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Aviation Weather 27% of all aviation accidents are weather- related, and that over 90% of all weather accidents were caused by pilot error, deficiencies in pilot judgment, and shortcomings having to do with any number of other problems of pilot origin 27%
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Safer Skies• The Safer Skies
agenda originated in 1998 when the Administrator and her team identified the most critical and most common causes for aviation accidents.
Risk Management
• The Safer Skies program in general is about identifying risk issues and doing something about them.
Aviation Weather
• 27% of all aviation accidents are weather-related, and that over 90% of all weather accidents were caused by pilot error, deficiencies in pilot judgment, and shortcomings having to do with any number of other problems of pilot origin
•27%
Aviation Weather
• 27% of all aviation accidents are weather-related, and that over 90% of all weather accidents were caused by pilot error, deficiencies in pilot judgment, and shortcomings having to do with any number of other problems of pilot origin
• Over 90%
Information Management
• A pilot needs to go beyond just knowing about weather;
Information Management
• A pilot needs to know how to plan for it and deal with it in the course of a flight
Pilot Responsibility
• It’s not weather that crashes airplanes . . . It’s pilots making bad decisions about weather
PPP
• A simple way to apply the decision making process is the three P’s . . . Perceive, Process, Perform
Dangerous Business
9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138
million flight hours.
Dangerous Business
• 9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138 million flight hours
• one accident for every 1500 flight hours
Dangerous Business
• 9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138 million flight hours.
• one accident for every 1500 flight hours
• Of these 9087 accidents, 1716 were fatal
Dangerous Business
• 9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138 million flight hours.
• one accident for every 1500 flight hours
Dangerous Business
• Of these 9087 accidents, 1716 were fatal
• resulting in 2976 deaths
• 27% of all G.A. accidents are weather related
Dangerous Business
• 27% of all G.A. accidents are weather related
• 490 per year relate to weather
• 30% of weather accidents are fatal
Dangerous Business
• 254 deaths per year that can be attributed to weather and pilots’ inability to cope with the conditions and the circumstances
Solutions
• Knowledge• Training• Discipline
Solutions
KNOWLEDGE
• Common Sense
• Education
Solutions
KNOWLEDGE
• Common Sense
• Education
Solutions
TRAINING• Initial Training
Solutions
TRAINING• Initial Training• Additional Aircraft
Solutions
TRAINING• Initial Training• Additional Aircraft• Additional Ratings
Solutions
TRAINING• Initial Training• Additional Aircraft• Additional Ratings• Experience
Solutions
TRAINING• Initial Training• Additional Aircraft• Additional Ratings• Experience• Competency
Checks
Solutions
TRAINING• Initial Training• Additional Aircraft• Additional Ratings• Experience• Competency
Checks• Recurrent
Training
Solutions
DISCIPLINE• Practice
Solutions
DISCIPLINE• Practice• Currency
Solutions
DISCIPLINE• Practice• Currency• Review
Solutions
DISCIPLINE• Practice• Currency• Review• Commitment
Weather Information
• Presentation
• Understanding
Weather Sources
Official Sources
• NWS• FAA
Weather Sources
Sources• DUATS• DTN• WSI• NWS• ARTCC• TWEB/AWOS/ASOS/ATIS
Weather Sources
• NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE
Weather Sources
• NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE
• AVIATION WEATHER CENTER
Weather Sources
• NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE
• AVIATION WEATHER CENTER
• NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
Weather Sources
• NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE
• AVIATION WEATHER CENTER
• NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
• FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
What Do You Need?
LOCAL FLIGHTPLANNING
• Wind• Visibility• Developing
Weather
What Do You Need?
BEYONDVICINITY
• Current information per FAR 91.103
Weather Threats
• Turbulence• Convection
• Icing• Obstructions to Visibility
Weather Threats
• Frontal Boundaries
Weather Threats
Air Mass
Weather Threats
Fronts
Weather Threats
Fronts• Cold Front
• Unstable
• Warm Front• stable
Weather Threats
Warm Frontal Region conducive to:
• Icing• Fog• Low level clouds• Rain/Mist
Weather Threats
Icing• Moisture
• Temperatures between +2º Celsius and - 40º Celsius
Weather Threats
Icing Options
• Turn Around• Ascend• Descend
Weather Threats
Icing• Rime
• Clear
Weather Threats
Icing
• Rime• Opaque• Milky Colored
Weather Threats
Icing• Clear
• Less Opaque• Denser• Smoother• SLD
Weather Threats
Clear Air Turbulence
• Hundreds of Miles Downwind
• Leeward of Mountains
Weather Threats
Thunderstorms
• Cumulonimbus
• Unstable Air
Weather Threats
Thunderstorms
• Growth
Weather Threats
Thunderstorms
• Mature
Weather Threats
Thunderstorms
• Dissipating
Weather Threats
Microbursts• Sudden and
Intense Windstorms Preceding a Thunderstorm
Weather Threats
Obscuration to Visibility
• Fog• Low Ceilings• Haze
Weather Information
Pre-flight
• Newspaper• Radio• Internet• Telephone• Personal Briefing• Personal Observation
Weather Information
In-flight• Personal Observation• ARTCC/ATC• Radio Contact with FSS• AWOS/ASOS/ATIS/TWEBs• VOR Voice Monitoring• FISDL Links
Weather Information
Pre-flight
• DTN• WSI• DUATS• OTHERS
Weather Information
Pre-flight
• Satellite View
Weather Information
Pre-flight
• Radar View• Surface
Analysis
Weather Information
Pre-flight
• Satellite View• Surface
Analysis• Winds Aloft
Weather Information
Pre-flight
• Satellite View• Surface
Analysis• Winds Aloft• Regional Radar
Weather Information
Pre-flight
• Satellite View• Surface Analysis• Winds Aloft• Regional Radar• FA
1038 AMD SYNOPSIS AND VFR CLDS/WX SYNOPSIS VALID UNTIL 140300 CLDS/WX VALID UNTIL 132100...OTLK
VALID 132100-140300 ME NH VT MA RI CT NY LO NJ PA OH LE
WV MD DC DE VA AND CSTL WTRS
OH LE..UPDT OVC010-020 LYRD FL250. VIS 3-5SM
SHRA/-SHRA BR. ERN HLF SCT -TSRA. CB TOP FL410. AFT 13Z VCNTY
LE NELY WND 20G30KT. OTLK...IFR CIG RA BR.
Weather Information
Pre-flight
• Satellite View• Surface Analysis• Winds Aloft• Regional Radar• FA• METAR
Approximate Time: Thu, 27 Nov 2003 19:33:33 UTC
METARs for kvld kluk klex KLEX 271854Z 00000KT 2 1/2SM
-RA BR OVC016 09/09 A2995 RMK AO2
SLP141 P0002 T00940089 $= KLUK 271853Z 00000KT 5SM -
RA BR OVC006 09/08 A2996 RMK AO2 SLP145
P0003 T00890083= KVLD 271853Z 19010KT 10SM
BKN042 BKN049 26/17 A3008 RMK AO2 SLP194
T02610167=
Weather Information
Pre-flight
• Satellite View• Surface Analysis• Winds Aloft• Regional Radar• FA• METAR• TAF
KLUK 271740Z 271818 19004KT 4SM -RA BR SCT006 OVC025
TEMPO 1819 2SM RA BR OVC006
FM1900 22005KT 5SM BR OVC010
Weather Information
Pre-flight
• Satellite View
Weather Information
Pre-flight
• Surface Analysis
• Surface Forecast
Weather Information
Pre-flight
• Wind and Temperature
• FD
Weather Information
Pre-flight
• Regional Radar
Weather Information
Pre-flight
• Area Forecast (FA)• Issued 3 times daily• 4 times in Hawaii • 18 hour synopsis
• 1038 AMD • SYNOPSIS AND VFR CLDS/WX • SYNOPSIS VALID UNTIL 140300 • CLDS/WX VALID UNTIL
132100...OTLK VALID 132100-140300
• ME NH VT MA RI CT NY LO NJ PA OH LE WV MD DC DE VA AND CSTL WTRS
• OH LE..UPDT • OVC010-020 LYRD FL250. VIS
3-5SM SHRA/-SHRA BR. ERN HLF SCT
• -TSRA. CB TOP FL410. AFT 13Z VCNTY LE NELY WND 20G30KT.
• OTLK...IFR CIG RA BR.
Weather Information
FA
GASERN . . . BKN-OVC-015. TOPS O30. VIS 3-5 SM
BR. 16-17Z BKN 030. 18-20Z SCT-BKN040 BKN CI. OTLK . . . VFR
Weather Information
Pre-flight• Aerodrome
Terminal Forecast (TAF)
• Issued 4 times daily • Valid for 24 hours
• KLUK 271740Z 271818 19004KT 4SM -RA BR SCT006 OVC025
• TEMPO 1819 2SM RA BR OVC006
• FM1900 22005KT 5SM BR OVC010
Weather Information
TAFKLUK 271404Z 271412 16004KT 3SM – RA BR
SCTO25 OVC 045TEMPO 1416 1SM RA BR SCT015 OVC045
Weather Information
Pre-flight
• METAR• Issued Hourly (at
least)
KLUK 271853Z 00000KT 5SM -RA BR OVC006 09/08 A2996 RMK AO2 SLP145
P0003 T00890083=
Weather Information
METAR
KLUK 271604Z 00000KT 2SM RA BR FEW008 BKN024 0VC029 08/07 A3002 RMK A02 P0002=
Weather Information
Pre-flight
AFSS• Outlook Briefing
• 6 hours or more in the future
Weather Information
Pre-flight
AFSS• Standard Briefing
• If you have not received a previous briefing
Weather Information
Pre-flight
AFSS• Abbreviated Briefing
• If you just need to supplement current information
Weather Information
PIREPS In-flight• Flight Watch
122.0• Flight Service (on published
frequencies)
Weather Information
In-flight• AWOS(Automatic Weather Observation System)• ASOS(Automatic Surface Observation System)• ATIS(Automatic Terminal Information System)• HIWAS(Hazardous Information Weather Advisory
System)• TWEB(Transcribed Weather Broadcast)• WEATHER ADVISORY BROADCASTS
Weather Information
Aeronautical Information
Manual(AIM)
Flight Planning
Visualization
Weather Planning
Weather Planning
Flight Planning
Flight Planning
Flight Planning
Flight Planning
Flight Planning
Flight Planning
