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7/27/2019 SALT ANALYSIS.pptx
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QUALITATIVE SEMI MICRO ANALYSIS
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Analysis: It deals with the process of
detection of various components present
in a substance
Qualitative analysis: To identify thenature of the components
Quantitative analysis: To identify
the amount of the components
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MACRO ANALYSIS: Quantity of the substance is0.1 to 10grams
MICRO ANALYSIS: Quantity of the substance is
10 to 100 mg
SEMI MICRO ANALYSIS: Quantity of the substance is
1 to 10 mg
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1. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
2. ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
3. ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
Systematic Qualitative Semi micro Analysis
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Colour test: By observing the colour of the substance
we can predict the presence of some ionsEx. Light pink colour Mn+2
blue colour Cu+2 etc
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PHYSICAL STATE: Crystalline or Amorphous
COLOUR:
SOLUBILITY: Water soluble or water insoluble
FLAME TEST:
1. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
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Flame test: Take little amount of salt in a watch
glass, add 2 to 3 drops of con. HCl and make it
as a paste, take small amount of the paste onthe loop of a platinum wire and introduce into
the side of the busen flame
Flame colorations
Barium (Ba+2 ) apple green
Strontium (Sr+2 ) crimson
red
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Classification of anions
I. Carbonate(CO3-2), Sulphite(SO3
-2), Sulphide (S-2)
II. Chloride (Cl-), Bromide(Br-), Iodide (I-)
III. Sulphate (SO4-2), Phosphate (PO4
-3).
IV. Nitrate (NO3-), Acetate (CH3COO
-)
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS
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ANALYSIS OF GROUP I ANIONS
Group reagentdil. HCl
Experiment: Take little amount of dry salt in a clean & dry test
tube, to this add few drops of dil. HCl.If first group anions are present you will observe a colourless gas
coming out with effervesces
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1. Colourles Odorless, gas turns
lime water into milky white
2. Colourless gas with burning
sulpher smell, turns the orangecoloured potassium dichromate
into green
3. Colourless gas with rotten egg
smell, turns lead acetate into black
Carbonate(CO3-2)
Sulphite(SO3-2)
Sulphide (S-2)
Observation and Inference
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ANALYSIS OF GROUP II ANIONS (wet test)
Group reagent
Silver Nitrate (AgNO3)
Take few drops of salt solution in a test tube and add
few drops of silver nitrate
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1. A curdy white ppt appears immediately,the ppt is soluble in ammonia and it will
be re obtained on adding dil. HNO3
2. A pale yellow colored ppt is formed,it is insoluble in ammonia.
3. A bright yellow coloured ppt is formed,
it is insoluble in ammonia
Chloride (Cl-)
Bromide(Br-)
Iodide (I-)
Observation and Inference
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ANALYSIS OF GROUP II ANIONS (dry test)
Group reagent con. H2SO4
Experiment: Take little amount of dry salt in a clean & dry test
tube, to this carefully add few drops of con. H2SO4
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1. A colourless gas with pungent smell,
which gives dense white fumes when a
rod dipped in ammonium hydroxide is
brought near the mouth of the test tube.
2. Reddish brown gas with a pungent
Odour is evolved
3. Violet vapours, which turn starch
paper blue and a layer of violetsublimate is formed on the sides of the
tube.
Chloride (Cl-)
Bromide(Br-)
Iodide (I-)
Observation and Inference
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ANALYSIS OF GROUP III ANIONS
Group reagentBarium-Calcium Nitrate (Barium nitrate &
Calcium nitrate)
Experiment: Take few drops of salt solution in a test tube andadd few drops of Barium-Calcium Nitrate reagent with
stirring
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A white precipitate is obtained whichremains undissolved after adding dil.
HCl and heating.
A white precipitate is obtained which
will get dissolved in dil. HCl
sulphate (SO4-2) ion
Phosphate (PO4-3)
ion
Observation and Inference
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ANALYSIS OF GROUP IV ANIONS
Test for Nitrate (NO3-) :
i) Brown ring test: Take few drops of salt solution in
a test tube and add few drops of freshly prepared
saturated ferrous sulphate solution and stir.
keep the test tube in inclined position and add
few drops of con.H2SO4 with a dropper slowly
along the side of the tube
A brown ring forms at the junction of two liquidsindicates the presence of Nitrate (NO3
-) ion
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Test for Acetate (CH3COO-
)
Experiment: Take few drops of salt solution in a test tube and add
few drops of neutral ferric chloride solution.
You observe deep red colouration on dilution and upon boiling a
brown coloured ppt will be formed. This indicates the presence of
Acetate (CH3COO-) ion
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ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
Classification of cations into groups