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8/12/2019 Sample - Havard Referencing Style
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Extract from UTAR Thesis/Dissertation Guidelines (GD-IPSR-PSU-001), Rev 3
Reference:
Author-date system
The author-date system is used to provide information for readers to locate the source ofinformation listed in the alphabetical selected bibliography or references at the end of
thesis/dissertation.Examples are as below:
Harvard Style
(a) For journals with one author
i. Walker (2000) compared reaction times ; and
ii. In a study of reaction times (Walker, 2000)
(b) For journals with maximum two authors:
i. A recent survey of perceptions of graduate students indicated the primary barrierto obtain an advanced degree is writing the thesis (Smith and Jones, 2002); and
ii. Smith and Jones (2002) concluded from a survey of graduate student perceptionsthat writing the thesis is the primary barrier to obtaining a degree.
(c) Citation more than two authors:
i. The variations in enzyme production might be due to the fact (Ahmad et
al., 1999)
ii. Ahmad et al. (1999) reported that the variations in enzyme production might be
due to the fact..
et al. can only be used in the text to replace authors name, full listing ofthe authors name should appear in the References section.
(d) Multiple references in a statement:
The variations in enzyme production might be due to the fact (Jones et al.,
1992; Brown et al., 1993; Black et al., 1994; White et al., 2011)
* List the references chronologically by publication date (i.e., the earliest first).
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Listing of References: Each reference cited in the text must belisted in the Literature Cited
(Reference) section.
Harvard Style
The style and sequence or order of arranging elements within a reference for the Harvard reference
citation style indicated below (Appendix Pfor more examples):
Authors surname, authors first name or initial and Authors surname, authors
first name, year of publication. Title of article.Full Title of the Journal, Volume
number (issue or part number), pages (use pp).
Example:
i. For 1 to 2 authorsAppleman, M.M. and Terasart, W.I., 1975. Regulation of cyclic nucleotide
phosphodiesterases.Advances In Cyclic Nucleotide Research, 1 (5), pp. 153-162.
ii. For 3 authorsHughes, J.C., Brestan, E.V. and Valle, L.A., 2004. .
iii. For more than 3 authorsHughes, J. et al., 2004.
The order of listing references is according to alphabetical by authors surname. The sequence or
order of arranging the reference in the reference list for same author will follow the chronological by
same name and alphabetical by title. As with citing the references in the thesis/dissertation text, the
format used to list the references must be consistent; each reference listed must be in the same
format.
Example:
i. Same author, same year, different title:
Dave, R.L., 2004a. Managing information
Dave, R.L., 2004b. Multimedia management
ii. Same author different year:
Jones, L.S., 2004. Critical thinking about Jones, L.S., 2006. Doing qualitative research
8/12/2019 Sample - Havard Referencing Style
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Appendix P
Examples of Reference Format (Harvard style)
Journal:
Ahmad, F.B. and William, P., 1998. Rheological properties of sago starch. Journal of Agriculture andFood Chemistry, 46 (1), pp. 4060 4065.
Bakshi, A., Patnaik, P.R. and Gupta, J.K., 1992a. Pullulanase and -amylase production by aBacillus
cereusisolate.Letters in Applied Microbiology, 14, pp. 210 213.
Bakshi, A., Patnaik, P. and Gupta, J.K., 1992b. Thermostable pullulanase from a mesophilicBacillus
cereus isolate and its mutant UV 7.4.Biotechnology Letters, 14, pp. 689 694.
Kubo, A. et al., 1999. The starch-debranching enzymes isoamylase and pullulanase are both involved
in amylopectin biosynthesis in rice endosperm. Plant Physiology, 121(2), pp. 399 410.
* more than 3 authors
Conference paper (published):
Peter, S., 2009. Effects of child care on young children. Proceedings of the third annual meeting of
the International Society for Child Psychology, 3 -5 December 2009 Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta:
Wiley, pp. 44 - 46.
Book:
John, Y.A. and Tim, M.A., 2009. Thermodynamics: an engineering approach, 2nd ed. London:
McGraw Hill.
Book Chapter:Bigelis, R., 1993. Carbohydrases. In: Nagodawithana, T., and Reed, G. (eds.).Enzymes in food
processing. New York: Academic Press Inc., pp. 121 147.
Busche, R.M., 1985. Acetic acid manufacture fermentation alternatives. In: Cheremisinoff, P. N.,
and Ouellette, R.P. (eds.).Biotechnology: applications and research. Lancaster: Technomic
Publishing Company, pp. 88 102.
Fogarty, W.M., and Kelly, C.T., 1990. Recent advance in microbial amylases.In:Microbial Enzymesand Biotechnology. 2nd ed. London and New York: Elsevier Applied Science, pp. 71 79.
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Forst, G.M., 1986. Commercial production of enzymes. In: Hudson, B.J.F. (ed.).Developments in
food protein 4. London: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, pp. 57 81.
Maloy, S.R., Cronal, J.E., and Freifelder, D., 1994. Mutagenesis, mutations and mutants.In:
Microbial Genetic, Massachusetts: John and Bartlett Publishers, pp. 179 - 208.
Webpages:
Chaplin, M., 2004, Production of glucose syrup [Online]. Available at:
http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/biology/enztech/glucose.html [Accessed: 1 March 2005].
Hedley, C., 2002, Starch structure [Online]. Available at:
http://www.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk/staff/cliff-hedley/starch.htm [Accessed: 1 March 2005]
Thesis:
Kamariah, L., 1997. Production, properties and applications of mycelium-bound lipase of a locally
isolated strain of Aspergillus flavus link. PhD thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Hobel, C.F.V., 2004,Access to biodiversity and new genes from thermophiles by special enrichment
methods. PhD Thesis, University of Iceland, Reykjavik.