SandvikCreusabro 4000

Creusabro 4000 - Ed 26.02.2001 - Page 1

CREUSABRO® 4000(P)

A high wear resistant steel

CREUSABRO 4000 is a high wear resistant steel, offering a 30% extra in service life

compared to a conventional 400 HB water quenched.

Improved properties of CREUSABRO 4000 are the result of the combination of an

enriched analysis (chromium and molybdenum) and specific heat treatment procedures.

More than hardness, the wear resistance of CREUSABRO 4000 is based on:

• a very fine distribution of chromium and molybdenum microcarbides reinforcing the

microstructure with the same principal as composite materials.

• a very efficient work hardening capability in service, coming from a metallurgic effect

called “TRIP effect” (TRansformation Induced by Plasticity).

Together with its high wear properties, CREUSABRO 4000 exhibits very good aptitude to

processing. Especially, the limited hardness in delivery condition, strongly facilitates

processing operations like cutting, machining and forming.

Application markets of CREUSABRO 4000 are: mines, quarries, cement industries, steel

making, public works - It can be used in all environments, sliding, impact abrasion, in dry,

wet or hot conditions (350°C max).

STANDARD

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

MECHANICALPROPERTIES

Guaranteed values (As delivered)

Hardness: 340/400 HB

Toughness: KCVL -20°C ≥ 30 J/cm2

® Trademark registered by USINOR INDUSTEEL(P) Grade patented by USINOR INDUSTEEL

CREUSABRO 4000

Guaranteed values (Weight %)

C Mn Ni Cr Mo S

≤ 0.20 ≥ 0.90 ≈ 0.20 ≥ 0.85 ≥ 0.15 ≤ 0.005

Indicative values (As delivered)

Hardness YS 0.2 UTS El. KCVL-20°C E

HB MPa MPa % J/Cm2 GPa

370 900 1200 12 45 205


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

METALLURGICAL CONCEPT

Hot mechanical properties (indicative values)

YS Mpa UTS Mpa

200°C 400°C 500°C 200°C 400°C 500°C

940 800 660 1160 1030 790

Expansion coefficient (x 10-6.°C-1)

20/100°C 20/200°C 20/300°C 20/400°C 20/500°C

12.2 12.8 12.5 13.8 13.9

Abrasion resistance is not exclusively connected to the hardness of thesteel in delivered condition. Its components and its structure stronglyinfluence its performance. Chemical balance and manufacturingprocesses of CREUSABRO 4000 impart a metallurgical structure to thesteel which strongly improves its wear resistance through the followingproperties.

In service work hardening thanks to TRIP effectWhen entering into service,

CREUSABRO 4000 takes

advantage of a surface hardening

effect of about 70 HB, whatever

the applied strain level is (impact,

pressure...)

“TRIP effect”: TRansformation Induced by Plasticity

CREUSABRO 4000, due to its initial structure containing retained austenite, has the capability to work-hardenin service under the action of local plastic deformations.

These plastic deformations create a hardening effect by transformation of retained austenite into very hardfresh martensite.

TRIP effect also contributes to the delay of chip removal from the steel under the action of abrasive particles.

The steel consequently becomes harder and remains very resistant to wear by chip removal.

Fine dispersion of micro carbides

The fine structure of CREUSABRO 4000 is obtained by a fine dispersion of micro-carbides.

This structure is just the opposite of the rough acicular lamellar structure typical of 400HB water quenched steels.

In water quenched steel, cracking along lamellas leads easily to the chip removal effect under the action of abrasion.


PROPERTIES AT HIGH

TEMPERATURE

This effect is strongly reduced in CREUSABRO4000 which does not have this lamellar structure.

More over, this fine dispersion of carbidesreinforces the steel and works in combinationwith the work hardening effect to delay chipremoval in service.

400 HB Water quenched CR 4000 MicrostructureMicrostructureSummary

400HB water quenchedConventional routePassive material

• Low alloyed steel

• Water quenching

• 100% martensitic lamellar structure

Wear resistance just connected to deliveredhardness. Steel suffers from crack propagationalong lamellas.

Creusabro 4000Innovative routeActive material

• Specific additions of alloying elements

• Controlled cooling (heat treatment)

• Structure: martensite + retained austenite + micro-carbides

Transformation of retained austenite into freshmartensite under abrasive effect

Fine micro-carbides, homogeneously dispersed

Resistance to wear and chip removal effect, dueto combined actions of hardness, TRIP effect, andmicro-carbides.

Chemical analysis of CREUSABRO 4000, specifically its chromium andmolybdenum contents, imparts a high softening resistance in hotconditions, much better than that of 400HB water quenched steel.

This property allows processing of the steel in hot conditions(450/500°C), hot forming for example, and cooling down in air withoutinducing any significant drop of hardness.

The hot resistance ofCREUSABRO 4000 allows its

use in hot environments wherepieces are heated up to

350°C max.


Whatever the service conditions are, the specific metallurgical conceptof CREUSABRO 4000 leads to an improvement of its performance,compared to other grades available on the market.

SERVICE LIFE

FIELD-TESTS

Creusabro 4000Creusabro 4000 Creusabro 4000

StandardHB400

StandardHB400

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S355 S355 S355

Service life Service life Service life

Comparative service life; reference is the service life of S355 steel in quartzenvironment (≈ value 1)

Environments Plate Service life(Abrasives) Application thickness (compared to

400 HB steel)

Coal mines(shales 0/150mm + water) Drew-boy plates 10 mm + 33%Public - works (various soils) Wheel excavator blades 15 mm + 30%Quarries (Siliceous limestone 0/80mm) Bottom chute 10 mm +50%Cement industry(wet chalk 0/200mm) Trommel screen / feed plates 20 mm +67%Steel industry(iron ore 0/8 mm) Discharge plates 25 mm + 30%Gravels(fresh concrete +granulates 0/20mm) Mixing blades 20 mm + 25%

Many field tests have been performed, which confirm the highperformance of CREUSABRO 4000 compared to 400HB waterquenched steels.


PROCESSINGCutting

All classical thermal processes (gas-plasma-laser) can be used. Plasma/laser processes are especiallyrecommended. They provide better precision and cutting aspects and induce a thinner Heat Affected Zone (HAZ).

Whatever process (thermal) is used, the following conditions are sufficient to avoid cold cracking:

Plate temperature Thicknesses ≤ 60 mm Thicknesses > 60mm

≥ 10°C No preheating Preheating: 150°C

< 10°C All thicknesses: Preheating 150°C

Water jet cutting can be used.

Machining

Drilling and milling operations can be done by utilising Sandvik Coromant drills and inserts.

Drilling recommendations for solid carbide, brazed carbide and indexable inserts are included in the tablebelow.

For additional machining data please contact your local Sandvik Coromant representative.

Drilling recommendations

Creusabro 4000 Cutting Speed Drill Dia. Feed per Rev.m/min. (mm)

Solid Carbide 50-70 Ø 3-6 0.05-0.09Ø 6.01-10 0.08-0.12Ø 10.01-14 0.08-0.14Ø 14.01-20 0.1-0.18

Brazed Carbide 50-70 Ø 10-14 0.1-0.15Ø 14.01-17 0.12-0.18Ø 17.01-30 0.15-0.25

Indexable Carbide 100-150 Ø 12.7-20 0.04-0.08Ø 21-30 0.05-0.12Ø 31-58 0.06-0.14


PROCESSING

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FormingCold forming can be done as long as the following conditions are met:

• edge preparation by grinding to remove flame cutting heterogeneities

• minimum internal bending radius (table below)

• plate temperature at 10°C minimum

Internal bending radius (min.) R ≥ 4th

Die opening V (mini) V ≥ 12th

According to the above parameters, bending strength depends onbending length, piece thickness, die opening...

Thickness Bending strength per metermm (Tons/m)

10 150

20 350

Above table gives indicative power needed to bend for a die opening of12 times the thickness.

Rolling shall be performed in following conditions.Øi ≥ 30 th (temperature of the piece ≥ 10°C)

CREUSABRO 4000 can be formed at a temperature of 450/500°Cwithout any further heat treatment. At this temperature, forming requirelower power than at room temperature, proportionally to the reductionof its yield strength YS 0,2.

For thickness up to 15mm, it is possible to perform hot forming within therange 870/1000°C followed by air cooling without impairing steelproperties.


Without pre-heating Pre-post heatingat 75˚C

Pre-post heatingat 125˚C

Welding processHeat input

(kj/mm)

Pre/Postheating conditions:Combined thickness (mm)

30 40 50 60 70 80 90

1

2

3

Solid wire with gas(GMAW)

Manual or fluxcores wire welding(SMAW or FCAW)

Submerged arcwelding (SAW)

1.5

3.0

1.0

2.0

2.0

3.0

t1 t2

Comb. t = t1 + t2

Comb. t = 2xt'1 + t'2+t'3

t'2 t'3

t'1

Combined thickness calculation

WeldingCREUSABRO 4000 can be welded with all classical processes: manual, semi-automatic under gas protection,automatic under flux.

For welds non subjected to wear, following welding products can be used.

Processes AWS

Manual Coated electrode AWS 5-1Class E7016or 7018

Semi-automatic Under gas AWS A-5-18Class ER70S4or ER 70S6

AWS-5-20Class ER 71T1

For welds subjected to wear, ask us for the best choice of welding consumables.

Welded areas should be clean, free of grease, water, oxides,...

Electrodes and flux shall be stoved according to supplier’s recommendations.

Following preheating conditions shall be respected (for welded structure without excessive stresses).


APPLICATIONS

DIMENSIONALPROGRAM

FOR FURTHERINFORMATION

• Quarries - Public worksBlades, bucket liners, chute plate liners, crusher lateral armouring,screens, dumper bodies, trommels, ...

• MinesExtraction equipment, conveyor bottom plates, hoppers, helicalgravity and screw conveyors, skips, ventilators, discharge plates, ...

• Cement plantsWheel excavator buckets, crusher lateral shields, clinker chutes,buckets, ventilators, dust separators, bagging machines...

• Steel plantsGuiding plates, hoppers, chutes, discharge plates, scrap containers /charging boxes ...

Thicknesses 3mm to 150 mm

Standard sizes 1500 x 3000 mm2000 x 6000 mm2500 x 8000 mm

Other dimensions available on request

NOTE:

1. This technical data and information represents our best knowledge atthe time of printing. However, it may be subject to some slight variationsdue to our ongoing research programme on abrasion resistant grades.

We therefore suggest that information be verified at time of enquiry ororder.

Furthermore, in service, real conditions are specific for each application.The data presented here is only for the purpose of description, and mayonly be considered as guarantees when our company has given writtenformal approval.

2. Creusabro 4000: Application range.

Creusabro 4000 has been developed specifically for its abrasionresistance.

In addition to the recommendations given in this document, Customerwill have to follow the Industry standard quality rules for any processingoperation performed on this material.

Further information may be obtained from the following address.

Sandvik Steel Head Office

Cnr Warren & Percival Roads, Smithfield NSW

Sales Head Office

• Tel: 02 9828 0635/0644 • Fax: 02 9828 0605

Contact: Mark Young, Ron Carmichael or your local sales representative

Material Development

• Tel:+33 385 80 5537 / 5162 • Fax:+33 385 80 5966

Contact: Guy Baron - Usinor Industeel

Documents

SandvikCreusabro 4000