8/18/2019 Sandhi Chart Color

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Vowel Sandhi

Final VowelsInitialVowels

Sandhi RulesSimple Vowels Complex Vowels

a/ā Ȼ ȼ ṛ e o ai au

ā   ya va ra  e’ o’ ā a  āva  a • homorani! simple vowels → lon• a/ā " other simple vowel → u#a o$ latter• a/ā " u#a / vṛddhi → vṛddhi o$ latter• non%a/ā simple vowel → its semivowel //

dissimilar vowel

• e / o a&sor& $ollowin a • e / o → a // any non%a vowel• ai → ā // any vowel• au → āv // any vowel

ā   yā vā rā  a ā  ā ā  āvā  ā 

e  '   vȻ rȻ  a Ȼ  ā Ȼ  āvȻ   Ȼ 

o  yȼ  ( rȼ a ȼ ā ȼ āvȼ  ȼ

ar  yṛ vṛ ) a ṛ ā ṛ āvṛ ṛ

ai ye ve re a e ā e āve e

 yai vai rai a ai ā ai āvai ai

au yo vo ro a o ā o āvo o

 yau vau rau a au ā au āvau au

Consonant Sandhi

*ermitted Final +etters Initial+etters

Sandhi Rules, - p . m t n ā a

, - p

. 0

t n ā a , / ,h

 1 n v o i    !  e  d  

• m → 0 // any !onsonant• t → homorani! stop // stop o$ si&ilant vara / 2• 2 → !h a$ter t or n• n → 0 " homorani! si&ilant // %V s3s3v3• n → homorani! nasal // "V s3s3v3 or 2• → homorani! si&ilant // %V s3s3v3

! 02 2 ā2 a2 ! / !h

- 04 4 ā4 a4 - / -h

t 0s s ās as t / th

t n

ā a

p / ph

!5 !h 6 75 !h 6 2

t n 4 / s

  8 &

d n

r

ā o

  / h

 V o i    !  e  d  

• %V stop → "V // "V• stop → own nasal // any nasal• h → homorani! stop a$ter non%nasal stop• nasal dou&led a$ter short vowel // any vowel• m → 0 // any !onsonant• t → homorani! stop // stop o$ si&ilant vara / 2• t → l // l• n → homorani! nasal // "V s3s3v3 or 2• n → 0l // l• 5a$ter any vowel &ut a/ā6 → r // "V• 5 → r 6 → 9 // r: lenthens pre!edin short vowel• ā → ā // "V

• a → o // "V; $ollowin 8 # 8 / 8h

d

n

d / dh

d & / &h

. # m n n / m

  8 &

d  y / v 

d 9@ r

l 0l

r

l

 5  h 6 85 8h 6 &5 &h 6 d5 dh 6 n h

  8 & ./..@m

d n/nn@ o / a @  vowels

, - p . t n ā a Aero

  Bey otes

 → &e!omes Dhe spa!e &etween vowels represents a hiatusE te " āsan ta āsan / त   े + आसन ्  = त आसन् // &e$ore Gx!eptionsE

%V unvoi!ed visara $rom oriinal