LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS

LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS

PRELIMINARY LIFTING OPERATIONS’ VERIFICATION:

• Weight evaluation• Sling lifting point• Cranes lifting capacity ( diagrams and lifting

chart ) • Weight ripartition • Sling lifting point WEIGHT SLINGING VERIFICATION:

• Lifting gear capacity• Use of soft materials between sharp

edge and the sling

RECOMMENDED SLING ANGLE

SLINGING AND LIFTING OF LOADS

LIFTING OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY VERIFICATION:

• Presence of materials not secured• Pay attention to the positions of hands &

feet• Knowledge of conventional crane signal• The weight must be free from obstruction

and not connected to the ground• Horseplay or standing on lifted weight is

forbidden.• Keep the weight close to the ground

level.

LIFTING OPERATIONS SHIFTING OF LOAD

SLINGING AND LOAD’S LIFTING

CHOKER HITCH

THE CAPACITY OF A CHOKER HITCH IS 75%TO 80% OF THE SINGLE LEG.

CHAIN, WIRE ROPE AND SYNTHETIC SLINGS ARE AFFECTED

• THE CHOKER HITCH IS OFTEN USED WHEN GRIPPING THE LOAD & WILL IMPROVE LOAD CONTROL.THE CAPACITY OF A CHOKER HITCH IS BASED ON THE HITCH BEING PROPERLY FORMED. IN OTHER FOR THE FULL CHOKER CAPACITY TO BE AVAILABLE, THE ANGLE OF CHOKE FOR ALL TYPE OF SLINGS SHOULD BE AT LEAST 120°

LIFTING OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY VERIFICATION:

• presence of obstruction in the working area.

• weight landing area clearly defined.• don’t keep the load suspended.• good stacking position ( pipe).• slowly raise the weight.

LIFTING OPERATIONS LOWERING OF LOADS

CALCULATION OF MATERIALS’ WEIGHT

CALCULATION OF MATERIALS’ WEIGHT

CALCULATION OF MATERIALS’ WEIGHT

MEASURAMENT UNIT WEIGHT IN KG.

ONE CUBIC METER 7600 - 8100 KG.

WATER AT 4 DEGREE C' ONE CUBIC METER 1000 KG.

ASBESTOS ONE CUBIC METER 2100 - 2800 KG.

BRONZE ONE CUBIC METER 7500 - 8300 KG.

CONCRETE ONE CUBIC METER 2200 - 2500 KG.

ALLUMINIUM ONE CUBIC METER 2800 KG.

IRON ONE CUBIC METER 7400 - 7900 KG.

CAST IRON ONE CUBIC METER 7000 - 7800 KG.

WOOD ONE CUBIC METER 760 - 950 KG.

NICHEL ONE CUBIC METER 8900 - 9200 KG.

BRASS ONE CUBIC METER 8500 - 8600 KG.

STONE ONE CUBIC METER 3000 KG.

LEAD ONE CUBIC METER 11200 - 11300 KG.

COPPER ONE CUBIC METER 8600 - 8900 KG.

SAND ONE CUBIC METER 2000 KG.

TIN ONE CUBIC METER 7300 - 7500 KG.

ZINC ONE CUBIC METER 7200 KG.

STEEL

MATERIALS

CONVENTIONAL WEIGHT OF MATERIALS

CENTER OF GRAVITY AND SLING LOADING

SLING 1 SLING 2

10000kg

D1=5m D2=5m

WHEN LIFTING VERTICALLY,THE LOAD WILL BE SHARED EQUALLY IF, THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY IS PLACED EQUALLY. IF THE WEIGHT OF THE LOAD IS 10000Kg, THEN EACH SLING WILL HAVE A LOAD OF 5000Kg. EACH SHACKLE AND EYE BOLT WILL ALSO HAVE A LOAD OF 5000Kg.

SLING 1 SLING 2

D1=5m D2=5m

10000kg

CENTER OF GRAVITY AND SLING LOADING

THE LOCATION OF THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY RELATIVE TO THE PICK POINTS IS A VERY IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION

CENTER OF GRAVITY AND SLING LOADING

SLING 1 SLING 2

10000kg

D1=8m D2=2m

WHEN THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY IS NOT EQUALLY SPACED THE PICK POINTS, THE SLINGS AND FITTINGS WILL NOT CARRY AN EQUAL SHARE OF THE LOAD. THE SLING CONNECTED TO THE PICK POINT CLOSEST TO THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY WILL CARRY THE GREATEST SHARE OF THE LOAD.SLING 2 IS CLOSEST TO C.O.G,IT WILL HAVE THE GREATEST SHARE OF LOAD:SLING2=10000 X 8/(8+2)=8000kgSLING1=10000 X 2/(8+2)=2000kg

IN MOST LIFTS, ONLY A SINGLE HOOK IS AVAILABLE. THIS MEANS THAT MULTIPLE LEG SLINGS MUST BE COLLECTED AT THE LOAD HOOK. WHEN THIS IS DONE, WE FORM WHAT WE CALL A RIGGING TRIANGLE. THE INCLUDED ANGLE IS CHECKED FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF HOIST HOOK OR COLLECTOR RING. THE SLING ANGLE MUST BE KNOWN TO PROPERLY SELECT SLINGS AND FITTINGS AT THE LOAD CONNECTION.

THE RIGGING TRIANGLE AND THE WORKING LOAD LIMITS OF RIGGING

GEARALL ADD TO 180 DEGREES

VERTICAL SLING ANGLE

HORIZONTAL SLING ANGLE

HORIZONTAL SLING ANGLE

LOAD

INCLUDED ANGLE

THE RIGGING TRIANGLE BASIC FACTS

SIDE LOADING CAN OCCUR AT LOAD.SLING LENGTH AFFECTS HORIZONTAL SLING ANGLE.30° VERTICAL SLING ANGLE IS BEST, 60° IS WORST.AS VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BECOMES LARGER, THE LOAD IS “CRUSHED” AND SLINGS WORK HARDER.THE FITTINGS AT LOAD CONNECTION SEE SAME LOAD AS SLING.

THE RIGGING TRIANGLE 30 DEGREE VERTICAL SLING

ANGLEYOU HAVE A 30° (OR SMALLER) VERTICAL SLING ANGLE WHEN:LENGTH OF SLING (INCLUDES SHACKLE) IS EQUAL TO OR LONGER THAN DISTANCE BETWEEN PICK POINTS

TAPE

LENGTH OF SLING

DISTANCE BETWEEN PICK POINTS

AS THE SLING LENGTH IS SHORTENED, THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE IS INCREASED AS THE SLING LENGTH IS INCREASED, THE SLING ANGLE IS DECREASED.

NEVER FOUL THE LATCH OF ANY HOOK, CARE MUST BE TAKEN WHEN PLACING SLINGS INTO HOOK. NEVER “FOUL” A LATCH BY ALLOWING THE SLING TO BEAR AGAINST THE LATCH.

THE INCLUDED ANGLE HOIST HOOKSDO NOT EXCEED

90 DEGREES.THE WORKING LOAD DEPENDS ON IT AND THE SLINGS SIT IN THE BASE OF THE HOOK AND CLEAR OF THE LATCH.

INCLUDED ANGLE: 90 DEGREES MAXIMUM

THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE LOAD MULTIPLIER

AS THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BECOMES GREATER, THE SLINGS AND FITTINGS AT THE LOAD CONNECTION WORK HARDER. THE SLINGS ALSO PLACE MORE CRUSHING FORCE ON THE LOAD.

EACH SLING SEES 1/2 OF WEIGHT.PLUS CRUSHING LOAD

AS VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BECOMES LARGER, THE CRUSHING LOAD GOES UP.

SLING LOAD= VERTICAL LOAD X FACTOR

30° 45° 60° 80°1.155 1.414 2.0 5.789(1.2) (1.4) (2) (6) SLING LOAD= VERTICAL LOAD X L/H

10 30 45 60 DEGREES

THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE LOAD MULTIPLIER

ANGLE GREATER AS THE SLING ANGLE APROACHES 60°,THE MULTIPLIER INCREASES SIGNIFICANTLY. ABOVE 60° THE MULTIPLIER INCREASES EVEN MORE DRAMATICALLY. NEVER ALLOW A VERTICAL SLING THAN 60°.

THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE L/H AND LOAD MULTIPLIER

IN THE RIGGING TRIANGLE, IF YOU TAKE THE LENGTH OF THE SLING,( BEARING POINT TO BEARING POINT) AND DIVIDE BY THE DROP, YOU HAVE THE LOAD MULTIPLIER.

L/H = LOAD MULTIPLIER

H

L

MEASURE THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BY USE OF L/H

THE USE OF L/H OFFERS US SEVERAL TOOLS THAT CAN BE USED IN RIGGING. THE MOST BASIC TOOL IS THAT THE SLING ANGLE CAN BE MEASURED BY USE OF A TAPE MEASURE.

H

L

IF L/H VERTICAL ANGLE1.155 (1.2) 30 DEGREES1.414 (1.4) 45 DEGREES2 60 DEGREES

CALCULATE THE LOAD IN EACH LEG BY USE OF L/H

A MORE POWERFUL TOOL IS THE USE OF L/H TO CALCULATE THE LOAD IN EACH SLING LEG AND IN THE FITTING AT THE LOAD CONNECTION. REMEMBER THAT THE LOAD MULTIPLIER INCREASE THE VERTICAL LOAD(THE LOAD IF THE SLINGS WERE PULLING STRAIGHT UP).

HL

IF L/H THEN LOAD1.2 1.2 X 5000=6000 kg1.4 1.4 X 5000=7000kg2 2 X 5000=10000kg

10000kg

DETERMINE CAPACITY OF BRIDLE IF ANGLE DIFFERENT FROM THAT

ON TAGIF VERTICAL SLING ANGLE IS GREATER THAN THE ANGLE INDICATED ON THE TAG, THE SLING CAPACITY MUST BE DERATED

CAPACITY= CAPACITY ON TAG X L/H FOR ANGLE ON TAG

L/H FOR ACTUAL ANGLE

LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS

LIFTING CAPACITY VARIATIONRELATED WITH THE SLINGS

ANGLE

LIFTING OPERATIONS SLINGING REMOVAL AND HOOK RAISING

LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS

• SLINGS, CHAINS & LIFTING GEAR

VERIFICATION OF METALLIC SLINGS

WHEN IS IT REQUIRED TO REPLACE THE SLING ?

LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS

CAUSES OF SLINGS BREAKING:

• Overloading

• Bending on shape edge

• Reductions of resisting sections (wire broken).

• Wire squeeze

• Wire eccessively worn

METALLIC ROPES BREAKING CAUSESAND MAJOR DAMAGE

LIFTING OPERATIONS SLINGS, CHAINS & LIFTING GEAR

• WORK HARDENING

• WEAR

• LOOSE WELDING

• FLESSION ACTIONS

• YIELD

CHAINS LIFTING CAPACITY REDUCTION RELATED TO THE

WORKING ANGLE

LIFTING OPERATIONS

DISTANCE

DIAMETER OF THE BOLT

CLAMPS AND PULLEY SECTION

LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS

COMMON INJURIES HAPPENED AT THE RIGGERS:

• Squeeze ( at finger, feet & hands ).

• Abrasion, cutting, prick.

• Contusion in some part of the body.

• Falling from elevation.

LIFTING OPERATIONS