N Xmw IrX-kvanXx

kam-e-ewt_ hrj-cm-P-tI-X\x

+l…¥…… (+Ω˛®…¬) <i…& M… ®…π™…… ®… < i… ¥…… n˘x…“ §……±…… ∫i…x… ¶…z…¥…±EÚ±……* S…S……±…¥…fiπ…Æ˙…V…E‰Úi…x…& ∫¥…∞¸…®…¬ +…∫l……™… EfiÚi…Œ∫®…i…&(∫…x…¬) i……∆ ∫…®……±…±…®§…‰ S…*

As√-¶n¬ Rm≥ Chn-sS-\n∂p t]mImw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-h-fmb _me kvX\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw hevIew `n∂-am-I-Ø-°-h-fmbn Nen®p hrj-cm-P-tI-X-\≥ kz¥w cq]sØ ]q≠v]p©ncn s]mgn®v Ahsf ]nSn-®p-\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

As√-¶n¬ Cuiz-cs\ A]-h-Zn-°p∂ Cu Bfns‚ kao-]-Øp-\n∂pw Rm≥ Xs∂ t]mtb-°mw F∂p ]d-™p-sIm≠vkvX\-ß-fnse hevIew `n∂-am-Ipw-hn[w Ahƒ \S-∂p.At∏mƒ inh-\m-I-s´, _“-Nm-cn-bpsS thjw Dt]-£n®vkz¥w cq]w ssIs°m≠v ]p©ncn XqIp∂ apJ-hp-ambn ]m¿h-Xnsb ]nSn-®p-\n¿Øn.

Xw ho£y th]-Yp-aXo kc-km-MvK-b-jvSn¿˛

\nt£-]-Wmb ]Z-ap-≤r-X-ap-Zz-l¥o;

am¿Km-N-e-hy-Xn-I-cm-Ip-en-tXh kn‘px

ssiem-[n-cm-P-X-\bm \ bbu \ Xÿu

i…∆ ¥…“I™… ¥…‰…l…÷®…i…“ ∂…˱…… v…Æ˙…V…i…x…™…… x…I…‰…h……™… =n¬v…fii…®…¬ …n˘®…¬ (i…l…Ë¥…) =u˘Ω˛xi…“

∫…Æ˙∫……R¬ÛM…™…Œπ]ı& ®……M……«S…±…¥™… i…EÚÆ˙…E÷Ú ±…i…… ∫…xv…÷& <¥… x… ™…™……Ë x… i…∫l……Ë*

103

At±-lsØ I≠n´v hnd-]q-≠-h-fmb ]¿h-X-]pXn \nt£-]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Db¿Ønb ]mZsØ A]-Imcw Xs∂ Db¿Øn-\n¬°p∂hfmbn hnb¿Ø ico-c-tØm-Sp-IqSn hgn-bnse]¿hXw (K-Xn) XS-™-Xp-sIm≠v BIp-e-bm-bn-Øo¿∂ \ZnF∂-t]mse t]mbn-√, ÿnXn sNbvXp-an-√.

At±-lsØ I≠v hnd-]q≠p hnb¿Ø ]m¿hXn t]mIm≥Db¿Ønb NphSp \neØp hbv°m-\m-ImsX hgn XS™ aeImcWw Hgp°p apS-ßn-°p-g-ßp∂ ]pg-bpsS Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn. Ahƒ H´p-t]m-bn-√, F∂m¬ \n∂-Xp-an-√.

AZy-]- r-Xy-h-\-XmMvKn Xhmkvan Zmkx

IoX-kvX-t]m- n-cnXn hmZn\n Nµ-aueu;

A”mb km \nb-aPw ¢a-ap-’-k¿P

t¢ix ^te\ ln ]p\¿\-hXmw hn[tØ

+¥…x…i……R¬Û M… +t |…¶…fi i… i…¥… i………‰ ¶…& GÚ“i…& n˘…∫…& (+Ω˛®…¬) +Œ∫®… < i…

S…xp˘®……˱……Ë ¥…… n˘ x… (∫… i…) ∫…… +ºx……™… x…™…®…V…∆ C±…®…®…¬ =i∫…∫…V…« Ω˛ C±…‰∂…&

°Ú±…‰x… …÷x…& x…¥…i……∆ ¥…v…k…‰*

A√tbm kpµcn C∂p-ap-X¬ \ns‚ X]- p-I-fm¬ hmß-s∏´Zmk-\m-Ip∂p Rm≥ F∂p Nµ-ti-J-c≥ ]dbpw ka-b-Øn-¶¬ Ahƒ s]s´∂v hXm-\p-jvTm-\-Øm¬ D≠mb £oWsØDt]-£n-®p. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ t¢iw ^ew sIm≠v ]n∂oSv]pXp-asb ]m]n-°p-∂p.

A√tbm kpµ-cn, C∂p-ap-X¬ h-Xn-bpsS Xt]m-\p-jvTm-\-Øm¬ hmß-s∏´ Zmk-\m-bn-cn-°p∂p Rm≥ F∂ atl-iz-cs‚ hN\w tI´n´v ]m¿hXn X]-›-c-W-Øm-ep-≠mb t¢iwDt]-£n-®p. Fs¥-∂m¬ t¢iw AXp kln-°p∂ Bfn\vDt∑-jm-Zn-I-fm¬ ]pXpa D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p.

104

bqWn‰v IV

MCQ

E÷Ú®……Æ˙∫…∆¶…¥…&

105

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