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Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Towards to the TeV Scale
Saleh Sultansoy
TOBB ETÜ, Ankara & Fizika İnstitutu, Baku
• Introduction• Periodic Table of the Elementary Particles • The Fourth SM Family• Higgs at the Tevatron and LHC• RS-LSP Scenario• Conclusion
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Introduction→1930’s:
e, p, n + + (Pauli) + (Yukawa)
EM interactions mediated by Strong int-ns mediated by ± and
Weak int-ns - Fermi (four-fermion contact)
Leptons: e and Mesons: ± andBarions: p and n.
Whole (visible) Universe is formed from a few particles: Nuclei are bound states of p’s and n’s, Atoms are bound states of nuclei and e’s etc. Chemistry became the Science…Whole technology of 20th century is based on this picture.
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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This nice picture was destroyed in 1937 by the discovery of ! We were looked for –mesons but found something different. This new particle seems to be produced by strong interactions, but interacts with matter by EM interactions.Real –mesons were discovered 10 years later in emulsion experiments:
e
μ – e puzzle:
why the Nature needs the second “heavy” electron …
→ 1960’s: hadron (meson and barion) inflation Quarks
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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← First SM family
← three “massless” neutrinos
← three (or more) SM families
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Black holes, Un-particles ?? Un-physics ???
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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TOBB ETÜ-
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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THERA projesi DESY’nin kapılarını açtı (1996 DESY-AÜ işbirliği anlaşması)
QCD Explorer projesi CERN AB ve AT bölümlerinin kapılarını açtı (2004-2008 TAEK projesi, 2008-2011 TAEK projeleri)
EPAC ve PAC ta tüm Türkiye çıkışlı makaleler linak-halka tipli lepton-hadron çarpıştırıcıları ve TAC projesi ile ilgilidir
Kritik aşama: 1-3 Eylül 2008 de yapılacak ECFA-CERN çalıştayı
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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6
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1 10 100 1000
GLC
ADONE
VEPP2000
KEK B and PEP II
KEK BPEP II
CESR
DAFNE
DAFNE2
BEPCII
CESRc
Ecm
(GeV)
L (cm-2sec-1)
VEPP2M
LEP
TRISTANPETRA
VEPP4MDORIS
SPEARBEPC
COLLIDERS
FACTORIES
SUPER FACTORIES
e+-e- Colliders: Past, Present and Future
L (cm-2 s-1)
E (GeV)
↑ TAC
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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→ 2000’s:
Periodic Table of the Elementary* Particles
family l u d 1
< 3 eV
510.99892(4) keV
1.5 to 4 MeV
4 to 8 MeV
2
< 190 keV
105.658369(9) MeV
1.15 to 1.35 GeV
80 to 130
MeV
3
< 18.2 MeV
1.77699(+29-26) GeV
174.3(5.1) GeV
4.1 to 4.4 GeV
4
> 45 GeV
> 100 GeV
> 200 GeV
> 130 GeV
* Elementary in the SM framework. At least one more level (preons) should exist.
m = 0 (< 610-17 eV) mg = 0 (< few MeV) mW = 80.425(38) GeV mZ = 91.1876(21) GeV
mH > 114.4 GeV Scale: 247 GeV
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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19.yüzyılın sonu:
Kimyasal Elementlerin Mendeleyev Tablosu
Anlaşılması: Rutherford deneyi → Atom modeli
Enerji skalası MeV düzeyinde
1960’lar:
Hadronların “Mendeleyev Tablosu”
Anlaşılması: SLAC deneyleri → kuerk-parton modeli
Enerji skalası GeV düzeyinde
20.yüzyılın sonu:
Kuark, lepton ve ara bozonların “Mendeleyev Tablosu”
Anlaşılması: LHC deneyleri → preon modeli?
Enerji Skalası TeV ?? Düzeyinde
Kuark ve leptonların karışımı yeni yapı düzeyinin en önemli
belirtisidir !
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Yukawa couplings
In standard approach: mf = gf ( 245 GeV) gt / ge = 0 ( mt / me ) 340000
Moreover, gt / ge 1.751011 (if me = 1 eV) compare with mGUT/mW ~ 1013
However, see-saw mechanism …
For same type fermions: gt / gu 35000175000, gb / gd 3001500,
g / ge 3500
Within third family: gt / gb 40, gt / g 100, gt / g 10000
et cetera Therefore, 3 family case is unnatural
Hierarchy: m u m c m t m d m s m b m e m m
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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i) LEP data
Three SM families with m(L) < mZ / 2
ii) Precision EW data
2000: the 4th family excluded at 99% CL
2002: 3 and 4 families have the same status
5 and even 6 families are allowed if mN 50 GeV
2004: 6`th SM family is excluded at 3σ ...
2008: ???
H.J. Su, N. Polonsky and S. Su, Phys. Rev. D 64 (2001) 117701
V.A. Novikov, L.B. Okun, A.N. Rosanov and M.I. Vysotsky, Phys. Lett. B 529 (2002) 111
....
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Why the four SM families(S. Sultansoy, hep-ph/0004271)
Today, the mass and mixing patterns of the fundamental fermions are the most mysterious aspects of the particle physics. Even the number of fermion generations is not fixed by the Standard Model (N ≥ 3 from LEP, N ≤ 8 from Asymptotic Freedom).
The statement of the Flavor Democracy (or, in other words, the Democratic Mass Matrix approach)
H. Harari, H. Haut and J. Weyers, Phys. Lett. B 78 (1978) 459;
H. Fritzch, Nucl. Phys. B 155 (1979) 189; B 184 (1987) 391;
P. Kaus and S. Meshkov, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 3 (1988) 1251;
H. Fritzch and J. Plankl, Phys. Lett. B 237 (1990) 451.
which is quite natural in the SM framework, may be considered as the interesting step in true direction.
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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It is intriguing, that Flavor Democracy favors the existence of the fourth SM family
H. Fritzsch, Phys. Lett. B 289 (1992) 92.
A. Datta, Pramana 40 (1993) L503.
A. Celikel, A.K. Ciftci and S. Sultansoy, Phys. Lett. B 342 (1995) 257.
Moreover, Democratic Mass Matrix approach provide, in principle the possibility to obtain the small masses for the first three neutrino species without see-saw mechanism
J. L. Silva-Marcos, Phys Rev D 59 (1999) 091301
The fourth family quarks, if exist, will be copiously produced at the LHC.
ATLAS Detector and Physics Performance TDR, CERN/LHCC/99-15 (1999), p. 663-
Then, the fourth family leads to an essential increase of the Higgs boson production cross section via gluon fusion at hadron colliders and this effect may be observed soon at the Tevatron.
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Flavor Democracy and the Standard Model
It is useful to consider three different bases:
- Standard Model basis {f0},
- Mass basis {fm} and
- Weak basis {fw}.
According to the three family SM, before the spontaneous symmetry breaking quarks are grouped into the following SU(2)U(1) multiplets:
.0,0,0
0;0,0,
0
0;0,0,
0
0
Rb
Rt
Llb
Lt
Rd
Rc
LsL
c
Rd
Ru
Ld
Lu
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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ddd
mdmLch
Rd
Ld
Lu
dad
YL
)(..0
)(
d
ijan
jidijmjdidd
ijmchn
ji RjdLidLiudijad
YL
1,,00
..1,
00
00)(
In one family case all bases are equal and, for example, d-quark mass is obtained due to Yukawa interaction
where md = ad/√2, = <0> 247 GeV. In the same manner mu= au /√2,
me= ae /√2 and me= ae /√2 (if neutrino is Dirac particle).
In n family case
where d10 denotes d0, d2
0 denotes s0 etc.
/√2
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Flavor Democracy assumptions
Before the spontaneous symmetry breaking all quarks are massless and there are no differences between d0, s0 and b0. In other words fermions with the same quantum numbers are indistinguishable. This leads us to the first assumption, namely, Yukawa couplings are equal within each type of fermions:
.,,, aijalalijauau
ijadadija
The first assumption result in n-1 massless particles and one massive particle with m = n·aF· /√2 (F = u, d, l, ) for each type of the SM fermions.
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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aalauada
tab
aaatmb
mmm
Because there is only one Higgs doublet which gives Dirac masses to all four types of fermions (up quarks, down quarks, charged leptons and neutrinos), it seems natural to make the second assumption, namely, Yukawa constants for different types of fermions should be nearly equal:
This means that the n-th family (Dirac) fermions are almost degenerate
mln mun mdn mνn n a η / √2
For the third family we have:
Therefore, the second assumption leads to the statement that according to the flavor democracy the fourth SM family should exist.
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Above arguments, in terms of the mass matrix, mean
1000
0000
0000
0000
/v24
1111
1111
1111
1111
/v20 amMaM
Now, let us make the third assumption, namely, a/√2 is between egwsinW and gz=gw/cosW. Therefore, the fourth family fermions are almost
degenerate, in good agreement with experimental value = 0.99980.0008, and their common mass lies between 320 GeV and 730 GeV. The last value is close to the upper limit on heavy quark masses, mQ 700 GeV,
which follows from partial-wave unitarity at high energies
M.S. Chanowitz, M.A. Furlan and I. Hinchliffe, Nucl. Phys. B 153 (1979) 402
It is interesting that with value of a/√2 gw flavor democracy predicts
m4 8mW 640 GeV.
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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The masses of the first three family fermions, as well as an observable interfamily mixings, are generated due to the small deviations from the full flavor democracy
A. Datta and S. Rayachaudhiri, Phys. Rev. D 49 (1994) 4762.S. Atag et al., Phys. Rev. D 54 (1996) 5745.A.K. Ciftci, R. Ciftci and S. Sultansoy, Phys. Rev. D 72 (2005) 053006.
Last parameterization, which gives correct values for fundamental fermion masses, at the same time, predicts quark and lepton CKM matrices in good agreement with experimental data.
Arguments against the Fifth SM Family
The first argument disfavoring the fifth SM family is the large value of mt 175 GeV. Indeed, partial-wave unitarity leads to mQ 700 GeV 4 mt and in general we expect that mt m4 m5.
Second argument: neutrino counting at LEP results in fact that there are only three "light" (2m mZ) non-sterile neutrinos, whereas in the case of five SM families four "light" neutrinos are expected.
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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gg → H enhancement factor as a function of Higgs mass:
four SM family case with m4 = 200; 320 and
640 GeV (upper, mid and lower curves, respectively)
E. Arik et al., Eur Phys J C 26 (2002) 9 E. Arik et al., Phys Rev D 66 (2002) 033003
4; 5 and 6 SM families with infinite masses (lower, mid and upper curves)
The Fourth SM Family and the Higgs Boson
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Higgs decay branching ratios
E. Arık, O. Çakır, S. A. Çetin, S. Sultansoy, Phys. Rev. D 66, 033003 (2002).
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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The Fourth SM Family at the Tevatron
The fourth SM family (quarks) manifestations at the upgraded Tevatron:
a) Significant enhancement (~8 times) of the Higgs boson production cross section via gluon fusion
b) Pair production of the fourth family quarks (if md4 and/or mu4 < 300 GeV)
c) Single resonant production of fourth family quarks via the process
qg q4 (if anomalous coupling has sufficient strength)
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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DØ presentations, for example,
A. Kharchilava, hep-ex/0407010
W.-M. Yao, hep-ex/0411053
V. Buscher, hep-ex/0411063
E. Arik et al., hep-ex/0411053
* means extra SM families with mN 50 GeV
Tevatron 2004
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Another opportunity to observe the fourth SM family quarks at the Tevatron is their anomalous production via qg-fusion if anomalous coupling has sufficient strength (f.e. g + u → u4 → W+ + b)
E. Arik. O. Cakir and S. Sultansoy, Phys Rev D 67 (2003) 035002
Eur Phys Lett 62 (2003) 332
Eur Phys J C 39 (2005) 499
Lint 2 fb-1 8 fb-1
SM-4 150 GeV < mH < 180 GeV 140 GeV < mH < 200 GeV
SM-5 135 GeV < mH 125 GeV < mH
SM-4* --- 160 GeV < mH < 195 GeV
SM-5* 155 GeV < mH 150 GeV < mH
SM-6* 150 GeV < mH 145 GeV < mH
Accessible mass range of the Higgs boson at the TevatronE. Arik et al, hep-ph/0502050 (Feb 2005)
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Tevatron 2005 -2006
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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SM only a factor 4 away
We exclude 4th generation models, for which mH=150-185
GeV
Results for HWW* (ICHEP-2006)Expected/Observed # of events for mH = 160 GeV (L ~ 950 pb-1):
G. Bernardi, ICHEP-2006
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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• We exclude 4th generation models, for which
mH=150-185 GeV or• We exclude mH=150-185 GeV, if the 4th
generation exists
Both statements at 95% CL (~2σ)+ discrepancy between “expected” and
“observed” limits
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Existence of the fourth SM family can give opportunity for Tevatron to observe the intermediate mass Higgs boson before the LHC.
However, LHC will cover whole region via “golden” mode during the first year of operation. E. Arik et al., Phys. Rev. D 66 (2002) 033003
gg → ZZ(*) → l+l-l+l- (l=e,μ)
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Link to
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Pair production at the LHC, 100 fb-1
E. Arik et al., Phys. Rev. D 58 (1998) 117701
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Future Studies for the LHC
• Reconsider pair production of 4-th family quarks (previous study in 1998)
• Impact of 4-th family on the Higgs boson searches in all channels
• Anomalous production and decays of 4-th family quarks
• Identification: u4 vs Little Higgs t’
• Identification: d4 vs isosinglet D
• 4-th family leptons ?• ...
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Flavor Democracy and the MSSMS. Sultansoy, hep-ph/0003269 (2000); A.T. Alan and S. Sultansoy, J. Phys. G 30 (2004) 937.
Usually either neutralino or gravitino are treated as the
Lightest Supersymmetric Particle.
Flavor Democracy permits for superparner of the right-handed
neutrino to be an LSP.
Then, tanβ ~ 40 if there are three (MS)SM families;
Otherwise, the fourth family is nesessary if tanβ ~ 1.
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Parameter Inflation
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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If neutrinos have Majorana nature then the total number of observable free parameters (including gauge sector) in the three family MSSM exceeds 200 !
(Therefore,) SUSY should be realized at the most fundamental (pre-)preonic level.
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Sneutrino as the LSP
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Flavor Democracy and tanβ
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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CONCLUSION(ATLAS) LHC ile ilgili yaptıklarımız ve yapacaklarımız:
1. 4-cü SM ailesi
2. Higgs bozonu
3. Isosinglet kuarklar
4. RS-LSP senaryosu
5. Preonik modeller
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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CONCLUSION (devam)
6. TIER2 → TIER1
7. SLHC• T/DAQ• Hardware (semiconductor detectors?)
8. QCD Explorer• Hızlandırıcı• Fizik• Detektör
9. DİĞER• SPL• …
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Backup slides
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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H WW* ll
H
+ u4 + d4
factor ~3 in M
CDF
2005 2006
Left: D0 Coll., Phys.Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 011801.
Right: CDF Coll., Phys. Rev. Lett (to be published)
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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The Fourth SM Family and Particle Factories
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Breaking of the DMM A.K. Ciftci, R. Ciftci and S. Sultansoy, Phys. Rev. D 72 (2005) 053006
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Eigenvalues of matrix (19) give as the masses of the corresponding fermions which are used to fix the values of parameters α, β and γ.
Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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Saleh Sultansoy TR-ATLAS Grid Workshop 19-21.06.2008 Gaziantep
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