Sach Tim Hieu Asterisk Tieng Viet

http://alovoice.vn Mc Lc

Nguyn Minh Chu 08THH1 Page 1

LI M U ........................................................................................................................................ 7

Chng I ................................................................................................................................................ 8

TNG QUAN V ASTERISK .............................................................................................................. 8

1. Asterisk l g? ............................................................................................................................ 8

2. Kin trc h thng Asterisk ...................................................................................................... 9

3. Mt s tnh nng c bn ......................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Voicemail (hp th thoi)............................................................................................... 11 3.2 Call Forwarding (chuyn cuc gi) ............................................................................... 12 3.3 Caller ID ( hin th s gi).............................................................................................. 12 3.4 Automated attendant (chc nng IVR) .......................................................................... 12 3.5 Time and Date ................................................................................................................. 13

3.6 Call Parking .................................................................................................................... 13

3.7 Remote call pickupe ........................................................................................................ 13

3.8 Privacy Manager ............................................................................................................. 13

3.9 Backlist ............................................................................................................................ 13

4. Cc ng cnh ng dng ......................................................................................................... 13 4.1 Tng i voip IP PBX ..................................................................................................... 14 4.2 Kt ni IP PBX vi PBX ................................................................................................. 14 4.3 Kt ni gia cc server Asterisk ..................................................................................... 15 4.4 Cc ng dng IVR, VoiceMail, in Thoi Hi Ngh .................................................. 15 4.5 Chc nng phn phi cuc gi t ng ACD ............................................................... 16

Chng II ............................................................................................................................................ 18

CC KHI NIM TRONG H THNG ASTERISK ....................................................................... 18

1. Gii thiu ..................................................................................................................................... 18

2. PBX Private Branch Exchange ........................................................................................... 18

3. VOIP - Voice Over Internet Protocol ..................................................................................... 18

4. PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network ........................................................................ 19

5. TDM Time Division Multiplexing ....................................................................................... 20

6. Cc hnh thc bo hiu giao tip TDM .................................................................................. 20 6.1 FXO v FXS .................................................................................................................... 20

6.2 Bo hiu Analog gia u cui v tng i .................................................................. 22

6.3 Bo hiu gia cc tng i ............................................................................................. 22

7. Bo hiu trn mng in thoi VoIP ..................................................................................... 22



7.1 Bo hiu gia cc tng i ............................................................................................. 22 7.2 Proxy Server .................................................................................................................... 23

7.3 RTP v NAT .................................................................................................................... 23

7.4 IAX Inter Asterisk eXchange ...................................................................................... 24

8. Thit B VoIP .......................................................................................................................... 25 8.1 VoIP Phone ..................................................................................................................... 25

8.2 Softphone ........................................................................................................................ 25

8.3 Card giao tip vi PSTN ................................................................................................. 26

8.4 ATA Analog Telephone Adaptors .................................................................................. 26

Chng III ........................................................................................................................................... 27

CI T H THNG ASTERISK .................................................................................................... 27

1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................................................. 27

2. H iu hnh Linux Fedora 9 ................................................................................................ 27 2.1 Ti sao s dng Linux Fedora 9 ? ................................................................................. 27 2.2 Ci t h iu hnh Linux Fedora 9 ............................................................................ 28

3. Ci t Asterisk ....................................................................................................................... 41 3.1 Chun b v kim tra h thng ....................................................................................... 41 3.2 Download v bung nn ................................................................................................... 42

3.3 Ci t gi libpri ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4 Ci t gi Zaptel ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.5 Ci t Asterisk ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.6 Ci t Asterisk addons ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.7 Cu hnh a ch IP cho card mng ............................................................................... 43

4. T chc th mc ca Asterisk ................................................................................................ 44

5. Mt s lnh thao tc trn h thng asterisk ........................................................................... 46

Chng IV ........................................................................................................................................... 48

CU HNH H THNG ASTERISK ................................................................................................ 48

1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................................................. 48

2. Tp tin cu hnh ...................................................................................................................... 48

3. Cc kiu nh hng trong tp cu hnh ................................................................................ 49 3.1 Simple Group .................................................................................................................. 50

3.2 Option Inheritance .......................................................................................................... 51

3.3 Complex Entity ................................................................................................................ 52

4. Cu hnh in thoi IP SIP phone ........................................................................................ 52 4.1 Phn khai bo chung ...................................................................................................... 52 4.2 Khai bo knh SIP .......................................................................................................... 53

5. Gii thiu DialPlan ................................................................................................................. 54 5.1 Extentions ....................................................................................................................... 55

5.2 Priorities Th t thc hin.......................................................................................... 56 5.3 Applications Cc hm ng dng ................................................................................. 57 5.4 Contexts Ng cnh ...................................................................................................... 57



6. Mt v d Dialplan c th ....................................................................................................... 59

6.1 Khai bo thu bao trong Tng i Asterisk ................................................................... 60 6.2 Cu hnh Softphone X-lite .............................................................................................. 61

6.3 Cu hnh Automated attendant (chc nng IVR) ......................................................... 63 6.4 Cu hnh VoiceMail ....................................................................................................... 64 6.5 Cu hnh ACD n gin ................................................................................................. 65 6.6 Kt qu thu c file extensions.conf ............................................................................ 66

Chng V ............................................................................................................................................. 70

CHNG TRNH KHAI BO THU BAO TNG I ASTERISK ............................................. 70

1. Gii thiu NET Framework .................................................................................................... 70 1.1 Managed Module ............................................................................................................ 71

1.2 Assembly .......................................................................................................................... 74

1.2.1 Cc kiu Assembly ...................................................................................................... 75

1.2.2 Versioning ................................................................................................................... 75

1.2.3 Execute code in Assemblies ........................................................................................ 75

2. Ci t MySQL trong linux .................................................................................................... 76 2.1 Ci t v khi to mysql ............................................................................................... 76 2.2 Cp pht quyn truy cp mysql ...................................................................................... 77 2.3 S dng mysql ................................................................................................................. 78

3. Share file v phn quyn trong h iu hnh Linux ............................................................. 81 3.1 Gii thiu v Service Samba ........................................................................................... 81 3.2 Ci t Samba ................................................................................................................ 81 3.4 Cu hnh Server Samba .................................................................................................. 82

3.4.1 on [global] .............................................................................................................. 82 3.4.4.2 To v cp pht quyn cho user s dng ti nguyn chia s ........................... 85

3.4.4.2.1 To users truy cp ti nguyn ........................................................................ 85 3.4.4.2.2 Cp pht quyn cho users s dng ti nguyn ............................................. 86

3.4.4.3 To ti nguyn chia s trong Server Samba ...................................................... 87

4. Chng trnh khai bo thu bao vi tng i Asterisk ......................................................... 89 4.1 Thit k CSDL ................................................................................................................. 89

4.1.1 M hnh DFD ............................................................................................................. 89

4.1.2 Lc ERD .............................................................................................................. 89 4.1.3 M t cc bng C s d liu..................................................................................... 90

4.1.3.1 Table ThueBao ................................................................................................... 90

4.1.3.2 Table VoiceMail ................................................................................................. 90

4.1.4 S H Thng ......................................................................................................... 91 4.2 Chng Trnh ................................................................................................................. 91

4.2.1 Giao din chng trnh .............................................................................................. 91 4.2.2 ng Nhp .................................................................................................................. 92 4.2.3 Qun L Ngi S Dng ........................................................................................... 93 4.2.4 Qun L Danh Mc Thu Bao .................................................................................. 94 4.2.5 Qun L Hp Th Thoi (Voice Mail) ...................................................................... 95

4.3 Kt Lun .......................................................................................................................... 96

TI LIU THAM KHO. ................................................................................................................... 96

http://alovoice.vn Mc Lc Hnh


Hnh 1 S tng qut ...................................................................................................................... 9

Hnh 2 Kin trc ca Asterisk .......................................................................................................... 10

Hnh 3 IP PBX .................................................................................................................................. 14

Hnh 4 - Kt ni IP PBX vi PBX ....................................................................................................... 14

Hnh 5 - Kt ni gia cc server asterisk............................................................................................ 15

Hnh 6 - Trin khai server IVR, VoiceMail, Hi Thoi ..................................................................... 16

Hnh 7 - Phn phi cuc gi vi hng i ......................................................................................... 17

Hnh 8 - Minh ha ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian ................................................................... 20

Hnh 9 - My in thoi vai tr FXO kt ni vi FXS (PSTN) ...................................................... 21

Hnh 10 PBX kt ni vi FXO v FXS ............................................................................................ 21

Hnh 11 - ATA ng vai tr nh FXS kt ni vi my in thoi vai tr FXO .......................... 22

Hnh 12 - ng k t Client n SIP Proxy, Vi Giao thc SIP ng bo hiu v thoi ring ... 23

Hnh 13 - Minh ha hot ng ca NAT ........................................................................................... 24

Hnh 14 - My in Thoi VoIP ........................................................................................................ 25

Hnh 15 in thoi Softphone ......................................................................................................... 25

Hnh 16 - Card TDM22B gm 4 port 2 FXS v 2 FXO ..................................................................... 26

Hnh 18 Ci t Fedora 9 (1) ........................................................................................................... 28

Hnh 19 Ci t Fedora 9 (2) ........................................................................................................... 29

Hnh 20 Ci t Fedora 9 (3) ........................................................................................................... 29

Hnh 21 Ci t Fedora 9 (4) ........................................................................................................... 30

Hnh 22 Ci t Fedora 9 (5) ........................................................................................................... 30

Hnh 23 Ci t Fedora 9 (6) ........................................................................................................... 31



Hnh 24 Ci t Fedora 9 (7) ........................................................................................................... 32

Hnh 25 Ci t Fedora 9 (8) ........................................................................................................... 32

Hnh 26 Ci t Fedora 9 (9) ........................................................................................................... 33

Hnh 27 Ci t Fedora 9 (10) ......................................................................................................... 33

Hnh 29 Ci t Fedora 9 (12) ......................................................................................................... 35

Hnh 31 Ci t Fedora 9 (14) ......................................................................................................... 36

Hnh 32 Ci t Fedora 9 (15) ......................................................................................................... 36

Hnh 33 Ci t Fedora 9 (16) ......................................................................................................... 37

Hnh 34 Ci t Fedora 9 (17) ......................................................................................................... 38

Hnh 35 Ci t Fedora 9 (18) ......................................................................................................... 38

Hnh 36 Ci t Fedora 9 (19) ......................................................................................................... 39

Hnh 37 Ci t Fedora 9 (20) ......................................................................................................... 39

Hnh 38 Ci t Fedora 9 (21) ......................................................................................................... 40

Hnh 40 V d file cu hnh ............................................................................................................. 49

Hnh 41 Ba kiu cch thc hot ng ca tp tin cu hnh ........................................................... 50

Hnh 42 Mt v d cho kiu hot ng Simple Group .................................................................... 51

Hnh 43 Mt v d cho kiu hot ng Option Inheritance ........................................................... 51

Hnh 43 Mt v d cho kiu hot ng Complex Entity ................................................................. 52

Hnh 47 Gii thiu file sip.conf ...................................................................................................... 53

Hnh 48 Khai bo cc knh sip.conf ............................................................................................... 54

Hnh 49 Cc dng ca extention .................................................................................................... 55

Hnh 50 V d v extention (1) ....................................................................................................... 55

Hnh 51 V d v extention (2) ........................................................................................................ 56

Hnh 52 V d v extention (3) ........................................................................................................ 57

Hnh 53 V d v ng cnh ............................................................................................................. 58



Hnh 54 V d v ng cnh (2) ....................................................................................................... 58

Hnh 55 V d v ng cnh (3) ....................................................................................................... 59

Hnh 56 Mt v d Dialplan ............................................................................................................. 59

Hnh 57 Khai bo Sip Account trong Softphone X-lite(1) .............................................................. 62

Hnh 58 Khai bo Sip Account trong Softphone X-lite(2) .............................................................. 62

Hnh 59 Khai bo thnh cng Softphone X-lite vi Server Asterisk .............................................. 63

Hnh 61 Cc thnh phn chnh ca NET Framework ................................................................... 71

Hnh 62 Managed Module ............................................................................................................... 72

Hnh 63 Cu trc Managed Module ................................................................................................ 73

Hnh 64 Hnh minh ha Managed Module .................................................................................... 73

Hnh 65 Assembly ............................................................................................................................. 74

Hnh 67 Qu trnh execute code trong mt Assembly..................................................................... 76

Hnh 68 Tool MySQL Administrator(1) .......................................................................................... 80

Hnh 69 Tool MySQL Administrator(2) .......................................................................................... 80

Hnh 70 Lc DFD-0 .................................................................................................................. 89

Hnh 71 Lc ERD ..................................................................................................................... 90

Hnh 72 Table ThueBao ................................................................................................................... 90

Hnh 73 Table VoiceMail ................................................................................................................. 91

Hnh 74 Lc chc nng chng trnh ..................................................................................... 91

Hnh 75 Giao din chng trnh ..................................................................................................... 92

Hnh 76 Giao din form ng nhp .................................................................................................. 93

Hnh 77 Giao din form qun l ngi s dng ............................................................................. 94

Hnh 78 Giao din form qun l thu bao ....................................................................................... 95

Hnh 79 Giao din form qun l hp th thoi ............................................................................... 96

Bo co n tt nghip Li M u


Li u tin em xin chn thnh cm n tt c cc Thy C gio Hc vin cng ngh BCVT c s HCM to mi iu kin thun li cho em.

Em xin by t lng bit n su sc n Thy Trn Minh Nht tn tnh hng dn, ch bo em trong sut qu trnh thc hin ti.

Xin cm n s quan tm, gip , ng h, ng vin ca bn b trong qu trnh hc tp cng nh trong qu trnh hon thnh tin ti tng giai on.

Qua sut qu trnh thi gian kho st, tm hiu, nghin cu, ci t Tng i Asterisk v mt s ti liu tham kho, em hon thnh bo co n tt nghip vi mc tiu:

- Tm hiu tng i Asterisk - Ci t Asterisk Server - Thc hin mt s tnh nng c bn tng i Asterisk - To chng trnh gip ngi qun tr thun tin,d dng hn trong vic cu hnh

khai bo thu bao v mt s cu hnh khc cho tng i Asterisk.

Mong rng cun bo co ny s nh gi phn no kt qu tm hiu v nghin cu trong sut thi gian qua. Bo co khng trnh khi nhng thiu xt, rt mong c s ng gp v nh gi em c th hon thin bo co ny hn.

Em xin chn thnh cm n.

http://alovoice.vn Chng I: Tng quan v Asterisk


Chng I

TNG QUAN V ASTERISK

1. Asterisk l g?

Asterisk l mt phn mm t do ngun m, ban u do Mark Spencer vit, vi mc ch to nn mt h thng tng i c nhn (PBX - private branch exchange) kt ni n hu ht cc mng c sn nh IP, PSTN, v s dng cc chun SIP, MGCP, H323. Asterisk cn c giao thc ring l IAX (Inter-Asterisk eXchange).

Nh cc PBX khc, Asterisk cho php cc my in thoi gn kt vi nhau qua phn mm ny thc hin cc cuc gi vi nhau, v cho php kt ni vi cc dch v in thoi khc, trong c mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng (PSTN).

Asterisk em n cho ngi s dng tt c cc tnh nng v ng dng ca h thng tng i PBX v cung cp nhiu tnh nng m tng i PBX thng thng khng c c, l s kt hp gia chuyn mch VOIP v chuyn mch TDM, l kh nng m rng p ng nhu cu cho tng ng dng

Asterisk l h thng chuyn mch mm, l phn mm ngun m c vit bng ngn ng C chy trn h iu hnh linux thc hin tt c cc tnh nng ca tng i PBX v hn th na. Asterisk ra i vo nm 1999 bi mt chng trai sinh nm 1977 tn l Mark Spencer, Anh ta vit phn mm ny ban u khng ngoi mc ch h tr cho cng ty ca mnh trong vic lin lc m thoi h tr cng ng ngi s dng v pht trin Linux.

Asterisk l mt PBX v nhiu hn th. Asterisk l mt phn mm mang tnh cch mng, tin cy, m ngun m v min ph m bin mt PC r tin thng thng chy Linux thnh mt h thng in thoi doanh nghip mnh m. Asterisk l mt b cng c m ngun m cho cc ng dng thoi v l mt server x l cuc gi y chc nng. Asterisk l mt nn tng tch hp in thoi vi tnh ho kin trc m. Nhiu h thng Asterisk c ci t thnh cng trn khp th gii. Cng ngh Asterisk ang phc v cho nhiu doanh nghip.

Hin nay Asterisk trn pht trin nhanh c rt nhiu doanh nghip trin khai ng dng cho cng ty ca mnh. y l xu th tt yu ca ngi s dng in thoi, v cc cng ty u c mng my tnh v cn lin lc vi nhau trong cng vic gia cc phng



ban hoc chi nhnh v cn mt chi ph thp thm ch khng phi tn chi ph khi thc hin cc cuc gi trn mng ni b ca cng ty. Khng gi gn thng tin lin lc trong cng ty m cc ng dng giao tip vi mng PSTN hoc mng VOIP (nh voice777) cho php gi ra bt c s in thoi no c trn mng PSTN. Ngoi ra vic tch hp vo cc ng dng nh CRM v h thng Outlook lm cho kh nng ng dng ca Asterisk linh hot hn p ng nhu cu cn thit cho ngi s dng in thoi. Asterisk thot u c pht trin trn GNU/Linux nn x86 (Intel), nhng gi y n cng c th bin dch v chy trn OpenBSD, FreeBSD v Mac OS X v Microsoft Windows.

Hnh 1 S tng qut

Asterisk l h thng chuyn mch tch hp va l cng ngh truyn thng TDM va l chuyn mch Voip. Hnh trn cng cho thy kh nng giao tip ca h thng. Giao tip vi in thoi analog thng thng, giao tip vi thit b in thoi Voip, ngoi ra cn c th giao tip vi mng PSTN v cc nh cung cp Voip khc.

2. Kin trc h thng Asterisk

Asterisk l thit b trung gian dng lin kt cng ngh in thoi v Internet. Asterisk c ng dng kt ni in thoi, ng dy in thoi hoc gi thoi n mt kt ni dch v khc. Asterisk c tin cy cao v d dng trin khai cho cc h thng ( t h thng nh n cc h thng ln), Asterisk h tr mt cao v yu cu s phc tp.Asterisk h tr cho nhiu loi in thoi c cng ngh khc nhau. Cc cng ngh in thoi: VoIP, SIP, H.323, IAX v BGCP (dng cho in thoi i quc t). Asterisk c th kt ni vi hu ht loi in thoi truyn thng mng ISDN qua lung T1 v E1. Cc ng dng cho in thoi: chuyn mch cuc gi, cuc gi hi ngh, voicemail, chuyn hng cuc gi



Mt Asterisk server c kt ni ti mt mng vng ni ht s iu khin cc in thoi trong mng kt ni n mng khc, cc in thoi trong mng c th thc hin cuc gi v kt ni Internet thng qua Asterisk server. Cng FXS dng Asterisk server iu khin cc in thoi tng t trong ni hat. Cng FXO v knh T c dng kt ni gia Asterisk server vi mng PSTN. Thu bao trong mng PSTN thc hin cuc gi n cc thu bao c qun l bi Asterisk server, cc thu bao ca Asterisk cng c th thc hin cuc gi n thu bao trong mng PSTN.

Hnh 2 Kin trc ca Asterisk

Mt s chc nng ca Asterisk trong h thng chuyn mch cuc gi:

Khi khi ng h thng Asterisk th Dynamic Module Loader thc hin np driver ca thit b, np cc knh giao tip, nh dng file, thu thp thng tin u cui, codec v cc ng dng lin quan, ng thi cc hm API cng c lin kt np vo h thng. H thng Asterisk PBX Switching Core chuyn sang trng thi sn sng thc hin chuyn mch cuc gi, cc cuc gi c thc hin tu vo k hoch quay s (Dialplan). Chc nng Application Launchar rung chung thu bao, kt ni vi hp th thoi hoc gi ra ng trung k Scheduler and I/O Manager m nhim cc ng dng nng cao nh: lp thi biu v qun l cc cuc gi n i ra ngoi. y l cc chc nng c pht trin bi cng ng pht trin asterisk.



Codec Translator xc nhn cc knh nn d liu ng vi cc chun khc nhau c th kt hp lin lc c vi nhau. Tt c cc cuc gi nh hng qua h thng Asterisk u thng qua cc giao tip nh: SIP, Zaptel or IAX. Mi cuc gi vo v ra ngoi u c thc hin thng qua cc giao tip trn. V th h thng Asterisk phi m trch nhim v lin kt cc giao tip khc nhau x l cuc gi.

Chc nng ca cc giao tip chng trnh ng dng (API: Application Program Interface):

- Codec Translator API: cc hm m nhim thc thi v gii nn cc chun khc nhau nh: GMS, G723, Mu-Law

- Asterisk Channel API : Giao tip vi cc knh lin lc khc nhau, y l u mi cho vic kt ni cc cuc gi tng thch vi nhiu chun khc nhau nh SIP, ISDN, H323, Zaptel

- Asterisk file format API : Asterisk tng thch vi vic x l cc loi file c nh dng khc nhau nh: Mp3, WAV, GSM, AU

- Asterisk Aplication API : Bao gm tt c cc ng dng c thc thi trong h thng Asterisk nh: cuc gi hi ngh, VoiceMail, CallerID

Ngoi ra, Asterisk cn c th vin Asterisk Gateway Interface (AGI, tng t nh CGI) - c ch kch hot ng dng bn ngoi, cho php vit kch bn phc tp vi mt s ngn ng nh PHP hay Perl.

3. Mt s tnh nng c bn

Asterisk c rt nhiu tnh nng c gii thiu trn nhng hiu r ht tt c cc tnh nng trn tht s l thch thc i vi chng ta. Trong phn ny s gii thiu mt s tnh nng vi cc ng dng c th hiu hn v h thng asterisk.

3.1 Voicemail (hp th thoi)

y l tnh nng cho php h thng nhn cc thng ip tin nhn thoi, mi my in thoi c khai bo trong h thng Asterisk cho php khai bo thm chc nng hp th thoi.

Mi khi s in thoi bn hay ngoi vng ph sng th h thng asterisk nh hng trc tip cc cuc gi n hp th thoi tng ng khai bo trc. Voicemail cung cp cho ngi s dng nhiu tnh nng la chn nh: password xc nhn khi truy cp vo hp th thoi, gi mail bo khi c thng ip mi.



Asterisk l mt h thng voicemail rt linh hot vi cc c im sau: - Khng gii hn s hp voicemail, mi mailbox u c folder d dng qun l. - p dng li cho ty bin, linh ng khi bn hoc cc trng thi khc. - C kh nng kt hp 1 in thoi vi nhiu hp voicemail, nhiu in thoi trong mt voicemail. - Email thng bo c voicemail (nu enable) - Chuyn tip voicemail hay broadcast - Th mc c nhn trong 1 tp th.

Cu hnh ca voicemail c xc nh trong file cu hnh l voicemail.conf. Context voicemail cho php bn nh ngha cc tp mailbox khc nhau, tch bit vi nhau (cng 1 server c th cha nhiu host cho voicemail ca nhiu cng ty, doanh nghip).

3.2 Call Forwarding (chuyn cuc gi)

Khi khng nh, hoc i cng tc m ngi s dng khng mun b l tt c cc cuc gi n th hy ngh ngay n tnh nng chuyn cuc gi. y l tnh nng thng c s dng trong h thng Asterisk. Chc nng cho php chuyn mt cuc gi n mt hay nhiu s my in thoi c nh trc. Mt s trng hp cn chuyn cuc gi nh : Chuyn cuc gi khi bn, chuyn cuc gi khi khng tr li, chuyn cuc gi tc thi, chuyn cuc gi vi thi gian nh trc.

3.3 Caller ID ( hin th s gi)

Chc nng ny rt hu dng khi mt ai gi n v ta mun bit chnh xc l gi t u v trong mt s trng hp bit chc h l ai. Ngoi ra Caller ID cn l chc nng cho php chng ta xc nhn s thu bao gi n c ngha l da vo caller ID chng ta c tip nhn hay khng tip nhn cuc gi t pha h thng Asterisk. Ngn mt s cuc gi ngoi mun.

3.4 Automated attendant (chc nng IVR)

Chc nng tng tc thoi c rt nhiu ng dng trong thc t, khi gi in thoi n mt c quan hay x nghip thu bao thng nghe thng ip nh Xin cho mng bn gi n cng ty chng Ti hy nhn phm 1 gp phng kinh doanh, phm 2 gp phng k thut sau ty vo s tng tc ca thu bao gi n, h thng Asteisk s nh hng cuc gi theo mong mun. Khi mun xem im thi, mun bit tin cc in thoi ca thu bao, mun bit t gi la hin nay nh th no, hay kt qu x s, tt cc nhng mong mun trn u c th thc hin qua chc nng tng tc thoi.



3.5 Time and Date

Vo tng thi gian c th cuc gi s nh hng n mt s in thoi hay mt chc nng c th khc, v d trong cng ty gim c mun ch cho php nhn vin s dng my in thoi trong gi hnh chnh cn ngoi gi th s hn ch hay khng cho php gi ra bn ngoi.

3.6 Call Parking

y l chc nng chuyn cuc gi c qun l. C mt s in thoi trung gian v hai thu bao c th gp nhau khi thu bao c gi nhn vo s in thoi m thu bao ch gi ang ch trn v t y c th gp nhau v m thoi.

3.7 Remote call pickupe

y l tnh nng cho php chng ta t my in thoi ny c th nhn cuc gi t my in thoi khc ang rung chung

3.8 Privacy Manager

Khi mt ngi ch doanh nghip trin khai Asterisk cho h thng in thoi ca cng ty mnh nhng li khng mun nhn vin trong cng ty gi i ra ngoi tr chuyn vi bn b, khi Asterisk cung cp 1 tnh nng tin dng l ch cho php s in thoi c lp trnh c php gi n nhng s my c nh no thi, cn nhng s khng c trong danh sch nh sn s khng thc hin cuc gi c.

3.9 Backlist

Backlist cng ging nh Privacy Manager nhng c mt s khc bit l nhng my in thoi nm trong danh sch s khng gi c n my ca mnh (s dng trong tnh trng hay b quy ri in thoi). V cn rt nhiu tnh nng na m h thng asterisk c th cung cp cho ngi s dng, trn y ch l mt s tnh nng thng c s dng m thi, bit nhiu hn chi tit hn cc tnh nng cn li xin hy tham quan website www.asterisk.org.

4. Cc ng cnh ng dng

Asterisk thc hin rt nhiu ng cnh ng dng khc nhau tu vo nhu cu s dng, di y l nhng ng cnh ng dng thng c s dng trong thc t trin khai h thng asterisk.



4.1 Tng i voip IP PBX

Hnh 3 IP PBX

y l h thng chuyn mch voip c xy dng phc v cc cng ty c nhu cu thc hin trn nn tng mng ni b trin khai. Thay v lp t mt h thng PBX cho nhu cu lin lc ni b th nn lp t h thng voip iu ny s lm gim chi ph ng k. H thng c th lin lc vi mng PSTN qua giao tip TDM.

4.2 Kt ni IP PBX vi PBX

Hnh 4 - Kt ni IP PBX vi PBX



Mt ng cnh t ra y l hin ti Cng ty trang b h thng PBX by gi cn trang b thm p ng nhu cu lin lc trong cng ty sao cho vi chi ph thp nht, gii php thc hin l trang b h thng asterisk v kt ni vi h thng PBX ang tn ti qua lung E1. Ngoi ra tng kh nng lin lc vi mng PSTN v VOIP khc, Cng Ty c th thc hin kt ni vi nh cung cp dch v Voip.

4.3 Kt ni gia cc server Asterisk

Hnh 5 - Kt ni gia cc server asterisk

Phng php trn ng dng rt hiu qu cho cc cng ty nm ri rc cc v tr a l khc nhau nhm gim chi ph ng di. V d Cng ty M c tr s t ti nc M v cc Chi nhnh t ti Vit Nam vi cc a im Tp H Ch Minh v H Ni. Thng qua mng WAN ca Cng Ty cc cuc gi ni b gia ccv tr khc nhau s lm gim chi ph ng k. Ng cnh ny v mt php lut khng cho cuc gi t M vo Vit Nam.

4.4 Cc ng dng IVR, VoiceMail, in Thoi Hi Ngh



Hnh 6 - Trin khai server IVR, VoiceMail, Hi Thoi

ng dng thc hin cc server kt ni vi h thng PSTN hay tng i PBX trin khai cc ng dng nh tng tc thoi IVR. Mt v d cho ng dng tng tc thoi l cho bit kt qu x s hay kim tra cc cuc gi ging dch v 19001260 vy.

ng dng VoiceMail thu nhn nhng tin nhn thoi t pha thu bao ging nh chc nng hp th thoi ca Bu in Thnh ph trin khai. Cn chc nng in thoi hi ngh thit lp cho nhiu my in thoi cng ni chuyn vi nhau.

4.5 Chc nng phn phi cuc gi t ng ACD



Hnh 7 - Phn phi cuc gi vi hng i

ACD (Automatic Call Distribution): Phn phi cuc gi t ng.

y l chc nng ng dng cho nhu cu chm sc khch hng hay nhn phn hi t pha khch hng. Cng ty c kh nng tip nhn cng mt lc 10 cuc gi nh th cuc gi th 11 gi n th h thng gii quyt nh th no?. Bnh thng th s nghe tn hiu bn nhng vi chc nng phn phi cuc gi s a thu bao vo hng i ch tr li, trong khi ch tr li cuc gi thu bao c th nghe nhng bi ht hay do asterisk cung cp, trong lc ny nu 1 trong mi s in thoi tr v trng thi ri th cuc gi ang ch s c tr li. Ging nh chc nng ca dch v 1080 hay 116 ca Bu in Thnh Ph vy.

http://alovoice.vn Chng II: Cc khi nim trong h thng Asterisk


Chng II

CC KHI NIM TRONG H THNG ASTERISK

1. Gii thiu

Trong chng ny s gii thch r cc khi nim c bn lin quan n h thng asterisk, cung cp nhng kin thc nn tng, nhng khi nim cn thit thit k trin khai xy dng h thng in thoi vi Asterisk.

2. PBX Private Branch Exchange

PBX hay cn gi l PABX - Private Automatic Branch Exchange l h thng tng i ni b c t ti nh thu bao, t Automatic y mun ni n l h thng tng i in t t ng nhng hin nay a s l tng i PBX in t t ng nn t trn thc s khng cn cn thit na.

PBX vi mc tiu chia s nhiu thu bao ni b gi ra th gii bn ngoi thng qua mt vi ng trung k hay ni mt cch khc PBX l h thng trung chuyn gia cc ng dy in thoi bn ngoi t cng ty in thoi v my in thoi ni b trong tng i PBX. V th nn s lng my in thoi ni b lun nhiu hn s ng dy ni n PBX t bn ngoi.

PBX thc hin chuyn mch cuc gi cc my in thoi ni b vi nhau v vi cc my in thoi bn ngoi thng qua ng trung k. ng thi thc hin chuyn mch cc cuc gi in thoi t bn ngoi vo cc my in thoi ni b. Ngoi vic chuyn mch cuc gi PBX cung cp nhiu tnh nng s dng cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau ca khch hng m bn thn cc ng dy in thoi t cng ty in thoi kt ni n khng th thc hin c, cc tnh nng nh tng tc thoi(IVR), Voicemail, phn phi cuc gi t ng (ACD)

Hin nay vi vic pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh VoIP, chng ta cn c thm thut ng IP PBX. y l h thng chuyn mch PBX vi cng ngh Voip.

3. VOIP - Voice Over Internet Protocol

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) l mt cng ngh cho php truyn thoi s dng giao thc mng IP, trn c s h tng sn c ca mng internet. Voip l mt trong nhng



cng ngh vin thng ang c quan tm nht hin nay khng ch i vi nh khai thc, cc nh sn xut m cn c vi ngi s dng dch v.

Voip c th va thc hin mi loi cuc gi nh trn mng in thoi knh truyn thng (PSTN) ng thi truyn d liu trn c s mng truyn d liu. Do cc u im v gi thnh dch v v s tch hp nhiu loi hnh dch v nn voip hin nay c trin khai mt cc rng ri.

Dch v in thoi voip l dch v ng dng giao thc IP, nguyn tc ca VoIP bao gm vic s ho tn hiu ting ni, thc hin vic nn tn hiu s, chia nh cc gi nu cn v truyn gi tin ny qua mng, ti ni nhn cc gi tin ny c rp li theo ng th t ca bn tin, gii m tn hiu tng t phc hi li ting ni ban u. Cc cuc gi trong VoIP da trn c s s dng kt hp c chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi. Trong mi loi chuyn mch u c u, nhc im ring ca n. Trong k thut chuyn mch knh ginh ring cho mt knh truyn gia hai thit b u cui thng qua cc node chuyn mch trung gian. Trong chuyn mch knh tc truyn dn lun lun c nh (ngha l bng thng khng i), vi mng in thoi PSTN tc ny l 64kbps, truyn dn trong chuyn mch knh c tr nh.

Trong chuyn mch gi cc bn tin c chia thnh cc gi nh gi l cc gi, nguyn tc hot ng ca n l s dng h thng lu tr v chuyn tip cc gi tin trong nt mng. i vi chuyn mch gi khng tn ti khi nim knh ring, bng thng khng c nh c ngha l c th thay i tc truyn, k thut chuyn mch gi phi chu tr ln v trong chuyn mch gi khng quy nh thi gian cho mi gi d liu ti ch, mi gi c th i bng nhiu con ng khc nhau ti ch, chuyn mch gi thch hp cho vic truyn d liu v trong mng truyn d liu khng i hi v thi gian thc nh thoi, s dng u im ca mi loi chuyn mch trn th trong voip kt hp s dng c hai loi chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi.

4. PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

PSTN l mng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng hay ni cch khc l mng kt ni tt c cc h thng tng i chuyn mch-mch. hiu r hn hy xem xt mng PSTN vi mng Internet v kha cnh chuyn thoi trn . Chuyn mch mch mun thc hin cuc gi gia hai thu bao th h thng phi ginh ring mt knh truyn 64kbps chuyn ti tn hiu thoi trn , cn cuc gi in thoi trn mng Internet th tn hiu thoi c ng gi v chuyn i trn cng knh truyn vi nhiu dch v khc. V l cht lng cuc gi trn mng PSTN bao gi cng tt hn trn mng Internet nhng i li chi ph li c hn rt nhiu, c bit l cc cuc gi quc t, nn phi cn cn nhc k khi s dng.

PSTN c pht trin trn chun ITU (International Telecommunication Union) cn mng Internet c pht trin trn chun IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) c hai mng trn u s dng a ch nh tuyn cuc gi, PSTN s dng cc con s in



thoi chuyn mch cuc gi gia cc tng i in thoi trong khi trn mng Internet, a ch IP s c s dng nh tuyn cc gi thoi.

5. TDM Time Division Multiplexing

L k thut ghp knh phn chia thi gian nhiu tn hiu c th truyn ng thi trn mt ng truyn, TDM c s dng chuyn thoi trong h thng mng PSTN. C hai chun ghp knh TDM c bn l E1 vi 30 knh thoi trn mt khung tc 2Mbps v T1 vi 24 knh thoi tc 1.5Mbps.

Hnh 8 - Minh ha ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian

6. Cc hnh thc bo hiu giao tip TDM

6.1 FXO v FXS

FXO (Foreign Exchange Office) l thit b nhn tn hiu t tng i gi n nh dng chung, tn hiu nhc gc my, tn hiu mi quay s, gi v nhn tn hiu thoi FXO ging nh my Fax hay modem dial-up 56k vy. Dng kt ni vi ng dy in thoi.



FXS (Foreign Exchange Station) l thit b ti ni cung cp ng dy in thoi, thit b FXS scung cp tn hiu mi quay s (dialtone), dng chung, hi m chung (ring tone). Trong ng dy Analog FXS cung cp dng chung v in p cho in thoi hot ng v d FXS cung cp in p -48VDC n my in thoi Analog trong sut thi gian m thoi v cung cp 90VAC (20hz) pht in p rung chung. Thit b FXS pht cn thit b FXO nhn.

Card TDM s dng trong h thng asterisk thng tch hp va thit b FXO va l thit b FXS (ging b ATA) FXO kt ni vi ng dy in thoi cn FXS dng kt ni vi my in thoi analog thng thng dng chuyn mch cuc gi TDM qua h thng asterisk(Xem thm trong phn cu hnh cho knh TDM).

Tm li:

FXS c kt ni vi FXO ging vi ng dy in thoi ni vi my in thoi.

FXS cung cp ngun cho in thoi FXO(in thoi Analog)

Hnh 9 - My in thoi vai tr FXO kt ni vi FXS ( PSTN )

Hnh 10 PBX kt ni vi FXO v FXS



Hnh 11 - ATA ng vai tr nh FXS kt ni vi my in thoi vai tr FXO

6.2 Bo hiu Analog gia u cui v tng i

Khi chng ta nhc my in thoi gi th nghe tn hiu mi quay s, khi cuc gi gi u bn kia b bn th chng ta nghe tn hiu bn (busy tone) cc loi tn hiu nh vy gi l cc tn hiu bo hiu analog. Cc tn hiu nh: Mi quay s, tn hiu bn, rung chung, trng thi nhc gc my. Cc loi tn hiu trn c trao i gia thit b FXO v FXS.

C nhiu phng thc bo hiu khc nhau ng vi tng ni s dng, v th ti ni kt ni vi ng dy in thoi cn xem xt h ang s dng phng thc bo hiu g, t chng ta khai thc loi tn hiu bo hiu cho thch hp, cc phng thc bo hiu nh Loop Start, Ground Start.

Mt minh ha cho vic s dng sai phng thc bo hiu l khi chng ta khai bo phng thc bo hiu gia h thng Asterisk v ng dy in thoi khc nhau th dn n Asterisk s khng nhn bit c tn hiu gc my, iu ny s lm cho asterisk khng bo gi gii ta c cuc gi thc hin cuc gi mi.

6.3 Bo hiu gia cc tng i

SS7 h thng bo hiu s 7 c pht trin bi AT&T v ITU l h thng bo hiu chuyn cc cuc gi gia cc tng i trong mng PSTN. Trong h thng bo hiu s 7 tn hiu chuyn ti trn ng trung k kt ni gia hai tng i gm c hai mch ring, mt cho thoi v mt cho bo hiu, nh vy thoi v bo hiu c th chuyn trn hai knh vt l khc nhau.

7. Bo hiu trn mng in thoi VoIP

7.1 Bo hiu gia cc tng i

Sip l giao thc Internet dnh cho bo hiu VoIP c pht trin bi IETF cung cp vi chc nng ging h thng bo hiu s 7 nhng da trn nn IP. Mt chc nng ging bo hiu s 7 l bo hiu v thoi chuyn ti trn hai knh ring. Giao thc SIP



thc hin chc nng thit lp v bo hiu cuc gi, khi ni n bo hiu cuc gi l ch nh cc tn hiu bo hiu nh: tn hiu mi quay s, tn hiu bn

7.2 Proxy Server

Mc d hai thit b SIP c th lin lc trc tip vi nhau khi to cuc gi nhng trong giao thc SIP cn c chc nng Proxy linh hot hn trong thit lp cuc gi. Proxy Server s lm nhim v ghi nhn tt c cc s in thoi c pha client ng k n qua bn tin Registration. Khi mt client khc thc hin cuc gi th thc s Client khng bit s in thoi cn gi ang u nn thng qua Proxy server tm kim thit lp cuc gi.

Hnh 12 - ng k t Client n SIP Proxy, Vi Giao thc SIP

ng bo hiu v thoi ring

7.3 RTP v NAT

Cc cuc gi trn Internet vi giao thc SIP c chia thnh cc gi thoi v c chuyn qua giao thc RTP (Real Time Protocol) . RTP l giao thc khng ch thc hin chuyn cc gi thoi qua Internet m cn c c video na. Mt cuc gi thng thng c hai hng thng tin l nhn v pht, RTP lm vic chuyn cc gi d liu thoi cng trn hai hng.

NAT Network Address Translators l mt tr ngi ln trong giao thc RTP. Mng s dng NAT l mt mng chia s nhiu a ch IP ni b vi mt a ch IP Cng cng kt ni vi th gii bn ngoi. NAT dng chia s nhiu my tnh trong mng LAN ni b s dng c Internet, nhng cng chnh v th m cc my tnh ni b gp kh khn trong vic thc hin cuc gi VoIP qua Internet. chnh l vn tr ngi khi truyn thoi qua giao thc RTP.



Hnh 13 - Minh ha hot ng ca NAT

Trong Giao thc RTP nh chng ta bit l thoi c chuyn trn hai ng khc nhau l ng pht v ng thu, Vn NAT nm ch tn hiu thoi t bn ngoi vo bn trong qua giao thc RTP khng thc hin c cn chiu ngc li th thc hin tt. Hay ni cch khc vn NAT lm cho cc cuc gi t

Internet m thoi vo cc my ni b qua NAT th khng nghe c, cn trong trng hp cc cuc gi t cc my ni b ra cc my internet th nghe tt. Vn NAT trn c gii quyt trong Asterisk bng vic khai bo thng s NAT=yes trong cu hnh knh giao thc SIP.

7.4 IAX Inter Asterisk eXchange

IAX l giao thc bo hiu Voip c pht trin bi tc gi ca phn mm Asterisk khc phc nhng hn ch trong giao thc SIP. Khng ging nh giao thc SIP chuyn ti thoi v bo hiu trn hai knh khc nhau (out of band), IAX chuyn ti thoi v bo hiu trn cng mt knh (in band). IAX gii quyt c vn NAT cp trn phn giao thc SIP. Mc khc IAX l giao thc ti u trong vic s dng bng thng, cho php nhiu gi d liu thoi trn cng mt IP header, c ch chuyn ti nhiu cuc gi trn cng mt gi IP c gi l trung k (Trunk).

IAX l giao thc dnh cho VoIP mi nht cho n thi im ny vi nhiu u im hp dn nh:

+ Ti thiu s dng bng thng. + Trong sut vi NAT. + Hiu qu vi c ch trung k.



8. Thit B VoIP

8.1 VoIP Phone

y l thit b phn cng kt ni vi mng VoIP ging nh my in thoi bn thng thng nhng dnh cho VoIP, cn phi thc hin cu hnh trc khi s dng.

Lu mt s tnh nng khi thc hin mua thit b in thoi VoIP:

+ Low bandwidth : H tr Codec no, G729 l tt nht hin nay. + Web Interface : Phi c giao tip thit lp cu hnh thn thin, d s dng. + Audio Interface : C speaker phone hay khng?

Gi thnh ca in thoi voip IP c hn in thoi thng thng, gi khong trn di 100$ mt ci.

Hnh 14 - My in Thoi VoIP

8.2 Softphone

L mt phn mm c ci trn my tnh thc hin tt c cc chc nng ging nh thit b in thoi Voip, cn lu khi s dng softphone l my tnh phi c card m thanh, headphone v firewall khng b kha. S dng softphone vi h thng Asterisk nn dng softphone vi cng ngh giao thc mi dnh cho Asterisk l IAX.

Hnh 15 in thoi Softphone



8.3 Card giao tip vi PSTN

Mun cho php cc my in thoi ni b trong h thng Asterisk kt ni v thc hin cuc gi vi mng PSTN chng ta cn phi c thit b phn cng tng thch. Thit b phn cng s dng cho h thng Asterisk do chnh tc gi lp cng ty Digium phn phi, y cng chnh l tng ln trong vic phn phi phn mm Asterisk l h thng ngun m s dng min ph. Thit b phn cng thng k hiu bt u bng cm t TDMxyB trong x l s lng port FXS, y l s lng port FXO gi tr ti a ca x v y l 4, v d card TDM22B c ngha l c 2 fort FXS v 2 port FXO.

Hnh 16 - Card TDM22B gm 4 port 2 FXS v 2 FXO

8.4 ATA Analog Telephone Adaptors

ATA l thit b kt ni vi in thoi Analog thng thng n mng VoIP, mt thit b ATA gm c hai loi port: RJ-11 kt ni vi my in thoi analog thng thng cn RJ-45 kt ni vi mng VoIP.

ATA thc s l thit b FXS chuyn i tn hiu Analog sang tn hiu s s dng cho mng VoIP, tn dng my in thoi Analog nn trang b thit b ATA thay v phi trang b in thoi VoIP.

Thit b ATA s dng vi giao thc IAX c Digium phn phi l thit b ATA c s dng rng ri vi Asterisk c tn gi l IAXy.

Hnh 17 - Thit b ATA

http://alovoice.vn Chng III: Ci t h thng Asterisk


Chng III

CI T H THNG ASTERISK

1. Gii thiu

ci t Asterisk, u tin chng ta cn phi ci t h iu hnh linux trn my tnh ca mnh. C th ci h iu hnh Linux Fedora , CentOS, Redhat, hoc Debian. Cc gi phn mm ph thuc phi c trong h iu hnh Linux trc khi ci Asterisk bao gm:

- bison - gcc - kernel-source - libtermcap-devel - ncurses-devel - openssl096b - openssl-devel

2. H iu hnh Linux Fedora 9

2.1 Ti sao s dng Linux Fedora 9 ?

Fedora c sinh ra nh l mt gii php hon ton ngun m thay th cho phin bn Red Hat Linux dnh cho doanh nghip. Nh vy n c k tha mt nn tng hon ton tin cy ca s pht trin Linux.

Mt trong nhng thay i quan trng trong bn Fedora mi m bn c th nhn thy ngay lp tc: l b ci Anaconda ca n c th thay i ng kch thc ca phn vng cng nh dng NTFS, t to kh nng d dng hn khi ci m rng Fedora ln bn ci Windows trc . Nhng ngi s dng Ubuntu cn phi ch i kh lu c cm nhn tnh nng tng t nh vy, do tht ng khen ngi cho Fedora v iu ny. Mt tnh nng mi khc ca phn ci t l mt ty chn h tr m ha a. Xt v mt tng quan, cc thay i trong ci t ca Fedora mang li rt nhiu li ch cho ngi s dng, v xt theo mt mc no h iu hnh ny cng t c mt phn s n gin v d s dng m Ubuntu ang s hu.

Rt nhiu ngi n tng vi gi PackageKit c Fedora 9, mt giao din ha dnh cho tin ch cp nht trong Fedora. Ngi ta nh gi PackageKit l phn qun l cp nht thn thin nht trong Linux, vi cc biu tng icon r rng, trc quan h tr cho sa li v cp nht bo mt. ng thi, ging nh Ubuntu 8.04, Fedora9 gi y s dng PulseAudio iu khin cc thit b m thanh trn ton b h iu hnh.



mc mc nh, Fedora bao gm SELinux, gia tng mc tinh vi trong cc ng x bo mt trn ton h iu hnh. c pht trin bi U.S. National Security Agency, ng dng ny hot ng mt cch chuyn nghip trong vic cnh bo ngi dng nhng tc ng an ninh c kh nng gy hi cho h thng v qun l quyn s dng ca ngi dng. Hu ht ngi s dng s nhn ra rng li ch ln nht ca SELinux l kh nng qun l quyn s dng th mc h thng: Chng trnh ny cnh bo bn khi c kch hot c quyn can thip th mc gc trong thi gian mt vi pht, do c th hn ch mc cao nht s ri ro bo mt do nhng bt cn trong s dng gy ra.

Vi nhng ngi s dng quen thuc vi Linux, Fedora 9 l mt la chn sng sut. Tnh nng bo mt mnh m v c nhiu ty chn ci t lm cho h iu hnh ny c phn linh hot hn Ubuntu, mt h iu hnh i hi nhiu khun dng ci t (t a ra nhiu hn ch hn).

2.2 Ci t h iu hnh Linux Fedora 9

u tin ta cn 1 phn vng trng trn 10GB khng cha bt c h iu hnh hoc d liu no k c Windows.

By gi bt u

- S c mt s tu chn c gii thiu mn hnh u tin. Tt nht ta nn chn option dng th 2 (text mode), vi h iu hnh linux dng text.

Hnh 18 Ci t Fedora 9 (1)

- Hy la chn Skip b qu bc kim tra ca Fedora v nhn Enter




- Sau khi nhn Enter bn s nhn thy mn hnh cho mng ca Fedora .Hy click Next tip tc


- Chn ngn ng . Hy chn English v nhn Next




- La chn bn phm .V hu ht bn phm Vit nam l bn phm US.English .Hy chn bn phm ny ko bn s gp rc ri sau ny nu ng l nh vy .Nhn Yes nu c hi (Khi ta nhn Yes mi d liu trn phn vng ci t Fedora s b xo sch) v click Next sang bc tip theo.




- y l lc ci t cc thit lp mng. Nu ta bit r v 1 a ch IP tnh (DHCP) Hy Click vo nt Edit v thit t theo cc ch dn sau (c th hi nh cung cp dch v nu ta khng chc lm). Fedora 9 h tr c IPv6 - cha xi c (hin ang l IPv4). Ta c th bt chc nng h tr IPv6 nu mun. Trong phn Host name c th chn Auto thit lp t ng .Hoc bn chn Manually thit lp th cng. Hng dn thit lp chi tit c m t bng cc hnh bn di Nhn Next sang bc tip theo.






- La chn quc gia ,vng lnh th ,thnh ph. Nhn Next




- Sau bc chn Time zone trn . Ca s k tip ny yu cu bn nhp Password cho ti khon root .Hy nhp li Password Confirm v ghi nh ly n.




- Bc quan trng .Nu bn tip tc nhn Next tc l bn giao ph cc thit lp cho Fedora 9.Mi phn vng s b xa to ra 1 cng trng hon ton nhm ci Fedora 9.Chc chn l bn khng mun th ri .Vy th bn phi t chn ly phn vng ti thiu l 10GB .Hy nhn vo du mi tn tr xung th Remove all partitions on selected and create defauld layout chn Create custom layout sau hy nhn Advanced Storage thit lp.


- Tuyt vi l Fedora 9 s cho php bn m ho phn vng ci n. Hy chn Password m ha v click OK (c th b qua bc ny).




- Click Write changes to disk nu c hi


- Ngay sau bc ny cc phn vng m bn to ra bc trn s c nh dng ci Fedora 9




- Gi ta c th la chn nhng gi m mong mun Fedora 9 s ci t hoc khng - Tt nht ta nn chn thm gi MySQL v Samba ci t, s h tr rt nhiu cho ta v

sau. (v ci t cc Service ny sau s d pht sinh ra li kh khc phc)





- Hnh chn thm cc option y ch mang tnh tng trng. - Click Next v cho Fedora lm nhng g ta thit lp trn v ci t vo cng.

Hy i t 8-10 pht tu theo s gi m ta chn v cu hnh my




- Khi ci t hon tt .Click Reboot khi ng li h thng





- Nu ta chn m ho h thng file th gi l lc c nhc Password


- H thng s khi ng



3. Ci t Asterisk

ci t Asterisk ta ln lt thc hin cc cng on sau:

3.1 Chun b v kim tra h thng

u tin kim tra phin bn chnh xc ca kernel. Dng lnh:

uname a

Mn hnh s hin th nh sau:

Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.23.15-80.fc7 #1 SMP Sun Feb 10 17:29:10 EST 2008 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

Ta kim tra ci t ngun kernel (phin bn hin ti ca kernel) cha Dng lnh:

rpm -q kernel-devel

Mn hnh s hin th nh sau:

kernel-devel-2.6.23.15-80.fc7

Nu ta cha ci t kernel-devel ta dng lnh sau ci t Dng lnh:

yum install kernel-devel

Cn gcc (hoc gnu gcc) bin dch Asterisk. Trong trng hp nu server khng c gcc, dng lnh sau ci t gcc:

yum install gcc

Thc hin kim tra cc gi sau y: bison bison-devel ncurses ncurses-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel gnutls-devel

gcc gcc-c++.

Nu ta cha ci t cc gi ny th thc hin lnh sau ci t mt cch y :

yum install bison bison-devel ncurses ncurses-devel zlib zlib-devel

openssl openssl-devel gnutls-devel gcc gcc-c++



3.2 Download v bung nn

Nu ta ci bt k gi no trc y th bc ny s c b qua. By gi ta cn download bn asterisk 1.4.x ci t. (vi x l phin bn hin ti hoc phin bn m bn mun ci t ).

Ta c th dng lnh wget download cc gi asterisk v. u tin ta thc hin lnh sau ci t wget:

yum install wget

Download cc gi ct vo th mc /usr/src Dng lnh:

cd /usr/src

1. Cp nht h iu hnh # yum update -y

2. Disable Firewall

# sed -i s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g /etc/selinux/config

3. Reboot li my tnh #reboot

4. Ci t cc phn mm cn thit cht Asterisk # yum install -y make wget openssl-devel ncurses-devel newt-devel libxml2-devel

kernel-devel gcc gcc-c++ sqlite-devel

5. Ci t Asterisk # cd /usr/src/

# wget http://downloads.asterisk.org/pub/telephony/dahdi-linux-complete/dahdi-linux-

complete-current.tar.gz

# wget http://downloads.asterisk.org/pub/telephony/libpri/libpri-1.4-current.tar.gz

# wget http://downloads.asterisk.org/pub/telephony/asterisk/asterisk-11-current.tar.gz

# tar zxvf dahdi-linux-complete*

# tar zxvf libpri*

# tar zxvf asterisk*

Ci t DAHDI # cd /usr/src/dahdi-linux-complete*

# make && make install && make config



Ci t Libpri # cd /usr/src/libpri*

# make && make install

Ci t Asterisk # cd /usr/src/asterisk*

+ Trn 32bit CentOS

# ./configure && make menuselect && make && make install

+ Trn 64bit CentOS

# ./configure --libdir=/usr/lib64 && make menuselect && make && make install

(Trong qu trnh ci c g sai st thc hin lnh make clean && make distclean ri ci li )

+ Ci cc mu cu hnh cho asterisk (qu trnh ny s chp trn file cu hnh h thng hin ti - ht sc cn thn) # make samples

+ Thm Asterisk vo th mc /etc/init.d/ h thng t ng chy Asterisk mi khi khi ng my # make config

6. Chy DAHDI # service dahdi start

7. Chy Asterisk #service asterisk start

8. Kt ni vo CLI thao tc vi Asterisk # asterisk -rvvv

Dng lnh stop now trong CLI shutdown Asterisk

CLI>stop now

Cc lnh trong CLI commands kim tra peers/users:

sip show peers : Hin th tt c sip peers (including friends) sip show users : Hin th tt c sip users (including friends) sip show registry : Hin th trng thi host ta ang cu hnh sip debug : Hin th tt c thng bo sip module reload chan_sip.s : Ti li file cu hnh

3.3 Cu hnh a ch IP cho card mng

Thit lp a ch IP bng cch g lnh:



# setup

- Sau hin ln ca s ta ci t, cu hnh. - Sau khi cu hnh a ch IP cho interface, ta nh reset li Service Network update

cc cu hnh ta mi va chnh sa. - Dng lnh:

# service network restart

4. T chc th mc ca Asterisk

Asterisk s dng nhiu th mc trn h thng linux qun l cc kha cnh khc nhau ca h thng, nh ghi nhn bn tin thoi, cc bn tin nhc thoi, hoc cc tp tin cu hnh. Phn ny s trnh by cc th mc chnh yu c to ra trong qu trnh lp t v c cu hnh trong tp tin Asterisk.conf.

Th mc /etc/asterisk/

Cha tt c cc tp tin cu hnh ca h thng Asterisk ngoi tr tp tin Zaptel.conf c t ti th mc /etc/. Phn cng Zaptel u tin c pht trin bi Jim Dixon thuc nhm Zapata Telephony Group giao tip gia my tnh vi mng in thoi, m Asterisk li s dng phn cng ny, vi l do m file cu hnh zaptel.conf khng nm trong th mc /etc/asterisk/.

Th mc usr/ lib/asterisk/modules/

Cha tt c cc module cn thit asterisk hot ng. Bn trong th mc l cc ng dng khc nhau, cc codec, cc nh dng m thanh (format) v cc knh thng tin (channel). Theo mc nh Asterisk s np tt c cc module vo lc khi ng. Chng ta c th khng cho np mt module bt k bng cch khng khai bo s dng trong tp tin modules.conf. Lu khi khng cho np module th phi bit chc module khng lm nh hng hot ng ca asterisk nu khng li s xut hin.

Th mc /var/lib/asterisk

Cha tp tin astdb v mt s th mc con. Tp tin astdb nh v thng tin c s d liu ca Asterisk ging nh Microsoft Windows Registry.

Cc th mc con ca th mc /var/lib/asterisk/ bao gm:

agi-bin/



Th mc agi-bin/ cha cc script ca ngi dng m Asterisk c th nh v s dng qua cc ng dng AGI. AGI l phn giao tip vi ngn ng lp trnh script thc hin mt s cng vic ca Asterisk t bn ngoi.

firmware/

Th mc firmware/ cha mt s firmware cho cc thit b khc nhau tng thch vi Asterisk. Hin ti ch c th mc con /iax cha firmware cho thit b IAXy ca Digium. IAXy l thit b ATA s dng giao thc IAX.

images/

Cc ng dng thng tin vi cc knh h tr nh images th s dng th mc ny. Nhng hin ti cc knh thng tin hu nh khng h tr truyn nh images nn th mc ny cng him khi c s dng. Tuy nhin nu cc thit b c h tr th th mc ny tr nn hiu dng.

keys/

Asterisk c th s dng h thng kho public/private xc minh cc kt ni gia cc server Asterisk thng qua ch k in t RSA. Nu t mt kho public vo th mc /keys th kt ni ca server u bn kia c th c xc minh bng knh thng tin c h tr, i vi Asterisk th knh giao thc IAX h tr loi xc minh ny. Mt kho private khng bao gi cng b, chng ta ch cng b kho public n vi server cn ni n, sau s c xc minh vi kho private ny. C hai kho public v private c lu vi ui .pub v .key t ti th mc keys/.

mohmp3/

Khi cu hnh Asterisk s dng tnh nng Music on Hold, tnh nng hot ng s thc hin ly cc tp tin mp3 ti th mc mohmp3/. Tp tin nh dng theo chun ca Asterisk nn khi s dng cc file Mp3 thng thng cn c s chuyn i thch hp trc khi chp vo th mc trn s dng.

sounds/

Tt c cc tp tin m thanh lin quan n nhc thoi ca Asterisk c t ti th mc sounds/. Ni dung ca cc tp tin cha trong th mc c lit k qua tp tin sounds.txt t ti th mc m ngun ca Asterisk. Cn ni dung ca cc tp tin m thanh c m rng thm c lit k trong tp tin sounds-extra.txt t trong th mc c trch ra khi bung gi asterisk-sounds.

Th mc /var/spool/asterisk/



Cha nhiu th mc con bao gm outgoing/, qcall, tmp/, voicemail/. Asterisk lun kim qua th mc outgoing v qcall v y l hai th mc cha cc tp tin dng text cha thng tin yu cu cuc gi. Cc tp tin cho php to ra cuc gi n gin bng cch chp tp tin ng cu trc quy nh vo th mc outgoing/.

Th mc tmp/ s dng lu tr nhng thng tin tm, lun bo m khng xy ra tnh trng c v vit tp tin cng mt lc. Khi yu cu x l tp tin chng ta thao tc trn th mc tmp/ trc khi lu vo tp tin ch. Tt c cc li nhc thoi t pha ngi s dng v cc li nhc thoi s dng cho thao tc hp voicemail u c cha trong th mc voicemail/. Mt hp th thoi c to ra ng vi mt my ni b trong tp tin voicemail.conf, s c to ra mt th mc con tng ng cho my ni b ti th mc voicemail/.

Th mc /var/run/

Cha thng tin process ID (pid) cho tt c cc tin trnh ang hot ng trong h thng, bao gm c Asterisk. Lu l ng vi mi h iu hnh th mc /var/run/ c th khc.

Th mc /var/log/asterisk/

L ni Asterisk cha tt c cc tp tin nht k hay cn gi l tp tin log. Chng ta c th tu bin cc loi thng tin c lu trong cc tp tin log khc nhau qua tp tin cu hnh logger.conf t ti th mc /etc/asterisk.

Th mc /var/log/asterisk/cdr-csv

c s dng lu chi tit cuc gi CDR, thng tin mc nh v chi tit thng tin cuc gi lu tr trong tp tin Master.CVS, nhng thng th ng vi mi m accountcode s to mt th mc ring lu chi tit cuc gi cho my .

5. Mt s lnh thao tc trn h thng asterisk

Asterisk c hai thnh phn c xy dng tch hp vi nhau v chy song song nhau:

- Asterisk Server bnh thng chy ch nn (background) ging cc sevices trong window.

- Asterisk Client ch dng lnh CLI giao tip vi Asterisk Server, thc thi cc lnh kim tra, hay xem cc thng tin ca server.

chy v dng Asterisk ch nn chng ta thc hin lnh sau:

# /etc/init.d/asterisk (start|stop)



Mt khi Asterisk chy chng ta c th chuyn qua ch CLI t du nhc lnh ca linux nh sau:

# asterisk r

Khi vo ch lnh nu mun thot v li du nhc linux chng ta dng lnh: # CLI> exit

Cc lnh c bn thc hin ti CLI> Bt c khi no chnh sa cc tp tin cu hnh chng ta u cn phi np li cc thay i c hiu lc, iu thc hin bng lnh:

# CLI> reload

Bc ch debug cho knh thng tin SIP hoc IAX2

# CLI> IAX2 debug

# CLI> SIP debug

Tt ch debug cho knh thng tin SIP hoc IAX2

# CLI> IAX2 no debug

# CLI> SIP no debug

Hin th cc trng thi thng tin ca users, peers v channels ca SIP hoc IAX2

# CLI> sip show users

# CLI> sip show peers

# CLI> sip show channels

# CLI> iax2 show peers

# CLI> iax2 show users

# CLI> iax2 show channels

n thi im ny c th ni chng ta hon thnh ci t h thng Asterisk, ci t xong mi l bc m u, cho h thng Asterisk hot ng vi tng ng dng c th chng s tip tc thc hin cc giai on c xem l quan trng nht trong vic trin khai h thng Asterisk, l giai on cu hnh h thng, ln k hoch Diaplan. chng cn li u nhm n mc tiu ny.

http://alovoice.vn Chng IV: Cu hnh h thng Asterisk


Chng IV

CU HNH H THNG ASTERISK

1. Gii thiu

Sau khi hon tt phn ci t h thng asterisk, mt bc quan trng tip theo l cu hnh h thng, c th ni y l bc quan trng nht ca vic khin khai h thng n vi tng ng dng c th. Trong chng ny xin gii thiu ci nhn u tin v vic cu hnh trc khi i su hn nhng chng sau, nhng g gii thiu trong chng ny l nn mng c bn nhng hiu lm th no h thng c th hot ng c, ni dung chnh bao gm:

+ Thao tc cu hnh trn h thng tp tin ca asterisk. + Cch ci t phn mm softphone trn cng ngh sip + Cu hnh cho hai my softphone lin lc vi nhau. + Cu hnh pht thng ip + Quay s qua Sip v mng PSTN

2. Tp tin cu hnh

Tt c cc file cu hnh cho h thng asterisk u nm ti th mc /etc/asterisk ngoi tr file zaptel.conf cu hnh cho phn cng TDM nm ti th mc /etc, cch thc cu hnh ging nh tp tin .ini ca window vy. Cc ni dung sau du chm phy ; l ni dung ch thch trong file cu hnh ging nh ch thch trong ngn ng lp trnh C l du //. Tt c cc khong trng trong tp tin u c b qua khng c ngha trong file cu hnh.

Trong file cu hnh cn c hai php gn rt thng xuyn c s dng, php gn = l dng cho vic gn cc bin, cn php gn => dng cho vic gn cc i tng sau y l mt v d cho file cu hnh:



Hnh 40 V d file cu hnh

C php thc hin ging nhau cho tt c cc file cu hnh nhng c vi kiu khc nhau cho mi file cu hnh da vo thc cch hot ng ca chng.

3. Cc kiu nh hng trong tp cu hnh

C ba kiu cch thc hot ng ca tp tin cu hnh nh sau:



Hnh 41 Ba kiu cch thc hot ng ca tp tin cu hnh

3.1 Simple Group

y l kiu cu hnh n gin nht thng s dng trong cc file extention.conf, meetme.conf, voicemail.conf tng ng vi mi dng khai bo l mt i tng c ngha trn dng .



Hnh 42 Mt v d cho kiu hot ng Simple Group

Trong v d trn mi dng tng ng vi cc ton t khc nhau object1 c cc ton t op1, op2, op3 trong khi object2 li c cc ton t op1b, op2b, op3b.

3.2 Option Inheritance

y l cu hnh kiu tha k thng c cu hnh trong cc file zapata.conf, agent.conf. vi kiu cu hnh ny th cc dng pha di c th tha k cc thng s dng pha trn, tng ng vi mi section cc dng pha di c th thay i cc thng s cho tng ng.

Hnh 43 Mt v d cho kiu hot ng Option Inheritance

Vi cu hnh trn c th gii thch nh sau object1=>1 tha hng hai thng s pha trn l op1=bas v op2=adv trong khi i vi object1=>2 vi thng s op1=int c khai bo li nn object1=>2 c tha k t hai thng s op1=int v op2=adv.



3.3 Complex Entity

Vi cu kiu ny c t chc thnh nhiu entity, ng vi mi entity c nhiu thng s c khai bo, mi entity y chnh l cc section khai bo cc knh thng tin. Cu hnh thng c s dng trong cc file iax.conf, sip.conf.

Hnh 43 Mt v d cho kiu hot ng Complex Entity

Entity1 c cc gi tr value1 v value2 cho thng s op1 v op2, trong khi cng l thng s op1 v op2 nhng c cc gi tr khc l value3 v value4 cho entity2.

4. Cu hnh in thoi IP SIP phone

Trong phn ny s gii thiu cu hnh khai bo n gin in thoi IP SIP phone.

Thc hin cu hnh trong file /etc/asterisk/sip.conf.. Cc my in thoi s cu hnh trong file ny trc khi quay s hay nhn cuc gi.

4.1 Phn khai bo chung

Trong file sip.conf c section [general] dng khai bo cc thng s chung cho tt c cc knh sip trong ton b tp tin ny, nhng cc thng s c th mang gi tr khc trong phn khai bo trn cc knh ring ph hp vi knh .



Sau y l cc thng s chnh:

Allow/disallow : nh ngha s dng cc codec.

Bindaddr : a ch IP m client kt ni n knh ny, nu thng s ny c khai bo l 0.0.0.0 cho php tt c cc a ch IP c th kt ni n knh ny.

Context : Tt c cc cuc gi mc nh s c chuyn n ng cnh ny ngoi tr phn di file cu hnh c khai bo ng cnh khc.

Bindpor : Cng SIP UDP m client cn kt ni n.

Maxexpirey : Thi gian ti a ng k, n v tnh bng giy.

Defaultexpirey: Thi gian mc nh ng k, n v tnh bng giy.

Register : kt ni giao tip vi server khc.

Hnh 47 Gii thiu file sip.conf

4.2 Khai bo knh SIP

Trong phn ny s khai bo cc knh sip ring cho tng in thoi ip sip phone, tt nhin cc thng s trong phn [general] s c hiu lc trn cc knh ny ngoi tr ti phn khai bo cc knh ny khai bo li thng s phn trn.



Sau y l cc thng s dnh khai bo ring cho tng knh SIP:

[name] : y l phn khai bo my in thoi extention ip sip, c th l k t nhng thng l cc con s quay v trn cc phm in thoi thng l cc con s m thi.

Type : Kiu kt ni thng tin user, peer hay friend (bao gm chc nng kiu user & peer)

Host : a ch IP hay tn min m client kt ni vi knh ny thng dng gi tr l dynamic cho tt c client kt ni n.Ta nn a ch Asterisk Server.

Secret : Mt khu s dng knh ny. My in thoi pha client phi khai bo trng vi thng s ny th mi s dng c.

Hnh 48 Khai bo cc knh sip.conf

5. Gii thiu DialPlan

Dialplan l tri tim ca h thng asterisk. Dialplan cho bit cc cuc gi s c x l nh th no qua h thng asterisk. Dialplan bao gm tp hp cc dng lnh hay cc ng dng theo mt trnh t no m h thng phi thc hin p ng nhu cu chuyn mch cuc gi. hiu r v cu hnh thnh cng h thng asterisk th iu kin u tin l phi bit dialplan hot ng nh th no.



Dialplan l cng vic thit lp cho hot ng ca h thng nh nh hng cc cuc gi vo, ra h thng, l mt danh sch cc bc hay cc lnh lin tc nhau thchin mt tc v no m h thng phi thc hin theo. Khc bit vi cc h thng in thoi truyn thng tt c cc cng vic cu hnh h thng u l t pha ngi s dng.

Dialplan c cu hnh qua tp tin extension.conf, lin quan n vic cu hnh dialplan c nhng khi nim cn nm l:

Extentions : in thoi ni b Priorities : Th t thc hin Applications : Cc ng dng, cc cng vic phi thc hin Contexts : Cc ng cnh

Trc khi cu hnh hy lu li tp tin extention.conf gc v thc hin trn file extention.conf rng.

5.1 Extentions

Dialplan l mt tp gm nhiu extention, khi mt cuc gi tng ng vi extention no th ng dng cho cuc gi s c thc hin. Extention c th n gin vi mt ch danh c th nh 8051 hay l mt chui so mu c thc hin nh _9xxx.

Hnh 49 Cc dng ca extention

Hnh 50 V d v extention (1)



exten=> ging nhau cho mi dng thc hin trong dialplan, 8051 l s in thoi m thu bao quay hay l extention, cn cc con s 1 v 2 l cc priorites tc l th t ( u tin ) thc hin cc lnh. Khi thu bao quay s 8051 th chung my ip sip 8051 nu trong vng 20 giy m thu bao khng nhc my th kt thc cuc gi.

Extension l thnh phn m asterisk thc hin theo, c kch hot khi c cuc gi vo extension chnh l con s m thu bao cn gi. Trong mi ng cnh s c th c nhiu extension. Extenstion chnh l ht nhn h thng xc nh cuc gi cn thc hin. Extenstion hon chnh gm c cc phn :

exten => Name, priority, application( )

Name ( tn k t hoc con s ) ca extension Priority ( mi extension c th bao gm nhiu bc mi bc c gi l

priority). Application ( hoc command ) Thc hin mt ng dng c th no cho cuc

gi

5.2 Priorities Th t thc hin

Priorities l th t thc hin cc ng dng trong dialplan, khi th t 1 c thc hin th k tip l ng dng ti th t s 2 c thc hin, k t vertion 1.2 ca Asterisk thay v s dng gn mt con s c th cho th t thc hin nh trn th y c th gn k t n cho mi dng exten=> iu ny s ni vi asterisk l ng dng vi th t tip theo s thc hin.

V d:


v d trn dng c th t 2 ng trc dng c th t 1, nhng khi thc hin diaplan th dng c th t Priorities 1 u tin thc hin trc bt k th t sp xp nh th no.




Th t thc hin tng dng 1 t trn xung di.

5.3 Applications Cc hm ng dng

y l phn quan trng trong diaplan tc l ng dng no s c thc hin trn mi dng, cc ng dng nh thc hin quay s,tr li cuc gi hay n gin l nhc gc my bit thm thng tin v cc ng dng cng nh cc thng s km theo th hy dng lnh show Aplications trn giao tip dng lnh ca asterisk:

5.4 Contexts Ng cnh

i vi Asterisk y khi ni n ng cnh (context) th thng quan tm n trng hp c th no , iu ny r rng rng trong h thng s c rt nhiu ng cnh (context) khc nhau.

V d khi gi n tng i Asterisk c mt thng ip thng bo nh sau Cho mng cc bn gi n cng ty chng ti. Hy nhn phm 1 gp phng kinh doanh, phm 2 gp phng k thut khi ngi gi chn phm 1 th h thng s chuyn n mt ng cnh (context) l [PhongKinhDoanh] khi ngi gi nhn phm 2 th h thng s nh hng cuc gi qua ng cnh (context) [PhongKyThuat] nh vy ng vi mi trng hp h thng s c ng cnh khc nhau, ng cnh c t trong du [] .



Hnh 53 V d v ng cnh

Ngoi ta i vi vic cu hnh cho cc knh thoi th ng cnh y l vic x l cc cuc gi tng ng vi knh qua k hoch diaplan.

Hnh 54 V d v ng cnh (2)



Hnh 55 V d v ng cnh (3)

Khi thu bao 8052 nhc my th Asterisk chuyn cuc gi ny n ng cnh [noibo] v ch nhn con s quay, nu thu bao 8052 quay s 8051 th s my 8051 s rung chung trong vng 20 giy, nu qua 20 giy m thu bao 8051 khng nhc my th cuc gi s kt thc.

Khi thu bao 8051 nhc my th Asterisk chuyn cuc gi ny n ng cnh [Tu_SIP] v ch nhn con s quay, nu thu bao 8051 quay s 8052 th s my 8052 s rung chung trong vng 20 giy, nu qua 20 giy m thu bao 8052 khng nhc my th cuc gi s kt thc.

6. Mt v d Dialplan c th

Hnh 56 Mt v d Dialplan



Trong phn thc hnh ny chng ta cn trang b nhng thit b sau:

+ My tnh Server asterisk.

+ Hai my tnh client ci t hai Softphone X-lite ni mng vi my tnh server asterisk.

6.1 Khai bo thu bao trong Tng i Asterisk

Bc 1: Cu hnh file sip.conf (trong /etc/asterisk/)

[general]

bindport=5060

bindaddr=0.0.0.0

context=default

allow=all

[gsm] // cu hnh cho thit b gsm gi ra mng PSTN thng qua sng di ng type=friend

host=192.168.8.1

dtmfmode=rfc2833

context=gsmtrunk

[209]

type=friend

secret=209123

mailbox=209@default

host=dynamic

context=gsmtrunk

canreinvite=no

callerid=

[2000]

type=friend

secret=2000

mailbox=2000@default

host=dynamic

context=menuIVR

canreinvite=no

callerid=

[2002]

type=friend

secret=2002


host=dynamic



context=menuIVR

canreinvite=no

callerid=

[2003]

type=friend

secret=2003


host=dynamic

context=gsmtrunk

canreinvite=no

callerid=

[2005]

type=friend

secret=1081


host=dynamic

context=from-didong

canreinvite=no

callerid=

Bc 2: Cu hnh file extensions.conf cc thu bao c th lin lc vi nhau (/etc/asterisk/)

[default]

exten => 2000,1,dial(sip/2000)

exten => 2000,2 hangup()

exten => 2002,1,dial(sip/2002)

exten => 2002,2 hangup()

6.2 Cu hnh Softphone X-lite

- M chng trnh X-Lite , show menu chn SIP Account Settings



Hnh 57 Khai bo Sip Account trong Softphone X-lite(1)

- Thc hin khai bo cu hnh :

Hnh 58 Khai bo Sip Account trong Softphone X-lite(2)

- in cc thng s :



Display name : Tn hin th, c th chn bt k, tn ny gip d nhn bit chc nng ring ca phng, khng c ngha trong cc cuc gi.

User name : S ni b ng k vi tng i asterisk.

Domain : a ch server asterisk.

Nu thnh cng mn hnh softphone X-Lite s bo nh sau :

Hnh 59 Khai bo thnh cng Softphone X-lite vi Server Asterisk

Lc ny softphone kt ni c vi server asterisk.

6.3 Cu hnh Automated attendant (chc nng IVR)

Chng ta to kch bn cuc gi nh sau :

Khi cuc gi n tng i th h thng Asterisk s pht sinh thng ip Cho mng qu khch gi n tng i chng ti, kt ni ti s ni b gii p mi thng tin xin n phm theo hng dn. Sau h thng s thc hin kt ni quay s sip cho Phng K Thut hay Phng Hnh Chnh, Kinh Doanh ph thuc vo thu bo yu cu nhp s gi vo.

c th lm c iu :



- Bc 1: To file m thanh ( trong /var/lib/asterisk/sound/)

u tin chng ta to file m thanh welcome.wav (dng chng trnh thu m sn) ph hp vi ng cnh kch bn ca mnh, ri gn file vo th vo th mc /var/lib/asterisk/sound.

Sau ta dng lnh sau chuyn file welcome.wav thnh file welcome.gsm v vi phn m rng .gsm ny cht lng m thanh s tt hn.

u tin ta ch ng dn n th mc cha file m thanh cn chuyn i Dng lnh: #cd /var/lib/asterisk/sound

Sau dng lnh: # sox welcome.wav r 8000 s w c 1 .gsm

- Bc 2: Cu hnh file extensions.conf

[menuIVR]

exten => 1080,1,answer()

exten => 1080,2,Background(welcome1080)

exten => 1080,3,WaitExten()

exten => 1,1,Goto(nghenhac,1082,1)

exten => 2,1,Goto(noibo,2000,1) ; gap truc tiep dien thoai vien

exten => 3,1,hangup()

6.4 Cu hnh VoiceMail

- Bc 1: To Mailbox - Cu hnh file voicemail.conf

[default]

2000 => 0, Khach Hang, khachhang@hopthu

2001 => 1, Thue bao, thuebao@hopthu

2002 => 2, Phong Tu Van, tuvan@hopthu

2003 => 3, Phong Ky Thuat, kythuat@hopthu

2004 => 4, Phng Hnh Chnh, hanhchanh@hopthu

( trong 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 l password ca hp th 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 )



- Bc 2: Cu hnh voicemail trong file extensions.conf

ng dng VoiceMail() chuyn caller vo trong mailbox, ta c th li li nhn. S mailbox c th c tip u bng k t b, hay u. Nu b c s dng, caller s nghe m thanh bo bn ca ch s hu mailbox, nu u c s dng, caller s nghe m thanh bo nu khng nhc my mailbox.

[noibo]

exten => 2000,1,VoiceMail(u2000@default) ; Gi li nhn thoi n hp th 2000 khi ; khng nghe my

exten => 2002,1,Voic

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