Sample Mastery Questions Test 1

Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A

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Sample Mastery Questions Test 1

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. A population refers toa. a portion of a group about which data are being collectedb. the number of individuals in a groupc. the entire group about which data are being collectedd. the number of individuals within a given category

____ 2. Simone surveys her class to determine the number of siblings for each student. The most appropriate method for displaying her data would be aa. broken-line graph c. stem-and-leaf plotb. histogram d. bar graph

____ 3.

For the data represented in the above box-and-whisker plot, the median of the upper half of the data isa. 17 c. 24b. 21 d. 27

____ 4. A bar graph is most appropriate for describinga. the frequency distribution of discrete datab. the frequency distribution of continuous datac. changes of data over timed. the median of a set of data

____ 5. A set of data has values ranging from 420 to 2150. The most appropriate spread for a class interval isa. 50 c. 200b. 173 d. 800

____ 6. In a sample of 50 high school students, 15 said that math was their favourite subject. If these data were represented in a circle graph, the corresponding sector angle would bea. 15° c. 54°b. 30° d. 108°

____ 7. A broken-line graph is best used to describea. the frequency of a data category c. the spread of datab. trends of the data over time d. the percentage of data in each category

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 8. A census gathers information froma. a specific group within a population c. a random sample of a populationb. all individuals in a population d. the population over many years

____ 9. A graph in which data are organized into equal class intervals along the horizontal axis is aa. pictograph c. bar graphb. broken-line graph d. histogram

____ 10. In a stem-and-leaf plot, the leaves represent thea. frequency of a data categoryb. final digits of the values in a data categoryc. initial digits of a data categoryd. average of the data values

____ 11. The following pictograph depicts the population of selected provinces.

Province Population

Ontario

Quebec

B.C.

Nova Scotia

Which of the following statements can be concluded?a. the population of Quebec is 700 000b. Nova Scotia is the least populated province in Canadac. the population of Ontario is approximately double that of B.C.d. the population of Quebec is increasing

____ 12. The median of a set of data refers to thea. average of all data valuesb. data value with the greatest frequencyc. spread of the data valuesd. middle term in the frequency distribution

____ 13. A class interval refers toa. a division used for grouping a set of observationsb. the range of ages among a group of studentsc. the number of categories within a group of datad. the spread of values within an individual category

____ 14. A frequency table is used toa. represent data in a graphical formatb. list variables and their frequenciesc. analyze the change in frequencies over timed. illustrate the median and spread of a set of data

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 15. In a circle graph, the sum of the sector angles isa. 360° c. 180°b. 100° d. the sum of the frequencies

____ 16. A split-bar graph can be used toa. compare category frequencies of different gendersb. compare category frequencies for different yearsc. compare category frequencies for different locationsd. all of the above

____ 17. A causal relationship means thata. two variables have a positive correlationb. two variables have a negative correlationc. two variables are unrelatedd. one variable directly affects another

____ 18. The following graph summarizes scoring by different positions on a hockey team.

Which of the following is not a valid conclusion?a. there were fewer goals than assistsb. defense scored fewer points than forwardsc. the defense had a higher ratio of goals to assistsd. the defense had fewer assists than the forwards

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 19. The following graph illustrates participation in various sports by students at a high school.

Which sport has the greatest proportion of females?a. football c. basketballb. swimming d. gymnastics

____ 20. Jason has a theory that left-handed golfers are better than right-handed golfers. He records the scores of several players and displays the results in the following graph.

Which of the following statements is not true?a. there were more right-handed golfers than left-handed golfersb. left-handed golfers shot a lower percentage of above par scores than right-handed golfersc. right-handed golfers shot a lower percentage of above par scores than left-handed golfersd. right-handed golfers scored above par more often than par or lower

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 21. The following graph illustrates the trends in urban vs. rural population in Canada.

Which of the following conclusions can be made?a. the total population is staying the sameb. the rural population is decreasingc. soon there will be no rural population d. the percentage of the urban population is increasing

____ 22. Students at a high school were asked which was their favourite subject. The results are shown in the following graph.

Which subject is most popular among female students?a. Music c. Scienceb. Phys-Ed d. English

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 23. The owner of a video store has tracked the average number of weekly VHS and DVD rentals. The results are shown in the following graph.

Which of the following statements is true?a. the total number of rentals is decliningb. there are more DVD rentals than VHS rentalsc. the number of VHS rentals is decreasingd. the proportion of VHS rentals is decreasing

____ 24. Samantha surveys the students in her class and finds that the average math mark of females is higher than that of males. She concludes that females are better in math than males. Samantha's study is flawed becausea. she did not ask for the students' marks in other coursesb. her sample size was not large enoughc. she did not say how much higher was the females’ average markd. she did not draw a graph

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 25. What conclusion is valid based on the above data?a. a person's educational achievement is independent of their parents'b. a person's educational achievement is usually the same as their parents'c. having smart parents makes you smartd. there is a correlation between the educational achievement of parents and their children

____ 26. Lisa asked the students in her class if they played basketball and also if they played volleyball. Her results are summarized below.

Which of the following conclusions is valid?a. students who play basketball are not likely to play volleyballb. more students play basketball than volleyballc. students who play volleyball are likely to also play basketballd. there is no correlation between playing basketball and volleyball

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 27. Students were asked whether or not they enjoyed math class and English class. The results are shown in the following graph.

Which of the following conclusions is not valid?a. most students enjoy mathb. most students enjoy Englishc. students who enjoy math are less likely to enjoy English than those who do not enjoy mathd. there is no correlation between enjoying math and English

____ 28. Students at a high school were asked if they ever rode a bicycle to school. The results are shown in the following graph.

Which of the following conclusions is valid?a. most males ride a bicycle to schoolb. females are less likely to bike to schoolc. males are less likely to bike to schoold. there is no relationship between gender and biking to school

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 29. Students were asked whether they would prefer a cat or a dog for a pet. The results are shown in the following graph.

Which of the following conclusions is valid?a. females are more likely to prefer cats over dogsb. most students prefer catsc. males and females are equally likely to prefer dogsd. there is no correlation between gender and pet preference

____ 30. Carrie conducted a survey to determine if there is a relationship between reading for pleasure and doing well in English class.

Which of the following conclusions is not valid?a. most students read for pleasureb. most students do well in Englishc. there is no correlation between reading for pleasure and doing well in Englishd. students who read for pleasure are more likely to do well in English

____ 31. Which of the following is not true about a dependent variable?a. a dependent variable is determined from the independent variableb. a dependent variable is represented on the vertical axis of a graphc. a dependent variable represents the frequency of the independent variabled. a dependent variable may take on the same value for 2 different data points

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 32. In the following graph, what type of correlation is indicated?

a. strong positive c. weak positiveb. strong negative d. weak negative

____ 33. In the following graph, what type of correlation is indicated?

a. strong positive c. weak positiveb. strong negative d. weak negative

____ 34. The variables student height and grade in mathematics havea. a positive correlation c. an inverse correlationb. a negative correlation d. no correlation

____ 35. Two variables have a strong negative correlation. Which of the following statements is not true?a. the dependent variable decreases as the independent variable increasesb. the trend of the data exhibits an irregular declinec. the line of best fit has a negative sloped. most data points lie close to the line of best fit

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 36. A line of best fita. must pass through the originb. must pass through the median of the datac. must have a positive sloped. represents the trend of the data

____ 37. The median-median linea. only passes through key points based on mediansb. passes through the median x-value and median y-value of the datac. is another name for the line of best fitd. is used when there is no correlation between the variables

____ 38. The amount of time spent studying for a math test and the mark achieved would most likely exhibita. a positive correlation c. no correlationb. a negative correlation d. a dependent trend

____ 39. A pattern of average behaviour that occurs over time isa. a positive correlation c. a trendb. a dependent variable d. a line of best fit

____ 40. The horizontal axis usually represents thea. time c. dependent variableb. frequency d. independent variable

____ 41. If two variables have no correlationa. the line of best fit has a slope of zerob. a median-median line must be used to predict trendsc. the line of best fit has a negative sloped. the points on a scatter plot appear to be random

____ 42. What type of correlation would exist between the number of hotdogs that a vendor sells and the price charged per hotdog?a. positive correlation c. no correlationb. negative correlation d. quadratic correlation

____ 43. What type of correlation would exist between a person's height and her or his stride length?a. positive correlation c. no correlationb. negative correlation d. inverse correlation

____ 44. Two variables have a weak negative correlation. Which of the following statements is most accurate?a. the line of best fit must have a small positive slopeb. the line of best fit must have a small negative slopec. the data points lie very close to the line of best fitd. many data points do not lie very close to the line of best fit

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 45. What type of correlation exists in the following scatter plot?

a. weak positive c. weak negativeb. strong positive d. strong negative

____ 46. The regression associated with a set of dataa. is always linearb. is always quadraticc. may be linear or quadraticd. may be modelled with any type of function

____ 47. Two variables have a correlation coefficient of r = 0.9. This indicatesa. a strong positive correlation c. a strong negative correlationb. a weak positive correlation d. a weak negative correlation

____ 48. If two variables have no correlation, their correlation coefficient would have a value ofa. +1 c. 100b. −1 d. 0

____ 49. Two variables have a coefficient of determination of 0.64. The correlation coefficient could bea. −0.64 c. −0.8b. 0.41 d. 0.36

____ 50. A relationship in which all data values lie on the regression line has a correlation coefficient ofa. 1 c. −1b. 0 d. +1 or −1

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 51. The regression line shown would have a correlation coefficient closest to

a. +1 c. −1b. 0.5 d. 0

____ 52. For the regression line shown, the coefficient of determination would be closest to

a. +1 c. −1b. 0 d. 0.25

____ 53. The residuals for a set of data represent thea. differences between consecutive x-valuesb. vertical differences between data points and the line of best fitc. data points that lie below the line of best fitd. data points that do not lie on the line of best fit

____ 54. If a set of data has a very strong correlation, the residual values will bea. very large c. negativeb. positive d. very small

____ 55. A coefficient of determination, r2 = 0.75, indicates thata. 75% of the data lie on the regression lineb. the slope of the regression line is 0.75c. 75% of the variance in y is a result of the variance in xd. the data have a strong positive correlation

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 56. Which of the following statements is not true about variables having a correlation coefficient of 1?a. all data points lie on the line of best fitb. data points with larger x-values also have larger y-valuesc. there is a cause-effect relationship between the variablesd. all of the residual values are zero

____ 57. An agricultural researcher notices a strong positive correlation between the number of lady bugs in a garden and the growth of the plants. Which of the following statements is not true?a. if there are fewer lady bugs, then there is less plant growthb. if there are more lady bugs, then there is more plant growthc. the coefficient of determination is close to 1d. the plants cannot grow without the lady bugs

____ 58. What type of correlation would exist between the speed that a person runs and the time required to complete a race?a. positive correlation c. no correlationb. negative correlation d. residual correlation

____ 59. Which of the following is an example of a negative correlation?a. amount of studying and mark on a testb. temperature and number of kids at a poolc. a person’s arm length and leg lengthd. number of people and slices of pizza per person

____ 60. A set of data having small residual values means thata. the correlation coefficient is close to 0b. there is a positive correlationc. there is a negative correlationd. there is a strong correlation

____ 61. The purpose of the media is toa. give their personal opinions on eventsb. inform the public about events in an objective mannerc. present data in a way that makes certain groups look favourabled. create false impressions and sway public opinion

____ 62. Graphs can be misleading becausea. they may use varying scales c. they may be based on small samplesb. they may have suggestive captions d. all of the above

____ 63. Which of the following statements is not true? The media can influence a person's opinion bya. using graphs and changing the vertical scaleb. using data taken over a short period of timec. altering the data to make a better pointd. using data taken from a small sample size

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 64. The student council decides to survey some students about the music they would like at an upcoming dance. If there are 1000 students at the school, a reasonable sample size would bea. 10 c. 100b. 20 d. 1000

____ 65. Based on the following graphs, which statement is true?

a. the sale of cars is increasing faster than the sale of minivansb. there are more minivans sold than carsc. if the current trends continue, eventually there will be more minivans sold than carsd. the sale of minivans is increasing more slowly than the sale of cars

____ 66. Which statement is most accurate about the following graph?

a. the temperature has increased dramatically in the last 100 yearsb. the graph makes the temperature increase seem less than it really isc. the temperature has increased slightly in the last 100 yearsd. the graph gives very little information

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 67. The student council surveys all of the Grade 9 classes to determine what music to play at the next dance. The results would be flawed because thea. sample is not representative of the entire populationb. sample size is too smallc. entire school must be surveyedd. sample is not random

____ 68. The following graph shows the number of points a hockey team had over four seasons. The graph is misleading because

a. it does not include years before 1999b. it does not indicate the number of gamesc. the vertical scale exaggerates the number of points in 2002d. it only shows the points for one team

____ 69. If the vertical scale on a bar graph is changed, incorrect conclusions may be drawn becausea. the heights of the bars are not proportional to the frequenciesb. the frequencies may seem smaller or larger than what they really arec. the differences between frequencies may seem largerd. all of the above

____ 70. Consider the following newspaper headline:"City Residents Oppose New Housing Subdivision"

The headline may be misleading becausea. it does not specify what percentage of residents are opposedb. it does not specify the number of residents surveyedc. it does not indicate which residents were surveyedd. all of the above

____ 71. The statement “60% of Students Find Math Difficult” might be misleading because it does not a. say what grade the students were inb. say what level of math they were studyingc. say the number of students that were sampledd. mention how many thought other subjects were difficult

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 72. The following graph may be misleading because the

a. vertical scale has a small range of valuesb. type of coin is not specifiedc. number of tosses is not specifiedd. title is misleading

____ 73. The following graph shows the theatre attendance for three different movies on a particular night.

Which of the following conclusions can be reached from the graph?a. far more people saw movie C than the othersb. movie C was the most popular movie in the theatrec. slightly more people saw movie C than movies A or Bd. more people saw movie C than movies A and B combined

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 74. Based on the following graph, which statement is not correct?

a. the tuition increased by $50 in 2002b. the tuition has increased steadily since 1995c. the tuition in 2002 was more than 5 times that of 1995d. the greatest increase in tuition occurred in 2001

____ 75. Based on the following graph, which of the statements is false?

a. the life expectancy of men is increasingb. the rate at which the life expectancy is increasing is getting smallerc. the life expectancy has increased by over 15 years since 1931d. the height of each bar is proportional to the life expectancy

____ 76. A researcher records the marital status and income of a sample of 1143 female executives. The number of different variables recorded is:a. 1143b. three–marital status, income, and number of female executivesc. two–marital status and incomed. 3429

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 77. A sociologist at a Canadian university wants to study the attitudes of female university students towards careers. He interviews 100 of the female students enrolled in a first-year sociology course at his university. What is the sample in this situation?a. Canadian female university studentsb. the 100 female students interviewedc. the female students taking this coursed. all Canadian women taking first-year sociology

____ 78. A sociologist at a Canadian university wants to study the attitudes of female university students in Canada towards careers. He interviews 100 of the female students enrolled in a first-year sociology course at his university. What is the population in this situation?a. Canadian female university studentsb. the 100 female students interviewedc. the female students taking this coursed. all women in Canada taking first-year sociology

____ 79. Data collection is often carried out on samples becausea. an appropriate sample can be used to make inferences about the populationb. the population is often not availablec. neither a nor bd. both a and b

____ 80. When can the value of a quantitative variable be expressed as a number?a. never c. only if the variable is discreteb. only if the variable is continuous d. always

____ 81. The size of a building can be measured many ways. Here are four examples: the floor area in square metres, the number of stories, the height of the building, the number of rooms. What is true about these variables?a. some are qualitative and some are quantitativeb. all are quantitative and continuousc. all are qualitative and some are continuous and some are discreted. all are quantitative and some are continuous and some are discrete

____ 82. Each of the following variables affects the size of a book. Which variable can be continuous?a. number of pages c. number of wordsb. vertical space between lines d. type of binding used

____ 83. An agricultural researcher wishes to study how the price of a new type of crop being grown in 10 counties across the country will vary with the weather. What type of study will be the most appropriate?a. cross-sectional study that uses a sample of the counties where the crop is grownb. cross-sectional study that takes a census of the counties where the crop is grownc. longitudinal study that uses a sample of the counties where the crop is grownd. longitudinal study that takes a census of the counties where the crop is grown

____ 84. In which scenario is it better to take a sample rather than a census?a. testing light bulbs being manufactured in a plant to see how long they lastb. determining the termite population in a cityc. both a and bd. neither a nor b

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 85. A hospital study of 250 patients who underwent heart bypass surgery recorded the following for each patient: age, gender, blood pressure, and number of heart attacks previously suffered. How many variables were recorded altogether?a. 250 c. 254b. 1000 d. 4

____ 86. A study of 250 patients who underwent heart bypass surgery at a hospital recorded the following for each patient: age, gender, blood pressure, and number of heart attacks previously suffered. The number of variables measured that must be discrete is:a. 0 c. 2b. 1 d. 3

____ 87. Which of the following variables about a meal is qualitative?a. calories c. food groups representedb. number of vegetable servings d. preparation time

____ 88. A hospital administrator wants to know the length of wait in emergency rooms. The administrator also wants to know whether age and seriousness of complaint affect the waiting time. For each patient treated in a 24-h period, the emergency room staff records wait time in hours and if the patient is under age 18, 18–64 years old, or age 65 or older. The staff also records if the patient was admitted to hospital. Which is true about this study?a. longitudinal study with one quantitative variable and two qualitative variables recordedb. longitudinal study with two quantitative variables and one qualitative variable recordedc. cross-sectional study with one quantitative variable and two qualitative variables recordedd. cross-sectional study with two quantitative variables and one qualitative variable recorded

____ 89. For the following thesis question, which type of study is the most appropriate? Do the grades of student athletes across Canada change over the course of the school year?a. cross-sectional sample c. longitudinal sampleb. cross-sectional census d. longitudinal census

____ 90. A survey of the driving habits for commuters asks the following questions:

How many people travel to work or school each day in your primary vehicle?

What distance do you commute to work or school?

How many vehicles do you own?

What did you pay in repairs last year?

What is true about the variables measured?a. some are quantitative and some are qualitativeb. all are continuousc. some are discrete and some are continuousd. all are qualitative

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 91. A family wins two tickets to a concert. There are four people in the family: two parents and two children. In order to decide who will attend the concert, the parents flip a coin to select which parent will attend. Then the children flip a coin to select which child will attend. This selection method is an example of:a. a simple random sample of size two c. multi-stage random samplingb. stratified random sampling d. systematic random sampling

____ 92. The administration of a secondary school wants to collect student opinions on a proposed new timetable. They decide to interview a simple random sample of 50 students in grade 9, a simple random sample of 50 students in grade 10, a simple random sample of 50 students in grade 11, and a simple random sample of 50 students in grade 12. This is an example of:a. systematic random sampling c. multi-stage random samplingb. stratified random sampling d. cluster random sampling

____ 93. A medical researcher wants to compare blood pressure readings between men and women in Toronto. She sets up a station in a drug store and invites customers to have their blood pressure taken. She collects readings from 75 women and 47 men in one day. This is an example of:a. a simple random sample since the researcher did not know beforehand who would

participateb. a stratified random sample of men and womenc. a stratified random sample of people with high and low blood pressured. none of the above

____ 94. An airline wants to determine customer satisfaction with security measures being taken on its flights. The airline randomly chooses 5 of its flights leaving from a randomly chosen airport. It asks all passengers on these flights to complete a survey. This selection method is:a. cluster random samplingb. multi-stage random samplingc. a combination of cluster and multi-stage random samplingd. neither cluster nor multi-stage random sampling

____ 95. A city is interested in collecting opinions about its transit service from both users and non-users. It hires a pollster who divides the city into blocks. The pollster then conducts a survey of the person answering at the second house to the west of the northeast corner of each block. If the house is divided into apartments, the first apartment on the ground floor is surveyed. The selected location of the house or apartment on each block is randomly chosen. The sampling method used is:a. simple random sample c. stratified random sampleb. systematic random sample d. cluster random sample

____ 96. Which of the following factors is not a consideration in determining the number of people to be interviewed in a opinion survey?a. whether the sampling method is simple random sampling or stratified samplingb. how much variability exists in the opinions of the populationc. the number and variability of topics of the questions to be askedd. the hope that the results are accurate to within 3% of the population values

____ 97. In order to determine the percentage of firecrackers that are duds, the manufacturer fires off every 1000th firecracker produced. This is an example of:a. destructive sampling c. stratified samplingb. simple random sampling d. destructive stratified sampling

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 98. A survey was conducted of 1000 first-year university students across Canada. From all universities in Canada, 10 were randomly selected. Then at each of the selected universities, a random sample of 100 first-year students were chosen to participate. This is an example of:a. multi-stage random sampling c. stratified random samplingb. cluster random sampling d. systematic random sampling

____ 99. A large university has 30 student residences. Each residence has 6 floors. In order to collect information about students living in residence, the university selects 10 floors from the 180. Then it interviews everyone on those floors. This is an example of:a. multi-stage random sampling c. cluster random samplingb. stratified random sampling d. systematic random sampling

____ 100. In a secondary school, there are 5 classes of grade 9 academic mathematics. The classes are labelled A, B, C, D, and E. Each class has 30 students. In each class, the students are numbered from 1 to 30. The label A06 indicates the sixth student in class A. A random sample of 10 students enrolled in grade 9 academic mathematics at this school results in the following students being selected:

A05, A20, B05, B20, C05, C20, D05, D20, E05, E20

Which sampling method could not have been used?a. simple random sampling c. cluster samplingb. stratified sampling d. systematic random sampling


A09, B13, B15, B24, D11, D12, E02, E13, E18

Which sampling method might have been used?a. cluster random sampling c. stratified random samplingb. systematic random sampling d. none of the above


A01, A03, A09, A12, A19, A21, A23, A24, A29, A30

Which sampling method might have been used?a. simple random samplingb. multi-stage random samplingc. either simple or multi-stage random samplingd. neither simple nor multi-stage random sampling

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 103. In a secondary school, there are 5 classes of grade 9 academic mathematics. The classes are labelled A, B, C, D, and E. Each class has 30 students. In each class, the students are numbered from 1 to 30. The label A06 indicates the sixth student in class A. What sampling method will ensure that, in a sample of 10 students, there is at least one student from each class?a. simple random samplingb. systematic random sampling of every 15th student where students are ordered by number

within the classc. cluster random samplingd. none of the above

An elementary school teacher is interested in assessing how students’ performance varies with the month of the year in which they were born. In a sample of 500 grade 4 students, the birth months were distributed as follows.

Birth Month Number of Students

January 31

February 24

March 40

April 45

May 50

June 44

July 35

August 43

September 53

October 41

November 49

December 45

____ 104. In a sample of 25 students, she has 5 born in January, 3 born in February, 4 born in March, 4 born in October, 5 born in November, and 6 born in December. What sampling method must not have been used?a. simple random sampling c. multi-stage random samplingb. cluster random sampling d. stratified random sampling

____ 105. Which sampling method will ensure that the teacher has students born in each month in the sample?a. simple random samplingb. cluster random sampling c. systematic sampling where every 25th child is selected after the children are ordered by

birthdated. stratified random sampling

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 106. Which of the following behaviours by the person conducting a survey will not result in biased results?a. The surveyor rewords questions for respondents who left questions blank in case they did

not understand the question.b. The surveyor leaves the response to some questions blank if the respondent does not seem

to understand the question.c. The surveyor fills in unanswered questions based on the responses to other questions.d. The interviewer suggests possible answers to open-ended questions.

____ 107. Which of the following scenarios will not result in sampling bias?a. The regular meeting time of a new group is determined by people who come to a Monday

afternoon meeting.b. American food preferences are determined by a random sample of California residents.c. Gas price fluctuations in a city are followed by taking a random sample of gas stations in

the city each Friday for a year.d. none of the above

____ 108. Identify the type of bias that may be present in a telephone survey of a simple random sample of a city’s residents to determine their opinions on city services.a. household bias c. neither a nor bb. non-response bias d. both a and b

____ 109. A famous poll was conducted by the magazine Literary Digest in 1936. In this poll, the presidential election results were estimated from the responses of 2.3 million Americans. These people responded to a questionnaire mailed to 10 million individuals who owned cars or telephones or subscribed to magazines. They tended to be wealthier than the American population as a whole. How might the results be biased?a. over-estimate of the number of people voting Republican since higher-income Americans

tend to vote Republicanb. under-estimate of the number of people voting Republican since higher-income Americans

tend to vote Republicanc. biased but will not affect the result because so many people respondedd. the results are not biased

____ 110. A grocery store wants to survey a large proportion of its customers. It leaves questionnaires in shopping bags and asks people to return them to the store. In order to encourage a large response rate, respondents will be entered into a draw for free groceries. What type of bias might exist by sampling shoppers this way?a. not biased c. non-response biasb. sampling bias d. response bias

____ 111. In a study of women's feelings about relationships, questionnaires were sent to 10 million American women. More than 2.3 million women responded. Of the married respondents, 65% had extra-marital relationships. Which of the following best describes this estimate?a. not biasedb. over-estimates the true percentage because of non-response biasc. under-estimates the true percentage because of household biasd. biased but will neither under-nor over-estimate the result because so many people

responded

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 112. A police officer hides behind an overpass on an open stretch of highway and records the speeds of passing cars. So that he can record speeds for all cars, he picks a time when the highway is not busy. Which of the following will most likely describe the resulting estimate of the percentage of drivers who speed?a. biased to give an estimate greater than the true percentage of speedersb. biased to give an estimate smaller than the true percentage of speedersc. unbiasedd. biased but not likely to either over or under-estimate the true percentage of speeders

____ 113. An airline conducts customer satisfaction surveys by having its passengers complete questionnaires on its flights. In order to ensure that passengers have adequate time to complete the questionnaire, it is only given out on overseas flights. What type of bias might result?a. sampling bias c. both a and bb. non-response bias d. it is not biased

____ 114. Which of the following scenarios is an example of response bias?a. 100 surveys are given to voters; 20 are returned completed.b. A member of parliament calls a sample of 100 of her constituents, introduces herself, and

asks how they will vote in the upcoming election.c. 100 voters who live in two high-rise apartment buildings in a riding are asked how they

intend to vote.d. Every 200th person on a voter's list for a riding is telephoned to find out how they will

vote.

____ 115. A magazine conducts an annual survey of its subscribers. One year it takes a random sample of 100 of its subscribers and contacts them by telephone. If there is no answer, the subscriber is called back until a response is obtained. The next year it puts a survey in all copies of the magazine. The survey is mailed to subscribers and 1200 are completed and returned. Which of the following best describes the bias that results from these two sampling methods?a. the first is more biased since fewer people are surveyedb. the first is less biased since it is based on a random samplec. both methods suffer from biasd. neither method will lead to biased results

____ 116. In order to determine the average cost of a minor operation in Ontario, the Ministry of Health samples Ontario hospitals. In order to save costs, only hospitals in the Greater Toronto Area are surveyed. What best describes the likely results of this survey?a. not biased since most operations are performed in the Toronto areab. affected by response biasc. affected by sampling biasd. affected by non-response bias

____ 117. A parents’ organization that tries to stop drunk driving wants to find out teenagers’ attitudes towards drinking and driving. Parents from the organization visit each secondary school in a city at the time classes end for the day. They interview the first 30 students leaving the building. What best describes the likely results of this survey?a. will suffer from response biasb. will suffer from sampling biasc. both a and bd. not biased since students are interviewed from every school in the city

Name: ________________________ ID: A

26

____ 118. The vice-president of a school’s student council wishes to survey a sample of students for their opinion about school dances. Which of the following methods will result in sampling bias?a. Thirty of the vice-president’s friends and acquaintances, from across all grade levels, are

interviewed.b. Thirty students, chosen randomly from all students who have the same lunch period as the

vice-president are interviewed.c. neither a nor bd. both a and b

____ 119. Which of the following is most true about telephone surveys?a. always biasedb. never biasedc. not biased if participants are called at various times throughout the dayd. only biased if the telephone numbers called are not randomly selected

____ 120. Which of the following is most true about mail-in surveys?a. sometimes biasedb. never biasedc. always biasedd. not biased if a large sample is received that is a cross-section of the population

____ 121. Determine the number of arrangements for the word BOXCAR.a. 21 c. 46 656b. 720 d. none of the above

____ 122. Determine the number of arrangements for the word CANADA.a. 720 c. 240b. 21 d. 120

____ 123. Determine the number of three letter arrangements using the letters of the word METAPHOR.a. 336 c. 512b. 40 320 d. 56

____ 124. Determine the number of ways that a prime minister, secretary, treasurer, and publicity minister could be chosen from an art club of 12 members.a. 495 c. 11 880b. 48 d. 20 736

____ 125. Determine the number of ways you could line up 3 orange marbles, 5 blue marbles, and 1 purple marble.a. 504 c. 24 192b. 362 880 d. 15

____ 126. A bag contains 3 red blocks, 2 green blocks, and 4 blue blocks. Determine how many ways that all of them can be drawn, one at a time, without replacement.a. 362 880 c. 1260b. 15 120 d. none of the above

Name: ________________________ ID: A

27

____ 127. Determine the number of ways the 8 members of the Junior Jazz Band can stand in a line if Val must be first, Tim sixth, and Tricia last.a. 56 c. 32 768b. 40 230 d. none of the above

____ 128. Determine the number of ways that the 12 members of the boys' baseball team can be lined up if Joe, Tanner, and Josh must all be together.a. 220 c. 604 800b. 362 880 d. 1 209 600

____ 129. A person buys a ticket for a draw which has tickets made up of four digits from 0 to 9, and one winning ticket is drawn. Assuming that all the tickets have been sold, determine the probability of the person winning the draw.

a.1

3024c.

1

10 000

b.1

5040d.

1

6561

____ 130. Express 15 × 14 × 13 in a different manner.

a. P(15, 13) c.15!

12!

b.15!

2!13!d. P(15, 12)

____ 131. The 7 members of a chess club line up for a picture. Determine the probability that Mckenzie and Johann will be beside each other.

a.1

7c.

1

3

b.2

7d.

1

6

____ 132. A captain and co-captain for a fencing team are chosen from a hat with the names of all 11 members in the hat. Determine the probability that Lauren and Isabel are chosen as captain and co-captain respectively.

a.1

110c.

1

55

b.1

121d.

2

121

____ 133. The letters of the word SIMILE are scrambled. Determine the probability that the word is spelled exactly backwards.

a.1

720c.

1

6

b.1

360d. none of the above

Name: ________________________ ID: A

28

____ 134. The letters of the word CHEMISTRY are put in a hat and three letters are drawn, one at a time, without replacement. Determine the probability that the C and R are chosen.

a.1

252c.

1

24

b.14

243d.

1

12

____ 135. The face cards of a deck are shuffled and two cards are drawn, one at a time, without replacement. Determine the probability that both cards are diamonds.

a.1

132c.

1

24

b.1

66d. none of the above

Short Answer

136. Tung studies the types of vehicles driving by his house and records the results in a table.

Type Frequency

Car 12

Minivan 10

Sport Utility 6

Pickup 6

Truck / Van 4

Other 2

Tung wants to create a circle graph to represent the data. Determine the measure of the sector angle for the Pickup category.

137. Tom measured the heights, in centimetres, of 30 corn plants and created the following stem-and-leaf plot.

Stem Leaf

15 2 2 4 5

16 1 1 3 4 7 8

17 0 1 1 2 3 5 6 8 8 9

18 1 2 2 6 8

19 4 5 8

20 2 3

Determine the median of the heights.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

29

138. Students at a high school were asked how they travel to school each day. The results are summarized in the following circle graph.

If 208 students take the bus, determine the number of students who walk to school.

139. The following circle graph represents data from 1500 people. The sector angle for category A is 54°. Determine the frequency of category A.

140. State the value of P(15, 3).

141. Express 40 × 39 × 38 using factorials.

142. Evaluate 100!

96!3!2!.

143. State the number of words that can be formed by rearranging the letters of the word PROBABILITY.

144. State the number of ways that a committee of a president, treasurer, and secretary can be selected from a students' council with 15 members.

145. State the number of ways that the 9 members of the debating club can be lined up for a picture if Frasier must be on the far left and Samantha and Charlotte must be together.

146. Solve for n if n!

(n − 1)!= 42.

147. Four identical chocolate bars, three identical bags of chips, and 6 identical popsicles are lined up on a prize table. Determine the number of ways that this could be done.

ID: A

1

Sample Mastery Questions Test 1Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: C 2. ANS: D 3. ANS: C 4. ANS: A 5. ANS: C 6. ANS: D 7. ANS: B 8. ANS: B 9. ANS: D 10. ANS: B 11. ANS: C 12. ANS: D 13. ANS: A 14. ANS: B 15. ANS: A 16. ANS: D 17. ANS: D 18. ANS: C 19. ANS: D 20. ANS: C 21. ANS: A 22. ANS: A 23. ANS: D 24. ANS: B 25. ANS: D 26. ANS: C 27. ANS: C 28. ANS: B 29. ANS: A 30. ANS: D 31. ANS: C 32. ANS: B 33. ANS: C 34. ANS: D 35. ANS: B 36. ANS: D 37. ANS: A 38. ANS: A

ID: A

2

39. ANS: C 40. ANS: D 41. ANS: D 42. ANS: B 43. ANS: A 44. ANS: D 45. ANS: B 46. ANS: D 47. ANS: A 48. ANS: D 49. ANS: C 50. ANS: D 51. ANS: C 52. ANS: A 53. ANS: B 54. ANS: D 55. ANS: C 56. ANS: C 57. ANS: D 58. ANS: B 59. ANS: D 60. ANS: D 61. ANS: B 62. ANS: D 63. ANS: C 64. ANS: C 65. ANS: C 66. ANS: C 67. ANS: A 68. ANS: C 69. ANS: D 70. ANS: D 71. ANS: C 72. ANS: C 73. ANS: C 74. ANS: C 75. ANS: D 76. ANS: C 77. ANS: B 78. ANS: A 79. ANS: D 80. ANS: D 81. ANS: D 82. ANS: B

ID: A

3

83. ANS: D 84. ANS: C 85. ANS: B 86. ANS: B 87. ANS: C 88. ANS: C 89. ANS: C 90. ANS: C 91. ANS: B 92. ANS: B 93. ANS: D 94. ANS: C 95. ANS: B 96. ANS: C 97. ANS: D 98. ANS: A 99. ANS: C 100. ANS: C 101. ANS: D 102. ANS: C 103. ANS: B 104. ANS: B 105. ANS: D 106. ANS: B 107. ANS: D 108. ANS: D 109. ANS: A 110. ANS: C 111. ANS: B 112. ANS: A 113. ANS: C 114. ANS: B 115. ANS: B 116. ANS: C 117. ANS: C 118. ANS: D 119. ANS: A 120. ANS: C 121. ANS: B 122. ANS: D 123. ANS: A 124. ANS: C 125. ANS: A 126. ANS: C

ID: A

4

127. ANS: D 128. ANS: C 129. ANS: C 130. ANS: C 131. ANS: B 132. ANS: A 133. ANS: B 134. ANS: D 135. ANS: D

SHORT ANSWER

136. ANS: Frequency for the Pickup category is 6.The sum of all frequencies is 40.

The sector angle for the category is 6

40× 360° = 54°

137. ANS: Since there are 30 data values, the median will be the average of the 15th and 16th data values.

Median = 173+ 175

2 =

348

2 = 174

Therefore, the median height is 174 cm. 138. ANS:

Let x represent the number of students who walk to school.x

208= 48

26

x = 384

Therefore, 384 students walk to school. 139. ANS:

Percentage in category A = 54°360°

× 100%= 15%

Frequency of category A = 0.15 × 1500 = 225

The frequency of category A is 225 people. 140. ANS:

The value of P(15, 3) is 2730. 141. ANS:

Using factorials, 40 × 39 × 38 is 40!

37!.

ID: A

5

142. ANS:

When 100!

96!3!2! is evaluated, it equals 3 921 225.

143. ANS: The number of words that can be formed is 9 979 200.

144. ANS: The number of ways that a committee of a president, treasurer, and secretary can be chosen is 2730.

145. ANS: The number of ways is 10 080.

146. ANS: n = 42

147. ANS: The number of ways that this could be done is 60 060.

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Sample Mastery Questions Test 1