CASE STUDY

PAYMENTS AND “SOUND”FRAUD SCHEMES

1. TO PORT

VESSEL WAS FIXEDTHROUGH BROKER

THE SHIPPER IS WELL KNOWN ON THE MARKET

CHARTERERS APPOINTED THE AGENT

AT THE PORT OF LOADING

DISBURSEMENT ACCOUNTUSD 70 000

3 DAYS OF WAITING

SHIPOWNER HAD NO CHOICE BUT TO RE FIX THE VESSEL

2. SUSPICIONS WERE VERIFIED

THE CARGO ON BOARD AND THE B/L ISSUED

B/L WERE HELD BY THE AGENT

FREIGHTPREPAID

EMAIL WASRECEIVED BY THE AGENT

AT THE SAME TIMETHE SHIPOWNER’S INBOX WAS SPAMED

B/L WERE PASSED

3. LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE

SELLER

BUYER/CHARTERER

SHIPOWNER

CARGO OWNER

BEWARE!

KNOW YOUR TOOLS

THE OWNER

CARGO OWNER CARGO OWNER

CARGO OWNER CARGO OWNER

Total number of Bill of Ladings:

22

Total price of the Cargo:USD 26,000,000.00

THE OWNER

CARGO OWNER CARGO OWNER

CARGO OWNER CARGO OWNER

Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims 1976

Article 1Shipowners and salvors, as hereinafter defined, may limittheir liability in accordance with the rules of this Convention

Practice Direction for Civil Procedure Rules 61Par. 10Where a limitation fund is established, it must bethe sterling equivalent of the number of SDR…

ONE VESSEL COMPANYBECAME

NO VESSEL COMPANY

LIMITATION FUND CONSTITUTED BYP&I guarantee for USD 11,000,000.00

“…Owners are entitled to constitute a limitation fund under the 1976 Convention, by means of the production of a guarantee.”

SANCTIONSINFLUENCE ON SHIPPING

SHIPPERS

CHARTERERS

OWNERS

CONSIGNEES

USA: designations extend to any entity owned or controlled by designated persons

EU: Regulations apply to funds and resources “controlled by” listed persons and prohibit making funds available to such persons “directly or indirectly”

1. LIEN ON CARGO

2. FREIGHT ON ESCROW

3. RELEASE OF CARGO

По нашему мнению, причиной порчи груза явилось умышленное бездействие судовладельца в связи с неоплатой фрахта.

Т.е. произошедшее событие нельзя рассматривать как случайность, скорее его следует считать прогнозируемым результатом.

Рекомендуем вам принять меры к защитеинтересов.

ПОЗИЦИЯ СТРАХОВЩИКОВ:

2. LIEN ON CARGO

3. FREIGHT ON ESCROW

1. DISCHARGINGAT WAREHOUSE

4. RELEASE OF CARGO