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Salvete, discipuli!
Chapter XXV: Infinitives
Verbal Aspects
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Infinitive Participle
Active Passive
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
1st 2nd 3rd
Singular Plural
What is an Infinitive?
• An Infinitive is typically defined as a verbal noun because it allows one to make an action the subject or object of a sentence:
• I love to fly.
• It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.
What is an Infinitive?
• An infinitive is identified in English by the use of the phrase “to verb”.
• He loves to run.
• To err is human, to forgive divine.
What is an Infinitive?
• An infinitive is identified in English by the use of the phrase “to verb”.
• He loves to run.
• To err is human, to forgive divine.
Verbal Aspects
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Infinitive Participle
Active Passive
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
1st 2nd 3rd
Singular Plural
Verbal Aspects
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Infinitive Participle
Active Passive
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
As an infinitive is not fully a verb, it does not have Person OR Number!
How many Infinitives are there?• Simply put, there are three types of
infinitives that one can use to describe a noun.
– Present Infinitives– Past (Perfect) Infinitives– Future Infinitives
• The reason there are only 3 infinitives is because there are 3 times when an action could occur: now, before or later. (n.b. Infinitives follow RELATIVE tense)
The Infinitive Box
Active Passive
Present
Past (Perfect)
Future
To help organize the inifnitives in Latin, we use what is called the Infinitive Box.
The Infinitive Box
Active Passive
Present
Past (Perfect)
Future
However, unlike Participles, we use all of the boxes in the Infinitive Box.
The Present Infinitives
• We have already learned the present infinitives:
• The Present Active Infinitive is the same form as the 2nd principle part of a verb.
• To form the Present Passive Infinitive, simply remove the final “-e” from the 2nd prin. part and replace it with an ‘-ī’.
The Present Infinitives• To form the Present Passive Infinitive,
simply remove the final “-e” from the 2nd prin. part and replace it with an ‘-ī’.
• However, in the 3rd conjugation, remove the entire ‘-ere’ before attaching the ‘-ī’.
• To translate the Present Infinitives:Active: “to verb”Passive: “to be verbed”
The Participle Box
Active Passive
Present amāre amārī
Past (Perfect)
Future
amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus
Practice
1. present active infinitive of petō, petere, petīvī, petītum2. present passive infinitive educō, educāre, educāvī, educātum
3. present active infinitive of capiō, capere, cepī, captus
4. present passive infinitive of pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsum
The Past (Perfect) Infinitives• To form the Perfect Active Infinitive:
1. Use the 3rd Principle Part and remove the ī.
2. Add an “-isse”.
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
The Past (Perfect) Infinitives• To form the Perfect Active Infinitive:
1. Use the 3rd Principle Part and remove the ī.
2. Add an “-isse”.
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
The Past (Perfect) Infinitives• To form the Perfect Active Infinitive:
1. Use the 3rd Principle Part and remove the ī.
2. Add an “-isse”.
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum --> habuisse
• To translate the Perfect Active Infinitive:
“to have verbed”
The Past (Perfect) Infinitives• To form the Perfect Passive Infinitive:
1. Use the 4th Principle Part (Perfect Passive Participle)
2. Add “esse”.
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
The Past (Perfect) Infinitives• To form the Perfect Passive Infinitive:
1. Use the 4th Principle Part (Perfect Passive Participle)
2. Add “esse”.
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
The Past (Perfect) Infinitives• To form the Perfect Passive Infinitive:
1. Use the 4th Principle Part (Perfect Passive Participle)
2. Add “esse”.
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum --> habitum esse
• To translate the Perfect Passive Infinitive:
“to have been verbed”
The Participle Box
Active Passive
Present amāre amārī
Past (Perfect) amāvisse amātum esse
Future
amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum
Practice
1. perfect active infinitive of petō, petere, petīvī, petītum2. perfect passive infinitive educō, educāre, educāvī, educātum
3. perfect active infinitive of capiō, capere, cepī, captus
4. perfect passive infinitive of pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsum
The Future Infinitives
• To form the Future Active Infinitive:
1. Form the Future Active Participle.
2. Add “esse”
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
The Future Infinitives
• To form the Future Active Infinitive:
1. Form the Future Active Participle.
2. Add “esse”
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
habiturum
The Future Infinitives
• To form the Future Active Infinitive:
1. Form the Future Active Participle.
2. Add “esse”
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
habiturum esse
The Future Infinitives
• To form the Future Active Infinitive:
1. Form the Future Active Participle.
2. Add “esse”
• To translate the Future Active Infinitive:
to be about to verb / to be fixin’ to verb
The Future Infinitives
• To form the Future Passive Infinitive:
1. Use the 4th principle part.
2. Add “īrī”
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
The Future Infinitives
• To form the Future Passive Infinitive:
1. Use the 4th principle part.
2. Add “īrī”
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
The Future Infinitives
• To form the Future Passive Infinitive:
1. Use the 4th principle part.
2. Add “īrī”
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum --> habitum īrī
The Future Infinitives
• To form the Future Passive Infinitive:
1. Use the 4th principle part.
2. Add “īrī”
To translate the Future Passive Infinitive:
“to be about to be verbed/to be fixin’ to be verbed”
The Infinitive Box
Active Passive
Present amāre amārī
Past (Perfect) amāvisse amātum esse
Future amaturum esse amatum īrī
amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum
Practice
1. future active infinitive of petō, petere, petīvī, petītum2. future passive infinitive educō, educāre, educāvī, educātum
3. future active infinitive of capiō, capere, cepī, captus
4. future passive infinitive of pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsum
More Practice
Workbook...• p. 355, 1-5 • p. 357, 1-5
Homework
• HW 35
