Safety 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4Safety 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4

I can identify potential hazards for myself, I can identify potential hazards for myself, co-workers, patients, and visitors; and co-workers, patients, and visitors; and will prevent illness and injury by following will prevent illness and injury by following policies and procedures.policies and procedures. I can prevent the spread of infection by I can prevent the spread of infection by

demonstrating proper handwashing. demonstrating proper handwashing. I can demonstrate principles of proper body I can demonstrate principles of proper body

mechanics.mechanics.

I can appropriately use equipment.I can appropriately use equipment. I can demonstrate proper emergency I can demonstrate proper emergency

protocols.protocols.

Safety in the Safety in the Working Working EnvironmentEnvironment

Chapter 9 pg 142Chapter 9 pg 142

Define: Body Alignment, Body Define: Body Alignment, Body Mechanics, SafetyMechanics, Safety

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

What is the purpose for keeping the What is the purpose for keeping the medical environment safe?medical environment safe?

Who is at risk for having an incident?Who is at risk for having an incident? Why should I practice proper body Why should I practice proper body

alignment and body mechanics.alignment and body mechanics.

SafetySafety

Safety is the basic need of all peopleSafety is the basic need of all peoplePracticing safety precautions is an Practicing safety precautions is an everyday activityeveryday activity

Key TermKey Term

Safe environment- Person has a low risk Safe environment- Person has a low risk of becoming ill or injured, the person of becoming ill or injured, the person feels safe and secure physically and feels safe and secure physically and psychologically, the person feels psychologically, the person feels comfortable (not afraid)comfortable (not afraid)

External External EnvironmentEnvironmentExternal environment- temperature, External environment- temperature, humidity, noise, light, ventilation, humidity, noise, light, ventilation, neatness, odor and privacyneatness, odor and privacy

TemperatureTemperature

Comfortable at range from 68Comfortable at range from 68˚ ˚ to 72to 72˚ ˚ FahrenheitFahrenheit

Some rooms have individual controlsSome rooms have individual controls Fans and heaters may be needed to aid Fans and heaters may be needed to aid

in pt comfortin pt comfort

HumidityHumidity

Amount of moisture in airAmount of moisture in air Range is 30% to 50%Range is 30% to 50% Very low dries nasal passagesVery low dries nasal passages Vaporizers or humidifiers may be needed Vaporizers or humidifiers may be needed

VentilationVentilation

Movement of airMovement of air Air-conditioning is used for ventilation Air-conditioning is used for ventilation

and temp. controland temp. control

Light regulationLight regulation

Photophobia- a disorder in the nervous Photophobia- a disorder in the nervous sx where light is painful to eyessx where light is painful to eyes

Sunny well lit room is cheerful and may Sunny well lit room is cheerful and may improve pt’s spiritsimprove pt’s spirits

Use of colorUse of color

Bight colors may be to stimulatingBight colors may be to stimulating Usually subdued pastels are used on pt Usually subdued pastels are used on pt

roomsrooms

Noise ControlNoise Control

Negative factorNegative factor Talking, laughingTalking, laughing Equipment and machinery are often Equipment and machinery are often

noisy as rolled down hallwaynoisy as rolled down hallway

Neatness and OrderNeatness and Order

Keep uncluttered, neat, tidyKeep uncluttered, neat, tidy Safety (Fire Marshall)Safety (Fire Marshall) Pt, Visitor, StaffPt, Visitor, Staff

Prevention and Control of Prevention and Control of OdorsOdors

Odors may be pleasant or unpleasantOdors may be pleasant or unpleasant Dispose of items properlyDispose of items properly Remove items that may cause odor – Remove items that may cause odor –

fruit, flowers, ect.fruit, flowers, ect. Good hygieneGood hygiene Good ventilation and cleanliness are Good ventilation and cleanliness are

more effective than air spraymore effective than air spray

PrivacyPrivacy

HIPAA- Health Insurance Portability and HIPAA- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability ActAccountability Act

KnockKnock Close curtainClose curtain

Essential Question Essential Question Reflection from yesterdayReflection from yesterday

Write two or three complete sentences in Write two or three complete sentences in response to the following question. response to the following question.

What is the purpose for keeping the What is the purpose for keeping the medical environment safe and list three medical environment safe and list three ways that you as a PTA (physical therapist ways that you as a PTA (physical therapist assistant) can ensure a safe environment assistant) can ensure a safe environment for yourself, patient, visitors and staff.for yourself, patient, visitors and staff.

..

SAFETY IN A HEALTH SAFETY IN A HEALTH CARE FACILITYCARE FACILITY

Safety hazards exist in health care Safety hazards exist in health care facilitiesfacilities

Some pts are more likely to have an Some pts are more likely to have an accident than othersaccident than others

Pt must be protected from infection, falls, Pt must be protected from infection, falls, equipment and disastersequipment and disasters

In order to give SAFE care you must give In order to give SAFE care you must give the right patient the right carethe right patient the right care

Always knock, Identify patientAlways knock, Identify patient

Safety issues in the Safety issues in the healthcare environmenthealthcare environment

InfectionInfection FallsFalls EquipmentEquipment DisastersDisasters FireFire

Providing a safe Providing a safe environmentenvironment

Safety is necessary in preventing Safety is necessary in preventing accidents and in reducing the possibility accidents and in reducing the possibility of lawsuitsof lawsuits Falls Falls BurnsBurns Cuts/bruisesCuts/bruises Altercations with othersAltercations with others ChokingChoking Electrical shockElectrical shock

Risk FactorsRisk Factors

AgeAge ConfusedConfused Impaired sensesImpaired senses Paralyzed –Paralyzed –

Paraplegic,Paraplegic, QuadriplegicQuadriplegic HemiplegicsHemiplegics

MedicationsMedications

Asepsis and Infection Asepsis and Infection ControlControl

Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions Standard PrecautionsStandard Precautions Medical asepsis- techniques and skills Medical asepsis- techniques and skills

used to keep medical setting free of used to keep medical setting free of disease causing microorganismsdisease causing microorganisms Hand washing is the single most important Hand washing is the single most important

way to prevent the spread of infectionway to prevent the spread of infection Safety skill for you and othersSafety skill for you and others

When and how should When and how should you wash handsyou wash hands

HOWHOW Warm water and soapWarm water and soap Scrub for a minimum of 15 secondsScrub for a minimum of 15 seconds

WhenWhen Before and after giving careBefore and after giving care After touching contaminated materials or After touching contaminated materials or

equipmentequipment After going to the bathroomAfter going to the bathroom Before handling foodBefore handling food

Causes of infectionsCauses of infections

Microorganisms – a very small living Microorganisms – a very small living thing (plant or animal) that can only be thing (plant or animal) that can only be seen with a microscopeseen with a microscope Pathogen-causes illnessPathogen-causes illness Nonpathogen-usually doesn’t cause Nonpathogen-usually doesn’t cause

illness/infection microscopeillness/infection microscope

MicroorganismsMicroorganisms Are living and must have the following to live Are living and must have the following to live

and growand grow MoistureMoisture FoodFood OxygenOxygen TemperatureTemperature DarknessDarkness

Incapable of moving by themselves so rely on Incapable of moving by themselves so rely on other vehicles for transportation from site to other vehicles for transportation from site to sitesite

Nosocomial infectionsNosocomial infections

Essential QuestionEssential Question

Who is at risk for having an Who is at risk for having an incident/accident and why are they at incident/accident and why are they at risk?risk?

MicroorganismsMicroorganisms

For an infection to occurFor an infection to occur Escape reservoir /host (where they multiply)Escape reservoir /host (where they multiply) Be transmitted to another hostBe transmitted to another host

Skin, clothingSkin, clothing Furniture, supplies, equipmentFurniture, supplies, equipment Sneezing, coughingSneezing, coughing

Most common method of transporting Most common method of transporting microorganism is by direct contact with microorganism is by direct contact with infected personinfected person

Chain of infectionChain of infection

Causativeagent

Reservoir

Portal of exitMethod of

transmission

Susceptible host

Portal of entry

Ways to prevent the Ways to prevent the spread of infectionspread of infection

Clean technique – hand washingClean technique – hand washing Disinfecting – sprays kills pathogenic Disinfecting – sprays kills pathogenic

onlyonly Sterilization – kills all microorganisms Sterilization – kills all microorganisms

pathogenic and nonpathogenicpathogenic and nonpathogenic

Signs and Sx of InfectionSigns and Sx of Infection

FeverFever SwellingSwelling RednessRedness PussPuss

Preventing FallsPreventing Falls

Remove foreign objectsRemove foreign objects Clean Spills immediately and post Clean Spills immediately and post

caution signcaution sign If high risk provide assistanceIf high risk provide assistance Other precautionsOther precautions

Side rails, Hand rails, Bed in lowest position, Side rails, Hand rails, Bed in lowest position, Night lights, Nonskid shoes, Call light within Night lights, Nonskid shoes, Call light within reach, Restraintsreach, Restraints

Body alignment and Body alignment and movementmovement

One of the most common injuries to One of the most common injuries to PTA’s is severe muscle strain of the PTA’s is severe muscle strain of the lower backlower back

Muscle strain is painful and recovery is Muscle strain is painful and recovery is longlong

It is preventableIt is preventable Causes : improper body alignment, loss Causes : improper body alignment, loss

of balance, poor body movementsof balance, poor body movements

Body MechanicsBody Mechanics

Body mechanics- a term used to refer to Body mechanics- a term used to refer to the way in which the body moves and the way in which the body moves and maintains its balance by the most maintains its balance by the most efficient use of all its partsefficient use of all its parts

Body alignment – proper relationship of Body alignment – proper relationship of the body segments to one anotherthe body segments to one another

Balanced- stable, steady (not likely to Balanced- stable, steady (not likely to trip)trip)

3 main principles of body 3 main principles of body mechanicsmechanics

Using largest and strongest musclesUsing largest and strongest muscles Maintain center of gravity by keeping Maintain center of gravity by keeping

object close to center of the base of object close to center of the base of supportsupport

Having a broad base of supportHaving a broad base of support PositionsPositions

Supine – laying flat of backSupine – laying flat of back Lateral – on sideLateral – on side Fowlers – sitting up in bedFowlers – sitting up in bed

Before Beginning Body Before Beginning Body MovementMovement

Align Body and balance body with weight Align Body and balance body with weight distributed evenly on both feetdistributed evenly on both feet

Knees slightly flexedKnees slightly flexed Tuck in buttocksTuck in buttocks Keep abdomen up and in Keep abdomen up and in Raise rib cageRaise rib cage Keep head erectKeep head erect

Safety rules for Safety rules for restraintsrestraints

Check pulse every 15 minutesCheck pulse every 15 minutes Proper body alignmentProper body alignment Make sure pt can breath easilyMake sure pt can breath easily Remove and reposition every 2 hrsRemove and reposition every 2 hrs Call light within reachCall light within reachMUST HAVE A PHYSCIAN ORDERMUST HAVE A PHYSCIAN ORDER

Accidents due to Accidents due to equipmentequipment

Never operate equipment unless you Never operate equipment unless you know how to do so properlyknow how to do so properly

Report any unsafe situation or equipment Report any unsafe situation or equipment to your instructor/supervisor immediatelyto your instructor/supervisor immediately

The third prong on the electric plug The third prong on the electric plug serves as a groundserves as a ground

Prior to use inspect your equipment for Prior to use inspect your equipment for damage, loose parts, frayed cordsdamage, loose parts, frayed cords

Disasters- sudden Disasters- sudden catastrophic event in which catastrophic event in which many people are killed and many people are killed and property is destroyedproperty is destroyed

NaturalNatural Man-madeMan-made

Fire- Fire- KNOW YOUR KNOW YOUR

POLICY AND POLICY AND PROCEDUREPROCEDURE

R-rescueR-rescue A-alarmA-alarm C-containC-contain E-extinguishE-extinguish

Know your escape Know your escape plan, know location plan, know location of emergency exits of emergency exits and fire extinguishersand fire extinguishers

P-PullP-Pull A-AimA-Aim S-SqueezeS-Squeeze S-SwipeS-Swipe

3 things needed to start a fire: spark or flame, a material that will burn and oxygen

Preventing BurnsPreventing Burns Always be alert for safety hazardsAlways be alert for safety hazards Test the temp of heating devices, soaksTest the temp of heating devices, soaks Inspect electrical plugs, cords and Inspect electrical plugs, cords and

equipment prior to useequipment prior to use Combustible materials (oily rags) need to Combustible materials (oily rags) need to

be stored properlybe stored properly O2 tanks and gas containers under O2 tanks and gas containers under

pressure should be secured with straps pressure should be secured with straps to prevent falling – NO SMOKINGto prevent falling – NO SMOKING

Reporting accidentsReporting accidents

Person involvedPerson involved DateDate TimeTime LocationLocation Eye witnessesEye witnesses Account of accident/incidentAccount of accident/incident

Safety in the HomeSafety in the Home

Falls -# 1 cause for injuryFalls -# 1 cause for injury BurnsBurns PoisoningPoisoning Suffocation - #1 cause for deathSuffocation - #1 cause for death

The termination of breathing The termination of breathing resulting in lack of oxygenresulting in lack of oxygen

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