Rwanda, Humanity Rwanda, Humanity and UNand UN

By Derek C.Department of FinanceDirector of Academic

Affairs

LocationLocation

Profile of Republic of Profile of Republic of RwandaRwanda

A A landlocked landlocked country in country in the Great the Great Lakes Lakes region of region of east-central east-central AfricaAfrica

BorderBorder KigaliKigali

Profile of Republic of RwanProfile of Republic of Rwandada

9 million people9 million people Densest human populations in Densest human populations in

continental Africacontinental Africa Subsist on agricultureSubsist on agriculture

Race and HistoryRace and History

The Hutu group arrived in Rwanda The Hutu group arrived in Rwanda from the Congo basin (85%)from the Congo basin (85%)

The Tutsi populations arrived from The Tutsi populations arrived from EthiopiaEthiopia (15-18%) (15-18%)

Race and HistoryRace and History

ComplexionComplexion The narrow noses and tall featuresThe narrow noses and tall features Monopoly of the so-called superior Monopoly of the so-called superior

white racewhite race 1918 Germany1918 Germany 1918-1962 Belgium1918-1962 Belgium 1962 Independence1962 Independence

BackgroundBackground

Rwanda Government (Hutu)Rwanda Government (Hutu) Racial discriminationRacial discrimination TutsiTutsi E.g. Radio programme-RTLME.g. Radio programme-RTLM

BackgroundBackground Exiled refugee Rwandan Tutsis in UgaExiled refugee Rwandan Tutsis in Uga

ndanda Joined rebel forces Joined rebel forces Become part of the Ugandan militaryBecome part of the Ugandan military Museveni's guerrilla forces Museveni's guerrilla forces

Civil War ICivil War I

1990, the Tutsi-dominated RPF invade1990, the Tutsi-dominated RPF invaded Rwanda from Ugandad Rwanda from Uganda

A radio station that began anti-Tutsi prA radio station that began anti-Tutsi propaganda and with pogrammes againsopaganda and with pogrammes against Tutsis, whom it claimed were trying tt Tutsis, whom it claimed were trying to re-enslave the Hutuso re-enslave the Hutus

Civil War ICivil War I

Arusha accords Arusha accords ““Final" cease-fire agreement in AugusFinal" cease-fire agreement in Augus

t 1993 t 1993

IncidentIncident

April. 6th 1994April. 6th 1994 President Melchior President Melchior

Ndadaye Ndadaye HutuHutu

GenocideGenocide Civil warCivil war

Hutu Government Hutu Government VS.VS. Rwandan Patriotic Rwandan Patriotic

Front (RPF) Front (RPF)

GenocideGenocide April-JulyApril-July 100days100days 1 million1 million

GenocideGenocide Hutu: Hutu:

Interahamwe and Interahamwe and ImpuzamugambiImpuzamugambi

TutsisTutsis Moderate HutusModerate Hutus

GenocideGenocide Rwandan Patriotic FRwandan Patriotic F

ront (RPF) and Ugaront (RPF) and Uganda Government minda Government military forceslitary forces

July, 1994 KigaliJuly, 1994 Kigali Defeat the HutusDefeat the Hutus

GenocideGenocide 2 million refugees2 million refugees Refugee campsRefugee camps Countries besides, Countries besides,

Uganda, Burundi, Uganda, Burundi, the Democratic the Democratic Republic of the Republic of the Congo and Congo and TanzaniaTanzania

Thousands of peoplThousands of people died e died

International Aid-USInternational Aid-US

USUS SomaliaSomalia Condemned by Condemned by

Europe and The Europe and The ThirdsThirds

International Aid-UNInternational Aid-UN UN peacekeeping UN peacekeeping

forcesforces InactionInaction

International Aid-CanadaInternational Aid-Canada Canada

continued to lead the UN peacekeeping force in Rwanda

United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR)

Humanity RecordHumanity Record

For the first time in For the first time in Rwanda's long histoRwanda's long history, the Rwandan leary, the Rwandan leadership preached a dership preached a message of division, message of division, hate, and violence thate, and violence to the population, reo the population, resulting in repeated csulting in repeated cycles of genocide. ycles of genocide.

Humanity RecordHumanity Record Despite specific warnings and Despite specific warnings and

requests from UNAMIR's requests from UNAMIR's commanding officers in Rwanda, commanding officers in Rwanda, before and during the genocide, the before and during the genocide, the UN Security Council refused to send UN Security Council refused to send additional support, declined additional support, declined UNAMIR's request for authorization UNAMIR's request for authorization to intervene, and even scaled back to intervene, and even scaled back UNAMIR's forces and authority.UNAMIR's forces and authority.

Humanity RecordHumanity Record One million lives One million lives

were lost in only were lost in only one hundred dayone hundred days. It is the fastest s. It is the fastest and most vicious and most vicious genocide yet recogenocide yet recorded in human hirded in human history.story.

Tragedy Tragedy

The EndThe EndThank youThank you

By Derek C.Department of FinanceDirector of Academic

Affairs

QuestionsQuestions

What UN should do?What UN should do? US’s attitude?US’s attitude? International intervention?International intervention? National sovereignty?National sovereignty? Peacemaking and peacekeeping?Peacemaking and peacekeeping? Taiwan’s 228Taiwan’s 228