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Easily scale your network with AWS Transit Gateway

Bhavin DesaiSenior Solutions ArchitectAmazon Web Services

S V C 3 0 5

S U M M I T

NATInstance B10.1.1.11/24

Instance BNAT-GW

NAT-GW

0.0.0.0/0

AWS Region

Availability Zone 2Availability Zone 1

Private subnet

VGW

VPCPeering

VPCFlow Logs

VPN

The internet

Private subnet

Public subnet

Instance A

Public subnet

Amazon S3

VPC CIDR 10.1.0.0/16

10.1.0.11/24

Instance C10.1.2.11/24

Instance D10.1.3.11/24

DXGW

+ Expand + IPv6

IGWVPCE

10.1.0.0/16 Local

0.0.0.0/0 IGW

S3.prefix.list VPCE-123

On premises VGW

VPC-B PCX-123

Destination Target

Intra or Inter

region

10.1.0.0/16 Local

S3.prefix.list VPCE-123

On premises VGW

VPC-B PCX-123

Destination Target

AWS PrivateLink Service Provider VPC

NLB

On premises

VPC-B

EIP - 10.1.0.11 : 54.23.12.43EIP - 10.1.1.11 : 54.19.12.23

Let’s take a closer look

Amazon DynamoDB

AWS Lambda

AWS Direct Connect

Amazon SQS Amazon SNSAWS IoT

Amazon CloudWatch

AWS PrivateLink

AWS Transit Gateway

On premisesAWS PrivateLinkEnabled Services

Other routes TGW

Other routes TGW

Amazon S3

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What is the AWS Transit Gateway?

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AWS Transit Gateway

AWS Transit Gateway radically evolved and simplified cloud networking. Using AWS Transit Gateway, we reduced the time to interconnect new VPCs and on-premises networks from weeks to minutes while attaining consistent and more reliable network performance!

Khoder ShamyDirector, Cloud Platform and Infrastructure

Fuze

“”

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Before AWS Transit Gateway

AWS Cloud

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Interconnecting VPCs at scale: Peering

AWS Cloud

Connecting a large number of VPCs in a mesh is challenging to manage

Connecting on-premises networks to each new VPC can take weeks to months to implement due to customer's internal processes

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Interconnecting VPCs at scale: AWS Transit Gateway

AWS Cloud

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Single VPN with AWS Transit Gateway

AWS Cloud Server contents

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Introducing AWS Transit Gateway

AWS Region

AWS Transit Gateway

ENIs

VPN

Routing domain

Routing domain

AWS Direct Connect Gateway

Regional service

Scalable

Flexible routing

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Flat: AWS Transit Gateway route domains (route tables)

AWS Transit Gateway

Route Destination

10.1.0.0/16 vpc-att-1xxxxxxx

10.2.0.0/16 vpc-att-2xxxxxxx

10.3.0.0/16 vpc-att-3xxxxxxx

10.4.0.0/16 vpc-att-4xxxxxxx

Defaultrouting domain

Route Destination

10.1.0.0/16 Local

10.0.0.0/8 tgw-xxxxxxxxx

Per VPC

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Flat: AWS Transit Gateway route domains (route tables)

Route Destination

10.1.0.0/16 vpc-att-1xxxxxxx

10.2.0.0/16 vpc-att-2xxxxxxx

10.3.0.0/16 vpc-att-3xxxxxxx

10.4.0.0/16 vpc-att-4xxxxxxx

Defaultrouting domain

Route Destination

10.1.0.0/16 Local

10.0.0.0/8 tgw-xxxxxxxxx

Per VPC

AWS Transit Gateway

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Isolated: AWS Transit Gateway route domains

Route Destination

0.0.0.0/0 VPN

Routing domain for VPN

Route Destination

10.1.0.0/16 Local

0.0.0.0/0 tgw-xxxxxxxxx

Per VPC

VPN

Routing domain for VPCs

Route Destination

10.1.0.0/16 vpc-att-1xxxx

10.2.0.0/16 vpc-att-2xxxx

Route Destination

10.3.0.0/16 vpc-att-3xxxx

10.4.0.0/16 vpc-att-4xxxx

AWS Transit Gateway

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Isolated: AWS Transit Gateway route domains

Route Destination

0.0.0.0/0 VPN

Route Destination

10.1.0.0/16 Local

0.0.0.0/0 tgw-xxxxxxxxx

Per VPC

VPN

Route Destination

10.1.0.0/16 vpc-att-1xxxx

10.2.0.0/16 vpc-att-2xxxx

Route Destination

10.3.0.0/16 vpc-att-3xxxx

10.4.0.0/16 vpc-att-4xxxx

Associate

go

Propagate routescan reach

Routing domain for VPN

Routing domain for VPCs

AWS Transit Gateway

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Isolated: AWS Transit Gateway route domains

Route Destination

0.0.0.0/0 VPN

Route Destination

10.1.0.0/16 Local

0.0.0.0/0 tgw-xxxxxxxxx

Per VPC

VPN

Route Destination

10.1.0.0/16 vpc-att-1xxxx

10.2.0.0/16 vpc-att-2xxxx

Route Destination

10.3.0.0/16 vpc-att-3xxxx

10.4.0.0/16 vpc-att-4xxxx

Routing domain for VPN

Routing domain for VPCs

AWS Transit Gateway

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Quick comparison: AWS Transit Gateway and Transit VPC

VPN

WAN

AWS Direct Connect

Transit VPC

Transit VPC AWS Transit Gateway

S U M M I T

Reference network architecture

Account Account

Account Account

Account Account

Account Account

Account Account

Account Account

VPNDirect Connect Gateway

Account Account Account Account IAM, cross-account roles

Route

tables

Route

tables

AWS Transit Gateway

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Shared services + VPN

VPN

VPC

Route Destination

10.1.0.0/16 vpc-att-1xxxx

10.2.0.0/16 vpc-att-2xxxx

Route Destination

10.3.0.0/16 vpc-att-3xxxx

10.4.0.0/16 vpc-att-4xxxx

Route Destination

10.0.0.0/8 VPN

10.4.0.0/16 vpc-att-4xxxx

VPCs attach to a route table with routes to shared resources

Shared resources attach to a route table with routes to all resources

Use case 1: Shared services with AWS Transit Gateway

AWS Transit Gateway

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Use Case 2: Outbound Internet with NAT Gateway

100.64.0.0/16

Outbound VPC

SNAT

SNAT

AWS Transit Gateway

VPC route domain

10.1.0.0/16 10.2.0.0/16

Outbound route domain

Spoke route table Outbound VPC route table

VPC B

VPC attachment route table, per AZ

Route Destination

10.2.0.0/16 Local

0.0.0.0/0 tgw-xxxxxxxxx

Route Destination

100.64.0.0/16 Local

10.0.0.0/8 tgw-xxxxxxxxx

0.0.0.0/0 igw-xxxxxxxxx

Route Destination

0.0.0.0/0 ngw-xxxxxxx

0.0.0.0/0 vpc-att-outbound 10.1.0.0/16 vpc-att-a

10.2.0.0/16 vpc-att-b

Apply SNAT outbound to the internet

SNAT

VPC A

Use Case 2: Outbound internet with NAT gateway

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Use Case 3: Outbound services VPC

100.64.0.0/16

Outbound VPC

SNAT

SNAT

VPC route domain

10.1.0.0/16 10.2.0.0/16

Outbound route domain

Spoke route table Outbound VPC route table

VPC B

ECMPVPN

BGP advertisement

Route Destination

10.2.0.0/16 Local

0.0.0.0/0 tgw-xxxxxxxxx

Route Destination

100.64.0.0/16 Local

10.0.0.0/8 tgw-xxxxxxxxx

0.0.0.0/0 igw-xxxxxxxxx

BGP prefix Next hop

0.0.0.0/0 Local IP

0.0.0.0/0 Outbound VPC VPN 10.1.0.0/16 vpc-att-a

10.2.0.0/16 vpc-att-b

Apply SNAT outbound to the internet

SNAT

VPC A

AWS Transit Gateway

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VPC to VPC service insertion

100.64.0.0/16

In-line VPC

SNAT

SNAT

VPC route domain

10.1.0.0/16 10.2.0.0/16

Outbound route domain

Spoke route table Outbound VPC route table

VPC B

ECMPVPN

BGP advertisement

Route Destination

10.2.0.0/16 Local

0.0.0.0/0 tgw-xxxxxxxxx

100.64.0.0/16 tgw-xxxxxxxxx

Route Destination

100.64.0.0/16 Local

10.0.0.0/8 tgw-xxxxxxxxx

0.0.0.0/0 igw-xxxxxxxxx

BGP prefix Next hop

0.0.0.0/0 Local IP

0.0.0.0/0 Outbound VPC VPN 10.1.0.0/16 vpc-att-a

10.2.0.0/16 vpc-att-b

Apply SNAT between VPCs for flow affinity

SNAT

VPC A

Use cases:

VPCs will traffic as originated from the in-line VPC CIDR

AWS Transit Gateway

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VPN with AWS Transit Gateway

VPN

Route

tables

Route

tables

AWS Transit Gateway

Customer gateway

Consolidate VPN at the transit gateway (TGW)• VPN acts similar to the virtual private gateway (VGW)

• Bandwidth, configuration, APIs, cost, and experience• VPN is attached to a TGW instead of a VGW• Same 1.25 Gbps bandwidth per tunnel applies

Encryption to the edge of many VPCs• Traffic is encrypted until it’s inside the VPC• Does not natively encrypt traffic between VPCs

• Inter-region VPC peering does

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VPN with AWS Transit Gateway: Add more bandwidth

VPN

Route

tables

Route

tables

Customer gateway

Support for spreading traffic across many tunnels• Equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) support with BGP multi-path• Tested up to 50 Gbps of traffic• Split traffic into smaller flows, multi-part uploads, etc.

Check your on-premises configuration• Multi-path BGP• ECMP support, amount of equal paths, reverse-path

forwarding/spoofing checks• Only supported with BGP, not static routing

AWS Transit Gateway

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AWS Direct Connect with AWS Transit Gateway

Route

tables

Route

tables

AWS Direct Connect gateway attachment• Direct Connect gateway (DXGW)• Attach transit virtual interface (VIF) to DXGW• Associate AWS Transit Gateway to Direct Connect gateway

• List the network prefixes that you want to advertise to on premises

Benefits• Use dedicated high bandwidth of 1G and 10G AWS Direct

Connect connections• Failover between AWS Direct Connect and AWS site-to-site VPN• Connectivity from AWS Direct Connect co-locations

WAN

AWS Transit Gateway

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Route

tables

Route

tables

AWS Transit Gateway

Route

tables

Route

tables

AWS Transit Gateway

Direct ConnectGateway

Equinix DC2/DC11, Ashburn, VAEquinix SE2, Seattle, WA

Direct Connect gateway and AWS Transit Gateway

US-WEST-2 US-EAST-1

AWS Transit Gateway

Association

AWS Transit Gateway

Association

Transit VIF Transit VIF

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Takeaways

We have tools and architectures that horizontally scale to many VPCs

There’s wiggle room for your specific use cases

Use services in combination to meet scale and security requirements

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Advice

• Networking changes fast; no more crystal balls.

• Start simple! Stay simple. Reduce complexity to smaller scopes.

• Segment and modify as needed.

• Experiment and test.

Thank you!

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Bhavin Desaibhavind@amazon.com