S2Biom Project Grant Agreement n°608622

Delivery of sustainable supply of non

A selection method to match biomass types

Authors: Wolter Elbersen (Wageningen UR

(Wageningen UR

Version

1

2

This project is cotechnological development and demonstration under grant agreement noresponsibilityuse that may be made of the information contained therein.


S2Biom Project Grant Agreement n°608622


with the best conversion technologies.

uthors: Wolter Elbersen (Wageningen UR

Bakker (Wageningen UR

(Wageningen UR

Version Date

23-03-2015

30-04-2015

This project is co-funded by the Eurotechnological development and demonstration under grant agreement noresponsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for anyuse that may be made of the information contained therein.



S2BIOM





(Wageningen UR/DLO

Author(s)

2015

Bert Annevelink, Klaus

Lenz, Eija Alakangas

and Martijn Vis (ed)

2015 Martijn Vis

funded by the Eurotechnological development and demonstration under grant agreement no

of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for anyuse that may be made of the information contained therein.

Delivery of sustainable supply of non-food biomass to support a “resource


S2BIOM Deliverable D





/DLO), Martijn Vis (BTG),

30

Author(s) adding




Martijn Vis

funded by the European Union within the 7th Frameworktechnological development and demonstration under grant agreement no


food biomass to support a “resource


Deliverable D




Bakker (Wageningen UR/DLO

Martijn Vis (BTG),

(VTT)

30.04.2015

Reason for modification




Inputs Bert Annevelink, Klaus and Eija

Alavankas

Updates and final editing

pean Union within the 7th Frameworktechnological development and demonstration under grant agreement no




Deliverable D




/DLO), Paulien Harmsen

Martijn Vis (BTG),

2015



Alavankas


pean Union within the 7th Frameworktechnological development and demonstration under grant agreement no




Deliverable D2.2



uthors: Wolter Elbersen (Wageningen UR/DLO

Paulien Harmsen

Martijn Vis (BTG), Eija Alakangas




pean Union within the 7th Framework Programmetechnological development and demonstration under grant agreement no

of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any

food biomass to support a “resource-efficient” Bioeconomy in Europe




/DLO), Rob

Paulien Harmsen

Eija Alakangas

Status


PU

Programme for research,608622. The sole


efficient” Bioeconomy in Europe



Rob

Paulien Harmsen

Eija Alakangas

Status

PU

for research,608622. The sole


efficient” Bioeconomy in Europeefficient” Bioeconomy in Europe

2

List of Tables

1. Introduction

1.1.

1.2.

1.3.

1.4.

2. Thermal conversion technologies

2.1.

2.2.

2.2.1.

2.2.2.

2.2.3.

2.3.

2.4.

3. Anaerobic

4. Bio

4.1.

4.2.

4.3.

5. Database set

References

Appendix 1.

Appendix 2. ISO Categories of ISO/FDIS / DIN EN ISO 16559

Appendix 2. WP 1 lignocellulose biomass data base categories

List of Tables ................................

Introduction

Background

Task description

Problem description

Approach

Thermal conversion technologies

Corrosion

Ash agglomeration

2.2.1. Alkali Index

2.2.2. Fouling index

2.2.3. Ash melting temperature: (initial deformation temperature, IDT)

Ash content:

NOx emi

Anaerobic digestion

Biochemical

Lignin content

Cellulose + hemicellulose content

Ash content (same as for thermal conversion):

Database set

References ................................

Appendix 1. Lignoc



D2.2 A selection method to match

................................

Introduction ................................

Background ................................

Task description

Problem description

Approach................................


Corrosion................................

Ash agglomeration

Alkali Index ................................

ling index ................................

Ash melting temperature: (initial deformation temperature, IDT)

Ash content: ................................

NOx emission................................

digestion ................................

chemical conversion

Lignin content ................................



Database set-up................................

................................

Lignocellulosic biomass categories covered by the data base




Table of contents

................................................................

................................

................................

................................

Problem description ................................

................................


................................

Ash agglomeration ................................

................................

................................


................................

................................

................................

conversion ................................

................................



................................

................................................................

ellulosic biomass categories covered by the data base




Table of contents

................................

................................................................

................................................................

................................

................................

................................................................

Thermal conversion technologies ................................

................................................................

................................

................................................................

................................................................


................................................................

................................................................

................................................................

................................

................................................................

Cellulose + hemicellulose content ................................


................................................................

................................




D2.2 A selection method to match biomass types with conversion technologies

Table of contents

................................................................

................................

................................

................................

................................................................

................................

................................

................................

................................................................

................................

................................


................................

................................

................................

................................................................

................................

................................

Ash content (same as for thermal conversion): ................................

................................

................................................................




biomass types with conversion technologies

................................

................................................................

................................................................

................................

................................

................................................................

................................................................

................................................................

................................

................................................................

................................................................


...............................................................

.............................................................

........................................................

................................

...........................................................

............................................................

................................

...............................................................

................................


Appendix 2. ISO Categories of ISO/FDIS / DIN EN ISO 16559 .............................



............................................

................................

................................

.........................

...................................................

................................

................................

................................

.....................................................

................................

................................

Ash melting temperature: (initial deformation temperature, IDT) ........................

...............................

.............................

........................

.................................................

...........................

............................

........................................

...............................

..............................................


.............................

.......................


............ 3

....................................... 5

................................ 5

......................... 5

................... 5

.................................... 6

................................... 7

.................................... 7

..................... 7

.........................................8

......................................8

........................8

............................... 8

............................. 9

........................ 10

................. 11

........................... 12

............................ 12

........ 12

............................... 13

.............. 15

ellulosic biomass categories covered by the data base .... 16

............................. 21

....................... 24

3

List of Tables

Table 1. Chlorine to Sulphur ratio indicator for corrosion risk during thermal

Table 2. Alkali index as indicator of risk of slagging and fouling in 3 stages.

Table 3. Fouling index as indicator of ash fouling in 4 stages.

Table 4. Ash melting temperature in 4 stages.

Table 5. Ash content in 4 stages.

Table 6. Nitrogen content (% dry matter basis) as indicator of NOx emission.

Table 7. Biogas yield classification indication of suitability as substrates.

Table 8. Applicability of digestate as a soil amendment as indicator of suitability for

Table 9. Ash

Table 10. Total Carbohydrate (cellulos

Table 11. Ash content as indicator of

Table 12. Database set

Table 13. Quality demand per conversion technology for different conve

Table 14 Lignocellulosic biomass categories covered by the data base

List of Tables


conversion in four stages.








anaerobic digestion.

Table 9. Ash-free

biochemical conversion.


suitability indicator for biochemical conversion.


................................

Table 12. Database set

for the main lignocellulose conversion options


technologies.












anaerobic digestion.

free lignin concentration as an indicator of biomass suitability for

biochemical conversion.




................................

Table 12. Database set-up to classify biomass types according to suitability i



technologies. ................................




conversion in four stages.................................




Table 5. Ash content in 4 stages. ................................




anaerobic digestion. ................................

lignin concentration as an indicator of biomass suitability for

biochemical conversion. ................................




................................................................

up to classify biomass types according to suitability i



................................




................................



Table 4. Ash melting temperature in 4 stages. ................................

................................




................................


................................

Table 10. Total Carbohydrate (cellulose and hemi


Table 11. Ash content as indicator of biomass suitability for biochemical conversion.

................................




................................................................




................................................................



................................

................................................................




................................................................


................................................................

e and hemi-cellulose) concentration as

suitability indicator for biochemical conversion. ................................

biomass suitability for biochemical conversion.

................................................................


for the main lignocellulose conversion options ................................


................................




................................


Table 3. Fouling index as indicator of ash fouling in 4 stages.................................

...........................................................

................................




................................


................................

cellulose) concentration as

................................


................................


................................


.............................................................




............................................

Table 2. Alkali index as indicator of risk of slagging and fouling in 3 stages. ..............

................................

...........................

...............................................

Table 6. Nitrogen content (% dry matter basis) as indicator of NOx emission. ...........

Table 7. Biogas yield classification indication of suitability as substrates. ................


..................................................


............................................

cellulose) concentration as

.........................................


..................................................

up to classify biomass types according to suitability indicators

..........................................

Table 13. Quality demand per conversion technology for different conversion

.............................

Table 14 Lignocellulosic biomass categories covered by the data base ..................


............ 7

.............. 8

.................................... 8

........................... 8

............... 9

........... 9

................ 10


.................. 10


............ 12

......... 12


.................. 12

ndicators

.......... 13

............................. 13

.................. 16

4

D2.2 A selection method to matchD2.2 A selection method to matchD2.2 A selection method to matchD2.2 A selection method to match biomass types with conversion technologiesbiomass types with conversion technologiesbiomass types with conversion technologiesbiomass types with conversion technologies

5

1. Introduction

1.1. Background

In the S2Biom project the most relevant lignocellulosic biomass types for conversion into

energy or products have been identified (in WP1). The

is mainly based on species. The technologies for conversion of these different types of

biomass have been identified (WP2).

1.2. Task description

This report provides a selection method to match biomass types with the best

technologies

biomass types and conversion technologies (task 4.2)

quality characteristics of identified biomass resources from WP1 a

biomass conversion technologies identified in task 2.1

conversion technolog

task 2.1 ha

moisture content, minerals like chlorine etc.), while the quality of biomass differs largely

between the different

characteristics by

considered in WP3.

1.3. Problem description

The suitability of a biomass type for a specific conversion technology is

different parameters that cannot be directly

classification used in WP1. In other words

determine if a

extend it is

conversion system.

Therefore we need a system that can classify biomass based on

determining its suitability for conversion technologies.

help to

available biomass

also have to find an

The current

also be taken into account, because this is used in trade.

Introduction

Background





Task description


technologies (task 2.3)




conversion technolog

task 2.1 has specific biomass input requirement


between the different

characteristics by pre

considered in WP3.

Problem description




determine if a specific

extend it is suitable

conversion system.



to determine what type of conversion systems

available biomass

also have to find an

The current international classification system for solid biofuels (ISO 17225 series) should



Introduction

Background





Task description


(task 2.3). This method will be further worked out into a tool for matching




conversion technologies (both conventional biomass plants and biorefineries) as

specific biomass input requirement


between the different biomass types. It is remarked here that the possibility to alter the

pre-treatment

considered in WP3.

Problem description




specific biomass type is suitable for a

suitable and therefore what the value of that biomass

conversion system.



determine what type of conversion systems

available biomass types in Europe

also have to find an energy application.

international classification system for solid biofuels (ISO 17225 series) should








. This method will be further worked out into a tool for matching




(both conventional biomass plants and biorefineries) as

specific biomass input requirement


biomass types. It is remarked here that the possibility to alter the

treatment of the biomass (like drying,

Problem description




biomass type is suitable for a

and therefore what the value of that biomass




in Europe under competitive conditions. Less suitable biomass will

application.













specific biomass input requirements (i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content,



of the biomass (like drying,


different parameters that cannot be directly deduced from the current lignocellulosic biomass

classification used in WP1. In other words, based on this

biomass type is suitable for a





under competitive conditions. Less suitable biomass will





energy or products have been identified (in WP1). The classification of these biomass types




biomass types and conversion technologies (task 4.2). Task 2.2


biomass conversion technologies identified in task 2.1 Each


s (i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content,



of the biomass (like drying, sizing, densification, etc.) will be


deduced from the current lignocellulosic biomass

based on this current

biomass type is suitable for a specific conversion system and



determining its suitability for conversion technologies. Such a classificatio

determine what type of conversion systems are need






classification of these biomass types




Task 2.2 covers the d

quality characteristics of identified biomass resources from WP1 and required quality for

Each of the existing and future





sizing, densification, etc.) will be



current classification we cannot

conversion system and

and therefore what the value of that biomass type

Therefore we need a system that can classify biomass based on relevant

Such a classificatio

needed to effectively utilise the







This report provides a selection method to match biomass types with the best conversion


covers the definition of

nd required quality for

existing and future

(both conventional biomass plants and biorefineries) as described in





The suitability of a biomass type for a specific conversion technology is determined


classification we cannot

conversion system and

type is for a specific

relevant characteristics

Such a classification system

to effectively utilise the







conversion


efinition of

nd required quality for the

existing and future

described in





determined by


classification we cannot

conversion system and to what

a specific

characteristics for

n system should

to effectively utilise the



6

1.4. Approach

We need to classify the biomass types according to their suitability for conversion systems.

The main purpose is to match the biomass types distinguished in WP1 with the conversion

technologies

Figure 1.

chemical characteristics to the main conversion options.

We distinguish

A. Thermal conversion technologies

B. Anaerobic digestion

C. Biochemical conversion

To match biomass types with conversion technologies we must identify the fundamental

biomass characteristics which determine the v

Examples are chlorine content as indicator for corrosion risk, ash melting point, ash content,

nitrogen in the biomass. Characteristics that can be adjusted with basic pre

methods such as drying, compacti

be considered, but treated later as a cost factor. Based on expert judgement the most

relevant characteristics per conversion category are identified.

Biomass feedstock type:- Thermal quality/ fuel

quality- Anaerobic quality- Biochemical quality

Approach



technologies.

Figure 1. Simplified classification concept to match biomass types based of fundamental


We distinguish three


Anaerobic digestion

Biochemical conversion








Biomass feedstock type:Thermal quality/ fuelqualityAnaerobic qualityBiochemical quality




implified classification concept to match biomass types based of fundamental


three main conversion categories:


Anaerobic digestion









Biomass feedstock type:Thermal quality/ fuel

Biochemical quality






main conversion categories:







methods such as drying, compacting (i.e. pelletizing), or size reduction (i.e. chipping) will not



Basic pre- Drying- Compacti- Size reduction






main conversion categories:


biomass characteristics which determine the value of biomass for a conversion system.



ng (i.e. pelletizing), or size reduction (i.e. chipping) will not



Basic pre-treatment:DryingCompactionSize reduction







alue of biomass for a conversion system.






treatment:











Biomass conversion:- Thermal- Anaerobic digestion- Bio








nitrogen in the biomass. Characteristics that can be adjusted with basic pre-treatment



Biomass conversion:Thermal conversionAnaerobic digestionBiochemical conversion








treatment



Biomass conversion:conversion

Anaerobic digestionconversion

7

2. Thermal conversion technologies

Here four

-

-

-

-

These issues will be descri

2.1. Corrosion

Corrosion is mainly determined by

(S) of the biomass.

general biomass will not contain a lot of sulphur.

Table


Sulphur/Chlorineindex, molarCl%

> 6> 42 - 4< 2

*S/Cl is important especially for fluidized bed combustion.

Explanation:

The risk of corrosion is directly related to the chloride content of biomass in thermal

conversion. This can be reduced by the presence of sul

4 the risk of corrosion is

2.2. As

Ash agglomeration leads to fouling of the thermal conversion (reactor/boiler/gasifier). The

main indicator is the ash melting temperature

agglomeration indicator can provide an indication of the risk for fouling and agglomeration.

These indicators give a measure of the alkali metal (K, Na) content of the ash or the alkali to

other ash compounds ratio.

Here we use 2 of most used indicators t


four main issues determine the quality

corrosion

ash melting (which leads to fouling and sintering)

total ash content

NOx emission

These issues will be descri

Corrosion


of the biomass.


Table 1. Chlorine to Sulphur ratio


Sulphur/Chlorineindex, molar,

S/Cl is important especially for fluidized bed combustion.

Explanation:



risk of corrosion is

Ash agglomeration









main issues determine the quality

orrosion;

sh melting (which leads to fouling and sintering)

otal ash content;

NOx emission.

These issues will be described in the next sections.

Corrosion


of the biomass. Sulphur in the biomass can counteract the corrosive effect of Cl. In


. Chlorine to Sulphur ratio


Corrosion risk

Very lowLowHighVery high




risk of corrosion is very high.

agglomeration









main issues determine the quality


ed in the next sections.

Corrosion is mainly determined by chlorine

Sulphur in the biomass can counteract the corrosive effect of Cl. In


. Chlorine to Sulphur ratio

Corrosion risk

Very low

Very high




very high.

agglomeration





Here we use 2 of most used indicators that give an



main issues determine the quality:


ed in the next sections.

orine (Cl) content



. Chlorine to Sulphur ratio indicator for corrosion risk during thermal

Suitability

Most desirableDesirableUndesirableVery undesirable





main indicator is the ash melting temperature. When



hat give an indication for risk of slagging:


sh melting (which leads to fouling and sintering);

content and the ration of chlorine to sulphur


indicator for corrosion risk during thermal

Suitability

Most desirableDesirableUndesirableVery undesirable



conversion. This can be reduced by the presence of sulphur (S). If the Cl


. When this is



indication for risk of slagging:


and the ration of chlorine to sulphur



Classification

123

Very undesirable 4


phur (S). If the Cl/S ratio is lower than


this is not available an ash








Classification


/S ratio is lower than


not available an ash








Classification


/S ratio is lower than


not available an ash



8

2.2.1. Alkali Index

An often used indicator for slagging and fouling risk is the Alkali Index proposed by Miles at

al. (1996).

Alkali Index

Table 2

Alkali index

<0.170.17 – 0.34>0.34

2.2.2. Fouling index

Another indicator for fouling risk is the Fouling index developed by Teixeira et al. (2012).

index is

Fouling Index: ((Fe

Table 3

Fouling index

<0.60.6 – 1.61.6 – 40>40

2.2.3. Ash melting temperature: (initial deformation temperature, IDT)

Table 4

Initial deformationtemperature, DT

< 800800 – 1,0001,000 – 1,200> 1,200

2.3. Ash content:

Ash is undesirable in thermal conversion because

production,

discard ash (in The Netherlands

Alkali Index


al. (1996).

Alkali Index: (Na2O + K

2. Alkali index as indicator of risk of slagging and fouling in 3 stages

Alkali index

0.34

Fouling index


index is based on the Base to Acid ratio of the ash using the formula:

Fouling Index: ((Fe

3. Fouling index as indicator of ash fouling in 4 stages

Fouling index

1.6


4. Ash melting temperature in 4 stages

Initial deformationtemperature, DT oC

1,0001,200

Ash content:


production, ii) it may increase wear of the machinery and



Alkali Index


O + K2O)/Gross calorific value (HHV)

Alkali index as indicator of risk of slagging and fouling in 3 stages

Risks

slagging/fouling unlikelyprobably foulingfouling certain

Fouling index


based on the Base to Acid ratio of the ash using the formula:

Fouling Index: ((Fe2O3+CaO+MgO+K

. Fouling index as indicator of ash fouling in 4 stages

Fouling risks

LowMediumHighExtremely high


. Ash melting temperature in 4 stages

Initial deformationC

Risk of ash melting

Very highHighLowVery low

Ash content:


it may increase wear of the machinery and




O)/Gross calorific value (HHV)


slagging/fouling unlikelyprobably foulingfouling certain



+CaO+MgO+K2O+Na


Fouling risks

Medium

Extremely high


. Ash melting temperature in 4 stages

Risk of ash melting

Very high

Very low



discard ash (in The Netherlands € 100,-





Suitability

slagging/fouling unlikely DesirableUndesirableVery undesirable



O+Na2O) / (Al


Suitability

DesirableLess desirableUndesirableVery


. Ash melting temperature in 4 stages.

Risk of ash melting Suitability

Very undesirableUndesirableDesirableMost desirable



- per tonne is a good cost indication)





Suitability

DesirableUndesirableVery undesirable



O) / (Al2O3+SiO2+TiO

. Fouling index as indicator of ash fouling in 4 stages.

Suitability

DesirableLess desirableUndesirableVery undesirable


Suitability

Very undesirableUndesirableDesirableMost desirable

Ash is undesirable in thermal conversion because i) it does not contribute to energy

it may increase wear of the machinery and iii) it will generally cost money to

per tonne is a good cost indication)




Very undesirable



+TiO2)) * (K2O+Na

Less desirable

undesirable


Classification

Very undesirable 4321

it does not contribute to energy

it will generally cost money to

per tonne is a good cost indication)



Alkali index as indicator of risk of slagging and fouling in 3 stages.

Classification

134


O+Na2O)

Classification

1234


Classification



per tonne is a good cost indication) iiii stoves are



Classification

Another indicator for fouling risk is the Fouling index developed by Teixeira et al. (2012). This

Classification

Classification



iiii stoves are

9

generally designed to a limited ash amount

stages:

Table 5

Ash content (550w-% on dry basis

< 11 – 33 – 10> 10

2.4. NOx emission

NOx emissions from biomass thermal conversion is undesirable as it leads to air pollution

and eutrophication. The nitrogen content of the biomass and the conversion methods will

determine the NOx emissions. The NOx emission standards diffe

EU.

Nitrogen

technology itself. However, emission reduction measures make the conversion technology

more expensive, and less economical to apply on a small scale (= below 1 MWth). Therefore

the nitrogen content is

content can be high for waste wood (used wood), grasses and many other biomass types.

The allowed ranges depend on (local) emission legislation e.g.

and national legislation e.g. for small

Netherlands).

below 0.3% for clean wood to more than 2.5% for green leaves of grasses

crops.

Table 6

Nitrogendry basis

< 0.3 %

0.3 – 1

1 – 2.5

>2.5

*SNCR: Selective non**SNR; Selective Catalytic Reduction.


5. Ash content in 4 stages

Ash content (550o

% on dry basis

NOx emission




itrogen content should not be so relevant for operation of the thermal conversion



nitrogen content is




Netherlands). Typical Nitrogen contents in biomass for thermal conversion will range from


6. Nitrogen content

itrogen % ondry basis

*SNCR: Selective non**SNR; Selective Catalytic Reduction.



. Ash content in 4 stages

oC), Qualification

Very lowLow lessHighVery high

NOx emission




content should not be so relevant for operation of the thermal conversion



nitrogen content is indeed




Typical Nitrogen contents in biomass for thermal conversion will range from


. Nitrogen content (% dry matter basis

Qualification

Very low

Low

High

Very high

*SNCR: Selective non-catalytic reduction.**SNR; Selective Catalytic Reduction.



. Ash content in 4 stages.

Qualification

Very lowLow less

Very high







indeed relevant (especially for smaller conversion systems). Nitrogen






(% dry matter basis

Qualification Suitability

Ideal

Desirable

Undesirable

Very undesirable

catalytic reduction.**SNR; Selective Catalytic Reduction. Reduce


generally designed to a limited ash amount. We have chosen the following ash content

Suitability

IdealDesirableUndesirableVery undesirable







relevant (especially for smaller conversion systems). Nitrogen



and national legislation e.g. for small-scale combustion (example Austria and the



(% dry matter basis) as indicator of NOx emission

Suitability

Desirable

Undesirable

Very undesirable

catalytic reduction. Reduceseduces NOx emissions by 60%


We have chosen the following ash content

Suitability











scale combustion (example Austria and the



as indicator of NOx emission

Classification

no emission reductionmeasures neededprocess design measureslike stageneededSCR**, SNCR* probablyneededSCR, SNCR definitelyneeded

NOx emissions by 40%NOx emissions by 60%



Classification

123

Very undesirable 4



determine the NOx emissions. The NOx emission standards differ between countries in the






The allowed ranges depend on (local) emission legislation e.g. industrial emissi




as indicator of NOx emission

Classification

ssion reductionmeasures neededprocess design measureslike stage combustion

SCR**, SNCR* probably

SCR, SNCR definitely

NOx emissions by 40%NOx emissions by 60%-90%.



Classification



r between countries in the






ndustrial emission directive



below 0.3% for clean wood to more than 2.5% for green leaves of grasses of green field

as indicator of NOx emission.

Classification

ssion reduction

process design measurescombustion

SCR**, SNCR* probably

SCR, SNCR definitely

NOx emissions by 40%-75%.90%.



Classification



r between countries in the






on directive



of green field

Classification

1

2

3

4

10

3. Anaerobic

In aerobic digestion a large part of the cost is determined by the size of the reactor. It is

important that the yield per

per ton (

digestate will also be relevant.

Table 7

Biogas ytonne (as is basis)*

< 50 m3

50 – 150 m150 – 300 m>300 m3

* Biogas yield is expressed as in m

has a methane content of 55%.

For many substrates the biogas yield is known. The expected biogas yield can be estimated

based on the biomass composition

residues, called

(fertilizer). If application as a soil amendment/fertilizer is not allowed the cost of disposal is

generally very high. Local legislation will determine if a certain

as soil amendment

and on the type of substrate(s) used. For example in The Netherlands any digestate that is

made from a waste product will also be classified a

as a fertilizer. For applicability of the substrate as a soil amendment we have

two simple stages.

Table 8

digestion.

Applicationpossible

YesNo

Other aspects may also be relevant

but they should be covered by the general criterion “biogas yield”. For instance, high lignin

content is not good for biogas yield. However, all (high lignin) woody biomass can be already

excluded fr

Anaerobic


important that the yield per

per ton (or m3) of substrate is very relevant. Of course the cost of the


7. Biogas yield classification indication of suitability as substrates

Biogas yield pertonne (as is basis)*

150 m3

300 m3

3

Biogas yield is expressed as in m




es, called digestate. Generally this digestate will be used as a soil amendment



as soil amendment




two simple stages.

8. Applicability of digestate

digestion.

Application of digestatepossible




excluded from anaerobic digestion


digestion


important that the yield per reactor

) of substrate is very relevant. Of course the cost of the


. Biogas yield classification indication of suitability as substrates

tonne (as is basis)*Qualific

Very lowLowHighVery high

Biogas yield is expressed as in m




digestate. Generally this digestate will be used as a soil amendment



as soil amendment. The option to apply digestate as a fertilizer depends on local legislation




two simple stages.

. Applicability of digestate

of digestate




anaerobic digestion


digestion


reactor m3 per year is high enough. Therefore the methane yield




Qualification

Very low

Very high

Biogas yield is expressed as in m3 biogas per m



based on the biomass composition (BLfL, 2015).




. The option to apply digestate as a fertilizer depends on local legislation




. Applicability of digestate as a soil amendment as indicator of suitability for anaerobic

Suitability

DesirableUndesirable

Other aspects may also be relevant for the suitability of biomass for an anaerobic digester



anaerobic digestion technology.



per year is high enough. Therefore the methane yield



Suitability

Not desirableLess desirableDesirableVery desirable

biogas per m3


(BLfL, 2015). A digester will produce large amounts of






made from a waste product will also be classified as a waste and


as a soil amendment as indicator of suitability for anaerobic

Suitability

Undesirable

for the suitability of biomass for an anaerobic digester



technology.






Suitability

desirableLess desirableDesirableVery desirable

3 of fresh substrate. Assuming the biogas


A digester will produce large amounts of






s a waste and










. Biogas yield classification indication of suitability as substrates.

of fresh substrate. Assuming the biogas





generally very high. Local legislation will determine if a certain type of digestate can be used



s a waste and therefore



Classification







) of substrate is very relevant. Of course the cost of the disposal of the

Classification

4321






gestate can be used



therefore cannot be applied

as a fertilizer. For applicability of the substrate as a soil amendment we have chosen only


Classification

14







disposal of the

Classification






gestate can be used



cannot be applied

chosen only


Classification




11

4. Biochemical

Biochemical conversion is defined here as the pre

sugars, followed by fermentation into fuels or chemicals. We use cellulosic ethanol

production as a

Fundamental biomass characteristics that influence the potential success of biochemical

conversion of lignocellulose biomass into fuels and chemicals (apart from productivity per ha

and production cost), are:

- Lignin content

Secondly, it acts as a shield that prohibits the bio

hemicellulose. The higher the lignin content, the more difficult it is to use

lignocellulose as feedstock in biochemical convers

- High

components of interest in biochemical conversion of (lignocellulosic) biomass are

cellulose and hemicellulose,

processes are based on sugars. The higher the cellulose and hemicellulose content,

the more suitable the biomass type is for biochemical conversion

- Low ash content

cannot be converted

conversion

- Low antiquality compounds

limited concentration of polyphenols, and toxic (Examples?) components that might

hinder fermentation processes.

- Protein:

higher con

Other important factors are seasonality

biomass

particle size etc.).

For our suitability approach

- Lignin content- Cellulose+ hemicellulose content- Ash content

Protein is not being considered here. Still, protein content can be relevant as is has no real

function for biochemical conversion but may have a va

content should be less desirable.

Biochemical



production as a reference here.




Lignin content




High carbohydrate





Low ash content

cannot be converted

conversion.

Low antiquality compounds



Protein: for biorefinery purposes, protein could be extracted and valorised

higher content could be desirable


biomass, differences in composition throughout the season, and morphological factors (

particle size etc.).

For our suitability approach

Lignin contentCellulose+ hemicellulose contentAsh content








reference here.




Lignin content: lignin can hard




carbohydrate content





Low ash content: as with other

cannot be converted with

.

Low antiquality compounds



for biorefinery purposes, protein could be extracted and valorised

tent could be desirable


, differences in composition throughout the season, and morphological factors (

For our suitability approach we

Lignin content;Cellulose+ hemicellulose contentAsh content.





conversion



reference here.



: lignin can hardly be degraded by enzymes and micro




content (specifically


cellulose and hemicellulose, which are



: as with other two

within biochemical processes and generally adds to the costs of

Low antiquality compounds: For certain processes, the biomass should have a




tent could be desirable.



e only use the

Cellulose+ hemicellulose content;





Biochemical conversion is defined here as the pre-




ly be degraded by enzymes and micro




specifically cellulose and hemicellulose


which are carbohydrate polymers, as most



two conversion methods, ash or inorganic material

n biochemical processes and generally adds to the costs of

: For certain processes, the biomass should have a



.

Other important factors are seasonality which influences the availability timeframe of


use the three most basic indicators:

;




-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass into





Secondly, it acts as a shield that prohibits the bio-conversion of cellulose and


lignocellulose as feedstock in biochemical conversion processes

cellulose and hemicellulose


carbohydrate polymers, as most



conversion methods, ash or inorganic material





which influences the availability timeframe of


most basic indicators:


function for biochemical conversion but may have a value by itself. In general a high protein


treatment of lignocellulosic biomass into





conversion of cellulose and


ion processes

cellulose and hemicellulose


carbohydrate polymers, as most


the more suitable the biomass type is for biochemical conversion.








most basic indicators:


lue by itself. In general a high protein






ly be degraded by enzymes and micro-organisms.

conversion of cellulose and


cellulose and hemicellulose)”: the main


carbohydrate polymers, as most conversion






for biorefinery purposes, protein could be extracted and valorised so a










organisms.

”: the main


conversion






so a


, differences in composition throughout the season, and morphological factors ( like



12

4.1. Lignin

Table 9

conversion.

Ash-free lignin concentration % onweight basis

< 10 %10 – 20 %20 – 30 %> 30 %

4.2. Cellulose

Table 10

indicator for bio

Total carbohydratehemicellulose %

> 65 %50 – 60 %30 – 50 %< 30 %

4.3. Ash content (same as

In a similar way as for thermal conversion, ash is undesirable for

Some ash components may also interfere with chemical pre

of chemicals

Table 11

Ash conbasis

< 11 – 33 – 10> 10

Lignin content

9. Ash-free lignin concentration

conversion.

free lignin concentration % onweight basis

%%


10. Total Carbohydrate

indicator for biochemical

carbohydratehemicellulose % - on dry weight basis

%%

Ash content (same as



of chemicals used for pre

11. Ash content as indicator of biomass suitability for bio

Ash content (550oC), % on dry weight


content

free lignin concentration

free lignin concentration % on

+ hemicellulose content

Carbohydrate

chemical conversion.

carbohydrate - cellulose andon dry weight basis

Ash content (same as



sed for pre-treatment.

. Ash content as indicator of biomass suitability for bio

C), % on dry weight


free lignin concentration as

free lignin concentration % on dry


Carbohydrate (cellulose and hemi

conversion.

cellulose andon dry weight basis

Ash content (same as for thermal conversion



treatment.


C), % on dry weight


as an indicator of biomass suitability for bio

dry Suitability

DesirableStandardLess desirableUndesirable


cellulose and hemi

Suitability

highly desirableDesirableLess desirableUndesirable

for thermal conversion




Suitability



indicator of biomass suitability for bio

Suitability

Desirable

Less desirableUndesirable

cellulose and hemi-cellulose

highly desirable

Less desirableUndesirable

for thermal conversion


Some ash components may also interfere with chemical pre-treatment processes or recovery

. Ash content as indicator of biomass suitability for biochemical

UndesirableVery undesirable


indicator of biomass suitability for bio

Classification

1234

cellulose) concentration

Classification

1234

for thermal conversion):

In a similar way as for thermal conversion, ash is undesirable for biochemical

treatment processes or recovery


Classification

1234


indicator of biomass suitability for biochemical

Classification

concentration as suitability

Classification



conversion.

Classification


chemical

as suitability

conversion.


13

5. Database set

In the previous

value of biomass

the different lignocellulosic biomass types that have been defined in the

Annex 1 for the list of biomass types. Keep in mind that some of the biomass

in Annex 1 will

the class in sub

indicators to the different biomass types.

Table 12

main lignocellulose conversion

Conversion tec

1 Corrosion2 Ash agglomeration/fouling34

5 Ash6 NOx emission

7 Biogas yield8 Applicability of digestate

9 Lignin10 Carbohydrate11 Ash

For each of the

the quality requirements as defined above. In Table 14 the database

the quality requirements per conversion technology type.

Table 13

Conversion technology quality factor

1 Corrosion2 Ash agglomeration/fouling34

5 Ash6 NOx emission

7 Biogas yield8 Applicability of digestate

Database set

previous chapters the main quality indicators have been identified that determine the

value of biomass for different technologies. We now need to determine the quality scores for


1 for the list of biomass types. Keep in mind that some of the biomass

in Annex 1 will a large range of biomass quality characteristics making it necessary to

the class in sub-classes.


12. Database set


Conversion tec

Thermal conversionCorrosionAsh agglomeration/fouling

AshNOx emission

Anaerobic digestionBiogas yieldApplicability of digestate

Biochemical conversionLigninCarbohydrate -Ash

For each of the technologies that have been defined in the S2Biom project we need to define



13. Quality demand per conversion technology for different conversion technologies.


Thermal conversionCorrosionAsh agglomeration/fouling

AshNOx emission

Anaerobic digestionBiogas yieldApplicability of digestate



Database set-up

chapters the main quality indicators have been identified that determine the

for different technologies. We now need to determine the quality scores for



a large range of biomass quality characteristics making it necessary to

classes. In Table 13 an outline of the dat


. Database set-up to classify biomass types according to suitability indicators for the



Thermal conversion

Ash agglomeration/fouling

Anaerobic digestion

Applicability of digestate to soil


cellulose + hemicellulose

technologies that have been defined in the S2Biom project we need to define



. Quality demand per conversion technology for different conversion technologies.


Thermal conversion

Ash agglomeration/fouling

Anaerobic digestion

Applicability of digestate to soil








In Table 13 an outline of the dat


up to classify biomass types according to suitability indicators for the

main lignocellulose conversion options

hnology quality factor

Thermal conversion

Anaerobic digestion

to soil


+ hemicellulose






Thermal conversion

Anaerobic digestion

to soil








In Table 13 an outline of the dat



hnology quality factor Indicator

% S/ClAlkali indexFouling indexAsh meltingtemperature% ash% nitrogen

m3 biogasYes or no

% lignin+ hemicellulose % carbohydrate

% ash





Conversion technology quality factor Indicator

% chlorineAlkali indexFouling indexAsh meltingtemperature% ash% nitrogen

m3 biogasYes or no







In Table 13 an outline of the data base is given to attach the quality


Indicator

S/ClAlkali indexFouling indexAsh meltingtemperature

sh% nitrogen

biogasYes or no

% lignin% carbohydrate% ash





Indicator Technology 1

hlorine 1,2,3,4Alkali index*Fouling index*Ash meltingtemperature

1,2,3,4,% nitrogen **

biogas 4,5Yes or no 1, 2




the different lignocellulosic biomass types that have been defined in the S2Biom



a base is given to attach the quality


Biomass 1


the quality requirements as defined above. In Table 14 the database outline is given defining


Technology 1

1,2,3,4

1,2,3,4,

4,51, 2




S2Biom proje

1 for the list of biomass types. Keep in mind that some of the biomass classifications




Biomass 1 Biomass 2


outline is given defining


Technology 1 Technology 2

1,2

1, 2, 3

1,2,3,41




project. See

classifications

a large range of biomass quality characteristics making it necessary to divided



Biomass 2


outline is given defining


Technology 2

14

9 Lignin10 Carbohydrate

hemicellulose11 Ash

*Alkali Index, Fouling index and % Nitrogen have not yet been included in the S2Biom

technology database (March 2015).

** % Nitrogen

LigninCarbohydratehemicelluloseAsh



itrogen is important for local NOx


Carbohydrate - cellulose



is important for local NOx


ellulose +



is important for local NOx emission limits.


% lignin+ % carbohydrate

% ash


emission limits.


% carbohydrate


emission limits.


1,2,3,4,



1, 2, 3




15

References

Miles et al, Alkali Deposits found in Biomass power plants, a pr

of their extent and nature, NREL/TP

Teixeira P, Lopes H, Gulyurtlu I, Lapa N, Abelha P (2012) Evaluation of 529 slagging and

fouling tendency during biomass co

Bioenergy 39: 192

References





Bioenergy 39: 192-






-203.



of their extent and nature, NREL/TP-433


fouling tendency during biomass co-firing with coal in a fluidized 530 bed



433-8142, US DOE, February 1996


firing with coal in a fluidized 530 bed



8142, US DOE, February 1996




Miles et al, Alkali Deposits found in Biomass power plants, a preliminary investigation





eliminary investigation



firing with coal in a fluidized 530 bed. Biomass


eliminary investigation


. Biomass

16

Appendix

data base

Table 14

Origin

1. Forestry

Appendix 1.

data base

14 Lignocellulosic biomass categories covered by the data base

Category – Level 1

1.1 Primaryproduction

1.2 Primary residues


Lignocellulosic biomass cate


Level 1 CategoryLevel 2

1.1.1 Stemwoodfrom thinningsand final fellings

1.1.2 Stem andcrown biomassfrom earlythinnings

1.2 Primary residues 1.2.1 Loggingresidues fromthinnings andfinal fellings

1.2.2 Stumpsfrom thinningsand final fellings




Category – Category


1.1.1.1 Stemwoodfrom final fellingsoriginating frombroadleaf

1.1.1.2 Stemwoodfrom finaloriginating fromconifer trees

1.1.1.3 Stemwoodfrom thinningsoriginating frombroadleaf trees

1.1.1.3 Stemwoodfrom thinningsoriginating fromconifer trees

1.1.2 Stem andcrown biomassfrom early

1.1.2.1 Stem andcrown biomass fromearly thinningsoriginating frombroadleaf

1.1.2.2 Stem andcrown biomass fromearly thinningsoriginating fromconifer trees

1.2.1 Loggingresidues fromthinnings andfinal fellings

1-2-1 Loggingresidues fromfellings originatingfrom broadleaftrees

1-2-1 Loggingresidues fromfellings originatingfrom conifer

1-2-1 Loggingresidues fromthinningsoriginating frombroadleaf

1.2.1 Loggingresidues fromthinningsoriginating fromconifer trees

1.2.2 Stumpsthinnings

and final fellings

1.2.2.1 Stumps fromthinnings and finalfellings originatingfrom broadleaftrees

1.2.2.2 Stumps fromthinnings and finalfellings originatingfrom conifer




Category – Level 3 Consideration

by S2BIOM

1.1.1.1 Stemwoodfinal fellings

originating frombroadleaf trees

YES


originating fromtrees

YES

1.1.1.3 Stemwoodthinnings


YES



YES

1.1.2.1 Stem andcrown biomass fromearly thinningsoriginating frombroadleaf trees

YES

1.1.2.2 Stem andcrown biomass fromearly thinningsoriginating from

trees

YES

1 Loggingresidues from final

originatingbroadleaf

YES


originatingconifer trees

YES

1 Loggingresidues fromthinningsoriginating frombroadleaf trees

YES

1.2.1 Loggingresidues fromthinningsoriginating from

trees

YES

1.2.2.1 Stumps fromthinnings and finalfellings originating

broadleaf

YES


conifer trees

YES


Lignocellulosic biomass categories covered by the


Consideration

by S2BIOM

IDs of the Solid Biofuels Classi

of ISO/FDIS / DIN EN ISO 16559 (see

1.1.3 Stemwood

This category also includes harvests from full tree harvestingreduced to the stemwood fraction.

1.1.3 Stemwood


Includes possiblywood is debarked at the forest road side

1.1.3 Stemwood


1.1.3 Stemwood

This category also includes as well harvests from full treeharvesting reduced to the stemwood fraction


1.1.1 Whole treeswithout roots

Without leaves if harvested in winter time

Includes possiblywood is debarked at the forest road side.


1.1.4 Loggingresidues

Without leaves if harvested in winter time.





1.1.5 Stumps/roots

1.1.5 Stumps/roots


gories covered by the




1.1.3 Stemwood


1.1.3 Stemwood


Includes possibly 1.1.6 Bark (frowood is debarked at the forest road side

1.1.3 Stemwood


1.1.3 Stemwood


Includes possibly 1.1.6 Bark (from forestry operations) wherewood is debarked at the forest road side



Includes possibly 1.1.6 Bark (from forestry operations) wherewood is debarked at the forest road side.








1.1.5 Stumps/roots

1.1.5 Stumps/roots



IDs of the Solid Biofuels Classification System

of ISO/FDIS / DIN EN ISO 16559 (see Appendix)

1.1.3.1 Broad-leaf with bark

1.1.3.3 Broad-leaf without bark


1.1.3.1 Coniferous with bark

1.1.3.3 Coniferous without bark


1.1.6 Bark (from forestry operations) wherewood is debarked at the forest road side







1.1.6 Bark (from forestry operations) wherewood is debarked at the forest road side.







1.1.4.1 Fresh/Green, Broad(including leaves)

1.1.4.3 Stored, Broad


1.1.4.2 Fresh/Green,Coniferous (including needles)

1.1.4.4 Stored, Coniferous






1.1.5.1 Broad-leaf

1.1.5.2 Coniferous



fication System

Appendix)

leaf with bark

leaf without bark

This category also includes harvests from full tree harvesting




m forestry operations) where

leaf with bark

leaf without bark




This category also includes as well harvests from full tree

1.1.6 Bark (from forestry operations) where

leaf with bark

leaf without bark




1.1.4.1 Fresh/Green, Broad-leaf

1.1.4.3 Stored, Broad-leaf







17

Origin

2. Agricultureon arable land& grass land

N. B.

This includes

marginal lands,abandonedlands, landscurrentlyreleased fromagriculture: i.e.land formerlyused foragriculture butcurrently notused and readyto be utilisedagain


1.3 Harvests fromtraditional coppiceforests that does notfocus on stemwoodproduction


marginal lands,

released fromagriculture: i.e.

agriculture but

used and ready

2.1 Primaryproduction oflignocellulosicbiomass



1.3 Harvests fromtraditional coppice

that does notstemwood

lignocellulosic

2.1.1. Energygrasses, annual& perennial crops(non wood)

2.2.2 Shortrotation coppiceon agriculturalland




2.1.1.1 Sweet andbiomass sorghum(Annual grasses)

2.1.1.2 Miscanthus(Perennial grass)

2.1.1.3 Switch(Perennial grass

2.1.1.4 Giant reed(Perennial grass)

2.1.1.5 Cardoon(Perennial crop)

2.1.1.6 Reed CanaryGrass (Perennialcrop)

2.1.1.7 Other

2.2.2 Shortrotation coppice

agricultural

2.2.2.1 Willow

2.2.2.2 Poplar

2.2.2.3 Other (incl.

Eucalyptus)



by S2BIOM

Not separatelyconsidered,quantitiesincluded insection 1.2 and1.3. Thismanagementform plays anegligible rolein current forestmanagement inall countriesunderconsideration.


YES


YES

2.1.1.3 SwitchgrassPerennial grass)

YES


YES


YES

2.1.1.6 Reed CanaryGrass (Perennial

YES

2.1.1.7 Other Not consideredsince the roleof furtherspecies isregardednegligible in ashort term.

2.2.2.1 Willow YES

2.2.2.2 Poplar YES


Eucalyptus)

YES


Consideration

by S2BIOM



Not separatelyconsidered,quantities areincluded insection 1.2 and

. Thismanagementform plays anegligible rolein current forestmanagement inall countriesunderconsideration.

Not considered by

2.1.2 Grasses

2.1.2 Grasses

2.1.2 Grasses

2.1.2 Grasses

2.1.3 Oil seedcrops

2.1.2 Grasses

Not consideredsince the roleof furtherspecies isregardednegligible in ashort term.


1.1.2 Whole treeswith roots

1.1.5Stumps/roots



1.1.5Stumps/roots



1.1.5Stumps/roots




Not considered by ISO/FDIS / DIN EN ISO 16559

2.1.2 Grasses 2.1.2.1 Whole plant withoutroots




2.1.3 Oil seedcrops

2.1.3.2 Stalks and leaves

2.1.3.3 Seeds



1.1.1.3 Short rotationcoppice



1.1.5Stumps/roots






1.1.5Stumps/roots






1.1.5Stumps/roots





ISO/FDIS / DIN EN ISO 16559

2.1.2.1 Whole plant withoutroots





2.1.3.3 Seeds












fication System

Appendix)


2.1.2.1 Whole plant without






18

Origin


N. B.

This includesmarginal lands,abandonedlands, landscurrentlyreleased fromagriculture: i.e.land formerlyused foragriculture butcurrently notused and readyto be utilisedagain.

3. Other landuse


2. Agricultureland

& grass lands

marginal lands,


agriculture but

used and ready

2.2 Primary residuesfrom - production forfood, feed andother utilisations

2.3 Grass land

land 3.1 Biomass fromtrees/hedges andother biomass fromareas outsideforests and outsideof agriculture



2.2 Primary residuesproduction for

food, feed andother utilisations

2.2.1 Straw/

stubbles

2.2.2 Primary

residues -

pruning, &

orchards residues

rass land 2.3.1 Gras usedfor feed

2.3.2 Currentlyunused grassland (Grasnot used forfeed)

3.1 Biomass fromand

other biomass fromoutsideand outside

3.1.1 Biomassfrom road sideverges

3.1.2 Biomassfrom other areasunder landscapemaintenance



2.2.1 Straw/ 2.2.1.1 Cereals andrice straw

2.2.1.2 Sunflowerstraw

2.2.1.3 Oil seedrape straw

2.2.1.4 Maize stover

2.2.2 Primary

woody

pruning, &

orchards residues

2.2.2.1 Residuesfrom vineyards

2.2.2.2 Residuesfrom fruit treeplantations

2.2.2.3 Residuesfrom olive treeplantations

2.2.2.4 Residuesfrom citrus treeplantations

2.2.2.5 Residuesfrom nutsplantations

2.2.2.6 Grassbiomass fromvarious types ofplantations

Gras used

Currentlyunused grassland (Gras landnot used for

2.3.1 Grass fromcurrently unusedgrass land

3.1.1 Biomassfrom road side

3.1.2 Biomassother areas

under landscapemaintenance



by S2BIOM

2.2.1.1 Cereals ande straw

YES

2.2.1.2 Sunflower YES


YES

2.2.1.4 Maize stover YES


YES


YES


YES


YES


YES


Only

considered

since as far as

not reserved for

feed and if

will be possible

to identify data

that allows for

reliable

estimates.

Not consideredsince reservedfor feed.


Onlyconsideredsince as far asnot reserved forfeed and if itwill be possibleto identify datathat allowreliableestimates.

YES

YES


Consideration

by S2BIOM



2.1.1 Cereal crops

2.1.3 Oil seed crops


2.1.1 Cereal crops

2.1.7 Segregated herbaceous biomass from gardens,parks, roadside maintenance, vineyards and fruitorchards


2.1.7 Segregated herbaceous biomass fromparks, roadside maintenance, vineyards and fruitorchards



Only

considered

since as far as

not reserved for

feed and if it

will be possible

to identify data

that allows for

reliable

estimates.

2.1.2 Grasses



2.1.2 Grasses






2.1.1 Cereal crops 2.1.1.2 Straw parts

2.1.3 Oil seed crops 2.1.3.2 Stalks and leaves








2.1.2 Grasses

2.1.2 Grasses






2.1.1.2 Straw parts



2.1.1.2 Straw parts

2.1.7 Segregated herbaceous biomass from gardens,parks, roadside maintenance, vineyards and fruit





2.1.2.6 Blends and mixtures





fication System

Appendix)



gardens,parks, roadside maintenance, vineyards and fruit







19

Origin

4. Productionbased onlignocellulosicbiomass


. Production

lignocellulosic

4.1 Secondaryresidues from woodindustries

4.2 Secondaryresidues of industryutilising agriculturalproducts

4.3 Secondaryresidues ofindustries utilisingbiomass



.1 Secondaryresidues from wood

4.1.1 Secondaryresidues fromwood-productsindustries byproducts (Sawmills andequivalent)

4.1.2 Residuesfrom industriesusing semifinished wood &manufacturedwood

4.1.3 Secondaryresidues frompulp and paperindustries byproducts

Secondaryresidues of industryutilising agricultural

4.2.1 By-productsand residuesfrom foodfruit processingindustry

4.2.2 Cottonindustry byproducts

4.3 Secondary

industries utilising



Secondaryresidues from

productsindustries by

(Saw

equivalent)

4.1.1.1 Saw dust,chips, veneer coresetc. (residues ofstemwood)

4.1.1.1 Other sawmill by products(bark etc,)

Residuesindustriessemi-

finished wood &manufactured

4.1.2.1 Residuesfrom semiwood & frommanufactured woodproducts

Secondaryresidues frompulp and paperindustries by

4.1.3.1 Black liquor

productsand residuesfrom food andfruit processing

4.2.1.1 Olive stones

4.2.1.2 Other byproducts andresidues from foodand fruit processingindustry

4.2.2 Cottonindustry by-

4.2.2. Cotton acorns



by S2BIOM

.1 Saw dust,chips, veneer coresetc. (residues ofstemwood)

YES

Other sawmill by products(bark etc,)

YES

.1 Residuesfrom semi-finishedwood & frommanufactured wood

YES

.1 Black liquor Not consideredby S2BIOMsince this is notsolid

.2.1.1 Olive stones YES

.2.1.2 Other by-products andresidues from foodand fruit processing

Onlyconsideredsince as far asit will bepossible toidentify datathat allowreliableestimates.

Cotton acorns

Not consideredsince not yet ofpracticalrelevance.


Consideration

by S2BIOM



1.2.1 Chemically untreatedwood byresidues



1.2.2 Chemically treatwood byresidues, fibres and woodconstituents

1.2.3 Blends and mixtures

Not consideredby S2BIOMsince this is notsolid biomass.

3.2.1 Chemicallyuntreated fruit residues

Onlyconsideredsince as far as

will bepossible toidentify datathat allowreliableestimates.


3.2.2 Chemically treatedfruit residues


YES 3.2.1 Chemicallyuntreated fruit residues





1.2.1 Chemically untreatedwood by-products andresidues



1.2.2 Chemically treatedwood by-products,residues, fibres and woodconstituents










1.2.1 Chemically untreated 1.2.1.1 Broad-leaf withbark

1.2.1.2 Coniferous withbark

1.2.1.3 Broad-leaf withoutbark

1.2.1.4 Coniferous withoutbark

1.2.1 Chemically untreated 1.2.1.5 Bark (from industryoperations)





1.2.1.5 Bark (from industryoperations)

ed

residues, fibres and wood

1.2.2.1 Without bark

1.2.2.2 With bark


1.2.2.4 Fibres and woodconstituents


3.2.1.2 Stone/kernelfruits/fruit fibre

3.2.1.1 Berries

3.2.1.2 Stone/kernelfruits/fruit fibre3.2.1.3 Nuts and acorns3.2.1.4 Crude olive cake3.2.1.5 Blends andmixtures

3.2.2 Chemically treated 3.2.2.1 Berries

3.2.2.2 Stone/kernel fruits3.2.2.3 Nuts and acorns3.2.2.4 Exhausted olivecake3.2.2.5 Blends andmixtures


3.2.1.3 Nuts and acorns


fication System

Appendix)

leaf with

1.2.1.2 Coniferous with

leaf without

1.2.1.4 Coniferous without

1.2.1.5 Bark (from industry

leaf with


leaf without




1.2.2.2 With bark


1.2.2.4 Fibres and wood

3.2.1.2 Stone/kernel


3.2.1.3 Nuts and acorns3.2.1.4 Crude olive cake3.2.1.5 Blends and

3.2.2.2 Stone/kernel fruits3.2.2.3 Nuts and acorns3.2.2.4 Exhausted olive

3.2.2.5 Blends and


20

Origin

5. Postconsumerbiomass(tertiaryresidues)

6. Aquaticbiomass


5.1 Biodegradablemunicipal waste(BMW)

5.2 Post consumerwood

6.1 Aquatic biomassfrom inland water

6.2 Aquatic biomassfrom costal zones



Biodegradablemunicipal waste

5.1.1Biodegradablebiomass fractionfrom municipalsolid waste

5.1.2Biodegradablebiomass fractionfrom municipalliquid waste

Post consumer 5.2.1Construction anddemolition wood





Biodegradablebiomass fractionfrom municipal

waste

5.1.1.1 Biowaste(Separatelycollectedbiodegradablemunicipal waste,excluding textile andpaper)

5.1.1.2 Biowaste inmixed waste (Notseparately collectedbiodegradablemunicipal waste,excluding textile andpaper)

5.1.1.3 Separatelycollectedtextile

5.1.1.2 Paper andtextile in mixedwaste (Notseparately collectedbiodegradablemunicipal wasteexcluding textile andpaper)

Biodegradablebiomass fractionfrom municipalliquid waste

Construction anddemolition wood

5.2.1.1 Nhazardous postconsumer wood

5.2.1.2 Hazardouspost consumer wood



by S2BIOM

5.1.1.1 Biowaste(Separatelycollectedbiodegradablemunicipal waste,excluding textile and

YES

5.1.1.2 Biowaste inmixed waste (Notseparately collectedbiodegradablemunicipal waste,excluding textile and

YES

Separatelycollected paper and

Not consideredby S2BIOM,since priority isreuse.

Still: part of itmightused for energygenerationpractice

Paper andtextile in mixedwaste (Noteparately collected

biodegradablemunicipal waste,excluding textile and

Not consideredby S2BIOMsince priority isreuse.

Still: part of itwill be used forenergy inpractice(incineration).

Liquid waste isnot consideredby S2BIOM(i.e. sewagesludge andrefood)

.1.1 Nonhazardous postconsumer wood

YES

.1.2 Hazardouspost consumer wood

YES

Not considered,

since not yet of

significant

relevance.

Not considered,

since not yet of

significant

relevance.


Consideration

by S2BIOM



5. Blends andmixtures



Still: part of itmight still beused for energygeneration inpractice



Liquid waste isnot consideredby S2BIOM

sewagesludge andrefood)

1.3.1 chemicallyuntreated used wood


Not considered,

since not yet of

significant

relevance.

Not considered,

since not yet of

significant

relevance.





5.2 Mixtures


5.2 Mixtures






5.2 Mixtures

5.2 Mixtures

1.3.1.1 without bark



fication System

Appendix)


21

Appendix

1. Woody biomass

2. Herbaceousbiomass

Appendix 2. ISO Categories of ISO/FDIS /

1. Woody biomass 1.1 Forest, plantation andother virgin wood

1.2 Byfrom wood processingindustry

1.3 Used wood

1.4 Blends and mixtures2. Herbaceous 2.1 Herbaceous biomass

from agriculture andhorticulture


ISO Categories of ISO/FDIS /

1.1 Forest, plantation andother virgin wood

1.2 By-products and residuesfrom wood processingindustry

1.3 Used wood

1.4 Blends and mixtures2.1 Herbaceous biomassfrom agriculture andhorticulture



1.1 Forest, plantation and 1.1.1 Whole trees without roots

1.1.2 Whole trees with roots

1.1.3 Stemwood

1.1.4 Logging residues

1.1.5 Stumps/roots

1.1.6 Bark (from forestry operations)1.1.7 Segregated wood from gardens, parks, roadside maintenance, vineyards,fruit orchards and driftwood from freshwater1.1.8 Blends and mixtures

products and residuesfrom wood processing

1.2.1 Chemically untreated woodby-products and residues

1.2.2 Chemically treated woodby-products, residues, fibres andwood constituents

1.2.3 Blends and mixtures1.3.1 Chemically untreated usedwood

1.3.2 Chemically treated usedwood

1.3.3 Blends and mixtures1.4 Blends and mixtures2.1 Herbaceous biomass 2.1.1 Cereal crops

2.1.2 Grasses



1.1.1 Whole trees without roots

1.1.2 Whole trees with roots

1.1.3 Stemwood

1.1.4 Logging residues

1.1.5 Stumps/roots

1.1.6 Bark (from forestry operations)1.1.7 Segregated wood from gardens, parks, roadside maintenance, vineyards,fruit orchards and driftwood from freshwater1.1.8 Blends and mixtures1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood

products and residues

1.2.2 Chemically treated woodproducts, residues, fibres and

wood constituents

1.2.3 Blends and mixtures1.3.1 Chemically untreated usedwood

1.3.2 Chemically treated usedwood


2.1.1 Cereal crops

2.1.2 Grasses


ISO Categories of ISO/FDIS / DIN EN ISO 16559

1.1.1 Whole trees without roots 1.1.1.1 Broad

1.1.1.2 Coniferous1.1.1.3 Short rotation coppice1.1.1.4 Bushes1.1.1.5 Blends and mixtures

1.1.2 Whole trees with roots 1.1.2.1 Broad1.1.2.2 Coniferous1.1.2.3 Short rotation coppice1.1.2.4 Bushes1.1.2.5 Blends and mixtures1.1.3.1 Broad1.1.3.2 Coniferous with bark1.1.3.3 Broad1.1.3.4 Coniferous without bark1.1.3.5 Blends and mixtures

1.1.4 Logging residues 1.1.4.1 Fresh/Green, Broadleaves)1.1.4.2 Fresh/Green, Coniferous (includingneedles)1.1.4.3 Stored, Broad1.1.4.4 Stored, Coniferous1.1.4.5 Blends and mixtures1.1.5.1 Broad1.1.5.2 Coniferous1.1.5.3 Short rotation coppice1.1.5.4 Bushes1.1.5.5 Blends and mixtures

1.1.6 Bark (from forestry operations)1.1.7 Segregated wood from gardens, parks, roadside maintenance, vineyards,fruit orchards and driftwood from freshwater1.1.8 Blends and mixtures1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood

products and residues1.2.1.1 Broad

1.2.1.2 Coniferous with bark1.2.1.3 Broad1.2.1.4 Coniferous without bark1.2.1.5 Bark (from industry operations)

1.2.2 Chemically treated woodproducts, residues, fibres and


1.2.2.2 With bark1.2.2.3 Bark (from industry operations)1.2.2.4 Fibres and wood constituents

1.2.3 Blends and mixtures1.3.1 Chemically untreated used 1.3.1.1 Without bark

1.3.1.2 With bark1.3.1.3 Bark

1.3.2 Chemically treated used 1.3.2.1 Without bark



2.1.1.1 Whole plant

2.1.1.2 Straw parts2.1.1.3 Grains or seeds2.1.1.4 Husks or shells2.1.1.5 Blends and mixtures2.1.2.1 Whole plant2.1.2.2 Straw parts2.1.2.3 Seeds2.1.2.4 Shells2.1.2.5 Bamboo


DIN EN ISO 16559

1.1.1.1 Broad-leaf

1.1.1.2 Coniferous1.1.1.3 Short rotation coppice1.1.1.4 Bushes1.1.1.5 Blends and mixtures1.1.2.1 Broad-leaf1.1.2.2 Coniferous1.1.2.3 Short rotation coppice1.1.2.4 Bushes1.1.2.5 Blends and mixtures1.1.3.1 Broad-leaf with bark1.1.3.2 Coniferous with bark1.1.3.3 Broad-leaf without bark1.1.3.4 Coniferous without bark1.1.3.5 Blends and mixtures1.1.4.1 Fresh/Green, Broadleaves)1.1.4.2 Fresh/Green, Coniferous (includingneedles)1.1.4.3 Stored, Broad1.1.4.4 Stored, Coniferous1.1.4.5 Blends and mixtures1.1.5.1 Broad-leaf1.1.5.2 Coniferous1.1.5.3 Short rotation coppice1.1.5.4 Bushes1.1.5.5 Blends and mixtures

1.1.7 Segregated wood from gardens, parks, roadside maintenance, vineyards,fruit orchards and driftwood from freshwater


1.2.1.2 Coniferous with bark1.2.1.3 Broad-leaf without bark1.2.1.4 Coniferous without bark1.2.1.5 Bark (from industry operations)1.2.2.1 Without bark



1.3.1.2 With bark1.3.1.3 Bark1.3.2.1 Without bark


2.1.1.1 Whole plant

2.1.1.2 Straw parts2.1.1.3 Grains or seeds2.1.1.4 Husks or shells2.1.1.5 Blends and mixtures2.1.2.1 Whole plant2.1.2.2 Straw parts2.1.2.3 Seeds2.1.2.4 Shells2.1.2.5 Bamboo


DIN EN ISO 16559

leaf

1.1.1.2 Coniferous1.1.1.3 Short rotation coppice

1.1.1.5 Blends and mixturesleaf

1.1.2.2 Coniferous1.1.2.3 Short rotation coppice

1.1.2.5 Blends and mixturesleaf with bark

1.1.3.2 Coniferous with barkleaf without bark

1.1.3.4 Coniferous without bark1.1.3.5 Blends and mixtures1.1.4.1 Fresh/Green, Broad-leaf (including

1.1.4.2 Fresh/Green, Coniferous (including

1.1.4.3 Stored, Broad-leaf1.1.4.4 Stored, Coniferous1.1.4.5 Blends and mixtures

leaf1.1.5.2 Coniferous1.1.5.3 Short rotation coppice


1.1.7 Segregated wood from gardens, parks, roadside maintenance, vineyards,

leaf with bark

1.2.1.2 Coniferous with barkleaf without bark

1.2.1.4 Coniferous without bark1.2.1.5 Bark (from industry operations)1.2.2.1 Without bark



1.3.1.2 With bark


1.3.2.2 With bark

2.1.1.1 Whole plant

2.1.1.2 Straw parts2.1.1.3 Grains or seeds2.1.1.4 Husks or shells2.1.1.5 Blends and mixtures2.1.2.1 Whole plant2.1.2.2 Straw parts


leaf (including

1.1.4.2 Fresh/Green, Coniferous (including

1.1.7 Segregated wood from gardens, parks, roadside maintenance, vineyards,

1.2.1.5 Bark (from industry operations)

1.2.2.3 Bark (from industry operations)1.2.2.4 Fibres and wood constituents

22

3. Fruit biomass

4. Aquatic biomass

2.2 Byfrom food and herbaceousprocessing industry

3. Fruit biomass 3.1 Orchard and horticulturefruit

3.2 Byfrom food and fruitprocessing industry

4. Aquatic biomass 4.1 Algae

4.2 Water hyacinth4.3 Lake and sea weed


2.2 By-products and residuesfrom food and herbaceousprocessing industry3.1 Orchard and horticulturefruit

3.2 By-products and residuesfrom food and fruitprocessing industry

4.1 Algae

4.2 Water hyacinth4.3 Lake and sea weed



2.1.4 Root crops

2.1.5 Legume crops

2.1.6 Flowers

2.1.7 Segregated herbaceous biomass from gardens, parks, roadsidemaintenance, vineyards and fruit orchards2.1.8 Blends and mixtures

products and residuesfrom food and herbaceous

2.2.1 Chemically untreatedherbaceous residues

3.1 Orchard and horticulture 3.1.1 Berries

3.1.2 Stone/kernel fruits

3.1.3 Nuts and acorns

3.1.4 Blends and mixturesproducts and residues 3.2.1 Chemically untreated fruit

residues

3.2.2 Chemically treated fruitresidues

3.2.3 Blends and mixtures3.3 Blends and mixtures4.1.1 Micro algae (latin name to be stated)

4.1.2 Macro algae (latin name to be stated)4.1.3 Blends and mixtures

4.3 Lake and sea weed 4.3.1 Lake weed (latin name to be stated)4.3.2 Sea weed



2.1.4 Root crops

2.1.5 Legume crops

2.1.6 Flowers

2.1.7 Segregated herbaceous biomass from gardens, parks, roadsidemaintenance, vineyards and fruit orchards2.1.8 Blends and mixtures2.2.1 Chemically untreatedherbaceous residues

3.1.1 Berries

3.1.2 Stone/kernel fruits

3.1.3 Nuts and acorns

3.1.4 Blends and mixtures3.2.1 Chemically untreated fruitresidues

3.2.2 Chemically treated fruitresidues



4.3.1 Lake weed (latin name to be stated)4.3.2 Sea weed


2.1.2.6 Blends and mixtures2.1.3.1 Whole plant2.1.3.2 Stalks and leaves2.1.3.3 Seeds2.1.3.4 Husks or shells2.1.3.5 Blends and mixtures2.1.4.1 Whole plant2.1.4.2 Stalks and leaves2.1.4.3 Root2.1.4.4 Blends and mixtures2.1.5.1 Whole plant2.1.5.2 Stalks and leaves2.1.5.3 Fruit2.1.5.4 Pods2.1.5.5 Blends and mixtures2.1.6.1 Whole plant2.1.6.2 Stalks and leaves2.1.6.3 Seeds2.1.6.4 Blends and mixtures

2.1.7 Segregated herbaceous biomass from gardens, parks, roadsidemaintenance, vineyards and fruit orchards2.1.8 Blends and mixtures2.2.1 Chemically untreated 2.2.1.1 Cereal crops and grasses

3.1.1.1 Whole berries

3.1.1.2 Flesh3.1.1.3 Seeds3.1.1.4 Blends and mixtures

3.1.2 Stone/kernel fruits 3.1.2.1 Whole fruit3.1.2.2 Flesh3.1.2.3 Stone/kernel/fruit fibre3.1.2.4 Blends and mixtures

3.1.3 Nuts and acorns 3.1.3.1 Whole nuts3.1.3.2 Shells/husks3.1.3.3 Kernels3.1.3.4 Blends and mixtures

3.1.4 Blends and mixtures3.2.1 Chemically untreated fruit 3.2.1.1 Berries

3.2.1.2 Stone/kernel fruits/fruit fibre3.2.1.3 Nuts and acorns3.2.1.4 Crude olive cake3.2.1.5 Blends and mixtures

3.2.2 Chemically treated fruit 3.2.2.1 Berries

3.2.2.2 Stone/kernel fruits3.2.2.3 Nuts and acorns3.2.2.4 Exhausted olive cake3.2.2.5 Blends and mixtures



4.3.1 Lake weed (latin name to be stated)4.3.2.1 Blue sea weed (latin name to bestated)4.3.2.2 Green sea weed (latin name to bestated)4.3.2.3be stated)4.3.2.4 Brown sea weed (latin name to bestated)4.3.2.5 Red sea weed (latin name to bestated)4.3.3 Blends and mixtures


2.1.2.6 Blends and mixtures2.1.3.1 Whole plant2.1.3.2 Stalks and leaves2.1.3.3 Seeds2.1.3.4 Husks or shells2.1.3.5 Blends and mixtures2.1.4.1 Whole plant2.1.4.2 Stalks and leaves2.1.4.3 Root2.1.4.4 Blends and mixtures2.1.5.1 Whole plant2.1.5.2 Stalks and leaves2.1.5.3 Fruit2.1.5.4 Pods2.1.5.5 Blends and mixtures2.1.6.1 Whole plant2.1.6.2 Stalks and leaves2.1.6.3 Seeds2.1.6.4 Blends and mixtures

2.1.7 Segregated herbaceous biomass from gardens, parks, roadsidemaintenance, vineyards and fruit orchards

2.2.1.1 Cereal crops and grasses


3.1.1.2 Flesh3.1.1.3 Seeds3.1.1.4 Blends and mixtures3.1.2.1 Whole fruit3.1.2.2 Flesh3.1.2.3 Stone/kernel/fruit fibre3.1.2.4 Blends and mixtures3.1.3.1 Whole nuts3.1.3.2 Shells/husks3.1.3.3 Kernels3.1.3.4 Blends and mixtures

3.2.1.1 Berries

3.2.1.2 Stone/kernel fruits/fruit fibre3.2.1.3 Nuts and acorns3.2.1.4 Crude olive cake3.2.1.5 Blends and mixtures3.2.2.1 Berries


4.1.1 Micro algae (latin name to be stated)

4.1.2 Macro algae (latin name to be stated)

4.3.1 Lake weed (latin name to be stated)4.3.2.1 Blue sea weed (latin name to bestated)4.3.2.2 Green sea weed (latin name to bestated)4.3.2.3 Blue-green sea weed (latin name tobe stated)4.3.2.4 Brown sea weed (latin name to bestated)4.3.2.5 Red sea weed (latin name to bestated)4.3.3 Blends and mixtures


2.1.2.6 Blends and mixtures2.1.3.1 Whole plant2.1.3.2 Stalks and leaves

2.1.3.4 Husks or shells2.1.3.5 Blends and mixtures2.1.4.1 Whole plant2.1.4.2 Stalks and leaves



2.1.6.4 Blends and mixtures2.1.7 Segregated herbaceous biomass from gardens, parks, roadside

2.2.1.1 Cereal crops and grasses


3.1.1.4 Blends and mixtures3.1.2.1 Whole fruit

3.1.2.3 Stone/kernel/fruit fibre3.1.2.4 Blends and mixtures3.1.3.1 Whole nuts3.1.3.2 Shells/husks


3.2.1.2 Stone/kernel fruits/fruit fibre3.2.1.3 Nuts and acorns3.2.1.4 Crude olive cake3.2.1.5 Blends and mixtures


4.3.2.1 Blue sea weed (latin name to be

4.3.2.2 Green sea weed (latin name to be

green sea weed (latin name to

4.3.2.4 Brown sea weed (latin name to be

4.3.2.5 Red sea weed (latin name to be



3.2.1.2 Stone/kernel fruits/fruit fibre

4.3.2.1 Blue sea weed (latin name to be

4.3.2.2 Green sea weed (latin name to be

green sea weed (latin name to

4.3.2.4 Brown sea weed (latin name to be

4.3.2.5 Red sea weed (latin name to be

23

5 Blends andmixtures

4.4 Reeds

4.5 Blends and mixtures5 Blends and 5.1 Blends

5.2 Mixtures


4.4 Reeds

4.5 Blends and mixtures5.1 Blends

5.2 Mixtures


4.5 Blends and mixtures

D2.2 A selection method to matchD2.2 A selection method to match biomass types with conversion technologies

4.4.1 Common reed4.4.2 Other reed4.4.3 Blends and mixtures


4.4.1 Common reed4.4.2 Other reed4.4.3 Blends and mixtures


4.4.1 Common reed



24

Appendix

Origin

1. Forestry

Appendix 2. WP 1 l


1.1 Primaryproduction

1.2 Primary residues


WP 1 lignocellulose



1.1.2 Stem andcrown biomassfrom earlythinnings

1.2 Primary residues 1.2.1 Loggingresidues fromthinnings andfinal fellings

1.2.2 Stumpsfrom thinningsand final fellings


ignocellulose



1.1.1.1 Stemwoodfrom final fellingsoriginating frombroadleaf

1.1.1.2 Stemwoodfrom final fellingsoriginating fromconifer trees

1.1.1.3 Stemwoodfrom thinningsoriginating frombroadleaf trees

1.1.1.3 Stemwoodfrom thinningsoriginating fromconifer trees

1.1.2 Stem andcrown biomassfrom early

1.1.2.1 Stem andcrown biomass fromearly thinningsoriginating frombroadleaf

1.1.2.2 Stem andcrown biomass fromearly thinningsoriginating fromconifer trees

1.2.1 Loggingresidues fromthinnings andfinal fellings

1-2-1 Loggingresidues fromfellings originatingfrom broadleaftrees

1-2-1 Loggingresidues fromfellings originatingfrom conifer

1-2-1 Loggingresidues fromthinningsoriginating frombroadleaf

1.2.1 Loggingresidues fromthinningsoriginating fromconifer trees

1.2.2 Stumpsthinnings

and final fellings

1.2.2.1 Stumps fromthinnings and finalfellings originatingfrom broadleaftrees

1.2.2.2 Stumps fromthinnings and finalfellings originatingfrom conifer


ignocellulose biomass


by S2BIOM



YES



YES



YES



YES

1.1.2.1 Stem andcrown biomass fromearly thinningsoriginating frombroadleaf trees

YES

1.1.2.2 Stem andcrown biomass fromearly thinningsoriginating from

trees

YES


originatingbroadleaf

YES


originatingconifer trees

YES

1 Loggingresidues fromthinningsoriginating frombroadleaf trees

YES

1.2.1 Loggingresidues fromthinningsoriginating from

trees

YES


broadleaf

YES


conifer trees

YES


iomass data base

Consideration

S2BIOM



1.1.3 Stemwood


1.1.3 Stemwood


Includes possiblywood

1.1.3 Stemwood


1.1.3 Stemwood





Includes possiblywood is debarked at the forest road side.








1.1.5 Stumps/roots

1.1.5 Stumps/roots


ata base categories



1.1.3 Stemwood


1.1.3 Stemwood


Includes possibly 1.1.6 Bark (from forestry operations) whereis debarked at the forest road side

1.1.3 Stemwood


1.1.3 Stemwood


Includes possibly 1.1.6 Bark (from forestry operations) wherewood is debarked at the forest road side



Includes possibly 1.1.6 Bark (from forestry operations) wherewood is debarked at the forest road side.








1.1.5 Stumps/roots

1.1.5 Stumps/roots


categories









1.1.6 Bark (from forestry operations) whereis debarked at the forest road side
























1.1.5.1 Broad-leaf

1.1.5.2 Coniferous


categories

fication System


leaf with bark

leaf without bark






leaf with bark

leaf without bark




This category also includes as well harvests from full tree


leaf with bark

leaf without bark












25

Origin


N. B.

This includes

marginal lands,abandonedlands, landscurrentlyreleased fromagriculture: i.e.land formerlyused foragriculture butcurrently notused and readyto be utilisedagain


1.3 Harvests fromtraditional coppiceforests that does notfocus on stemwoodproduction


marginal lands,


agriculture but

used and ready

2.1 Primaryproduction oflignocellulosicbiomass



1.3 Harvests fromtraditional coppice

that does notfocus on stemwood

lignocellulosic


2.2.2 Shortrotation coppiceon agriculturalland






2.1.1.3 Switch(Perennial grass



2.1.1.6 Reed CanaryGrass (Perennialcrop)

2.1.1.7 Other

2.2.2 Shortrotation coppice

agricultural

2.2.2.1 Willow

2.2.2.2 Poplar


Eucalyptus)



by S2BIOM

Not separatelyconsidered,quantitiesincluded insection 1.2 and1.3. Thismanagementform plays anegligible rolein current forestmanagement inall countriesunderconsideration.


YES


YES

2.1.1.3 SwitchgrassPerennial grass)

YES


YES


YES

2.1.1.6 Reed CanaryGrass (Perennial

YES

2.1.1.7 Other Not consideredsince the roleof furtherspecies isregardednegligible in ashort term.

2.2.2.1 Willow YES

2.2.2.2 Poplar YES


Eucalyptus)

YES


Consideration

S2BIOM



Not separatelyconsidered,quantities areincluded insection 1.2 and

. Thismanagementform plays anegligible rolein current forestmanagement inall countriesunderconsideration.

Not considered by

2.1.2 Grasses

2.1.2 Grasses

2.1.2 Grasses

2.1.2 Grasses

2.1.3 Oil seedcrops

2.1.2 Grasses

Not consideredsince the roleof furtherspecies isregardednegligible in ashort term.



1.1.5Stumps/roots



1.1.5Stumps/roots



1.1.5Stumps/roots




Not considered by ISO/FDIS / DIN EN ISO 16559





2.1.3 Oil seedcrops


2.1.3.3 Seeds






1.1.5Stumps/roots






1.1.5Stumps/roots






1.1.5Stumps/roots











2.1.3.3 Seeds












fication System









26

Origin


N. B.

This includesmarginal lands,abandonedlands, landscurrentlyreleased fromagriculture: i.e.land formerlyused foragriculture butcurrently notused and readyto be utilisedagain.

3. Other landuse


2. Agricultureland

& grass lands

marginal lands,


agriculture but

used and ready

2.2 Primary residuesfrom - production forfood, feed andother utilisations

2.3 Grass land

land 3.1 Biomass fromtrees/hedges andother biomass fromareas outsideforests and outsideof agriculture



2.2 Primary residuesproduction for

food, feed andother utilisations

2.2.1 Straw/

stubbles

2.2.2 Primary

residues -

pruning, &

orchards residues

rass land 2.3.1 Gras usedfor feed

2.3.2 Currentlyunused grassland (Grasnot used forfeed)

3.1 Biomass fromand

other biomass fromoutsideand outside

3.1.1 Biomassfrom road sideverges

3.1.2 Biomassfrom other areasunder landscapemaintenance



2.2.1 Straw/ 2.2.1.1 Cereals andrice straw

2.2.1.2 Sunflowerstraw


2.2.1.4 Maize stover

2.2.2 Primary

woody

pruning, &

orchards residues







Gras used

Currentlyunused grassland (Gras landnot used for


3.1.1 Biomassfrom road side

3.1.2 Biomassother areas

under landscapemaintenance



by S2BIOM

2.2.1.1 Cereals ande straw

YES

2.2.1.2 Sunflower YES


YES

2.2.1.4 Maize stover YES


YES


YES


YES


YES


YES


Only

considered

since as far as

not reserved for

feed and if

will be possible

to identify data

that allows for

reliable

estimates.




YES

YES


Consideration

S2BIOM



2.1.1 Cereal crops



2.1.1 Cereal crops






Only

considered

since as far as

not reserved for

feed and if it

will be possible

to identify data

that allows for

reliable

estimates.

2.1.2 Grasses



2.1.2 Grasses















2.1.2 Grasses

2.1.2 Grasses






2.1.1.2 Straw parts



2.1.1.2 Straw parts











fication System




gardens,parks, roadside maintenance, vineyards and fruit







27

Origin

4. Productionbased onlignocellulosicbiomass


. Production

lignocellulosic

4.1 Secondaryresidues from woodindustries

4.2 Secondaryresidues of industryutilising agriculturalproducts

4.3 Secondaryresidues ofindustries utilisingbiomass



.1 Secondaryresidues from wood

4.1.1 Secondaryresidues fromwood-productsindustries byproducts (Sawmills andequivalent)

4.1.2 Residuesfrom industriesusing semifinished wood &manufacturedwood

4.1.3 Secondaryresidues frompulp and paperindustries byproducts

Secondaryresidues of industryutilising agricultural

4.2.1 By-productsand residuesfrom foodfruit processingindustry

4.2.2 Cottonindustry byproducts

4.3 Secondary

industries utilising



Secondaryresidues from

productsindustries by

(Saw

equivalent)

4.1.1.1 Saw dust,chips, veneer coresetc. (residues ofstemwood)

4.1.1.1 Other sawmill by products(bark etc,)

Residuesindustriessemi-

finished wood &manufactured

4.1.2.1 Residuesfrom semiwood & frommanufactured woodproducts

Secondaryresidues frompulp and paperindustries by

4.1.3.1 Black liquor

productsand residuesfrom food andfruit processing

4.2.1.1 Olive stones

4.2.1.2 Other byproducts andresidues from foodand fruit processingindustry

4.2.2 Cottonindustry by-

4.2.2. Cotton acorns



by S2BIOM

.1 Saw dust,chips, veneer coresetc. (residues ofstemwood)

YES

Other sawmill by products(bark etc,)

YES

.1 Residuesfrom semi-finishedwood & frommanufactured wood

YES

.1 Black liquor Not consideredby S2BIOMsince this is notsolid

.2.1.1 Olive stones YES

.2.1.2 Other by-products andresidues from foodand fruit processing

Onlyconsideredsince as far asit will bepossible toidentify datathat allowreliableestimates.

Cotton acorns



Consideration

S2BIOM






1.2.2 Chemically treatwood byresidues, fibres and woodconstituents


Not consideredby S2BIOMsince this is notsolid biomass.


Onlyconsideredsince as far as

will bepossible toidentify datathat allowreliableestimates.




YES 3.2.1 Chemicallyuntreated fruit residues








1.2.2 Chemically treatedwood by-products,residues, fibres and woodconstituents














1.2.1 Chemically untreated 1.2.1.5 Bark (from industryoperations)






ed

residues, fibres and wood


1.2.2.2 With bark


1.2.2.4 Fibres and woodconstituents


3.2.1.2 Stone/kernelfruits/fruit fibre

3.2.1.1 Berries

3.2.1.2 Stone/kernelfruits/fruit fibre3.2.1.3 Nuts and acorns3.2.1.4 Crude olive cake3.2.1.5 Blends andmixtures

3.2.2 Chemically treated 3.2.2.1 Berries

3.2.2.2 Stone/kernel fruits3.2.2.3 Nuts and acorns3.2.2.4 Exhausted olivecake3.2.2.5 Blends andmixtures




fication System


leaf with


leaf without



leaf with


leaf without




1.2.2.2 With bark


1.2.2.4 Fibres and wood



3.2.1.3 Nuts and acorns3.2.1.4 Crude olive cake3.2.1.5 Blends and

3.2.2.2 Stone/kernel fruits3.2.2.3 Nuts and acorns3.2.2.4 Exhausted olive

3.2.2.5 Blends and


28

Origin

5. Postconsumerbiomass(tertiaryresidues)

6. Aquaticbiomass


5.1 Biodegradablemunicipal waste(BMW)

5.2 Post consumerwood





Biodegradablemunicipal waste

5.1.1Biodegradablebiomass fractionfrom municipalsolid waste

5.1.2Biodegradablebiomass fractionfrom municipalliquid waste

Post consumer 5.2.1Construction anddemolition wood





Biodegradablebiomass fractionfrom municipal

waste

5.1.1.1 Biowaste(Separatelycollectedbiodegradablemunicipal waste,excluding textile andpaper)

5.1.1.2 Biowaste inmixed waste (Notseparately collectedbiodegradablemunicipal waste,excluding textile andpaper)

5.1.1.3 Separatelycollectedtextile

5.1.1.2 Paper andtextile in mixedwaste (Notseparately collectedbiodegradablemunicipal wasteexcluding textile andpaper)

Biodegradablebiomass fractionfrom municipalliquid waste

Construction anddemolition wood

5.2.1.1 Nhazardous postconsumer wood

5.2.1.2 Hazardouspost consumer wood



by S2BIOM

5.1.1.1 Biowaste(Separatelycollectedbiodegradablemunicipal waste,excluding textile and

YES

5.1.1.2 Biowaste inmixed waste (Notseparately collectedbiodegradablemunicipal waste,excluding textile and

YES

Separatelycollected paper and


Still: part of itmightused for energygenerationpractice

Paper andtextile in mixedwaste (Noteparately collected

biodegradablemunicipal waste,excluding textile and



Liquid waste isnot consideredby S2BIOM(i.e. sewagesludge andrefood)

.1.1 Nonhazardous postconsumer wood

YES

.1.2 Hazardouspost consumer wood

YES

Not considered,

since not yet of

significant

relevance.

Not considered,

since not yet of

significant

relevance.


Consideration

S2BIOM






Still: part of itmight still beused for energygeneration inpractice



Liquid waste isnot consideredby S2BIOM

sewagesludge andrefood)



Not considered,

since not yet of

significant

relevance.

Not considered,

since not yet of

significant

relevance.





5.2 Mixtures


5.2 Mixtures






5.2 Mixtures

5.2 Mixtures




fication System



Documents

S2Biom Project Grant Agreement n°608622