1

63rd BAERA Training Course on Radiation Protection

for Radiation Control Officers (RCOs) of Diagnostic

X-ray Installations

Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority.

29-30 April, 2019

Rxe†`‡n AvqbvqbKvix wewKi‡bi cÖfve

TL-7: Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation

Md. Mustafijur Rahman

Chief Engineer.

Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority

2

Early Observations of the Effects of

Ionizing Radiation

• 1895 X Rays discovered by Roentgen

• 1896 First skin burns reported

• 1896 First use of X Rays in the treatment of cancer

• 1896 Becquerel: Discovery of radioactivity

• 1897 First cases of skin damage reported

• 1902 First report of X Ray induced cancer

• 1911 First report of leukaemia in humans and lung

cancer from occupational exposure

• 1911 94 cases of tumour reported in Germany

(50 being radiologists)

3

W.C. Röntgen received the 1st Nobel Prize for

Physics in 1901

First cancer therapy with X-rays in the year 1899

4

Thor Stenbeck treated a

carcinoma of the nose of a 49-

years old women. 100

irradiations in the course of 9

months. The patient survived

with good health 30 years

Tage Sjörgen cured a

carcinoma by 50

irradiations during 30

months

5

Pathways of Radiation interaction with Human body

Module 26 5

Radiation CausesRadiation Causes IonisationIonisation Of:Of:ATOMSATOMS

which will affectwhich will affect

MOLECULESMOLECULES

which may affectwhich may affect

CELLSCELLS

which may affectwhich may affect

TISSUESTISSUES

which may affectwhich may affect

ORGANSORGANS

which may affectwhich may affect

THE WHOLE BODYTHE WHOLE BODY

Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation

কষতি

কষতি

কষতি

কষতিগরসথ

কষতিগরসথ6

DNA Damage by Radiation

7

•Ionizing radiation can also impair or damage cells indirectly by creating free

radicals

*Free radicals may form compounds, such as hydrogen peroxide, which could

initiate harmful chemical reactions within the cells. As a result of these

chemical changes, cells may undergo a variety of structural changes which

lead to altered function or cell death

8

Radiation Effects

Ionizing radiation

interacts at the

cellular level:• ionization

• chemical changes

• biological effect

cell

nucleus

chromosomes

incident

radiation

9

Ionising Radiation and Human

Cellular Level

Normal repair of damage

Daughter cells die

Cell dies from damage

No repair or non-identicalrepair before reproduction

10

2.1 AvqbvqbKvix wewKi‡bi cÖfve

gvbe‡`‡n wewKi‡bi cÖfve cÖavbZ `yB ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K|

h_v-

Deterministic effects

Stochastic effects

11

2.2 Deterministic effects

GwU GKwU wbw`©ó gvÎvi Dci wbf©i K‡i|

wewKiY m¤úv‡Zi gvÎv বদধির mv‡_ mv‡_ ¶‡Zi ZxeªZv বদধি

cvq

cÖwZwµqvi ZxeªZv m¤úv‡Zi GKwU ননযিম gvÎvi

(Threshold) AwZwi³ m¤úvZ cÖvwßi mgvbvycvwZK|

m¤úvZ cÖvwßi K‡qK N›Uvi, K‡qKw`b ev K‡qK mßv‡ni

মধযয GB ai‡bi cÖfve cwijw¶Z n‡q _v‡K|

D`vnib ¯^iƒc - Z¡K jvj n‡q hvIqv (erythema)

†iwW‡qkb evb© ev Z¡‡Ki cÖ`vn, †iwW‡qkb wmK‡bm wm‡Ûªvg,

†Pv‡L Qvwb cov ইিযাতি |

12

2.3 Stochastic effects

GwU †Kvb gvÎvi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv|

GwU m¤úvZ cÖvwßi mv‡_ mgvbycvwZK A_©vr wewKiY m¤úvZ বদধি

n‡j m¤¢ebv বদধি cvq

GwU †h †Kvb gvÎvi m¤úv‡Zi d‡j hw` wW Gb G কষতিগরসথ nq

†m‡¶‡Î NU‡Z cv‡i |

ïaygvÎ GKwU †Kv‡l রপানতধরর d‡jB কযানসার †iv‡Mi m „wó

n‡Z cv‡i Ges G †iv‡Mi ZxeªZvI m¤úv‡Zi gvÎvi Dci wbf©ikxj

bq|

Gai‡bi cÖwZwµqv mvavibZ 10-15 ermi ci cwijw¶Z nq|

D`vniY ^iƒc - কযানসার Ges Rb¥MZ তরটি |

13

2.4. Other Effects

(a) Somatic Effects

†`n †Kvl wewKiY m¤úvZ cªvß nB‡j N‡U _v‡K |

ïaygvÎ wewKiY m¤úvZ cÖvßi বযদধির মধযয সীমাবি _v‡K |

†h সমসত AsM/Kjvi wewKib ms‡e`bkxjZv hZ ‡ekx †m mKj

AsM/Kjv ZZ দরি আকরানত ev ¶wZMÖ ’ nq|

wewKib ms‡e`bkxj AsM mgyn n‡jv-

AwZgvÎv t Aw ’g¾v, cxnv, wjç‡bvW, AÛ‡Kvl, †Pv‡Li

gwb, wj‡çvmvBU

মযযমাতরা t Z¡K, hK…Z, ü`wcÛ, dzmdzm|

Aí gvÎv t gvsm †ckx, nvo, mœvqyZš ¿

14

(b) Genetic Effects

wewKib Øviv Rbb‡Kvl (Germcell)আকরানত ev ¶wZMÖ ’ n‡j |

cwiewZ©Z/রপানততরি Rbb †Kvl Rxb ms‡K‡Zi মাযযধম m¤úvZ |

cÖvß বযদধির cieZ©x cÖR‡b¥i মধযয GB তরটির সটি Ki‡Z cv‡i|

G‡K wejw¤Z cÖfve e‡j|

GwU mvaviYZ 10/15 ermi ci cwijw¶Z nq|

15

(c) Acute effects

hw` AwZ Aí mg‡qi মধযয me©v½ ev Lye †ekx cwigvb †Kvl

Kgc‡¶ 1 sv Gi †ekx cwigvb AvqbvqbKvix wewKib m¤úvZ

cÖvß nq Zv n‡j K‡qK N›Uv ev mßv‡ni মধযয সদধিতিি DcmM©

wb‡q GK we‡kl kvixwiK DcmM© †`Lv †`q G‡K (Acute

Radiatin Syndrome) e‡j|

mvaviYZ ewg ewg fve, gv_v বযথা, ewg, Wvqwiqv, AwZwi³

~e©jZv, wSgv‡bvfve, Z¡‡Ki cÖ`vn, Zvc †e‡o DVv ইিযাতি|

GgbwK m¤úvZ cÖvß বযদধির মিযI NU‡Z cv‡i|

16

‡kvwlZ wewKi‡bi cwigvb Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i ARS wbgœewY©Z wZb

ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K|

1| †n‡gvcqwUK Haemooitic) (wmb‡Wªvg (1-10Gy )

2| গযাধরাইনধিসটিনাি (Gastrointestinal) wmb‡Wªvg (10-15Gy

)

3| †m›Uªvj bvf©vm তসধেম (Central Nervous System Gy) )

wmb‡Wªvg (20-50Gy )

Acute effects

17

2.4.1 †n‡gvcqwUK wmb‡Wªvg

1-10 Gy

j¶Y mg~n K‡qK N›Uvi মধযয শর nq|

hw` m¤úvZ 2 Gy nq 50% Rbmvavi‡bi মধযয 2 N›Uvi মধযয

ewg শর n‡e|

G‡¶‡Î Aw ’g¾vq আকরানত nIqvq i³ KwbKvi সংখযা we‡kl K‡i

wj‡çvmvB‡Ui সংখযা 24 N›Uvi মধযয wb‡P bvg‡Z _v‡K|

cieZ©x‡Z AbyPwµKv I অনযানয iw³ KwbKvi সংখযা 30w`‡bi

মধযয †ewk gvÎvq wb‡P †b‡g Av‡m|

i³¶ib I †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv nvwi‡q m¤úvZ cÖvß বযদধির 1-2

gv‡mi মধযয মিয য N‡U|

18

2.4.2 গযাধরাইনধিসটিনাি wmb‡Wªvg

10-15 Gy m¤úvZ cÖvß n‡j Zxeª গযাধরাইনধিসটিনাি j¶b

†`Lv hvq|

G‡¶‡Î গযাধরাইনধিসটিনাি Z‡š¿i Bwc‡_wjqvg aŸsm n‡q

hvIqvq Wvqwiqv, ewg, IRb Kg, ZvcgvÎv evov I wWnvB‡Wªkb,

Bb‡dKkb|

i³Pvc †ekx gvÎvq K‡g wM‡q 2 mßv‡ni মধযয m¤úvZ cÖvß

বযদধির মিয য N‡U|

19

2.4.3 †m›Uªvj bvf©vm তসধেম wmb‡Wªvg

hLb m¤úvZ 20-50 Gy ev Zvi †P‡q †ekx|

†m›Uªvj bvf©vm তসধেম wbw¯Œq n‡q hvq|

m¤úvZ cÖvß বযদধির k¦vmcÖk¦vm I ü`wc‡Ûi Kvh©KvwiZv nvwi‡q I

মদধসতসক cÖ`v‡ni িরন K‡qK N›Uv †_‡K 48 N›Uvi মধযয মিয য N‡U|

20

Acute effects

AwZwi³ m¤úv‡Zi d‡j †`‡ni †Kvb mxwgZ Ask আকরানত ev

¶wZMÖ ’ nq Zv‡K Local radiation injury/radiation Burn

e‡j|

Radiation Burn/Z¡‡Ki wewKi‡bi wbgœwjwLZ cÖwZwµqv t

(1) Z¡K L‡m cov (desquamation -10-15Gy)

(2) Z¡‡Ki ¶Z (Ulceration)-20 Gy

(3) Pzj c‡o hvIqv (epilation-5-7 Gy)

(4) Z¡‡Ki মিয য (Radionecrosis-25Gy)

(5) Z¡‡Ki cPb (Gangrane-30Gy)

21

Acute effects

22

3. Delayed effects

m¯úvZ cªvwßi A‡bK eQi ci G ai‡bi সবাসথ সমসযা †`Lv †`q

দরি cÖwZwµqv †_‡K আধরাগয jv‡fi ciI cieZ©x mg‡q wejw¤^Z

cÖwZwµqv n‡Z cv‡i|

mvaviYZ `xN©Kvjxb m¤úvZ cÖvß বযদধিধির মধযয GwU †`Lv w`‡Z

cv‡i

Gi d‡j wewfbœ ai‡bi কযানসার, †Pv‡Li Qvwb, বানধতব ইিযাতি †`Lv

w`‡Z cv‡i

Gi d‡j ˆ`wnK I Rb¥MZ তরটি n‡q _v‡K|

23

24X-ray investigation in 1906.

Monument from the year 1936 at St. Georgs Hospital at

Hamburg/Germany exhibiting today the names 379 doctors,

scientists and others which lost their lives because of their

work with X-rays and radium.

25

26

4. Dcmsnvi

wewKi‡bi h_vh_ বযবহার bv Ki‡j A_ev wewKib RwbZ ~N©Ubvi

Kvi‡b bvbv ai‡bi ˆ`wnK ¶wZKi সমসযার m „wó nq|

wewKi‡bi gvÎv evo‡j wewKi‡bi cÖwZwµqv evovi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|

ZvB G welqwU †iwWIMÖvdvi I †iwWIjwRó‡`i জনয LyeB

গরতবপর ণ| সসজনয

m¤úv‡Zi gvÎv I সংখযা Kgv‡Z n‡e|

m¤úv‡Zi RvqMv h_vm¤¢e Kwg‡q wb‡Z n‡e|

wb‡Riv Ges hviv GB cÖwZwµqvi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡e Zv‡`i

hZUv cviv hvq †kvwlZ wewKi‡bi gvÎv Kwg‡q Avb‡Z n‡e|

cwiwgZ gvÎvi wewKib w`‡q Kvw•LZ Qwe cÖ ‘Z KivB n‡e

mswkó mevi উধেশয|