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HANDOUT 12 - SOCIAL ISSUES
1
SALIENT FEATURES OF TELANGANA SOCIETY
DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES
Telangana is the 29th state of India, formed on the 2nd of June 2014. The state has an area of 1,14,840
Sq Km and has a population of 3,52,86,757. The Telangana region was part of the Hyderabad state
from 17th September 1948 to 1st November 1956, until it was merged with Andhra state to form the
Andhra Pradesh state.
After decades of movement for a separate State, Telangana was created by passing the AP State
Reorganization Bill in both houses of Parliament.
Telangana is surrounded by:
Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh in the North,
Karnataka in the West and
Andhra Pradesh in the South and East directions.
Major cities of the state include Hyderabad, Warangal, Nizamabad and Karimnagar.
The State comprises 10 districts covering an area of 1,14,840 sq. km (44,340 sq. mi). The largest
district is Mahabubnagar whereas Hyderabad is the smallest.
Ten districts of Telangana:
Adilabad
Hyderabad
Karimnagar
Khammam
Mahaboobnagar
Medak
Nizamabad
Rangareddy
Warangal
Telangana comprises of people belonging to different communities, religions and castes. Each caste is
again sub divided into a number of castes and sub castes. Many tribal communities also exist in
Telangana. Gonds, Koyas, Kolanlu, Paradhanulu, Thoti are important tribes inhabiting the surrounding
areas of river Godavari; Chenchus tribes are found around River Krishna and Lambadas are the
nomadic pastoral tribes of Telangana
Resources of Telangana
45% of the forest area in Andhra Pradesh state is in Telangana region, spread across five districts. 20%
of the coal deposits in the country are in Telangana region. The Singareni Collieries Company
excavates coal for industrial purposes and for thermal power stations. The power generated is supplied
to the entire of South India. There are limestone deposits in the region, which cater to cement
factories. Telangana has other resources such as bauxite and mica.
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Telangana statistics
Capital City Hyderabad
Area 114,840 Sq. Kms
Districts 10
Revenue Divisions 42
Towns (as per Census, 2011) 158
Municipal Corporations 6
Municipalities 38
Nagara Panchayaths 25
Zilla Praja Parishads 9
Mandal Praja Parishads 443
Gram Panchayaths 8778
Revenue Mandals 464
Revenue Villages 10,761
Inhabited Villages 10,128
Un-inhabited Villages 633
Households 83.58 Lakhs
Household size 4
Population 351.94 Lakhs
Male 177.04 Lakhs
Female 174.90 Lakhs
Sex Ratio (Female per 1000 Males) 988 Ratio
Density of Population 307 per Sq. Km
Decadal Growth Rate (2001-2011) 13.58 Rate
Rural Population 215.85 Lakhs
Rural Population Male 107.97 Lakhs
Rural Population Female 107.88 Lakhs
Rural Population Sex Ratio (Female per 1000
Males)
999 Ratio
Rural to Total Population 61.33 %
Urban Population 136.09 Lakhs
Urban Population Male 69.07 Lakhs
Urban Population Female 67.02 Lakhs
Urban Population Sex Ratio (Female per 1000
Males)
970 Ratio
Urban to Total Population 38.64 %
SC Population 54.33 Lakhs
SC Population Male 27.05 Lakhs
SC Population Female 27.28 Lakhs
ST Population 32.87 Lakhs
ST Population Male 16.60 Lakhs
ST Population Female 16.27
Child Population (0-6 years) 39.20 Lakhs
Child Population (0-6 years) Male 20.28 Lakhs
Child Population (0-6 years) Female 18.92 Lakhs
Child to Total Population 11.14 %
Child Sex Ratio (Female per 1000 Males) 933 Ratio
Literates 207.84 Lakhs
12 t h t h
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3. Village Deity:
Every village has one village deity (Grama Devatha). Popular grama devathas of Telangana are:
1. Ooradamma – protects the village
2. Yellamma – provides security to the village
3. Laxmamma – protects the wealth of the village
4. Paudalamma – protects the boundaries of the village
5. Maisamma – ensures the safety of dams and bridges over lakes
6. Poochamma – protects the village burial grounds from evil spirits
These deities are considered as an incarnation of one of the seven goddesses – Bramhi, Maheshwari,
Kaumari, Vishnavi, Varahi, Indrani and Chamundi - popularly known as Saptamatrulu or seven
mothers. Potharaju is believed to be their brother.
5. Voori Panduga:
Whenever any adversity (eg - spread of contagious diseases) befalls the villages, the villagers tie
Turmeric, Rice and kukuma as an offering to the diety. As soon as the rainy season starts, the village
fest is held. From the day the offering is tied, nobody in the village eats non vegetarian. Also no one
leaves the village and no outsider visits the village.
The ceremony involving the sacrifice of goats and hen by Pootharaju during the village fest is called
Gavupattadam.
6. Art Forms
Some classical art forms received the royal patronage and attained finesse. However, the art forms of
the innumerable communities spread across the length and breadth of the State give Telangana its
distinct identity.
While the Kakatiya rule led to evolution of dance forms such as Perini Sivatandavam, also known as
‘dance of warriors’, the commoners, faced with the challenges of daily life developed traditions of
story-telling coupled with solutions to tide over them through Golla Suddulu, Oggu Kathalu and
Gotralu etc.
Several art forms like above mingled and new forms emerged. The ubiquitous ‘Dhoom Dham’ is one
such evolved and composite art form. They generally were about the struggle and exploitation. People
adopted the old sensibilities of theatre and art changing the content as per the case and place.
A variant of Yakshagana, Chindu Bhagavatham is performed widely across Telangana. It is a theater
art form that combines dance, music, dialogue, costume, make-up, and stage techniques with a unique
style and form. The word ‘Chindu’ in Telugu means ‘jump’. As their presentation is interspersed with
leaps and jumps, it gained the name of Chindu Bhagavatam. Most of the stories narrated are from
‘Bhagavatam’.
Qawali, Ghazals and Mushairas evolved under the patronage of Qutub Shahi and the Asafjahi rulers in
and around the capital city of Hyderabad.
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Koya Dance (Permakok ata) - Koyas perform a robust colourful dance called
(Permakok ata) Bison Horn dance during festive and marriage ceremonies. The men
put on Bison Horns on head and wear colourful dress. Koya dance is performed mainly
by the Koya tribes of Orissa and A.P. Usually both boys and girls take part in this
dance but the girls are more prominent. The girls engage in beating sticks on the
ground, which are fitted with small bells. They form complicated zig-zag and
unwinding circles and it is the most attractive part of the dance. This dance is
performed by Koyas inhabiting the scheduled areas of Khammam and Warangal.
Kurru Dance - Kurru dance is performed by Koyas of Warangal district. Only male
members of Koya tribe perform this dance. They dance according to the tune played by
six musicians i.e. three persons playing flute and three persons playing drums. They
perform this dance after harvesting of crops, dibbling of seeds and during festival and
marriage occasions. Most importantly, they perform this dance during Sammakka
Saralamma Jathara which is an important festival of Koyas. Even during certain
inauspicious occasions also, they perform this dance.
Gussadi Dance - Gussadi or Dandari is a robust dance performed by only Gond males.
This folk dance is performed in the month of Ashada (June-July) on the full moon day
(Purnami). The Gussadi dancers wear loin cloth and smear the entire body with ash or
white lime. They decorate their bodies with black and red spots. The dancers carry a
staff called ‘Gussadi Rokali’ (Rokali is a pestle). All the Gussadi dancers perform
rhythmic and robust dance waving their hands systematically to the melodious tunes.
Demsa Dance - Demsa, a folk dance of Raj Gonds is performed by both males and
females. Sometimes the young boys attire themselves as females and perform the
dance. This dance is performed independently by the male and female members to the
accompaniment of music during the festive and marriage occasions. The musical
instruments used during Demsa dance are ‘Pepre’, ‘Dhol’ and ‘Khalikhom’. During the
marriage ceremony the dance is performed by both males and females. On the
concluding day of the grand festival in honour of the ‘Persa Pen’ (Supreme deity)
during the month of ‘Vaisak’ (April-May), the males perform the Demsa dance before
the house of the ‘Katoda’, the clan priest. The Demsa dance is also performed by male
members on the occasion of celebrations of the marriage of Chenchi Bhimanna, the
God who protects the crops during the month of Chaitra (March-April) before the
house of Devari, the village priest.
Lambada Dance - During festival and marriage occasions the womenfolk of this tribe
perform dance in tune with the musical instruments played by men. During Holi
festival womenfolk form into a circle around the fire and perform dance by holding
each other’s hands. Sometimes they raise hands and dance in tune with the music
played by musicians.
Chench Naatakam (Play) - The play takes place in front of the temple of the village
during festival period and at the house of the sponsorer during marriage and religious
ceremonies of Chenchus. Before starting of the play, they invocate goddess
‘chenchamma’. During the play, the singer sings while the women dance rhythmically.
The actors perform the play by charging some money on the sponsorer. At the end of
the play the troupe goes to the house of the sponsorer sing the concluding song and
receive their due payment.
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7. Festivals
The Hindu festivals like Ugadi, Srirama Navami, Bonalu, Vinayaka Chaturthi, Dasara,
Deepavali, Sankranti, Holi, Mahashivaratri are celebrated with pomp, gaiety and devotion.
Dasara is the main festival with the epithet ‘pedda panduga.’
While Ramzan is the main festival of Muslims, Moharram too is celebrated on a large scale in
Telangana. It is known famously as ‘peerla panduga.’ Pir means Master. Many Hindus take
part in the festival.
Christians, mainly in and around Hyderabad celebrate Christmas and Good Friday with great fervor
and religiosity.
Major Festivals of Telangana
Bathukamma
It is floral festival celebrated by the Hindu women of Telangana. Every year this festival is
celebrated in the Bhadrapada Amavasya, also known as Mahalaya Amavasya, usually in
September–October of Gregorian calendar. Bathukamma is celebrated for nine days during
Durga Navratri. It starts on the day of Mahalaya Amavasya and the 9-day festivities will
culminate on "Saddula Bathukamma" or "Pedda Bathukamma" festival on Ashwayuja
Ashtami, popularly known as Durgashtami which is two days before Dussehra.
A part of Dasara festivities, is unique to Telangana. This colourful festival has historic,
ecological, societal and religious significance. Women clad in glittering costumes and
jewellery carry beautifully stacked Bathukammas with flowers like Tangedu, Gunugu,
Chamanti and others to the village or street’s meeting point.
Making circles around the assembled Bathukammas, womenfolk recite songs in a group. The
songs have their roots in Puranas, History and even in the recent political and social
developments of the particular region. The fete culminates in Saddula Bathukamma where the
villagers immerse the flower stacks in the nearby tanks and lakes.
First Day:- Engili paddaka
Second Day - Atukula Batukamma
Third Day - Thadi biyyam
Forth Day:-Nana Biyyam
Fifth Day:-Atla Batukamma
Sixth Day:-Aligina Batukamma
Seventh Day:-Vepakayala Batukamma
Eighth Day:-Venna Muddala Batukamma
Ninth Day:-Saddula Batukamma
Ramzan is the ninth month of the Islamia calendar
The food taken before fasting in the morning is called Sahar and the food taken after breaking the fast in
the evening is called Iftar.
Itikāf is an Islamic practice consisting of a period of retreat in a mosque for a certain number of days in
accordance with the believer's own wish. It is usually observed from 21st day to the last day of the month
of Ramadan.
Shab e qadr – the night of the 27th day of Ramazan, believed to be the day when the holy Quran came
into existence is observed as shab-e-qadr, popularly known as jagne ki raat. Muslims spend the whole
night reciting the holy Quran and offering prayers.
Zakat al-Fitr - is charity given to the poor at the end of the fasting in the Islamic holy
month of Ramadan
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Bonalu
It is a Hindu Festival, celebrated during the Telugu month of Ashadam (translates to June/ July
of Gregorian calendar) wherein Goddess Mahakali is worshiped. The festival is also considered
as thanksgiving to the Goddess for fulfilling the desires of devotees. As part of the festival,
Bojanam or Meal is offered to the presiding Mother Goddess. Women prepare rice cooked with
Milk, Jaggery in a Brass or Earthen Pot adorned with Neem Leaves, Turmeric, Vermilion
putting a Lighted Diya on top of the Ghatam.
An important part of the festival is Rangam (prophecy). Women standing atop of an earthen
pot ‘invokes’ goddess Mahankali onto her and turns an Oracle.
Next is Ghattam. A copper pot is decorated in the form of Mother Goddess. The Ghattam is
carried by a priest and is taken in procession accompanied by ‘Pothurajus’ and musical
instruments like trumpets and drums for the immersion. Pothurajus are considered the brother
of Mother Goddess and are represented by well-built, bare-bodied men, wearing a small tightly
draped red dhoti and bells on ankles with turmeric on bodies and vermilion on the foreheads.
Samakka-saralamma Jatara (Medaram Jatara)
Sammakka Saralamma Jatara or Medaram Jatara is a tribal festival of honouring the goddesses.
The Jatra begins at Medaram in Tadvai Mandal in Warangal district. It commemorates the fight
of a mother and daughter, Sammakka and Saralamma, with the reigning rulers against an
unjust law. It is believed that after Kumbha Mela, the Medaram jatara attracts the largest
number of devotees in the country.
It is celebrated in Medaram during the time the goddesses of the tribals is believed to visit
them. Medaram is a remote place in the Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary, a part
of Dandakaranya, the largest surviving forest belt in the Deccan.
According to a tribal story, in the 13th century, some Koya tribal leaders who went for a
hunting found a new born girl (Sammakka) emitting enormous light playing amidst tigers. The
head of the tribe adopted her and brought up as a chieftain. She was married to Pagididda Raju
a feudatory tribal chief of Kakatiyas and was blessed with 2 daughters and one son namely
Sarakka, Nagulamma and Jampanna respectively. After sometime, there was a severe drought
that lasted for years and as a result the mighty Godavari River dried up. Pagedde Raju didn't
pay tribute to King Pratapa Rudra. In turn king Pratapa rudra sent his army to subdue the
tribals and collect the tribute. Then a War was fought between tribal chief Pagidde Raju and
Kakatiya army on the banks of "Sampenga Vagu" (Jampanna Vagu). The Koya army fought
valiantly but could not with stand the well equipped Kakatiya army. Though fought valiantly
Pagididda Raju, his daughters Sarakka, Nagulamma, son in law Govinda Raju lost lives in the
battle. Later Jampanna also died in Sampenga Vagu (later renamed as Jampanna Vagu in his
memory). Upon hearing this news Sammakka also enters war and fights and causes lot of
damage to kakatiya army. Surprised by her Bravery And Valour the Kakatiya Prime Minister
visited war ravaged Koya kingdom with proposal of peace which Samakka turned down the
offer and resolved to continue the fight to avenge the dead. The battle continued and
Sammakka was seriously wounded . Samakka told her people that as long as they remembered
her, she would protect them. Then, she cursed the Kaktiya dynasty to perish and with that
wounded body proceeded towards Chilakala gutta and disappeared in the forest. The grieving
Koyas searched for their queen all they found were a red ochre box(a container of vermilion),
her bangles and the pug marks of a huge full grown tigress, exactly the same place where she
was found as a infant by the koyas. Koyas, Waddaras and other Indian tribes and castes have
been holding festivals in memory of Sammakka and Sarakka regularly once in two years.
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Edupayala Jatara
This place is in Nagsanpalli, Medak District and is a sacred spot, where the seven tributaries of
the Manjira join and flow together. In February (Magha) a three-day fair or Jatara is held at
Yedupayala Durga temple on occasion of Shivaratri
Nagoba Jatara
Nagoba jatara is among the most important religious events for the Adivasi Gond tribe, which
had ruled Central India for centuries. The Gonds consider Nagoba or Nagendra its ‘mul
purush’ or progenitor. It is held in Keslapur village, Inderavelly Mandal Adilabad district. The
rituals associated with pacification and offering prayers to the serpent God forms the essence
of the five or six-day event. Before the start of the pujas, the Gonds continue to ‘purify’ the
temple with Ganga jal or water from Godavari drawn at a spot called ‘hastinamadugu’ where
Nagoba is believed to have quenched his thirst after partaking the ‘naivedyam’. The event also
includes a ceremony called ‘bheting’, which incorporates new brides into the clan. It was the
legendary anthropologist, Christopher von Furer-Haimendorf, who had recognised the
importance of the Nagoba jatara and tried to make it an event for addressing the grievances of
the Gond and other Adivasi tribes of Adilabad. He started the darbar at the jatara for the
Adivasis to air their grievances in 1944.
Kondagattu Anjanna Jatara
Kondagattu is a temple about 35 km from Karimnagar, dedicated to Lord Anjaneya Swamy.
According to the folklore, the temple was constructed by a cowherd some 300 years ago. The
present day temple has been built 160 years ago by Krishna Rao Deshmukh.
Kotavatancha Jatara
Is celebrated on Phalguna Sudha Ekadasi is the Laxminarasimha Swamy temple located in
Regonda mandal, Warangal.
Velala Jatara
Velala Jatara is celebrated during Shivaratri,the Lord Shiva Temple is located in Chennur
Mandal of Adilabad District.
Bejjanki Jatara
The Festival of Laxminarasimha swamy temple located in Bejjanki,Karimnagar is celebrated
every year on Chaitra sudha dashami. According to some historians this temple was built
during the Kakatiya rule. Billock cart races are speciality of this festival.
Mannemkonda Jatara
Mannemkonda located in Mahaboobnagar is famous for the Venkateshwara temple believed to
have been constructed 600 years back. Many people who could not visit Tirupati visit this
temple. This temple’s festival celebrated every year in Magha and Phalguna months.
Pedda Golla Gattu Jatara
This festival is celebrated in Lingamuthula Swamy temple located in Deragpally, Nalgonda by
the Yadavas once in two years. The temple is believed to be built by the Chota Chalukyas
(Yadava Kings). The diety Lingamuthulo Swamy, an incarnation of Lord Shiva, along with his
sister Chodamma Thalli worshipped in the temple.
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Komarelly Mallanna Jatara - Komuravelli Mallikarjuna Swamy Temple popularly known
as Komuravelli Mallanna Temple is located on a hill called Indrakeeladri in Komuravelli
village, Warangal District. The main deity is Mallanna or Mallikarjuna Swamy who is an
incarnation of Lord Shiva, also called as Khandoba by the Maharashtrian people. The Mallanna
(Lord Shiva) deity along with his consorts Golla Kethamma and Medalamma is at the main
temple. The Oggu Katha singers from the Yadava caste sing the tale of Mallanna here. The
festive season, called as Jatara begins from Sankranti and lasts till Ugadi. Large number of
devotees offer prayers to the deity on all Sundays which fall in between Sankranti to Ugadi.
Devotees also visit the Mallanna temple in large number during Maha Shivaratri when the
Pedda Patnam is celebrated and also during the Agni Gundalu which is celebrated on Sunday
falling before Ugadi.
Ramappa Jatara - Ramappa Temple also known as the Ramalingeswara temple, is located
77 km from Warangal, the ancient capital of the Kakatiya dynasty. It lies in a valley at
Palampet village of Venkatapur Mandal, in erstwhile Mulug Taluq of Warangal district. An
inscription in the temple dates it to the year 1213 and said to have been built by a General
Recherla Rudra, during the period of the Kakatiya ruler Ganapati Deva. Every year on the eve
of Shivaratri a three days jatara is held in the temple.
Nishani Devatha Jatara – Nishani Devata is the Village deity of Scheduled area tribes of
Khammam. When they celebrate Chaitra Festival which corresponds to the New year festival
(Ugadi) of Telugu speaking caste groups, they worship the village deity of Nisani Devatha. It is
also popularly known as Etikala panduga or Eetela panduga. The village priest (Desari) selects
one young boy. The boy takes bow and arrow and runs into the forest in the same direction as
shown by village priest accompanied by beating drums. Other boys of the village also join him
in mock hunting expeditions. If they succeed in getting a catch, they first make their offer to
the village deity Nishani Devatha.
Pedda Devudu - A festival in honour of Pedda Devudu or Bod Devatha is celebrated by tribes
of Telangana in general in the month of ‘Vaisakha’ on any fixed day for the general welfare of
the village. The deity is represented by a triangular stone fixed in the ground. The day is fixed
by the village head in consultation with the village priest. One intrusting feature of the
sacrificial rites is the offering of a bird called ParigiPitta (quail) in addition to the usual goat
and red fowl sacrifice as ParigiPitta is considered to be a favorite bird of the deity. One week
before the celebration of the festival, the ‘Barika’ (messenger) informs the villagers through
tom-tom about the day celebration of the festival. On the day the pujari gives bath to the idol
and cleans the spot before the deity. He decorates the cleaned spot with Chodi flour designs
and cooks food with milk, jaggery, rice and green plantains. While chanting hymns, the pujari
sacrifices the goat and two birds to the deity and the blood of the sacrificed animals /birds is
collected in a pot and kept in the shrine of the deity. They believe that the deity accepts the
blood of the sacrificed animals in the form of a rat. The villagers celebrate this festival on the
eve of starting the pre-ploughing and ploughing operations in full swing in anticipation of the
first rains of the monsoon at the fag end of May or in the first week of June.
Seethla - Seetla is an important annual festival of Lambadas performed in the month of
Ashadha. This festival also called festival of sacrifices as it involves too many animal
sacrifices and free flow of blood. Mere offering of coconuts and burning of incense does not
satisfy the blood thirsty deities of the Seethla festival. A day earlier, all the elders of the
Thanda meet and discuss about the celebration of the festival. They jointly buy a goat by
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contributing equal amounts. On the fixed day all the people take bath in their respective houses
and wear new or washed clothes and traditional ornaments. The Naik of the Thanda along with
some virile men goes to the outskirts of the Thanda and select the spot to perform the
ceremony. The Naik erects seven stones representing the seven deities of the cult in the order
of birth, starting with Seethla under a Bauhenia spicata (Raavi) tree along with Seethla
Bhavaani. The Lambadas also propitiate the other six sisters malevolent deities. It is believed
that if these deities are not propitiated in a proper manner along with Seethla they may cause
cattle epidemics to their cattle.
Teej Festival - Lambadas celebrate the fertility festival of ‘Teej’ in the month of Sravana when
the monsoon rains drench the parched earth after the trying months of sizzling heat. This
festival is celebrated for 9 days with elaborate rituals and vigorous ritual dances performed to
the tune of melodious religious songs showing day to day variations in the intensity of ritual
performances. The festival of fertility is exclusively the festival of maidens, who are
considered to be free from pollution of birth and other unclean sexual activities. The married
men, women and the widows are tabooed from performing rites during the celebration of Teej.
Barren women are forbidden even to approach the Teej baskets. On the final day of the
festival, sweet rice and ghee are offered as oblation to god Shevabhaya. A goat is sacrificed in
the name of Meramma which is a unique feature of this ceremony. The Naik of the Thanda
necessarily observes fast on this day. The final stage of the festival is marked for exchange of
banter between cross cousins of opposite sex and between sisters-in-law and their younger
brothers-in-law and for the maidens of the Tanda. It is a movement of grief and melancholy as
the tender saplings reared with care are to be distributed and the sacred Teej baskets are to be
thrown in to the waters. Throughout the performance of the rituals, the maidens invariably
observe certain food taboos. The girls are forbidden to taste chillies and salt. The maidens are
further tabooed from eating mutton during the ceremony as it is considered as a sort of
pollution to the male deity shevabhaya. They are served with food specially cooked in their
houses with dal or tamarind sauce.
8. Crafts, Cuisine and Handlooms
Telangana is a great place for arts and crafts with many astounding handicrafts.
1. Bidri Craft - The unique art of silver engraved on metal. Black, gold and silver coatings are applied
on this. It involves various several stages like casting, engraving, inlaying and oxidizing. The name of
this art form is derived from a town called Bidar (currently part of Karnataka) of the erstwhile
Hyderabad state.
2. Banjara Needle Crafts - Banjara Needle Crafts are the traditional handmade fabrics made by
Banjaras (the tribal Gypsies) in Telangana. It is a form of embroidery and mirror work on fabrics
employing the needlecraft.
3. Dokra Metal Crafts - Dhokra or Dokra is also known as bell metal craft and is widely seen in
Jainoor Mandal, Ushegaon and Chittalbori in Adilabad district. The tribal craft produces objects like
figurines, tribal gods, etc. The work consists of folk motifs, peacocks, elephants, horses, measuring
bowl, lamp caskets and other simple art forms and traditional designs.
4. Hyderabadi bangles - the famous Hyderabadi Bangles are molded out of pure lac and studded with
glittering and beautifully cut glass pieces of various colors. Chudi Bazaar or Laad Bazaar named after
Ladli Begum, the wife of Hyderabad VI Nizam, Mir Mehboob khan is famous for these bangles
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5. Bronze Castings - Telangana is famous world-wide for its amazing Bronze castings. While using
solid casting of icons, the mould is created using several coatings of different clays on a finished wax
model. This process then imparts fine curves to the cast image.
6. Pochampally Ikat - Handicraft (GI Tag)- Pochampally Saree or Pochampalli Ikat is a saree made
in Bhoodan Pochampally, Nalgonda district, Telangana State, India. They are popular for their
traditional geometric patterns in Ikat style of dyeing.
7. Silver Filigree of Karimnagar (GI Tag) - Handicraft - It is an ancient art of Karimnagar
8. Nirmal Furniture Handicraft (GI Tag) is furniture made in Nirmal, Adilabad, AP, India.
9. Nirmal Paintings Handicraft (GI Tag) are a popular form of paintings done in Nirmal in Adilabad
district, Telangana, India. The paintings are famous all over the world. They even form the small scale
industry in the town.[1] The paintings have golden hues
10. Gadwal sari (GI Tag) is a traditional sari made in Gadwal, Mahbubnagar district, India.[1] They are
popular for their Zari saris.
11. Hyderabadi Haleem (GI Tag) food stuff is a stew composed of meat, lentils and pounded wheat
made into a thick paste. It is originally an Arabic dish and was introduced to the Hyderabad Stateby
the Arab diaspora during the rule of the Nizams (the former rulers of Hyderabad State).
12. Cheriyal Scroll Painting (GI Tag) is a stylized version of Nakashi art, rich in the local motifs
peculiar to the Telangana. They are at present made only in Hyderabad, Telangana, India.[1] Cheriyal
painting artist D.Vaikuntam nakash, Cheriyal (or Cherial) is a village and a mandal in Warangal
district i
13. Pembarthi Metal Craft (GI Tag) is a metal handicraft made in Pembarthi, Warangal district,
Telangana State, India. They are popular for their exquisite BRONZE art works.[2]
14. Gollabhama sari (GI Tag) also Siddipet Gollabhama are saris made in Siddipet, AP, India. These
cotton saris are popular for their inlay figure work and motifs
15. Narayanpet Handloom Sarees (GI Tag) - Narayanpet is a Municipal town
and Revenue Division in Mahbubnagar district of the Indian state of Telangana.[1] It is located 165 km
from the state capital Hyderabad
16. Gold and silver phirni – is a very thin and delicate sheet of gold and silver manufactured in the Old
city of Hyderabad and used to garnish sweets.
17. Hyderabadi Biryani - is Hyderabad's most famous meat-and-rice dish; the Nizams served some 26
varieties of biryanis for their guests. An authentic Hyderabad meal invariably includes
a mutton biryani. Hyderabadi Biryanis incorporating chicken, lamb, beef or vegetables instead of
mutton are also popular.
18. Qubani ka meetha – made of apricot fruit, is an Indian dessert made from dried apricots originating
from Hyderabad.
19. Korutla Paper – Korutla, Karimnagar is well known for Its Paper production, which is believed to
be first plant in state
20. Bronze work of Chanduru, Adilabad is famous in entire south India
21. Zardozi embroidery - is beautiful metal embroidery, which once used to embellish the attire of the
Kings and the royals in India and Old city of Hyderabad is famous of this work
22. Hyderabadi Pearls – the entire old city is famous for the Hyderabadi pearls. In the village
of Chandanpet just outside Hyderabad, almost the entire population is engaged in the delicate art of
drilling pearls.
23. Metpally, Karimnagar – is famous for Khadi textiles.
24. Masks of Naikpods - Naikpods worship various masks representing Laxmi Devara (Horse Deity),
Lord Krishna, five brother Pandavas and their own other deities like pig god, Pota Raju (dog god),
Gorrapotu (Sheep god) etc., Naikpods who are also known as Nayaks in the agency areas get these
masks manufactured by local carpenters at their guidance and prescriptions
HANDOUT 12 - SOCIAL ISSUES
12
TELANGANA STATE ICONS
The Telangana government has announced the following four icons for the new State:
The State Bird - Palapitta (Indian Roller or Blue Jay).
The State Animal - Jinka (Deer).
The State Tree - Jammi Chettu (Prosopis Cineraria).
The State Flower - Tangedu (Tanner’s Cassia).
These icons reflect the culture and tradition of Telangana state and three of them - Tangedu flowers,
Blue Jay and Jammi Chettu - are associated with the popular festivals of Batukamma and Dasara.
While Tangedu flowers are used in stacking of Batukammas, spotting the Blue Jay on Dasara is
considered a good omen and people worship Jammi Chettu on that day.
Palapitta
Lord Rama spotted the Palapitta before invading Lanka and vanquished Ravana. Palapitta has been
chosen to put Telangana on the path of victory
Jinka
Deer is deeply associated with Indian history and a reference to this graceful animal was there in the
great epic Ramayana. It can survive in the smallest forests also. It reflects the mindset of the people
of Telangana as it is very sensitive and innocent.
Jammi Chettu
Pandavas had vanquished a large army of Kauravas only after performing worshipping the Jammi
Chettu. They had hidden their weapons on a Jammi Chettu when they had been forced into exile in
the forests. Now, Telangana requires the blessings of the Jammi Chettu.
Tangedu Flower
Tangedu flower which is used during the Batukamma festival by women folk is the most
appropriate choice as the state flower.
Hyderabadi Marag - A thin mutton soup
Garle - A Hyderabadi snack. Spicy kheema balls dipped in besan batter and deep fried
Tootak- A delicacy made out of spicy kheema wrapped up in rava-butter mixture and baked
Ande ki pakodi- Slices of boiled eggs, dipped in besan batter and deep fried
Kheeme ke samose- samosas with kheema stuffing
Baghara baingan - Stuffed eggplants, a delicacy where tender and fresh brinjals are stuffed
with grounded peanut-coconut mixture and cooked in a rich and creamy paste.
Dalcha - Mutton and Lentil delicacy.
Paaya - Bone soup
Tamate ka Kut- Thick tomato gravy served with pieces of boiled eggs
Churri- Thick yogurt raita with chopped onions, green chillies and coriander
Chakna - A dish made out of Goat intestines and tripes cooked with flour and other spices.
Pathar-ka-Gosht - Mutton/lamb seared on a stone slab found in Hyderabad.
Maghaz Masala (Beja Fry) - A goat's brain deep fried delicacy.
Dopiaza - A curry made from lamb, onions, butter etc.
Hyderabadi Nihari - A breakfast dish made of Goat's feet and tongue.
Kulcha/Naan Ki Roti - It is a type of wheat bread cooked in Tandoor type oven