SKELETAL SYSTEM

Skeletal systemis the frame work of the body and provides support and protection.

Skeletal system is the biological system providing support in living

organisms.

The human skeleton consists of both fused and individual bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, joints and cartilage.

Functions:• providing shape.

• Supporting framework. •Protection to delicate and vital

organs. •Presence of joints for functioning

as lever. •Mineral storage.

•Attachment of muscles. •Making body an integrated unit. 

The human skeleton consists of both fused and individual bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, joints and cartilage.

BONEThere are types of bones: Compact bone,

Spongy bone, long bones (like those in the arms and legs), short bones (like

those found in the ankles and wrists), flat bones (like ribs and those in the skull),

and irregular bones (like the vertebrae in the spine).

Types of bone Compact bone - Compact bone is dense and hard,

especially the outer layer of the bone.

Spongy bone - Made up of a lattice work of bone, the spaces are filled with red

marrow which produce blood cells.

Classification of bones by shape

Long bones. Long bones are longer than they are wide. They are found in

the arms and legs.

Short bones. Short bones are shaped like cubes and are found primarily in the wrist and ankles. Flat bones. Flat bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the ribs, breastbone, and skull. Irregular bones. Irregular bones are different shaped and are not classified as long, short, or flat. They include the hip bones, vertebrae, and various bones in the skull.

LIGAMENTS Ligaments are bands of tough, fibrous material

that are used to connect bones to create joints.

TENDONS

Tendons are similar in structure to ligaments but are

used to connect muscles to bones. A joint strain occurs when a tendon is damaged.

JOINTSJoints are formed at any point

where two bones connect. Joints can be movable, like ankles and knees, or they can be fixed like

the joints in the skull.

CARTILAGE-- Tough connective tissue covering the ends of the

bone. The cartilage reduce friction and acts as a shock

absorber.-- Supporting skeleton

PROCESS:When a long bone first starts to develop, It is

formed of cartilage which is hardened into bone by a process of OSSIFICATION.

Sternum or breast-bone:   it is a flat, narrow but about 15 cm long dagger-like bone present in the

middle front part.

Pelvic girdle: it is a trough like bony structure formed by union of

two similar halves or hip bones with themselves anterior and with

the sacrum posteriorly. Each innominate is formed by union of

3 bones – ischium, pubis and ilium.

Additional informations:

A baby has 300 bones at birth. As they grow older

the small bones grow together until finally, as an

adult, there are 206.

Major bone disorders:

- Osteoporosis- Paget's Disease

The most common disease after osteoporosis is a progressive

increase in bone loss in a body area, such as a hip, called Paget's disease.

- Arthritis

Male vs. female

- a man’s skeleton is larger- in a female, the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet are usually

much wider

MEMBERS:

Jave Mark padolinaLara Isabel Tan

Jay PizarrasDave Ian Apay