Sacred Geography of the Northwest amazon

8/4/2019 Sacred Geography of the Northwest amazon

1/61

Ds~erbgqlr gon ~elc{ dlgocojr co ~el OZ Gdg}io

Ds~erbgqlr gon êlc{ Dlgocojr/

[/D/ Z{cje~ %;177#

L~eoij{gqecb dgqqcoj r|qqi{~r ~el lucr~lobl i` g

rgb{ln jlij{gqes co Kgoczg)F|{cqgfi)Zgf|logc

~l{{c~i{s ~e{i|jei|~ ~el Oi{~ezlr~ Gdg}io ki{nl{ i`

K{g}ch( Plol}|lhg gon Bihidkcg ~eg~ cr {lhg~ln ~i ~el

G{gzgfgo b{lg~cio ~{gnc~cior/ ÊCR RGB[LN JLIJ[GQES

cobh|nlr ql~{ijhsqer( zg~l{`ghhr( echhr( gon i~el{

hgonrbgql `lg~|{lr( qhgblr zel{l rcjoc`cbgo~ lplo~r

~ihn co ~el rgb{ln r~i{clr g{l {ldldkl{ln= ~el

kljcoocoj i` ~el |ocpl{rl( ~el `c{r~ coc~cg~cio {c~|gh(

gon o|dl{i|r i~el{ lplo~r i` dgmi{ cdqi{~gobl/ êl

Goblr~i{r( ~el Kgoczg klhclpl( hl`~ ~elrl `lg~|{lr gr

dldi{clr %~{gblr ehcoggqcg# ì{ ~elc{ nlrblongo~r

%zghcdgogc# i` zeg~ ~els egn lr~gkhcreln)b{lg~ln ì{

ghh ~cdlr/

7


2/61


Oi{~el{o G{gzgfgo$rqlgfcoj Qliqhlr %L~oihhgoir( o/n/#

;


3/61


^elrl rc~lr bgo kl |onl{r~iin gr qi{~ghr ~i ~el

rgb{ln( g bioblq~ ~eg~ Pcol NlHi{cg |rln ~i {l`l{ ~i

Og~cpl Oi{~e Gdl{cbgo rgb{ln jlij{gqes=

R|be qi{~ghr rei|hn oi~ kl hcdc~ln co rc}l

i{ rbghl/ Ridl dgs kl hg{jl co ~elc{ jlij{gqecbgh

lu~lo~ zechl i~el{r g{l hcdc~ln co rc}l/ %#~els

g{l oi~ iohs qirc~cioln co jlij{gqes k|~ ghri

qirc~cioln co ~cdl( r|be ~eg~ ~els klbidl rgb{ln

~cdl)rqgblr %7>


4/61


lugdqhl/ Zeg~ C zchh ~{s ~i reiz cr eiz ~elrl

ds~erbgqlr dgs bi{{lrqion ~i ncr~cob~ l~eocb j{i|qr(

gon ~elc{ ~l{{c~i{clr( lgbe i` zecbe regqlr c~r izo

birdihijs co ^ecr Zi{hn ~e{i|je ~el g~~{ck|~cio i`

dlgocoj ~i jlij{gqecbgh `lg~|{lr/ Ri ~el{l g{l ncr~cob~

ds~erbgql)|ocpl{rlr i` Oi{~el{o G{gzgfgo$rqlgfcoj

qliqhlr %Kgoczg( F|{cqgfi( Kg{l# gnmgblo~ ~i lgbe

i~el{/

Ds~erbgql i` ~el Oi{~ezlr~ Gdg}io %Oi{~el{o G{gzgf#

^ecr {ljciogh dgq cr g q{lhcdcog{s pl{rcio( rcobl g

o|dkl{ i` qhgblr i` cdqi{~gobl egpl kllo hl`~ i|~( r|be

gr ~el qhgbl zel{l ~el qe{g~{cb goblr~i{r egn ~elc{

ecr~i{cb hiojei|rlr( ~el qhgblr i` ~el ri|hr i` ~el

goblr~i{r %< rdghh echhr ~e{i|jei|~ ~el {ljcio#/ Ghri(

~el{l g{l ~el ri$bghhln r~iol ei|rlr zel{l dcoi{

q{cdi{ncgh klcojr hcpln6 gocdgh ri|h ei|rlr %Cg{gng~el#

lpl{szel{l co ~el |onl{zi{hn( gr zlhh gr bgplr(

>


5/61


di|o~gcor( gon hgflr( ghh i` zecbe g{l co ridl zgs

grribcg~ln zc~e q{cdi{ncgh klcojr/

êl Ki|ong{clr i` ~el ds~erbgql zlhh kl hiifcoj g~

g{l=

$ î ~el lgr~( io ~el B|n|cg{s [cpl{( zel{l ~el{l

g{l ^|fgoigo$rqlgfcoj qliqhlr( gon iol zeihl

j{i|q ~eg~ ~ings rqlgf iohs ~el ^|fgoigo hgoj|gjl

k|~ zl{l iobl G{gzgf$rqlgfcoj/ Rgb{ln r~i{clr(

birdihijclr pl{s rcdchg{ ~i ~el Eieinlol

ds~erbgql

$ î ~el Oi{~e g{l i~el{ G{gzgf$rqlgfcoj qliqhlr6

io ~el \qql{ J|gcocg [cpl{( zl `con goi~el{

ds~erbgql zc~e rcdchg{ g{{gojldlo~ i` rgb{ln

rqgbl gon ~cdl ~eg~ bi{{lrqionr ~i ~elc{

\ocpl{rl/

$ Co rei{~( zeg~ si| `con cr g rl{clr i` ds~erbgqlr

rcdchg{ co dgos zgsr k|~ pl{s nc``l{lo~ co

i~el{r( gon ridl dg{f)qhgbl ~eg~ ncr~coj|crelr

iol `{id ~el i~el{/


6/61


0


7/61


Co ~el Kgoczg |ocpl{rl( ~el rcjoc`cbgo~ qhgblr io

~ecr lg{~e ~eg~ egpl kllo qhi~~ln io ~el DGQ g{l=

\g{gbgqi{s ( io ~el |qql{ Pg|qr( co Bihidkcgo

~l{{c~i{s( cr biorcnl{ln ~i kl ~el ldl{jlobl qhgbl i` g

Kgoczg qe{g~{s ~eg~ hg~l{ gniq~ln ~el ^|fgoigo B|kli

hgoj|gjl/ Olpl{~elhlrr( c~ cr {ldldkl{ln gr ~el rc~l i`

~el J{lg~ ^{ll i` R|r~logobl %Fgghc fg ~egngqg#(

zecbe lucr~ln co ~el `c{r~ zi{hn( klì{l ~el zi{hn

e|dgor hcpl io ~ings6 c~ zgr co go I~el{ zi{hn( pl{s

`g{ |qr~{lgd/ Zelo ~el J{lg~ ^{ll zgr b|~ nizo( ~elo

ghh e|dgoc~s ik~gcoln ìin ì{ ~elc{ jg{nlor( gon ~el

regdgor ik~gcoln ~elc{ qizl{ ikmlb~r 6

Ecqgog %qei~i " : Gl{cgh pclz i` Ecqgog `ghhr( qhgbl

i` I{cjco i` \ocpl{rl %Qei~i= D/B/ Z{cje~( ;113 #

êl dir~ rcjoc`cbgo~ qhgbl I@ GHH( c~ cr ~el kc{~eqhgbl

i` ~el |ocpl{rl gon i` e|dgoc~s ì{ pg{ci|r oi{~el{o

G{gzgfgo$rqlgfcoj qliqhlr/ Hibg~ln io ~el |qql{ Gcg{s

{cpl{( c~ cr biorcnl{ln ~i kl ~el kc{~eqhgbl ì{ ~el

:


8/61


goblr~i{r i` ~el Qcgqibi( Eieinlol( N}gzcogc(

Zg{lflog( Fgkcsg{c( S|f|og( gon ~el ^g{cgog6

êl Zghcql{l$ngflogc ldl{jlobl rc~l cr Lo|fzg Vghri

bghhln Q|fzlcqgo( g {gqcnr rhcje~hs nizo{cpl{ `{id

Ecqgog( rll qei~i ":T/êl ldl{jlobl i` ~el Kgocpg %g

ncr~cob~ l~eocb j{i|q io ~el |qql{ J|gcocg {cpl{(

g{i|on ~el ~izo i` Dg{ig# ~iif qhgbl io ~el

B|sg{c%Pcngh( 735:= 723#/

ÊL \ocpl{rl kljgo g~ Ecqgog %qei~ir " 5 & 3 PCLZ @[ID

\Q[CPL[ %C/ @IO^LR( ;171#6 ~el ki|hnl{r gon ql~{ijhsqer

~el{l chh|r~{g~l ~ecr6 ~el zi{hn gr e|dgor foiz c~ ghri

kljgo ~el{l( co ~el ì{d i` ~el bechn i` ~el R|o nlc~s

ogdln F|zgc/

Rhcnl 77= dgq i` Ecqgog gon ghh ki|hnl{r( {ibfr(

`lg~|{lr zc~e rcjoc`cbgobl( gr luqhgcoln ks ~el regdgo

Dgon| ng Rchpg %7353#6 kgrcbghhs( ~el rc~l cr ncpcnln

5


9/61


co~i |qql{ gon hizl{ egh` %lw|gh= qgf|gfg#/ ^el |qql{

egh` cr ~el hibg~cio zel{l ~el b{lg~i{ nlc~s dgnl ~el

rgb{ln `h|~lr gon ~{|dql~r `{id ~el kins i` ecr rio

F|zgc/ Ghri( ~el pchhgjl zel{l ~el `h|~lr zl{l dgnl/

Nl~gch cr reizo co rhcnl 7;/ Rlpl{gh ki|hnl{r io ~el

|qql{ qg{~ i` ~el Ecqgog {gqcnr {lq{lrlo~ ~el rgb{ln

`h|~lr i` F|zgc( zc~e ~el egzf `lg~el{r ~eg~ ldqizl{

~el `h|~lr ~i dgfl ~el picbl i` F|zgc6 [|kkhl ~eg~

{lq{lrlo~r ~el zgr~coj gzgs rcbfolrr/

Rhcnlr 72( 7>( 7


10/61


rg~ zelo rel jgpl kc{~e ~i F|zgc/6gon g `i|{~e ki|hnl{(

gqqlg{r ~i kl ~el lw|cpghlo~ i` ~el `c{r~ Gdg{|

ki|hnl{/ %Ri|{bl= L~oihhgoir( o/n/6 g|~ei{r

co~l{pclzr zc~e Dgon| ng Rchpg( ;111##

VEiz ni ~elrl ql~{ijhsqer {lq{lrlo~ zeg~ regdgor rgs

~els ni 9 Oi~ cddlncg~lhs lpcnlo~ Qhlcgnlr %4 olz

slg{#6 hc}g{n %9#( i{ {lb~gojhl %Jlol{g~ciogh ~cdl9#

Io rlpl{gh ki|hnl{r g~ Ecqgog gon g~ Q|fzlcqgo

cddlncg~lhs klhiz Ecqgog( ~el{l g{l cdgjlr i` F|zgc=

%rhcnl 70 reizr go cdgjl rcdchg{ ~i zeg~ F|zgc dgs egpl

hiifln hcfl co iol i` ecr {lq{lrlo~g~cior= gr g rl~ i`

qico~ conlo~g~cior( `i{dcoj ~el regql i` g ~{cgoj|hg{

kins( zc~e g hg{jl qgc{ i` lslr co ~el qhgbl i` c~r

elgn( gon eihncoj g kg~io co iol egon#/ Co i~el{

qhgblr( Gh~l{og~cplhs( Rhcnl 70 reizr g {lq{lrlo~g~cio

i` g `cj|{l ~eg~ dgs kl ~el Qhlcgnlr eihncoj g zecq

i{ kg~io co ~el hl`~ egon( zc~e go ipgh$regqln elgn(

gon g kins `|hh i` eihlr %zecbe bi|hn kl bior~{|ln gr

~el rqi~~ln mgj|g{ zeirl qlh~ cr bipl{ln ks zeg~ hiif

71


11/61


hcfl eihlr co zecbe bgrl( c~ bi|hn kl co~l{q{l~ln gr

~el mgj|g{ regdgo#/

Co i~el{ ql~{ijhsqer( F|zgc cr nlqcb~ln gr ~el

rhi~e i{ rqcnl{ diofls egojcoj `{id g ~{ll/ F|zgcr

kins ncrqhgsr d|h~cqhl `i{dr ~e{i|jei|~ ecr lqcb r~i{s

gon co pg{ci|r qhgblr i` ~el ds~erbgql( zecbe

chh|r~{g~l `|ongdlo~gh grqlb~r i` ~el og~|{l i` ~el

F|zgc zi{hn ~eg~ cr bidcoj co~i klcoj/

Rhcnlr 75$73 reizr co nl~gch ~el ql~{ijhsqer io

~el `ghrl F|zgc/ Qei~i ;1 ~el qhgbl zel{l Gdg{|

rg~( gon zel{l si|oj coc~cg~lr g{l luqlb~ln ~i rc~ ri

~eg~ ~els zchh egpl zlhh$`i{dln kinclr/

Qei~i ;7= ~el qhgblo~g i` F|zgc( co ~el regql i` g

r~coj{gs %ocgdg{|( ngfg~eg#6

Qei~i ;;= F|zgc loj{gpln io g hg{jl ki|hnl{ g~

Q|fzlcqgo( `gbcoj nizor~{lgd oi~l ~el ; gon 2

`cojl{ln$egonr( ~el elg{~)ri|h( ~el |dkchcbgh bi{n/

77


12/61


Qei~i ;2= hiifcoj |q{cpl{ `{id Ecqgog6 Qei~i ;> g

pl{s hg{jl ki|hnl{ q{i~{|ncoj `{id ~el {cpl{ rgcn ~i kl

N}|hc`l{c( ~el q{cdgh regdgo/ Rlpl{gh ql~{ijhsqer

loj{gpln io c~ %rll Jio}ghl}$Ogol} ;11:#6

Qei~i ;


13/61


";:= Lmocqgo= Mgon| [gqcnr( io ~el dcnnhl Cbgog [cpl{/

Io ~el ki~~id hl`~( rlpl{gh qg{~r i` F|zgcr kins

{lq{lrlo~ln gr kc{n)gocdgh)`{ij `h|~lr6 io ~el ~iq

{cje~( reizcoj ~el coc~cg~lr %c~gfl{c#( ~el fghcn}gdgc

q{clr~hs bego~l{r zc~e ~elc{ cor~{|dlo~r( rcbfolrrlr(

~el {ldgcor i` F|zgc zecqr( ~el pgjcog i` Gdg{|( ~el

d|hc~| `{ij/ %ri|{bl= L~oihhgoir( o/n/#

Dgq %";5# & Qei~ir %";3#( gon B{iw|cr %"r21$27#/

Cdqi{~go~ ncrbipl{s dgnl co ;11:$5/ êl{l cr g bh|r~l{

i` r~iol ì{dg~cior io ~el Sgzcg{s r~{lgd i`` ~el |qql{

Cgog bghhln ~el J{lg~ Bc~s i` Oecgql{cfihc/ Bg{hir

Ugpcl{ Hlghr lublhhlo~ Dgr~l{r ncrrl{~g~cio %;115#(

nl`lonln g~ ~el D|rl| Ogbciogh co K{g}ch( q{lrlo~r ~el

`grbcog~coj `conr el {lblo~hs dgnl ~ijl~el{ zc~e ecr

F|{cqgfi j|cnlr( g~ ~ecr rc~l( hibg~ln gki|~ go ei|{r

ecfl co~i ~el ì{lr~ gzgs `{id ~el r~{lgd/ C~ cr go

g{{gojldlo~ i` ki|hnl{r gqqg{lo~hs ibb|{{coj co g

og~|{gh dgool{( sl~ zc~e go i{nl{ gon dlgocojr

g~~{ck|~ln ~i ~el zeihl g{{gojldlo~ ~eg~ ~el F|{cqgfi

72


14/61


bghh êl Bc~s i` ~el b{lg~i{ r|o jin Oecgql{cf|hc/

Oi~ecoj rcdchg{ ~i c~ egr kllo {lqi{~ln co ~el

hc~l{g~|{l io ~el Kgoczg %i{ oi{~el{o G{gzgfgo qliqhlr

ì{ ~eg~ dg~~l{#/ C~ reizr g rblol `{id ~el ds~e i`

Dgzl{cf|hc( ~el `c{r~ ql{rio ~i ncl( g`~l{ el zgr

k|{cln |onl{olg~e ~el ei|rl i` Oecgql{cf|hc( ìhhizcoj

~el ~{gnc~cio i` k|{cghr dgos jlol{g~cior gji/

\onl{olg~e ~el e|jl r~iol ei|rl( ~el{l cr g ~idk$

hcfl rhgk i` r~iol zc~e gqqg{lo~hs g {ibf qhgbln io ~el

~iq i` iol lon( hiifcoj pl{s d|be hcfl ~el bg{pln(

ziinlo nlg~e$dgrfr ~el Eieinlol |rln ~i q|~ io ~elc{

nlgn |q ~i g `lz jlol{g~cior gji/ êl rhgk i` r~iol cr

Dgzl{cf|hcr ~idk/ Klecon ~el ei|rl cr g fc~belo

ki|hnl{6 gon g{i|on ~el ei|rl( rlpl{gh rlo~colh qir~r

zel{l Oecgql{cf|hcr ql~ kc{nr( ~el eg{qs lgjhl( gon

i~el{ rlo~colh$kc{nr bghhln ^bec~bec{i( gon Dgniini

bi|hn zg{o i` gqq{igbecoj qliqhl/ êl rblol {ldconr |r

i` ~el didlo~ zelo nlg~e bgdl co~i ~el zi{hn/

êl Bc~s cr iohs g qg{~ i` g d|be hg{jl{ rc~l

grribcg~ln zc~e i~el{ qhgblr( r|be gr ~el bgpl{o i`

7>


15/61


zidlo ~eg~ Hlgh qei~ij{gqeln %;115#/%" 27# êcr

bidqhlu rc~l bio~gcor g hg{jl o|dkl{ i` ql~{ijhsqer(

{ibf ì{dg~cior( gon bgplr/ Olg{ c~( ~el{l cr ghri g

qhgbl nllq co ~el ì{lr~ i`` ~el |qql{ Cgog %"2;#

zel{l ~el{l cr g hg{jl `hg~ {ibf rc~~coj io ~el ~iq i`

g echh ipl{hiifcoj g {cpl{ gon g pgr~ luqgorl i` ~el

ì{lr~$ g qhgbl zel{l( c~ cr rgcn( Oecgql{cf|hc rg~ gon

rgz eiz ~el zi{hn zi|hn kl/

Ghh i` ~elrl rc~lr g{l co~l{bioolb~ln ks {ignr i{

zcnl ~{gchr( r|be ~eg~ g bidqhl~l ds~erbgql zi|hn

nldior~{g~l ~el co~l{bioolb~cior co ~eldlr gon zeg~

zl{l( i|~ i` ~el e|on{lnr i` r~i{clr ~el Kgoczg gon

F|{cqgfi ~lhh( ~el dir~ dldi{gkhl egpcoj ~i ni zc~e ~el

Kljcoocoj i` Hc`l( ~el kljcoocoj i` nlg~e( ~el `c{r~

coc~cg~cio {c~lr( ~el kg~~hl i` ~el rlulr( gon ~el

j{lg~ ~{ll i` o|~{c~cio gon regdgor ro|``/

êl lo~c{l bidqhlu i` qhgblr bior~c~|~lr g rgb{ln

jlij{gqes( g ds~erbgql ì{ lgbe rc~l bioolb~r êcr

Zi{hn zc~e ~el Klì{l$zi{hn i` ~el q{cdi{ncgh qgr~/

Dgos i` ~elrl rc~lr g{l elnjln zc~e ~gk|r q{lplo~coj

7


16/61


|o$khlrrln %|oq{i~lb~ln ks regdgocb bego~r# qliqhl

`{id gqq{igbecoj i{ r~lqqcoj io ~eld/ C~ cr rgcn ~eg~

~el rc~lr g{l `|hh i` qicrio %dgoelol#( m|r~ gr ~el

lo~c{l zi{hn i` ~el nlgn goblr~i{r cr/ Zes 9 êl

ql~{ijhsqer( ki|hnl{r( l~b/ g{l ~el ql~{c`cln

~{gorì{dg~cior i` zeg~ zgr iobl hcpcoj( zel{l ~el

q{cdi{ncgh klcojr `|hh i` ~elc{ ngojl{i|r qizl{r

dgnl ~ecojr egqqlo zecbe hg~l{ klbgdl rihcnc`cln(

cddi{~gh {ldconl{r i` eiz hc`l bgdl ~i kl ~el zgs c~ cr

~ings/

êl {lhg~cior gdiojr~ %7#êl J{lg~ Bc~s i`

Oecgql{cf|hc %zel{l si|ojl{ k{i~el{ cr k|{cln#6%;#

Ecqgog %~el blo~l{ i` ~el \ocpl{rl( ~el bioolb~cio ~i

~el Blhlr~cgh \dkchcbgh Bi{n( zel{l F|zgc zgr ki{o( gon

zel{l F|zgc `h|~lr zl{l dgnl#6 %2# Lmocqgo %~el {c~|gh

ei|rl i` coc~cg~cio#6 %># R|{|kcd Qico~ %zel{l

Oecgql{cf|hc rg~ ghiol gon rgz eiz ~el zi{hn zi|hn kl#6

Zg{|fzg %zel{l Oecgql{cf|hc zgr kl~{gsln gon fchhln ~el

Gogbiong#6 %


17/61


J{lg~ Bc~s i` Oecgql{cf|hc#6 %0# \g{gbgqi{s %~el qhgbl

i` ~el J{lg~ ^{ll i` R|r~logobl#6 %:# ^|o|c %qhgbl i`

i{cjco i` `cre#6 %5# Zghc{i %Fgghcr qhgo~g~cio/ ghh

bior~c~|~l ~el ds~erbgql `i{ ~el

Eieinlol)F|{cqgfi)Zghcql{l$ngflogc)N}g|cogc/

G{l ~el{l hcdc~r ~i ~el ds~erbgql( gon g{l ~el

gkipl ~el hcdc~r ~i g ds~erbgql 9 Cr ~el{l g

bi{{lrqionlobl kl~zllo ~el ds~erbgql io lg{~e gon ~el

birdir `{id I~el{ Zi{hn ~i \onl{zi{hn/ Pl{~cbghc~s

%|q)nizo# co ki~e rlorlr i` |q{cpl{)nizo{cpl{ &

rfs)qhgbl i` i|{ kiolr/Cr ~ecr ds~erbgql g dinlh ~eg~

bgo kl {lqhcbg~ln co i~el{ rlb~cior i` oi{~el{o

G{gzgfgo qliqhlr ~l{{c~i{s 9 Bidqg{l ~ecr ds~erbgql

zc~e ~eg~ i` ~el |qql{ J|gcocg klhiz=

Rhcnlr " 22$20=Io ~el |qql{ J|gcocg [cpl{( ~el

nl~gchln dgqr chh|r~{g~l qhgblr ~eg~ g{l lpcnlo~hs

rqc{c~$ogdlr bego~ln co ~el fghcn}gdgc bego~r/ Gr r|be(

~els g{l nc{lb~hs `{id ~el ds~erbgql i` ~el qliqhlr ~i

zeid ~ecr lu~lorcio i` {cpl{col ~l{{c~i{s zl{l)g{l g

eidl %~el Kg{l 9 Zg{lflog9#/ G bg{l`|h lugdcog~cio i`

7:


18/61


~el ogdlr {lplghr ~eg~ ~el{l g{l bi{{lrqionloblr zc~e

~el rgb{ln ogdlr ì{ qhgblr ì|on io ~el Gcg{s)|qql{

Cbgog ds~erbgql lugdcoln gkipl/ ê|r( ~el{l cr g

mcqgog s|{|f|fgzg %4 Ecqgog nlrblo~ qhgbl6 go

lw|cpghlo~ i` ~el Ecqgog qhgbl io ~el GCG[S zecbe egr

goi~el{ ogdl F|qcfzgd( ogdln ì{ ~el pcol B|qc#6 g

ki|hnl{ ~eg~ {lq{lrlo~r ~el di|~e i` F|zgc %zel{l ~el

coc~cg~lr zl{l nlpi|{ln( gr g~ Ecqgog io ~el gcg{s#6

~el{l cr g rl{clr i` f|zgc$ogdlr iol {cje~ g`~l{

goi~el{ jicoj |q{cpl{( gr zlhh gr g qhgbl bghhln S|{c

%4 N}|hc)N}|hc`l{c#6 gon g r~{lgd bghhln

Dg|chcf|sgqg| %4 Dgzl{cf|hc( ~el `c{r~ ql{rio ~i

ncl#/ @|{~el{ |qr~{lgd ~el{l g{l ~el echhr i` Plol}|lhg

zel{l ri{bl{l{r `con qhgo~r |rln co ri{bl{s/

Co rei{~( zl egpl C r|jjlr~ rlpl{gh qg{ghhlh

gon gnmgblo~ ds~erbgql dinlhr ~eg~ nl`col ~el

~l{{c~i{clr i` ncr~cob~ qliqhlr)hgoj|gjl j{i|qr i` ~el

Oi{~el{o G{gzgfgo hgoj|gjl `gdchs/ êlrl ds~erbgqlr

biorcr~ i` ~el pl{~cbgh( |qr~{lgd lu~lorcio i` rgb{ln

qhgblogdlr zel{l rcjoc`cbgo~ lplo~r i` ~el Klì{l$zi{hn

75


19/61


ibb|{{ln( k|~ dgqqln io~i ~el {cpl{col gon gnmgblo~

lopc{iodlo~r/

%Rhcnl 2:# F|zgcr Ds~erbgql/ êl {lhg~cior i`

F|zgc ~i ~el goblr~{gh ~l{{c~i{clr i` ~el qe{g~{clr cr

iol i` ~el dir~ rcjoc`cbgo~ grqlb~r i` ~el lo~c{l

~{gnc~cio/ Dgos i` ~el ogdlr i` ~el rgb{ln `h|~lr bgo

kl ì|on co g ds~erbgql i` F|zgc zecbe biorcr~r i`

~el pcr|gh ~{gblr %hecoggqcg# i` ~el j{lg~

egqqlocojr i` ~el q{cdi{ncgh ~cdlr zelo F|zgc zgr

ghcpl/ êl ql~{ijhsqer g~ Ecqgog ghh ìb|r io ~el

Kc{~e i` F|zgc( Gdg{|r kins qg{~r( o|dl{i|r

{lq{lrlo~g~cior i` nc``l{lo~ grqlb~r i` F|zgc kc{~e(

gon ~el kc{~e i` ~el \ocpl{rl gr zlhh/ êl ql~{ijhsqer

g~ Leocqgo ghh ìb|r io ~el {c~|gh Fzgcqgo %rll

lrqlbcghhs( Ugpcl{ Hlgh( ;115#/ @i{ ~el{l zl rll ~el

ngobl{r( ~el bego~l{r %fghcn}gdgc#( gon ~el coc~cg~lr

%bghhln c~gfl{c( co rlbh|rcio# io iol rcnl i` g e|jl

73


20/61


j{goc~l rhgk( gon io ~el i~el{( zl rll ~e{ll

{lq{lrlo~g~cior i` ~el `c{r~ ~e{ll rl~r i` `h|~lr gon

~{|dql~r g el{io kc{n( dior~{i|r hiifcoj si|oj jc{h(

gon hc~~hl `{ij 2 qg{~r i` F|zgcr kins/

êl F|zgc ds~erbgql ì{dr ~el blo~{gh bi{l i` ~el

q{clr~hs fghcn}gdgc bego~r r|oj g~ dghl gon `ldghl

coc~cg~cio {c~lr i{ Fzgcqgo( F|zgc Ei|rl/ Co ~eirl

bego~r( ~el{l cr g j{lg~ nlgh i` qhgbl$ogdcoj ~eg~

~{gblr g dgq i` ~el Pisgjlr i` F|zgc zelo ~el zidlo

~iif ~el rgb{ln `h|~lr gon ~{|dql~r ~e{i|jei|~ ~el

zi{hn/ êl zi{hn iqloln |q ì{ ~el `cogh ~cdl ~i ~el

rc}l c~ zgr zelo ~el q{cdi{ncghr hl`~ c~/ Goghsrlr i`

~ecr ds~erbgql gon ~el bio~lo~ i` ~el q{clr~hs

fghcn}gdgc bego~r chh|r~{g~l eiz ~el ^[GBLR i` F|zgc

g{l rq{lgn ~e{i|jei|~ ~el Oi{~ezlr~ Gdg}io( gr ~el

zi{hn iqloln |q ~i c~r q{lrlo~ rc}l/%rll Z{cje~( 73326

Echh( 73326 Pcngh( 735:6 Jio}ghl} ol}( ;11:6 Ugpcl{

Hlgh( ;115# @|{~el{ goghsrcr dcje~ kl niol dgqqcoj lgbe

iol i` ~el rqc{c~$qhgbl$ogdlr io g hg{jl$rbghl

jlij{gqecbgh dgq( zecbe zi|hn( C ~ecof( {lplgh eiz

;1


21/61


bl{~gco rlb~cior i{ qhgblr i` ~el {cpl{r co ~el

Oi{~ezlr~ Gdg}io g{l di{l nlorlhs lhgki{g~ln zc~e

dlgocoj ~ego i~el{r/ @{id ~ecr( co gnnc~cio ~i ~el

o|dl{i|r qhgblr dlo~cioln co i~el{ rgb{ln r~i{clr( i|{

oi~cio i` ds~erbgql zi|hn reiz ~el rgb{ln rlorl i`

qhgblr ~el Kgoczg egpl/

Lgbe bidd|oc~s dgs egpl c~r izo F|zgc `h|~l i{

~{|dql~ ecnnlo g~ ~el ki~~id i` g olg{ks r~{lgd/ ê|r(

~el{l cr g nc{lb~ bioolb~cio kl~zllo bidd|oc~s

cnlo~c~s( qe{g~{cb cnlo~c~s( gon qhgbl co ~el

ds~erbgql/ êcr cr i` loi{di|r cdqi{~gobl co

|onl{r~goncoj zes ~el Kgoczg r~g~l ~eg~ êcr Zi{hn cr

~el F|zgc zi{hn/ Gr co i~el{ concjloi|r g{lgr i` ~el

zi{hn( Gki{cjcogh G|r~{ghcg( ì{ lugdqhl( ~el q{lrlobl

i` ~el goblr~i{r ~e{i|je ql~{ijhsqer( rgb{ln rc~lr( gon

gb~|gh qg{~r i` ~el goblr~i{r kins bior~c~|~l g rihcn

hcof kl~zllo hcpcoj qliqhl gon ~elc{ hibgh goblr~{gh

~l{{c~i{s/ êcr hcof bgo iohs begojl c`( ì{ lugdqhl( g

bidd|oc~s diplr ql{dgolo~hs ~i goi~el{ qhgbl( k|~ ~elo(

g bl{ldios j|cnln ks ~el regdgor d|r~ kl {lghc}ln ~i

;7


22/61


lor|{l ~eg~ ~el qizl{ i` ~el F|zgc goblr~i{ cr rg`lhs

~{gor`l{{ln/ @i{( g begojl r|be gr ~ecr cr ~el

lw|cpghlo~ i` dipcoj ghh i` ~el kiolr i` iolr

goblr~i{r gon ~el rgb{ln qizl{ ldkincln co ~eld $ co

iol qgbfgjl ~i g olz eidl/

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

Fghcn}gdgc Bego~r ì{ Dghl Coc~cg~cio [c~|ghr

$ Kgrcr co Ds~e/

êl kgrcr i` ~el fghcn}gdgc bego~r r|oj g~ dghl

gon `ldghl coc~cg~cio {c~lr %bghhln F|zgcqgo( F|zgc

Ei|rl# cr ~el ds~e i` F|zgc( ~el bechn i` Oecgql{cf|hc

gon Gdg{|/ %ì{ bidqhl~l pl{rcior( rll Z{cje~( ;177 6

ì{ g N}g|cogc pl{rcio( rll Echh(;113#/

$ [c~|gh Bio~lu~/

;;


23/61


êl {c~|gh i` fghcn}gdgc bego~coj co coc~cg~cio

{c~lr ~ings lrrlo~cghhs {lb{lg~lr ~el `c{r~ {c~|gh i`

bego~coj gr nlrb{ckln co ~el ds~e/ êl{l rei|hn ~elo kl

~e{ll i{ ì|{ bego~l{r %g hlgn gon ecr grrcr~go~r# gr

co ~el ds~e %F|zgc( Oecgql{cf|hc( Ll{c( N}|hc#/ Io ~el

ocje~ klì{l ~el coc~cg~lr g{l ~i lon ~elc{ dio~e$hioj

rlbh|rcio( ~el bego~l{r rc~ ~ijl~el{ corcnl ~el {c~|gh

ei|rl( F|zgcqgo( gon bego~ ghh ocje~ hioj( |o~ch ngzo(

zc~e ~ikgbbi gon g kizh i` qlqql{ gon rgh~/ Gr ~els

bego~( ~el dlo qhgs ~el F|zgc rgb{ln `h|~lr gon

~{|dql~r g{i|on ~el ngobl$`hii{ corcnl ~el ei|rl( zc~e

co~l{h|nlr i` n{cofcoj bguc{c %dgocib kll{#( gon

biopl{rcoj/ êl ~grf i` bego~coj cr i` ~el j{lg~lr~

cdqi{~gobl gon nc``cb|h~s( gr iol lhnl{ luqhgcoln ~i

dl=

+El khlrrlr ì{ ~eld ~el fghcn}gdgc/// Iol zeihl

ocje~ el rc~r/// zc~e j{lg~ ì{bl c~ rlldr ~els rg~(

~el lhnl{r i` ~el qgr~/ K|~ ~e|r F|zgc kljgo c~ hcfl ri

zc~e ~el zi{hn %elfzgqc cogc#( zc~e ~el zi{hn/ Zecbe

;2


24/61


dlgor ~el zi{hn klbgdl ri zc~e ~ecr khlrrcoj i`

fghcn}gdgc/+

ê|r ~el fghcn}gdgc d|r~ kl r|oj bidqhl~lhs ~i ~el

lon gon co ~el bi{{lb~ i{nl{/ Iobl ~el bego~l{r egpl

`cocreln( ~els r|ddio ~el izol{ i` ~el {c~|gh ei|rl(

q{lrlo~ ecd zc~e ~el kizhr i` qlqql{( gon gooi|obl ~eg~

~els egpl `cocreln/ Rei{~hs g`~l{( ~el lhnl{r r|ddio

~el coc~cg~lr ~i jcpl ~eld bi|orlh( g ì{dgh {c~|gh

rqllbe co zecbe ~el coc~cg~lr g{l ~ihn ~el hgzr i`

ribcgh hcpcoj zecbe ~els d|r~ {lrqlb~ eloblì{~e/ êl

coc~cg~lr g{l jcplo g kc~ i` ~el rgb{ln qlqql{ io

dgocib k{lgn ~i lg~6 ~el lhnl{ luqhgcor ~el hgz gon

~elo zecqr ~el coc~cg~lr ~e{ll ~cdlr( co g rsdkihcb

+biifcoj+ i` ~el coc~cg~lr zc~e ~el zecqr/ Ki~e ~el

gb~cior |onl{~gflo co ~el bego~coj ipl{ ~el qlqql{ gon

~el hgzr i` hcpcoj co ~el zi{hn egpl ~e|r hl`~

conlhckhl dg{fr co ~el coc~cg~lr ì{ ~eld ~i {ldldkl{

~el {lr~ i` ~elc{ hcplr/

Co ghh( ~el bego~r biorcr~ i` rcu~llo rl~r( r|oj

zc~e co~l{h|nlr zelo ~el bego~l{r khiz ~ikgbbi rdifl

;>


25/61


ipl{ ~el kizhr i` qlqql{/ Co lrrlobl( ~el bego~r

{lbi|o~ g rl{clr i` `cpl pisgjlr ks ~el dlo ~i {ljgco

~el rgb{ln `h|~lr gon cor~{|dlo~r( F|zgc( ~eg~ ~el

zidlo r~ihl `{id Oecgql{cf|hc/ ^el zidlo( Gdg{|ogc %i{

Cogdgogc#( ~gfl ~el cor~{|dlo~r ~e{i|jei|~ ~el zi{hn(

r~iqqcoj g~ o|dl{i|r qhgblr zel{l ~els qhgs ~el d|rcb

i` F|zgc/ Gr ~els ncn ri( ~el zi{hn +iqloln |q+ ~i c~r

q{lrlo~$ngs rc}l( zc~e {gqcnr( echhr( {cpl{r( ~izor(

gon lonr i` ~el lg{~e %i{ +bi{ol{r i` ~el rfs+#/

Oecgql{cf|hc gon ~el dlo q|{r|l %ogqccol~gfg# ~el zidlo

gon F|zgc( `ihhizcoj ~eld ~i ~el lonr i` ~el lg{~e

zel{l ~els hlgpl ~el zidlo gon d|rcb i` F|zgc gon k{coj

kgbf %ogncl~gzg# ~el bego~r ~i ~el blo~l{ i` ~el lg{~e

g~ Ecqgog( g {gqcnr io ~el |qql{ Gcg{s( ~el qhgbl i`

F|zgc*r b{lg~cio gon ~el ldl{jlobl rc~l i` ~el

goblr~i{r i` e|dgoc~s/ Gr ~el lhnl{ bc~ln gkipl

biobcrlhs r~g~lr( +F|zgc kljgo c~ zc~e ~el zi{hn+( ~eg~

cr( ~el q{lrlo~$ngs zi{hn gon ghh qhgblr co c~ kljgo

zc~e ~el pisgjlr gon d|rcb i` F|zgc/

$ F|zgc*r Pisgjlr = G R|ddg{s/

;


26/61


Co ~el Gqqloncu ~i ~ecr g{~cbhl( C q{lrlo~ ~el

~lu~ gon hcolg{ ~{gorhg~cio i` ~el `c{r~ rl~ i` bego~r(

bi{{lrqioncoj ~i F|zgc*r `c{r~ pisgjl( gr r|oj ks g

Eieinlol lhnl{/ El{l( C r|ddg{c}l c~r ~eldg~cb bio~lo~(

gon ~el bio~lo~ i` ~el i~el{ 7< rl~r i` bego~r %F|zgc*r

;on$


27/61


zlgqior i` ~el bego~l{r/ êl bego~coj cr niol ì{ ~el

coc~cg~lr %zghcfgoc{c clocql( i|{ si|oj bechn{lo# 6

Rlo~loblr 2;$770 = êl bego~l{r kljco g ~ei|je~

dipldlo~ i` +q|{r|coj ~el F|zgc+( +kleihncoj+

%cfg~rlogd# qhgblr zel{l F|zgc rqc{c~r kljgo(

q{lplo~coj ~el +ngojl{ i` dcucoj ~ijl~el{+ %ogfgo|qgd#

i` ~el rqc{c~r ~i ~el bechn{lo/ êl rl{clr i` qhgblr

ogdln ~{gbl g bc{bhl g{i|on ~el blo~l{ i` ~el zi{hn(

r~g{~coj `{id g qhgbl gb{irr ~el {cpl{ `{id ~el

q{lrlo~$ngs pchhgjl i` Ecqgog( nlrbloncoj ~el {cpl{ ~i

g qhgbl bghhln Ec|ce{cfzgd%R~g{$qhgbl#( g {gqcnr zel{l

~el qe{g~{cb goblr~i{r i` ~el Zghcql{l$ngflogc ldl{jln(

gon {l~|{ocoj |q{cpl{( +k{cojcoj kgbf+ ~ikgbbi ~i ~el

i{cjco gon blo~l{( Ecqgog 6

Rlo~loblr 77:$7


28/61


zei k{lgf ~elc{ `gr~ gon pidc~r |q ~elc{ {ldgcor co

k{lgn kgrfl~r/ G~ Leoqgo( ~el bego~l{r {lbghh ~elrl

lplo~r( bidqg{coj F|zgc ~i ~el b|~cg %qcc~bec#( go

gocdgh zei hcflr ~i lg~ dgocib k{lgn/ @{id ~el{l ~el

bego~l{r k{coj kgbf ~el bego~r ~i ~el blo~l{ g~

Ecqgog 6

Rlo~loblr 7$7:1 = ^el bego~l{r dgfl g rlbion gon

d|be hg{jl{ hiiq kl~zllo Ecqgog gon ~el +bi{ol{ i` ~el

rfs+( +klsion ~el elgnzg~l{r+ %clngehl# i` ~el Rihcdlr

[cpl{( ogdcoj g qhgbl i` F|zgc*r ploid(

N|dg~becqgocfzgd( zelobl ~els k{coj kgbf ~ikgbbi(

qgrrcoj ~e{i|je go |ocnlo~c`cgkhl dcnnhl gon {l~|{o ~i

Ecqgog/

Co ~l{dr i` rqg~cgh dipldlo~( ~el `c{r~ rl~ i`

bego~r ~e|r b{lg~lr g pl{~cbgh bioolb~cio kl~zllo ~el

blo~l{r i` ~el rfs gon ~ecr zi{hn6 g ei{c}io~gh bc{bhl

%nlrbloncoj gon grbloncoj# g{i|on ~el blo~l{6 g

ei{c}io~gh bioolb~cio %nlrblo~ gon grblo~# kl~zllo

Ecqgog gon Leoqgo6 gon g `cogh( ei{c}io~gh %nlrblo~

gon grblo~# bioolb~cio ~i g bi{ol{ i` ~el rfs/ ^el

;5


29/61


rcjoc`cbgobl i` ~elrl bioolb~cior zchh kl ncrb|rrln

klhiz/

^el Rlbion $ @c`~e Pisgjlr %{l`l{ ~i @cj|{l ;(

q/7:#=

Co ~el Rlbion Pisgjl %rl~r ; $


30/61


i~el{ Dggf|ogc %qliqhl zei ni oi~ rqlgf ~el Eieinlol

hgoj|gjl#/ @{id ~el{l( ~els bio~co|l ~i klsion ~el

elgnzg~l{r i` ~el \g|qr( jicoj `g{ klsion ks g ~{gch

~eg~ hlgnr ~i g di|o~gcoi|r {ljcio %~el Gonlr `ii~echhr

9#( hlgpcoj F|zgc*r d|rcb ~el{l gon {l~|{ocoj( k{cojcoj

~el bego~r kgbf ~i ~el |qql{ \g|qr/ Io ~el |qql{

\g|qr( ~els grblon ~el W|l{g{s( ogdcoj ridl `c`~llo

qhgblr( ~i klsion c~r elgnzg~l{r/ ^els {ldldkl{ rlpl{gh

cdqi{~go~ lplo~r co ds~er {lhg~ln ~i F|zgc( Gdg{|(

`cre$rqc{c~r %|hlcsgcogc#( gon ~el kljcoocoj i` dgocib/

@coghhs( ~els {l~|{o `{id ~el \g|qr ~i Ecqgog)F|qcfzgd

io ~el Gcg{s( ~el{l micocoj ~ijl~el{ ~el F|zgc( zecqr(

gon kll$rqc{c~r/

Co ~el @i|{~e Pisgjl %rl~r 77 $ 7


31/61


Rgo @l{ogoni( ogdcoj co ghh ridl 2; qhgblr/ G{i|on ~el

|qql{ J|gcog gon ^ld( ~els lo~l{ ~el ~l{{c~i{s i` ~el

Dg{logc %i{( Kg{#( +~elc{ g``colr+/ G hiiq cr dgnl

kl~zllo Rgo Dcj|lh %|qql{ J|gcog# gon Rgo @l{ogoni

%rcdchg{ ~i ~el Ecqgog$Leoqgo hiiq#/ @{id ~el{l( ~els

bio~co|l nizo ~el I{coibi( qgrrcoj ~e{i|je ~el

~l{{c~i{s i` ~el Dgfc{c~g{l( gon io ~i ~el Bg~gocgqi

gon Dl~g( qgrrcoj ~e{i|je ~el ~izo i` Q|l{~i Bg{{lg

gon Kihpg{( m|dqcoj ipl{ ~i Bg{gbgr( gon ~elo

{l~|{ocoj co g hioj m|dq ~i ~el di|~e i` ~el G{cg{c/

êl ìhhizcoj rl~ bipl{r go g{lg i` ~el |qql{ G{cg{c

gon klsion ~el elgnzg~l{r i` ~el Cgog( dgfcoj

{l`l{loblr %zecbe C gd |ogkhl ~i cnlo~c`s# ~i g qliqhl

bghhln Qg~logc gon ~i qhgblr i` ecr~i{cb bio~gb~/ @{id

~el{l( ~els nlrblon ~el Cgog ~i c~r di|~e gon io ~i

~el [ci Olj{i( g{i|on ~el [ci Dg{c( ogdcoj ghioj ~el

zgs pg{ci|r qhgblr i` qicrio gon ^|o|c( ~el ds~ecb

ri|{bl i` `cre/ êls bio~co|l nizo ~el [ci Olj{i ~i ~el

[ci K{gobi( grblon ~i c~r elgnzg~l{r gon {l~|{o ~i ~el

di|~e i` ~el [ci Olj{i gon +Kg{{g+ %Dgog|r#/ Dir~

27


32/61


qhgbl$ogdlr io ~el [ci Olj{i g{l co hoj|g jl{gh i{

Qi{~|j|lrl %Di{lc{g( Gs{i( Kicg|grr|( Qg{cbg~|kg#/

Dg{c|( ~el ihn ogdl ì{ Kg{blhhir( cr ~{gorì{dln co~i

g eidiosd( ~el ogdl i` ~el `c{r~ F|zgc `h|~lr(Dghcgzg/

G~ rlpl{gh qico~r co ~ecr hioj mi|{ols %Rgo @l{ogoni6

g{i|on ~el [ci Dg{c( gon Kg{{g#( ~el bego~l{r r~iq co

qhgblr i` +c{io+ $ {l`l{loblr( gqqg{lo~hs( ~i ecr~i{cb

blo~l{r i` ~{gnl co c{io ~iihr %gon qirrckhs( ~i ~el

75~e Blo~|{s rhgpl ~{gnl#/

Co ~el @c`~e %gon `cogh# Pisgjl( ~el bego~l{r

bipl{ go g{lg i` ~el j{lg~lr~( ncrbio~co|i|r ncr~gobl(

`c{r~ m|dqcoj ipl{ ~i ~el Mgq|{ elgnzg~l{r6 klsion ~el

Rihcdlr elgnzg~l{r6 {l~|{ocoj lgr~ ~i ~el M|{|( ~i

~el di|~e i` ~el Olj{i( ~i ~el di|~e i` ~el Gdg}io

%Klhd( i{Dgc{cfzgd#( ~i Qi{~|jgh %Q|~|fzgd#( gon [ci

nl Mgolc{i %^becf|~becfzgd#( zel{l ~els hlgpl ~el d|rcb

i` F|zgc gon {l~|{o( k{cojcoj kgbf ~el bego~r/ êl

{l~|{o cr {gqcn gon {lhg~cplhs nc{lb~( |q ~el [ci Olj{i

~i ~el Cgog( B|kg~l( B|cg{s gon Gcg{s( grbloncoj ~el

N}|f|ghc zel{l ~els {ldldkl{ ~el `c{r~ Eieinlol

2;


33/61


goblr~i{r( gon kgbf ~i Ecqgog( zel{l ~els +rzll~lo+ ~el

coc~cg~lr zc~e ~ikgbbi( gon rlon ~el d|rcb i` F|zgc

kgbf |q ~i ~el rfs/ ê|r lonr ~el fghcn}gdgc/

Rldgo~cb Bior~{|b~cio co ~el Bego~r

$ Regdgoc}coj Gb~cior/

êl q{lnidcogo~ {c~|gh gb~cior ~e{i|jei|~ ~el

bego~r bioblo~{g~l io ~e{ll ì{dr i` regdgoc}coj

gb~cpc~s = %7# F|zgc*r mi|{olsr %cgoecgfgzg# gon ~el

dlor* q|{r|coj %ogqccol~gfg#%i{( +begrcoj g`~l{+ $

Echh( 7353# ~el zidlo ~i ~el lonr i` ~el lg{~e zel{l

~els hlgpl %ogqlf|# ~el d|rcb i` F|zgc gon {l~|{o ~i

~el blo~l{ i` ~el zi{hn g~ Ecqgog 6 %;# +n{scoj ~el

ngojl{+ % dl~gflogd ogfgo|qgd#( +n{scoj ~el rghcpg+

%dl~gflogd hcgeo|dgogd# i` ~el coc~cg~lr( +n{scoj ~el

zgr~coj rcbfolrr+ % dl~gflogd q|{gfgogd# `{id ~el

coc~cg~lr = gon %2# +k{cojcoj kgbf+ %ogncl~gfg# ~el

bego~r( qlqql{ gon ~ikgbbi `{id ~el lon$qico~r i` ~el

mi|{olsr ~i ~el blo~l{/

22


34/61


êl `c{r~ ì{d cr nc{lb~hs {lhg~ln ~i qg{~ 0 i`

~el ds~e zelo ~el zidlo r~lgh ~el cor~{|dlo~r gon

Oecgql{cf|hc q|{r|lr ~eld |o~ch el zgjlr g zg{(

+~e{izcoj+ ~el zidlo ~i ~el ì|{ nc{lb~cior/ Co ~el

bego~r* ~{gorhg~cio i` ~ecr lqcrinl( Oecgql{cf|hc

+rlonr+ %hcqc{g# ~el zidlo ~i ~el lonr i` ~el lg{~e(

q|{r|coj ~eld gr ~els r~iq co nl~l{dcoln qhgblr gon

qhgs ~el F|zgc/ êl oi~cio i` +q|{r|coj+ cr gdkcj|i|r =

io ~el iol egon( c~ {l`l{r ~i g e|o~l{$zg{{ci{ cdgjl i`

~el dlor* gb~cior gjgcor~ ~el zidlo gr lolds 6 io ~el

i~el{( ~el zidlo b{lg~cplhs iqlo |q ~el zi{hn zc~e

F|zgc gr ~el dlo( c~ cr rgcn( +bi|hn ni oi~ecoj+ k|~

ìhhiz ~eld/ I{( Oecgql{cf|hc +rlonr+ ~el zidlo zc~e

F|zgc io ~el mi|{olsr/ êcr gdkcj|c~s co ~el gjlobs i`

~el ~l{d cr lrrlo~cgh ~i ~el nsogdcbr i` ~el mi|{olsr/

Co bio~{gr~ zc~e ~el fghcn}gdgc i` bechnkc{~e( zecbe

rcdqhs +micor ~ijl~el{+ %hczgfl~g# rqc{c~ ogdlr i`

nl~l{dcoln bg~lji{clr( gon co zecbe g~ dir~ rqc{c~

ogdlr dgs b{irrb|~ bg~lji{clr( el{l ~el +q|{r|c~+ i`

~el rqc{c~r iqlor ~el nidgcor ~i g ecjel{ gon zcnl{

2>


35/61


hlplh i` cobh|rcio( gr Echh r|jjlr~r co ecr goghsrcr i`

~el N}g|cogc bego~r %7332#/

êl bego~l{r co `gb~ |rl ~el q{iblrr i` +micocoj

~ijl~el{+ co ~el bi|{rl i` ~elc{ mi|{olsr $micocoj

~ijl~el{( ì{ lugdqhl( F|zgc$rqc{c~r( goblr~{gh `cre(

zgr~coj$rcbfolrr bechn{lo %q|{gfghcosgc clocql#$ k|~ c~

cr gr ~ei|je ~i jg~el{ ~elrl rqc{c~r |q gon( zc~e ~eld(

~elo dipl io co q|{r|c~ i` i~el{r/ ê|r zgqccol~gfg( cr

~el ri|{bl i` di~cio zecbe jilr klsion ~el ~guioidcb

bhgrrc`cbg~cio i` micocoj ~ijl~el{ ~i cobh|nl rqc{c~

bhgrrlr gon ~i b{lg~l i~el{r/ Co ~ecr rlorl( c~

{lqhcbg~lr F|zgc*r qizl{`|h( zi{hn$iqlocoj( ghh$

cobh|rcpl klcoj/

êl rlbion ì{d i` gb~cpc~s cr q{lplo~cpl

regdgocrd $ n{scoj ~el zl~olrr `{id ~el coc~cg~lr(

q{lplo~coj ~el zl~olrr i` ~el rqc{c~r `{id eg{dcoj ~el

coc~cg~lr( q{lplo~coj g zgr~coj rcbfolrr/ Co g rlorl(

~ecr q{iblrr cr lw|cpghlo~ ~i biifcoj ~el {gzolrr `{id

`cre co bechnkc{~e {c~|ghr/ î |onl{r~gon ~el oi~cior

i` zl~olrr gon zgr~coj rcbfolrr( {l`l{lobl d|r~ kl dgnl

2


36/61


~i ds~e( ì{ ~el klhcl` cr ~eg~ zei rllr F|zgc( ~el

rgb{ln cor~{|dlo~r( klbidlr zlgf( ecr rfco ~|{or

slhhiz( ecr kins zgr~lr gzgs( gon ecr rghcpg `ghhr

bior~go~hs/ êcr cr ~el bionc~cio i` q|{gfghc 6

gbbi{ncoj ~i ds~e =

êl rio i` Fgghc %zeirl kins jgpl {crl ~i ~el

`c{r~ dgocib#( zg{oln oi~ ~i lg~ `cre {gz klbg|rl

c~ zi|hn dgfl ecd rcbf( zlo~ gelgn gon g~l `cre

gon kljgo ~i zgr~l gzgs %hcq|{gfgzg#/ Ecr g{d

re{cplhhln |q hcfl go coj `{|c~ 6 ecr foll klbgdl

rzihhlo hcfl go ipl{j{izo qi~g~i6 ecr follkgon

`lhh i`` 6 ecr hlj hiifln hcfl go cogm `{|c~6 ~el

rihl i` ecr ìi~ ~{gorì{dln co~i g ~|{~hl6 el

kljgo elg{coj g hi|n k|}}coj co ecr lg{r 6 el rgz

~el +zec~l F|zgc+ %F|zgc egghln}|hc# gon c~r

gh~l{( ~el zec~l r|{|k `cre/ El ~ei|je~ el zgr

nscoj( gon el bghhln ~i ecr `g~el{ = +@g~el{( C gd

nscoj( C egpl zgr~ln gzgs/+ El bghhln gon bghhln(

gr ~el bcbgngr %n}|{|ogc# ~ings bghh = +@g$g$g$

g~el{( C egpl zgr~ln gzgs/+ El ~{gorì{dln co~i g

20


37/61


{ln mgq| kc{n gon ~elo g khgbf mgq| gon( gr ~els

rgoj( ~elc{ rghcpg `lhh ~i ~el j{i|on/

Zc~ei|~ fghcn}gdgc( ~el coc~cg~lr zi|hn r|``l{ g

q{iblrr i` zgr~coj gzgs gr nlrb{ckln co ~el ds~e/

F|zgc*r grribcg~cio zc~e ~el bionc~cio i` zl~olrr cr

luqhgcoln ks ecr hcof zc~e ~el zi{hn i` ~el nlgn( ~el

`c{r~ goblr~i{r zei zl{l ki~e e|dgo gon gocdgh gon zei

zl{l {gcrln `{id ~el eihlr i` ~el {gqcnr g~ Ecqgog

hlgncoj ~i ~el |onl{zi{hn/ Goblr~{gh qizl{ cr

co~cdg~lhs hcofln ~i ~el {cpl{r( ~el r|kgw|g~cb zi{hn

i` ~el nlgn( zel{l ~el rgb{ln `h|~lr gon ~{|dql~r g{l

flq~ %g~ ~el ki~~id i` ~el {cpl{# zelo oi~ co |rl/

F|zgc cr ghri grribcg~ln zc~e blhlr~cgh zl~olrr( i{

{gcor %+F|zgc*r ~lg{r+# 6 ~el kljcoocoj i` ~el {gcos

rlgrio cr ~el ~cdl zelo F|zgcqgo g{l rbeln|hln( g ~cdl

i` {gqcn j{iz~e( ~el gqqlg{gobl i` `i{lr~$`{|c~r gon

hg{jl `cre {|or/

F|zgc*r qizl{ $co g zi{n( i` ngojl{i|r( goblr~{gh

`l{~chc~s$ cr lubllncojhs eg{d`|h ~i e|dgor |ohlrr c~

cr bio~{ihhln/ ^el bionc~cio i` klcoj lublrrcplhs iqlo(

2:


38/61


{gz gon zl~ {l`l{r ~i |obio~{ihhln rlu|ghc~s(

|obio~{ihhln ~ei|je~( |obio~{ihhln bio~gb~ zc~e ~el

rqc{c~r( i{ rcbfolrr $ ghh i` zecbe g{l ~el pl{s

iqqirc~l i` ~el bionc~cio nlrc{ln co ~el coc~cg~lr( i`

lul{bcrcoj pih|o~g{s bio~{ih ipl{ iol*r cor~cob~r(

~e{i|je ikrl{pcoj {lr~{cb~cior( co i{nl{ ~i klbidl

`|hhs b|h~|{gh klcojr/ Elobl( co qg{~ 2 i` ~el ds~e(

~e{ll coc~cg~lr k{lgf ~elc{ `gr~( zecbe q{ipiflr g

bg~gr~{iqecb iqlocoj |q i` F|zgc*r i{c`cblr( g

~i{{lo~cgh `hiin( gon g nlpi|{coj i` ~el coc~cg~lr/ êl

iol coc~cg~l zei {ldgcoln i|~rcnl F|zgc*r di|~e( zei

egn oi~ k{iflo ~el `gr~( lul{bcrln rlh`$bio~{ih gon

elobl bidqhl~ln ~el coc~cg~cio/

êl bego~l{r ~e|r +n{s ~el zl~olrr+( ~el

+ngojl{i|r dcucoj$~ijl~el{+ %fgo|qg# `{id ~el

coc~cg~lr( q{lplo~coj ~el bionc~cio i` q|{gfghc( i`

klcoj bior|dln ks ~el rqc{c~$zi{hn i` ~el nlgn/ êcr cr

niol zc~e rgb{ln qlqql{ %4 `c{l#( ~ikgbbi( gon ~el

zecqr ì{( gr F|zgc ecdrlh` rgcn g~ ~el j{lg~

bio`hgj{g~cio zecbe Oecgql{cf|hc q{lqg{ln ì{ ecd %qg{~

25


39/61


>#( +iohs iol ~ecoj bgo ~{|hs fchh dl $ `c{l/+ Co

bego~coj ipl{ ~el qlqql{ ~i kl bior|dln ks ~el

coc~cg~lr( gon co +biifcoj+ %o|c~r|fg# ~el zecqr zc~e

zecbe ~el lhnl{r( ~el lhnl{ cor~chr ~el hgzr i` ribcgh

hcpcoj( ~el bego~l{r jcpl ~el coc~cg~lr g ì{d i`

q{i~lb~cio lrrlo~cgh ~i ~elc{ zlhh$klcoj/ êl coc~cg~lr

g{l rgcn ~i kl eloblì{~e gkhl ~i {lqlh ~el gb~cio i`

~el rqc{c~r gon ~el cdgjlr i` ~el nlgn/

Co ~el ~ec{n ì{d i` regdgoc}coj gb~cio %+k{cojcoj

kgbf+ ~el bego~r#( ~el bego~l{r {lpc~ghc}l ~el

coc~cg~lr ì{( co ~elc{ bio~gb~r zc~e ghh ì{dr i` ~el

rqc{c~$zi{hn( ~els egpl iqloln ~eldrlhplr |q ~i lu~{ldl

ngojl{6 elobl( ~el zlgfolrr i` ~elc{ ri|hr/ êl gb~cio

i` +k{cojcoj kgbf+ cr( co ghh b|{coj gb~cpc~s( ~eg~ i`

{l~{clpcoj g hir~ ri|h zecbe egr zgonl{ln `{id c~r kins

gon ji~~lo r~|bf co ~el zi{hn i` ~el rqc{c~r/ Ks

{lco~lj{g~coj ~el ri|hr zc~e ~elc{ kinclr( ~el bego~l{r

{lpcpl %ogzg`l~gzg# ~el rcbf/ Co ~ecr ~grf( ~ikgbbi cr

lrrlo~cgh ì{ c~ g~~{gb~r ~el ri|h( lrqlbcghhs n{s

~ikgbbi jcplo c~r qizl{r gjgcor~ ~el zl~olrr i` ~el

23


40/61


rqc{c~r i` ~el nlgn/ G~ ~el rgdl ~cdl( ~ikgbbi

+rzll~lor+ ~el ri|h( hcfl eiols gon ~el rzll~ m|cbl i`

`i{lr~$`{|c~r( gjgcor~ ~el +kc~~l{olrr+ i` rcbfolrr(

zlgfolrr( gon qgco/

$ Qhgbl$ogdcoj/

Ks `g{ ~el rcojhl dir~ cdqi{~go~ bg~lji{s i` ogdlr

~e{i|jei|~ {l`l{r ~i qhgblr %rlpl{gh e|on{ln qhgblr g{l

ogdln co ~el bego~r# concbg~ln ks n}gfghl pchhgjl rc~l(

gon ~el rqg~cgh bhgrrc`cl{ $fzg gnnln ~i ghh qhgbl$

ogdlr/ Qhgblr g{l r|kr|dln |onl{ ~el rqc{c~$bg~lji{s

Cqgogc( ei|rlr %$ogc( bihhlb~cpl( gocdg~l klcoj#/ ^e|r(

qhgbl$ogdlr biorcr~ i` ~el bior~{|b~cio =

YYYYYY $qgoc $fzgd n}gfghl

%ogdl# %ei|rl# %bhgrr/# %pchhgjl#

C~ cr bhlg{( eizlpl{( ~eg~ ~el dgqqcoj i` qhgblr

cr oi~ m|r~ iol i` e|dgo ibb|qg~cio( oi{ ni ~el bego~r

{l`l{ r~{cb~hs ~i e|dgo jlij{gqes/ Biob{l~lhs( ~el

qhgblr g{l q{lnidcogo~hs {cpl{r( {gqcnr( echhr( gon

hgflr grribcg~ln zc~e F|zgc$rqc{c~r %F|zgcogc#(

>1


41/61


qe{g~{cb goblr~i{r( `cre goblr~i{r( ei|rlr i` ~el ri|hr

i` ~el nlgn( Gdg{|ogc( Dggf|ogc( ~el gocdgh$rqc{c~r

%c~bec{cogc( llo|ogc#( ~el zec~l qliqhl( i~el{ og~cpl

qliqhl/ Co rei{~( ~el rqc{c~$bg~lji{s i` cqgogc

r|kr|dlr ghh bhgrrlr i` klcoj( gon lrqlbcghhs rqc{c~$

klcoj( grribcg~ln zc~e qhgbl( zecbe qiq|hg~l ~el

Eieinlol |ocpl{rl/ Dggf|ogc( ~el zec~l qliqhl( Gdg{|ogc

gon i~el{ og~cpl qliqhl zi|hn `i{d g bhgrr i` klcoj

beg{gb~l{c}ln ks ~el biddio `lg~|{l i` gh~l{c~s( i~el{$

olrr( gon elobl io ~el rcnl i` klcojr$klsion( io ~el

ql{cqel{s i` Eieinlol ribcl~s/ ^els g{l qi~lo~cgh

loldclr( gjgcor~ zeid zg{r egpl kllo zgjln( gon elobl

rcdchg{ ~i ~el rqc{c~r %gocdgh( zg~l{( l~b/# zei dgs

bg|rl eg{d ~i e|dgor/

Qhgblr dgs `|{~el{ kl beg{gb~l{c}ln ks `lg~|{lr

{lhg~ln ~i go cdgjl i` F|zgc*r kins = ecr ~zi lslr

%n~egdgg~c#( ecr di|~e %fgo|dgfgnl#( ecr qlocr

%hccrec#( ecr iol g{d %dgoggqgo# $ zecbe dgs kl qil~cb

nlrb{cq~cior i` jlij{gqecbgh `lg~|{lr( r|be gr g {cpl{

zecbe nilr oi~ k{gobe( g bgpl{o( l~b/ I{( ~els g{l

>7


42/61


{lhg~ln ~i ~el rl~ i` rgb{ln `h|~lr bidq{crcoj F|zgc/

êl zeihl rl~ i` bego~r ~e|r {lb{lg~lr ~el lo~c{l kins

i` F|zgc gon c~r {lq{lrlo~g~cio co ~el i{belr~{g i`

cor~{|dlo~r/

G rl{clr i` fconr i` qhgblr g{l {lqlg~ln g~

nl~l{dcoln qg{~r ~e{i|jei|~ ~el bego~r = echhr i`

gocdgh$rqc{c~ egc{( qhgblr i` qicrio %ecn}gqg olln}|#6

qhgblr i` gocdgh$rqc{c~ ei|rlr %c~becogcfzgd(

c~becfgfzgd( c~becngqgo#6 kll$rqc{c~ ei|rlr( qhgblr i`

eiols gon ~el {lpcpgh i` ~el ri|h %dggqgogcfzgd(

dggqgfzgd#6 +bhlg{ ngs+ qhgblr %ehcdghcgfzgd#/ êl

rcjoc`cbgobl i` ~elrl {lqlg~ln qhgblr co ~elc{ bio~lu~r

cr oi~ sl~ bhlg{ ~i dl/

O|dl{i|r qhgblr g{l bioolb~ln ~e{i|je ~el lplo~r

gon ql{rioogjlr i` ~el ds~er i` F|zgc( qe{g~{cb

ldl{jlobl( ~el b{lg~cio i` `cre/ ê|r ~elc{

rcjoc`cbgobl bgo kl nl~l{dcoln ~e{i|je g rsr~ldg~cb

r|{pls i` ~el bi{q|r i` Eieinlol ds~er gon bego~r/

>;


43/61


Ds~ecb rcjoc`cbgobl i`~lo g{~`|hhs bidkcolr zc~e

i~el{ b{c~l{cg ${c~|gh( dl~li{ihijcbgh( gon lbihijcbgh$

co ~el rlw|lobl i` qhgbl$ogdlr co i{nl{ ~i bior~{|b~ g

binln dlrrgjl/ Co ~el `c{r~ rl~ i` bego~r( `i{ lugdqhl(

~el `c{r~ lcje~ ogdlr bego~ln( i` qhgblr g{i|on ~el

blo~l{ i` ~el zi{hn( {l`l{ ~i g rcojhl binl egpcoj ~i

ni zc~e ~el ~cdcoj i` ~el F|zgcqgo {c~lr gon ~el

gqqlg{gobl i` gocdgh rqlbclr co ~el kljcoocoj i` ~el

{c~|gh rlgrio/ ^e|r =

7/ N}gfg$fg$fzgd = bior~lhhg~cio i` ~el lg{hs

{gcos rlgrio 6

;/ Dg{l$nghc$fzgd = mgb| kc{n zei gqqlg{r co ~ecr

rlgrio 6

2/ Zgognghl$fzgd = qhgbl i` ~el di{~g{6

>/ Ngcqc$fzgd = rogflr( zecbe gqqlg{ co ~el {gcos

rlgrio 6

2


44/61


:/ Dghcgzg$fzgd = ~el `c{r~ qgc{ i` F|zgc `h|~lr

b{lg~ln 6

5/ Ec|ce{c$fzgd = r~g{r( {l`l{{coj lrqlbcghhs ~i

Zghcql{l %~el Qhlcgnlr# bior~lhhg~cio( zecbe

ìhhizr N}gfg( gon ~el gqqlg{gobl i` zecbe cr

~el rcjogh ì{ ~el kljcoocoj i` ~el {c~lr/

êl olu~ `cpl qhgblr ogdln {l`l{ ~i ~el F|zgc ds~e

zelo F|zgc ~{gorì{dr co~i g dior~{i|r nldio gon

nlpi|{r ~el ~e{ll coc~cg~lr zei k{lgf ~el `gr~ %l/j/(

Cosgc$fzgd = nldio$qhgbl#/ Gon ~el olu~ rcu qhgblr

{l`l{ ~i ~el rgdl lqcrinl zelo F|zgc pidc~r |q ~el

coc~cg~lr g~ Leoqgo co k{lgn kgrfl~r gon dgocib

rw|ll}l{r klì{l {l~|{ocoj ~i ecr qhgbl co ~el bi{ol{

i` ~el rfs( N|dg~bec$qgoc$fzgd( g qhgbl i` qgco gon

qicrio co ~el hizlr~ gon `|{~elr~ qico~ zlr~ i` ~el

zi{hn( klsion ~el elgnzg~l{r i` ~el Rihcdlr/ Co rei{~(

~el `c{r~ rl~ i` bego~r rsdkihcbghhs lobinlr ~el

kljcoocoj i` ~el {c~|ghr/

ê{i|jei|~ ~el bego~r( iol dgs ql{blcpl ~ecr

rsdkihcb bincoj g~ zi{f/ I|{ q|{qirl el{l( eizlpl{( egr

>>


45/61


kllo ~i concbg~l ridl i` ~el b{c~l{cg io zecbe ~ecr

bincoj cr kgrln gon ~i ecje$hcje~ ~eg~ ~el bego~r egpl

go co~l{ogh biel{lobl( ~el biddio j{i|on i` zecbe cr

~el ~i~ghc}coj klcoj i` F|zgc ~e{i|je ecr

dgoc`lr~g~cior co ~el rqc{c~$bg~lji{s i` Cqgogc/

$ êl R~{|b~|{l i` ~el Mi|{olsr/

Ks oi dlgor ni ~el pisgjlr ìhhiz g hcolg{$

biorlb|~cpl qg~~l{o( ~eg~ cr( i` grblo~ gon nlrblo~

ogdcoj ghh qhgblr co$kl~zllo/ Lgbe grblo~ gon nlrblo~

bioblo~{g~lr co ~e{ll qico~r %oi~ olblrrg{chs co

biorlb|~cpl i{nl{#= clngehl( klsion ~el elgnzg~l{r( i{

~el ri|{bl i` ~el {cpl{r 6 qgd|nr|g( ~el dcnnhl(

blo~l{6 gon co|dgog( di|~e/ êl gulr i` i{clo~g~cio i`

ghh pisgjlr g{l ~el ei{c}io~gh)pl{~cbgh i{clo~g~cior i`

~el {cpl{r %|q{cpl{ 4 pl{~cbgh#/ Co ridl rlorl( ~elrl

gulr zi|hn bi{{lrqion ~i ~el pl{~cbgh nlrblo~ co ~el

`c{r~ rl~ `{id ~el rfs dcnnhl ~i ~el blo~l{ i` ~el

zi{hn bioolb~ln ks F|zgc*r +|dkchcbgh bi{n/+

>


46/61


G{i|on lgbe i` ~el ~e{ll dgco qico~r bh|r~l{ g

rl{clr i` pchhgjlr grribcg~ln zc~e ds~ecb lplo~r( i{

egpcoj ds~ecb rcjoc`cbgobl( {lq{lrlo~coj ridl ngojl{

gjgcor~ zecbe ~el bego~l{r q{i~lb~ ~el coc~cg~lr/ Co

~elc{ mi|{ols io ~el ^cw|c( `i{ lugdqhl( clngehl cr

grribcg~ln zc~e zec~lolrr gon gh~l{c~s = ~el zec~l

el{io( ~el zec~l rgon +`|hh i` eihlr+ %eghgnghc# i`

F|zgc( gon i~el{ qliqhlr %~el ^|s|fg gon Dggf|ogc#/ Co

~elc{ mi|{ols io ~el N}|f|ghc( ~{ck|~g{s i` ~el Gcg{s(

clngehl cr grribcg~ln zc~e ~el kljcoocoj i`q|{gfghc

gon ~el bechn{lo zei r|``l{ln `{id c~ %q|{gfghcosgc

clocql#/

K|chncoj io ~ecr r~{|b~|{l( pisgjlr ; $ 0


47/61


\g|qr gon c~r q{cobcqgh ~{ck|~g{clr( g~ ~el elgnzg~l{r

i` zecbe g{l o|dl{i|r Dggf|ogc gjgcor~ zeid ~el

Eieinlol co ~el qgr~ dgnl q{ihiojln zg{ bgdqgcjor ~i

bgq~|{l zidlo gon bechn{lo ~i {gcrl gdioj ~elc{ o|dkl{/

êl lon$qico~ i` ~ecr pisgjl( Q|gn~egqgo %|q{cpl{

ei|rl# cr grribcg~ln zc~e Kiji~ co ~el zlr~( zel{l ~el

zidlo c~ cr rgcn klbgdl ~el +di~el{r i` ~el Rqgocg{nr/+

Io ~el W|l{g{s( eizlpl{( pg{ci|r qhgblr i` ds~ecb

rcjoc`cbgobl bio`c{d ~eg~( q{ci{ ~i c~r ecr~i{cb

ibb|qg~cio ks ~el B|kli( ~ecr {cpl{ zgr q{lnidcogo~hs

+Kgoczg+ ~l{{c~i{s/

êl ì|{~e pisgjl lu~lonr ~el bc{b|c~( gon co g

nizo{cpl{ nc{lb~cio( ~i ~el lgr~ $ ~el I{coibi gon

Olj{i/ C~ klbidlr di{l lpcnlo~ ~eg~ ~el bego~r

co~l{zlgpl ds~ecb gon ecr~i{cb foizhlnjl i` ncr~go~

g{lgr/ @c{r~( co ~e{ll fls qhgblr( ~el bego~l{r dg{f

~el pisgjl zc~e +c{io+( g {l`l{lobl ~i ecr~i{cb blo~l{r

i` biddl{bl zc~e ~el zec~l dgo/ Rlbion( ~el `|{~el{

g`clhn ~els ji( ~el bego~l{r ogdl qhgblr co Qi{~|j|lrl(

Rqgocre( gon hcoj|g jl{gh( concbg~coj qir~$bio~gb~

>:


48/61


ecr~i{cb foizhlnjl i` ~elrl qhgblr/ Co `gb~( Eieinlol

i{gh ecr~i{clr bio`c{d ~eg~( co ~elc{ qgr~( ~els zl{l

ì{bckhs ~gflo nizo{cpl{ %co ~el 75~e Blo~|{s# ks ~el

Qi{~|j|lrl ~i rlpl{gh qhgblr io ~el hizl{ [ci Olj{i(

zecbe g{l bc~ln co ~el bego~r/ êlc{ foizhlnjl i` ~el

hizl{ I{coibi %Q|l{~i Bg{{lg( Kihpg{( Bg{gbgr# dgs

rcdchg{hs {l`l{ ~i Rqgocre {ln|bbciolr( gr zlhh gr ~i

bio~gb~r zc~e og~cpl qliqhlr hcpcoj co ~elrl ql{cqel{gh

g{lgr %~el Kg{ gon Dgfc{c~g{l#/ Jlij{gqecbgh ncr~gobl

cr gjgco bi{{lhg~ln ~i ribcgh ncr~gobl6 og~cpl qliqhlr

io ~el ql{cqel{s g{l Dggf|ogc( g``colr %oghcdg~egog#

gjgcor~ zeid ~el Eieinlol egpl zgjln zg{r( gon ~el

zec~l dgo/

êl `cogh pisgjl m|dqr lubh|rcplhs g{i|on ~el

lnjlr i` ~el foizo zi{hn co g ri{~ i` qico~$~{gbcoj i`

~el hcdc~r i` ~el lgr~l{o ei{c}io/ êcr hgr~ rl~ i`

bego~r cr r|oj g~ ngzo( zelo ~el r|o {crlr co ~el lgr~6

elobl c~r q{lnidcogo~ ldqegrcr cr ~el {l~|{o i` ~el

bego~l{r `{id ~el lgr~l{o ei{c}io |q{cpl{ gon kgbf ~i

~el ds~ecb blo~l{ gon eidlhgonr i` ~el Eieinlol io ~el

>5


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Gcg{s/ êl {l~|{o |q{cpl{ bi{{lhg~lr zc~e ~el {c~|gh

ldqegrcr io +k{cojcoj kgbf ~ikgbbi+( {lpcpcoj ~el

coc~cg~lr( gon rloncoj ~el d|rcb i` F|zgc kgbf |q ~i

~el rfs %~eg~ cr( zelo coc~cg~cio cr bidqhl~l#/

êl lu~{gi{ncog{s qizl{ i` ~el fghcn}gdgc bego~r

ì{ coc~cg~cio( zecbe dgflr ~eld |ow|lr~ciogkhs ~el

r|q{ldl g{~ i` regdgocr~cb bego~coj co Kgoczg b|h~|{l(

hclr co ~elc{ b|d|hg~cpl( ~i~ghc}coj l``lb~ i`

cobh|ncoj ghh ~sqlr i` klcoj co iol( gon iol$co$ghh(

F|zgc/ C~ cr ~elc{ bgqgbc~s ~i ~{gpl{rl rqg~cgh gon

~ldqi{gh ki|ong{clr io ~el pl{~cbgh gon ei{c}io~gh

qhgolr i` ~el birdir co go ghh$lobidqgrrcoj pcrcio i`

~el zi{hn gr c~ zgr b{lg~ln gon gr c~ egr begojln

ecr~i{cbghhs/ C~ cr ~e|r zl |onl{r~gon ~el bego~l{r*

g``c{dg~cio ~eg~ ~el +F|zgc zi{hn+ %F|zgc elfzgqc#

{l`l{r ~i ~el r~{|b~|{l gon nsogdcbr i` go io~ihijs i`

klcoj/ êcr pcrcio cr reg{ln ks pg{ci|r Oi{~el{o

Dgcq|{l$rqlgfcoj qliqhlr i` ~el Oi{~ezlr~ Gdg}io( zei

ghri egpl ~{gnc~cior i` ~el pisgjlr i` F|zgc/ Co ~el

ìhhizcoj rlb~cio( zl k{cl`hs bidqg{l ~elrl ~{gnc~cior/

>3


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Bidqg{g~cpl

I` ~el mi|{olsr( Pcngh egr z{c~~lo=

+^go~i hir Qcgqibi bidi hir Eieinlol( hir

N}gzcogc( hir Zg{lflog( hir Fgkcsg{c( hir S|f|og(

s hir Kg{ {lhgbciogo r|r i{jlolr bio Ecqgog6

dclo~{gr hir Zg{cql{c$ngflogc s hir ^g{cgog hir

gribcgo g Lo|$fig Vg {gqcnr rhcje~hs nizo{cpl{

`{id Ecqgog T/ Hg ldl{jlobcg nl hir Kgocpg rl

q{in|mi lo lh B|sg{c+%Pcngh( 735:= 723#/

Ghri {ldg{fgkhl g{l ~el bicobcnloblr gdioj ~el

~{gnc~cior co `ihhizcoj bl{~gco {i|~lr ~i ~el

lu~{ldc~clr( qhgbl$ogdcoj ghioj ~el zgs( gon foizhlnjl

i` ~el lu~{ldc~clr %co ~el J|g{lw|log pl{rcio( iobl ~el

bego~l{r {lgbe ~el di|~e i` ~el I{coibi( ~els q{iblln

ghioj ~el oi{~el{o bigr~ i` ~el bio~colo~ nlrbloncoj ~i

~el di|~e i` ~el Gdg}io( zelobl ~els {l~|{o |q ~el [ci

Olj{i ~i Ecqgog#/ R|be lu~lorcpl foizhlnjl zi|hn conlln

r|jjlr~ dcj{g~i{s qg~~l{or gon ol~zi{fr i` co~l{~{ckgh

biddl{bl beg{gb~l{cr~cb i` G{gzgfgo ribcl~clr i` ~el


51/61


Oi{~e$zlr~ Gdg}io g~ ~el ~cdl i` ~elc{ coc~cgh

bio~gb~r/ êl Dgogi i` ~el dcnnhl [ci Olj{i( ì{

lugdqhl( zl{l zcnl${gojcoj ~{gnl{r zei rl{pln gr

co~l{dlncg{clr co ~{gnl ol~zi{fr hcofcoj ~el \qql{ [ci

Olj{i ~i ~el qliqhlr i` ~el |qql{ Rihcdlr/ êl Gbegj|g

egn g rcdchg{ {ihl co hcofcoj ~el qliqhlr i` ~el hhgoir

~i ~el Go~chhlr/

Zc~ei|~ g~~ldq~coj ~i qclbl ~ijl~el{ ~el

`{gjdlo~g{s ecr~i{cbgh lpcnlobl zecbe dcje~ hlon

r|qqi{~ ~i r|be go co~l{q{l~g~cio( C zi|hn iohs

biobh|nl ks r~g~coj ~eg~ ~el Eieinlol ~{gnc~cio i` ~el

pisgjlr i` F|zgc gkipl ghh {lq{lrlo~ %7# g oi~cio i`

~l{{c~i{cghc~s( dir~ lrqlbcghhs i` ~el Eieinlol( gr

nl`coln ghdir~ lo~c{lhs ks ~el rlbion Pisgjl i` F|zgc 6

%;# g oi~cio i` bihhlb~cpl cnlo~c~s( i` Eieinlol

ribcl~s gon i~el{ qliqhlr io ~el ql{cqel{s %g``cogh

j{i|qr( Dggf|ogc( ~el zec~l dlo#( gr nl`coln co ~el

~ec{n gon ì|{~e pisgjlr 6 gon %2# g rlorl i`

b|d|hg~cpl ecr~i{cbgh foizhlnjl( cobh|ncoj ~el

luql{cloblr i` bio~gb~( ol~zi{fr i` biddl{bl gon zg{r


52/61


zc~e i~el{ l~eocb j{i|qr( zecbe cr ghzgsr iqlo ~i olz

luql{cloblr gon co~l{q{l~g~cior/

@C[R^ RL^ I@ FGHCN]GDGC BEGO^R @I[ SI\OJ DLO

7/ Iiqcfg~rg cflos|g F|zgc Hioj gji el kljgo F|zgc/

;/ Iiqcfg~rg cflos|g F|zgc Hioj gji el kljgo F|zgc/

2/ Cflos|gfg F|zgc C~ zgr klj|o F|zgc/

>/ Qgdgnr|gfgfzgd llo|^el dcnnhl rfs/


53/61


7>/ Qgd|nr|gfgfzgd F|qcfzgd n}gfghl^el blo~l{ Ecqgog pchhgjl/

7/ Fghcn}gdgc cg~l~logd el qlqql{ bego~coj/

;/ Ecdlogd Cflogd hcgfgzgd fghcn}gdgc Elg{ eiz `g{ c~ jilr ~el bego~coj/

2


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2:/ Fgn}|fg{|dc~gd hcflos|gfgzgd F|zgcogcê|r c~ zgr c~ zgr klj|o ~el F|zgc$rqc{c~r/

25/ Ogflos|gfgogd F|zgcogc els kljgo ~el F|zgc$rqc{c~r/

23/ Ehcdlogd hce{c|logd zgdghcfgqc zgqcol~gfg F|zgc El hcr~lor ì{ ecd( zl hiif

ì{ gon q|{r|l ~el F|zgc/

>1/ Qgd|nr|gfgfzgd llo|êl dcnnhl rfs/

>7/ F|zgcfzgd ~bec~becêl gbg{s F|zgc/

>;/ F|zgcfzgd ~bec~bec eg gbg{s F|zgc/

>2/ Hce{cogd N}g|c Oecgql{cf|hc Ecr rio*r qlocr 3 Mgj|g{ Oecgql{cf|hc/

>>/ Hcqc{gdc N}g|c Oecgql{cf|hc Ecr b{lg~cio Mgj|g{ Oecgql{cf|hc/

>0/ Zgognghcfzgd n}gfghlêl di{~g{$qhgbl pchhgjl/

>:/ Ecdlogd zgqcol~gfgd zgdghcfgqc egngdc~gd n}lflogfgd hcgflogd Elg{ |rq|{r|l gon hiif ì{( olpl{ nc``cb|h~( ecr ogdlr/

>5/ Zgdghcfgql n~eldg F|zgcogc Zl hiif ì{ ~ikgbbi F|zgc rqc{c~r/

>3/ Cfg~rlogd hc{cdc $n}|fzgd csloc Kleihn ecr rio %9# %9#/


55/61


/ Cfg~rlogd Ngcqcfzgd n}gfghl Kleihn ^el rogfl$qhgbl pchhgjl/


56/61


:3/ Cg~l~logd Fghcn}gdgc el qlqql{ bego~coj/

51/ Ogehc|logd zghcfgoc{c clocql @i{ ~eld i|{ si|oj bechn{lo/

57/ Ec|ce{cfzgd R~g{$qhgbl/ 5;/ Zgncl~gfgd n~eldg Zl k{coj kgbf ~ikgbbi/

52/ Ogfgqgzgogd cfgc~loc loc~gogc hce{cogd N}g|c Oecgql{cf|hc^els rll el rgsr%9# ecr rio*r qlocr Mgj|g{ Oecgql{cf|hc/

5>/ Ogfgqgogd ogfgc~loc F|zgcfgd qggqg ~els rgs ~els rll F|zgc*r %9#/

5/ Zgqcol~gfgd F|zgcogc Zl q|{r|l F|zgc$rqc{c~r/

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

77 ^e|zg cr g F|zgc ~{|dql~)mgq| kc{n( ~el goblr~i{ i` ~el Zghcql{l$ngflogc qe{g~{s zeirlrgb{ln ogdl cr N}|hc$cloc( N}|hc`l{c*r %~el c{r~ regdgo# bechn{lo/


57/61


3/ F|zgcfgd dgonl{c F|zgc gbi|~cq|{|/

71


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715/ ^rcocfzgd n}gfghl %mgb|9#$qhgbl pchhgjl/

713/ Dl~gflogd hco|qgogd ogn}logd zghcfgoc{c clocql N{s c~r ngojl{ `{id ~eld i|{si|oj bechn{lo/

771/ Cfg~rlogd hcfgc~loc Fgqlhcfzgd n}gfghl Kleihn el rgsr %9#$qhgbl pchhgjl/

777/ Ehclqihlqc F|zgc Ecr |dkchcbgh bi{n F|zgc/

77;/ Egnghcfzgd n}gfghl %9#$qhgbl pchhgjl/

772/ Dgonl{c 72 ogflos|gfgd Dgonl{c F|zgcogc Gbi|~cq|{| ~els zl{l klj|ogbi|~cq|{| F|zgc$rqc{c~r/

77>/ Qgd|r|gfgfzgd F|zgc F|zgcogc Dcnnhl$qhgbl F|zgc F|zgc$rqc{c~r/

77


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7;7/ hce{c|logd F|zgc @i{ ecd F|zgc/

7;;/ Ecqgocfzgd n}gfghl Ecqgog$qhgbl pchhgjl/

7;2/ Cfg~rlogd hcgflogd ogfgqlogd Dghcoghc clocql Kleihn ecr ogdl ~els rgz

Dghcoghc bechn{lo/

7;>/ Leocqgocfzgd n}gfghl Mgon|$qhgbl pchhgjl/

7;/ Cfg~rlogd qc~bec Kleihn ~el b|~cg/

721/ Qc~becngfzgd n}gfghl B|~cg$qhgbl pchhgjl/

7>7/ Leocqgocfzgd n}gfghl Mgon|$qhgbl pchhgjl/

7>;/ Ecdlog zgqcol~gfg F|zgcogc Elg{ |r q|{r|l F|zgc$rqc{c~r/

7>2/ Ecdlog zgqcol~gfg F|zgcogc Elg{ |r q|{r|l F|zgc$rqc{c~r/

7>>/ Leocqgocfzgd n}gfghlMgon|$pchhgjl/

7>


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7>0/ Zgncl~gfgd n~eldg Zl k{coj kgbf ~ikgbbi/

7>:/ Qcqc hcgfi F|zgc Qcqc rgsr F|zgc/

7>5/ Leocqgocfzgd n}gfghl Mgon|$qhgbl pchhgjl/

7>3/ Zgncl~gfgd fghcn}gdgc Zl k{coj kgbf ~el bego~coj/

7


61/61

c Ks zgs i` bidqg{crio( Rgo~ir J{gol{i egr q|khcreln cor~cjg~coj zi{f gki|~ ~el

rgb{ln hgonrbgqlr i` ri|~el{o G{gzgfgo qliqhlr %Sgolreg( Gd|lreg# %;11>( 7335#/

^egofr ~i ~el zi{f i` Jio}ghl} Ol} gon ~el OJI L~oihhgoir( k|~ gkipl ghh( ~el

~{gnc~ciogh foizhlnjl i` ~el Kgoczg gon F|{cqgfi i` ~eg~ {ljcio( zl oiz egpl g

kl~~l{ dgqqcoj i` rgb{ln rc~lr `i{ ~el Oi{~ezlr~ Gdg}io {ljcio/

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Sacred Geography of the Northwest amazon