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2

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4

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RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ-2010 Gi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L cwigvwR©Z n‡q‡Q gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii wk¶vµg| cwigvwR©Z GB wk¶vµ‡g RvZxq Av`k©, j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I mgKvjxb Pvwn`vi cÖwZdjb NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q, †mB mv‡_ wk¶v_©x‡ì eqm, †gav I MÖnY ¶gZv Abyhvqx wkLbdj wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov wk¶v_©xi ˆbwZK I gvbweK g~j¨‡eva †_‡K ïi“ K‡i BwZnvm I HwZn¨ †PZbv, gnvb gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv, wkí-mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZ‡eva, †`k‡cÖg‡eva, cÖK…wZ-†PZbv Ges ag©-eY©-†MvÎ I bvix-cyi“l wbwe©‡k‡l mevi cÖwZ mggh©v`v‡eva RvMÖZ Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKwU weÁvbgb¯‹ RvwZ MV‡bi Rb¨ Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î weÁv‡bi ¯ZtùZ© cÖ‡qvM I wWwRUvj evsjv‡`‡ki i~cKí-2021 Gi j¶¨ ev —evq‡b wk¶v_©x‡ì m¶g K‡i †Zvjvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

bZzb GB wk¶vµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii cÖvq mKj cvV¨cy —K| D³ cvV¨cy¯—K cÖYq‡b wk¶v_©x‡ì mvg_© , cÖeYZv I c~e© AwfÁZv‡K ¸i“‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvV¨cy¯—K¸‡jvi welq wbe©vPb I Dc ’vc‡bi †¶‡Î wk¶v_©xi m„Rbkxj cÖwZfvi weKvk mva‡bi w`‡K we‡klfv‡e ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi ïi“‡Z wkLbdj hy³ K‡i wk¶v_©xi AwR©Ze¨ Áv‡bi Bw½Z cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges wewPÎ KvR, m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I Ab¨vb¨ cÖkœ ms‡hvRb K‡i g~j¨vqb‡K m„Rbkxj Kiv n‡q‡Q|

evsjv‡`k g~jZ K…wl-A_©bxwZ wbf©i †`k| GKwesk kZ‡Ki P¨v‡jÄ‡K mvg‡b †i‡L mxwgZ f~wgi m‡e©vËg eënvi, AwaK dmj dj‡bi j‡¶¨ jvMmB cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM Ges K…wl welqK Ávb-weÁvb I Z_¨ cÖh„w³‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q AvaywbK K…wl eë ’v M‡o †Zvjvi †KŠk‡ji mv‡_ cwiwPZ Kivi cÖqvm wb‡q cvV¨cy¯—KwU cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

GKwesk kZ‡Ki A½xKvi I cÖZ¨q‡K mvg‡b †i‡L cwigvwR©Z wk¶vµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K cvV¨cy —KwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB cvV¨cy¯—KwUi AviI mg„w×mva‡bi Rb¨ †h‡Kv‡bv MVbg~jK I hyw³m½Z civgk© ¸i“‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ewPZ n‡e| cvV¨cy¯—K cÖYq‡bi wecyj Kg©h‡Ái g‡a¨ AwZ ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ cy —KwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q| d‡j wKQz fyjÎ“wU †_‡K †h‡Z cv‡i| cieZ©x ms¯‹iY¸‡jv‡Z cvV¨cy —KwU‡K AviI my›ì, †kvfb I Î“wUgy³ Kivi †Póv Ae¨vnZ, _vK‡e| evbv‡bi †¶‡Î Abym„Z n‡q‡Q evsjv GKv‡Wgx KZ…©K cÖYxZ evbvbixwZ|

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5

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Aa¨v‡qi Aa¨v‡qi wk‡ivbvg c„ôv cÖ_g K…wl Ges Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZ 1-14

wØZxq K…wl cÖhyw³ 15-32

Z…Zxq K…wl DcKiY 23-31

PZz_© K…wl I Rjevqy 49-63

cÂg K…wlR Drcv`b 64-89

lô ebvqb 90-112

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K…wl Ges Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZ K…wli m‡½ ms¯‹…wZi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| gvbe mgv‡Ri BwZnvm GwM‡q‡Q gvby‡li K…wl KvR ïi“ Kivi gva¨‡g| gvby‡li Lv`¨, e¯¿, Avevmb BZ¨vw` †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb wgUv‡bvi Rb¨ K…wl‡K cÖavb Drcv`b eë¯’v wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| Rxeb‡K wbivc` I Avb›`Nb Kivi Rb¨ gvby‡li nvRvi eQ‡ii µgvMZ cÖ‡Póv P‡j‡Q| Gi ga¨ w`‡qB cwievi, mgvR, RvwZ M‡o D‡V‡Q bvbv cwi‡e‡k bvbv AvÂwjK I RvwZMZ êwkó¨ wb‡q| Drcv`b Kg©Kv‡Êi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z gvby‡li GB AR©b¸‡jvB µ‡g H gvbe‡Mvôxi ms¯‹…wZ wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡q‡Q| K…wl I ms¯‹…wZi GB AvšÍtm¤úK©B GB Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

GB Aa¨vq cvV †k‡l Avgiv 1| cwievi I mgvR MV‡b K…wli f~wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie|

2| weÁvbwfwËK K…wl Ges K…l‡Ki Dci gvby‡li wbf©ikxjZvi m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvie |

3| K…wli êwPÎ¨c~Y© Drcv`b eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie |

4| K…wl cwi‡ek I FZz cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ K…wl Drcv`‡bi m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvie |

5| mvs¯‹…wZK HwZ‡nï mv‡_ K…wl †gŠmy‡gi m¤úK© ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie |

wPÎ : cvwievwiK K…wl KvR

2

cvV 1 : cwievi MV‡b K…wl

K…wl KvR‡K †K› ª K‡i Avgv‡ì cwievi I mgvR MV‡bi m~Pbv n‡qwQj| K…wl KvR Kivi Av‡M gvbyl cï-cvwL wkKvi K‡i A_ev Mv‡Qi djg~j AvniY K‡i Lv`¨ msMÖn KiZ| e‡bi wnsmª cïi AvµgY †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ †m mgq gvbyl `je×fv‡e PjvPj KiZ| e‡bi cï-cvwL wkKv‡ii Kv‡RI gvbyl `je×fv‡e AskMÖnY KiZ| cwievi m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li ZLbI †Kv‡bv aviYv wQj bv| djg~j AvniY I wkKvi Kivi gva¨‡g gvbyl cÖK…wZ, cwi‡ek Ges cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ NUbv Mfxifv‡e ch©‡e¶‡Yi my‡hvM †c‡qwQj| cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ NUbv I G‡ì cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© wbweofv‡e ch©‡e¶‡bi my‡hvM nZ ¸nvq emevmKvix gv‡q‡ì| KviY G‡ì evB‡i †ei nIqvi †Zgb cÖ‡qvRb n‡Zv bv| Giv †`L‡jb dj †L‡q Zvi exR ¸nvi evB‡i †hLv‡b †d‡jwQ‡jb †mLv‡b bZzb Pviv MwR‡q MvQ eo n‡q H GKB dj †Ìqv ïi“ K‡i‡Q| Avi †mB exRB mn‡R MwR‡q bZzb MvQ n‡”Q †hwU †fRv big gvwU‡Z c‡owQj| eyw×gwZ bvix mePvB‡Z my ^v y djwUi exR ivL‡jb| hZœ K‡i gvwU big K‡i exR cyu‡Z w`‡jb| Pviv MRv‡j Zv‡K hZœ K‡i eo Ki‡jb Ges GKmgq dj †c‡jb| Gfv‡eB bvixiv cÖ_g K…wli m~Pbv K‡iwQ‡jb| wkKv‡ii hy‡MB gvbyl Av¸‡bi eënvi I wbqš¿Y wk‡LwQj| cïi gvs‡mi g‡ZvB MvQcvjv †_‡KI †m× K‡i ev cywo‡q my ^v y Lvevi ˆZwii †KŠkjI AvqË Ki‡Z †`wi n‡jv bv bvix‡ì| AwaKvsk dj cvKvi ci †ewkw`b ivLv †hZ bv, cPb aiZ| ZvB †Kvb dmj †ewkw`b msMÖ‡n ivLv hvq Gi †LuvR Pjj| µ‡g km¨ A_©vr avb, Mg, Wvj BZ¨vwì ¸i“Z¡ evoj| KviY G¸‡jv msMÖ‡ni ci `xN©w`b ivLv hvq| Gi d‡j Lv‡`ï msKU A‡bKUvB jvNe n‡jv| GB Drcv`b eë¯’vi †K› ª n‡q coj bvix| K…lvwY bvix GKRb cQ›`g‡Zv cyi“l m½x Lyu‡R wb‡q msmvi ïi“ Ki‡jb| Zuv‡ì †Q‡j‡g‡q wg‡j M‡o DVj Zuv‡ì cwievi| we‡q Ges cwievi m¤ú‡K© wKQy wbqg-Kvbyb-cÖ_v µgk AwfÁZvi wfwË‡Z ˆZwi n‡jv hv †gvUvgywU cwievi¸‡jv †g‡b PjZ| Gme wbqgKvbyb Kg †ewk GLbI †g‡b Pjv nq| cwievi mgv‡Ri ¶z ª GKK G aviYv Gmgq †_‡KB cÖwZwôZ nq| eZ©gv‡b cwievimg~n gvbe mgv‡Ri mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| ïay Lv`¨ bq, mvwe©K wbivcËvi cÖ_g I cÖavb †K› ª n‡jv cwievi| †mœn, fv‡jvevmv, ˆbwZKZv, `vwqZ¡‡eva w`‡q myiw¶Z mKj cwievi| eqm I m¶gZv Abyhvqx cwiev‡ii m`mïv KvR fvM K‡i wb‡Zb|

KvR: `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i wb‡Pi cÖkœ `ywUi DËi ˆZwi Ki Ges †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki| 1| ¸nvq emevmKvix bvixiv Kxfv‡e K…wlKv‡Ri m~Pbv K‡iwQ‡jb? 2| cwievi MV‡b K…lvwY bvix Kxfv‡e f~wgKv †i‡LwQ‡jb?

wPÎ : gv evev I `ywU mšÍv‡bi myLx cwievi

K…wl Ges Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZ

K…wlwk¶v

3

cvV 2 : mgvR MV‡b K…wl

†Zvgiv wbðqB †`‡L _vK‡e †ewkifvM †¶‡Î K…lK gv‡Vi KvR K‡i dmj djvq| gvV †_‡K dmj msMÖn K‡i evwo Av‡bb| K…lvwY evwo‡Z Avbv dmj hZœ K‡i msi¶Y K‡ib| MÖv‡gi gwnjviv evwo evwo nvum-gyiwM cvjb K‡ib| †ewkifvM †¶‡Î cyi“‡liv Mevw`cïi Lvgvi, nuvm-gyiwMi Lvgvi K‡i K…wl Drcv`b K‡i _v‡Kb| gvwUi wRwbmcÎ ˆZwi K‡ib Kzgvi| †jvnvi wRwbmcÎ †hgb- `v, KuvwP, Kzovj BZ¨vw` ˆZwi K‡ib hviv Zv‡ì ejv nq Kvgvi|

Avw`hy‡M cwiev‡ii KvR¸‡jv m¶gZv I myweav Abyhvqx cwiev‡ii m`mïv Ki‡Zb| Gfv‡eB kªg wefvR‡bi myweav gvby‡li gv‡S ˆZwi n‡qwQj| mgvR MV‡b GB kªg wefvRb f~wgKv †i‡LwQj| w`‡b w`‡b cwiev‡ii AvKvi I msL¨v e„w× †c‡Z ïi“ Kij| gvbyl dm‡ji cwiPh©v K‡i djb e„w× Ki‡Z wkLj| dmj †ewkw`b msi¶Y K‡i ivLvi wewfbœ Dcv‡q AwfÁZv I `¶Zv AR©b Kij| d‡j K…wli cwiwa I cwimi e„w× †c‡Z _vKj| K…wl welqK Gme cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨ gvbyl Zv‡ì emevmmn wewfbœ Af¨v‡mi cwieZ©b K‡iwQj|

gvbyl Avi ¸nvq bv †_‡K cwi‡ek †_‡K gvwU, euvk, KvV, cvZv eënvi K‡i Ni-evwo ˆZwi Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij| Gfv‡e †ekwKQy cwiev‡ii emZevwo wg‡j MÖv‡gi cËb nq| K…wli Kvi‡YB gvbyl †ewk †ewk cwi‡ek m‡PZb n‡Z _vKj| FZzP‡µi Dci dmj Drcv`b †h wbf©ikxj GUv wkLj| †Kvb FZz‡Z †Kvb dmj Drcv`b Kiv hvq Zv eySj| d‡j Drcv`b ª“ZB evo‡Z jvMj| K…wlKvR Ges cwiev‡ii bvbv Avbylw½K wRwb‡mi cÖ‡qvRb Abyfe K‡i Zv Drcv`‡b wKQy †jvK Ab¨‡ì PvB‡Z `¶Zvi cwiPq †Ìqvq kªg wefvRb n‡jv| Kz‡gvi gvwUi nuvwo-cvwZj, Kvgvi avZehš¿ ˆZwi Ki‡Z jvMj| Gfv‡eB mevB‡K wb‡q mgvR MwVZ n‡jv|

GB ai‡bi mgvR‡KB b„-weÁvbxMY Avw` K…wl mgvR e‡j‡Qb| mgv‡Ri mevB hvi hvi mva¨g‡Zv Drcv`‡b AskMÖnY Ki‡Zb Ges Pvwn`vg‡Zv †fvM Ki‡Zb| Drcv`b †¶Î Ges cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì Dci mevi mgvb AwaKvi wQj| MÖvg¸‡jvi wbivcËv weavb mevB wg‡j Ki‡Zb| MÖvgxY GB Avw` mgv‡R mgm¨vI wQj cÖPzi| G mgv‡Ri gvby‡liv cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †_‡K ïi“ K‡i dmj webó nIqv Ggb bvbv mgm¨v mevB wg‡j HKg‡Zï wfwË‡Z mgvavb Ki‡Zb| GgbwK ¸i“Zi cvwievwiK mgm¨v¸‡jvI mvgvwRKfv‡e mgvavb Ki‡Zb| Rxeb‡K µgvMZ mnR I my›ì KivB wQj mevi mg‡eZ AvKv•¶v Avw` mgv‡R HKg‡Zï wfwË‡Z mgvRcÖavb wbe©vwPZ n‡Zb| wZwb HwZn¨ I cÖ_v Abyhvqx mgv‡Ri Kv‡Ri mgš^qmvab Ki‡Zb|

Avgiv †`LwQ gvbyl Zvi eyw× I kªg w`‡q K…wl‡K GKwU cÖavb Drcv`b eë¯’v wn‡m‡e M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| K…wl‡K DbœZ †_‡K DbœZZi Ki‡Q| K…wli cwiwa I cwimi µgvMZ evwo‡q Zzj‡Q| ZvB K…wl Drcv`b eë¯’v gvby‡li g‡a¨ bvbv gvbweK I mvgvwRK cwieZ©b Avbq‡b Pvwn`v ˆZwi K‡i P‡j‡Q| G Kvi‡Y ejv hvq †h gvby‡li g‡a¨ gvbweK ¸Yvewj I g~j¨‡eva cÖwZôv Ki‡ZI ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q| Avgvi †P‡q Avgvi cwievi eo, cwiev‡ii

wPÎ : mvgvwRK êVK

4

†P‡q mgvR eo G g~j¨‡evaI Avw` mgv‡Ri wbKU n‡Z G‡m‡Q| G g~j¨‡eva bv _vK‡j K…wl mgvR AMÖmi n‡Z cviZ bv|

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cvV 3 : K…wli Dci gvby‡li wbf©ikxjZv KvR : wb‡Pi †Kvb K…wlR DcKiY †_‡K †Kvb `ªe¨vw` Drcbœ nq Zv evQvB K‡i LvZvq wjL| K…wlR DcKiY : Drcbœ ªe¨vw` : avb, Zzjv, cvU, Lo/bvov, euv‡ki UzK‡iv, imyb, Kv‡jvwRiv, Zzjmx, N„ZKzgvwi| (Aloevera)

Pvj, wPov, gywo, myZv, Kvco, myZwj, PU, gv_vj, N‡ii g‡Wj, imy‡bi im/U¨ve‡jU, Kv‡jvwRiv †Zj/bvB‡Rjv K¨vcmyj, Zzjmxi im/Kvwki Jla, G¨v‡jv‡fivhy³ mvevb I Km‡gwUKm|

Lv`¨ : Avgv‡ì †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ Lv`¨ GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb| Lv‡`ï Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨B K…wli DrcwË n‡qwQj|

GL‡bv Avgv‡ì †`‡k K…wli cÖavb j¶¨ Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©b Kiv| gvby‡li Rxeb euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvRb| Avi Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e gvbyl K…wli Dci wbf©ikxj|

wPÎ : wbg wPÎ : N„ZKzgvwi wPÎ : Zzjmx


K…wlwk¶v

5

e¯¿ : e¯¿ Drcv`‡bi cÖavb KuvPvgvj Avuk dmj| Zzjv I cvU Avgv‡ì cÖavb Avuk dmj| cïi Pvgov I ckg w`‡qI e¯¿ ˆZwi nq| Avuk dmj Drcv`‡b K…wl I K…l‡Ki eo f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| cwi‡ekevÜe I ¯^v¯’¨ i¶vq Dc‡hvMx e‡j wek¦e¨vcx Avuk dm‡ji Dci gvbyl wbf©ikxj n‡”Q| Avgv‡ì †`‡kI Zzjv Drcv`b GjvKv cÖwZeQi †e‡o P‡j‡Q| evm¯’vb : mviv c„w_exRy‡oB we‡kl K‡i MÖvgxY evm¯’vb GL‡bv eûjvs‡k K…wlwbf©i| ïay evm¯’vbB bq, †mLv‡b eënvh© Avmevec‡Îi wbg©vY mvgMÖxI †hvMvb †`q K…lK| ¯^v¯’¨ : ¯^v¯’¨ i¶vq mylg Lv`¨ Acwinvh©| GB mylg Lv‡`ï †hvMvb †`q K…wl| AwZ cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB gvbyl †ivMe¨wa wbivg‡q Jlwa Dw™¢‡ì Dci wbf©ikxj| GB wfwË‡Z evsjv‡`‡k †flR, Avqy‡e©` I BDbvbx wPwKrmvkv¯¿ cÖmvi jvf Kivq GB mKj Jlwa Mv‡Qi PvlI cÖmvi jvf K‡i| ZvB K…wl I K…l‡Ki Ae`vbI cÖmvwiZ nq| bvbv Kvi‡Y ¯^v¯’¨ i¶vq eZ©gv‡b Jlwa MvQcvjv eënv‡ii cÖeYZv evo‡Q| GB mKj Jlwa Mv‡Qi PvlI ZvB evo‡Q I jvfRbK n‡”Q| G‡ì g‡a¨ G¨v‡jv‡fiv (N„ZKzgvwi), w÷wfqv, Kv‡jvwRiv, imyb G¸‡jv †Zv †ek L¨vwZ jvf K‡i‡Q| wPiZv, je½ Ggb Av‡iv A‡bK Pvl‡hvM¨ Jlwa ¸j¥, jZv, e„‡¶i GKUv eo ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kiv hvq| gvV I D`¨vb dm‡ji †ivM-evjvB wPwKrmvq I cÖwZ‡iv‡a wbg I G¨vjvgÛv Mv‡Qi cvZvi im Ges imy‡bi i‡mi eënvi mydj`vqK cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| GB mKj Dw™¢ RvZ Jl‡ai eo ¸Y n‡”Q G¸‡jv cvk¦©cÖwZwµqvgy³ Ges cwi‡ekevÜe| we‡bv`b : K…wl Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZi GKwU eo Ask| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki FZz êwP‡Îï g‡ZvB Avgv‡ì mvs¯‹…wZK êwPÎ¨ Ges we‡bv`‡bi m‡½ K…wl I K…l‡Ki m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| cwj−MxwZ, Rvwimvwi, fvwUqvwj, KweMvb, hvÎvcvjv m„wó‡Z K…wl I K…wl mgv‡Ri Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| dmj Drcv`b cÖwµqvi RwUj KvR K…lKiv `j †eu‡a fvIqvBqv, fvwUqvwj, Rvwimvwi MvB‡Z MvB‡Z Avb‡›ì mv‡_ K‡i _v‡Kb| bev‡bœ bZzb Pv‡ji wcVv ˆZwii ayg c‡o hvq|

cvV- 4 : K…wlR Drcv`‡b êwPÎ¨

evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z êwPÎ¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Dw™¢ I cÖvwY‰ewPÎ¨ eûgvwÎK| wewfbœ km¨, dzj, dj, kvK, mewR, wbg©vY mvgMÖx, Zš—y, Jla cÖf„wZ Drcv`b Kiv hvq G †`‡k| Aciw`‡K iKgvwi cï-cvwL I dmj êwP‡ÎÏ Avgv‡ì †`k wcwQ‡q †bB| gvsm, `ya, wWg BZ¨vw` cÖvwYR c‡YÏ ficyi Avgv‡ì †`k|

wPÎ : K…wl Drcv`‡b cY¨ êwPÎ¨

K…wl

`ya-wWg

Pvgov

cvU

dj

mewR I gmjv

†Zj I R¡vjvwb

wbg©vY mvgMÖx

gvQ-gvsm

Avuk (Zš‘)

6

gvV dm‡j êwPÎ¨

†Lvjv †¶‡Z †h mKj dmj Drcv`b Kiv hvq G‡ì mvaviYfv‡e gvV dmj ejv nq| avb, Mg, AvL, wewfbœ iKg Wvj gvV dm‡ji D`vniY| G Qvov Avjy, †cuqvR, imyb, gwiP, njy`, Av`v G¸‡jvI gvV dmj| mviv c„w_ex‡Z GKgvÎ Avgv‡ì †`‡kB cvU Drcbœ nq| AZx‡Z G cvU‡K †mvbvwj Auvk ejv n‡Zv| KviY cvU ißvwb K‡i cÖPzi ê‡`wkK gy ªv AR©b Kiv †hZ| eZ©gv‡b Avevi cvU Drcv`‡bi †¶Î e„w× cv‡”Q| Avkv Kiv hvq Aí mg‡qB cvU Avgv‡ì RvZxq Drcv`b I A_©‰bwZK mg„w×‡Z m¤§vbRbK ¯’vb `Lj Ki‡e| GB cvU gvV dm‡ji cÖK…ó D`vniY| dmj êwP‡Î¨ Avgv‡ì †`k LyeB mg„×| av‡bi †`k evsjv‡`‡k cÂvk eQi Av‡MI cÖvq yBkZ Rv‡Zi avb Rb¥v‡Zv| K…wli AvaywbKvq‡bi Kvi‡YI dmj êwPÎ¨ Kg‡Z cv‡i| mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡YI dmj êwPÎ¨ Kgvi D`vniY Avgv‡ì †`‡k Av‡Q| †hgb D”P djbkxj Rv‡Zi e¨vcK Pvlvev` Ki‡Z wM‡q A‡bK Rv‡Zi avb nvwi‡q †M‡Q| bvbv Rv‡Zi Kvc©vm Zzjv evsjv‡`‡k gvÎ GKkZ eQi Av‡M Rb¥v‡Zv| m~² GKcÖKvi Kvc©vm Zzjv G‡`‡k Rb¥v‡Zv hv w`‡q wek¦weL¨vZ gmwjb Kvco Drcv`b Kiv †h‡Zv| GB Zzjvi RvZwU m¤¢eZ c„w_ex †_‡KB wejyß n‡q‡Q| hwÌ wewfbœ cÖKvi Zzjv Drcv`b Avgv‡ì †`‡k Avevi †e‡o P‡j‡Q| cÖwZ eQi c„w_exi wewfbœ †`k †_‡K bvbv m~‡Î bZzb bZzb Dw™¢`, Z_v dzj, dj, mewR G †`‡k Avm‡Q| Gme bZzb MvQcvjv Avgv‡ì gvV dm‡ji mv‡_ mv‡_ D`¨vb dmj I mvgvwRK ebe„‡¶i êwPÎÏ evov‡”Q|

cvV-5 : D`¨vb dm‡ji êwPÎ¨

dj

dj dzj kvK mewR D`¨vb dm‡ji g‡a¨ we‡ewPZ|

KuvVvj Avgv‡ì RvZxq dj| eb¨vi cvwb R‡g bv Ggb DuPz GjvKvq K‡Zv wewPÎ ai‡bi KuvVvj Rb¥vq G †`‡k Zvi wnmve GL‡bv Kiv nqwb| KuvVv‡ji ciB RbwcÖq dj n‡”Q Avg, Avbvim| G mKj djI Avgv‡ì †`‡k cÖPzi Drcvw`Z nq| Kgjv, Kjv, Kzj I K`‡e‡ji êwPÎÏ †Pv‡L covi g‡Zv| Kjv I †cu‡c mviv eQi cvIqv hvq| †ewkifvM dj †gŠmywg| we‡kl K‡i ˆR¨ô gvm‡K gay gvm ejv nq KviY †`kxq bvbv mywgó d‡ji êwP‡Î¨ G gvmwU ficyi _v‡K| GQvovI Avgv‡ì †`‡k bvbv ai‡bi I ¯^v` M‡Üi †jey Pvl nq| m¤cÖwZ Avgv‡ì †`‡k we‡`wk dj ÷ª‡ewii Pvl †ewk RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i‡Q| Avgv‡ì gvwU I Rjevqy G dj Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx|

mewR I kvK

mKj FZz‡Z iKgvwi mewR Drcvw`Z nq G †`‡k| we‡kl K‡i kxZKvj ev iwe †gŠmy‡g Drcvw`Z mewRi êwPÎ¨ LyeB †e‡o hvq| kv‡Ki êwPÎ¨ G †`‡k Kg bq| wKQy wKQy K…wl dmj Av‡Q hv GKw`‡K kvK-mewR Aciw`‡K A_©Kix dmj| cvU PvivMvQ _vKv Ae¯’vq GwU Ab¨Zg my ^v y kvK A_P c~Y© eqmKv‡j cvU Zš—y dmj Ges cvUKvwV n‡jv wbg©vY mvgMÖx I R¡vjvwb dmj|

dzj

AwfRvZ †Mvjvc †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Muv`v, †ewj, hyuB BZ¨vw` kZ kZ iK‡gi dzj Rb¥vq G †`‡k| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki mKj dz‡ji bvg Rv‡bb I †P‡bb Ggb gvbyl weij| GK mgq `y-PviwU dz‡ji MvQ †bB Ggb M„n¯’evwo Lyu‡R cvIqv wQj fvi| G Rb¨B nq‡Zv m¤cÖwZ G †`‡k cY¨ wn‡m‡e dzj †Kbv‡ePv Pvjy n‡q‡Q| dzj Dcnvi †c‡j mš—yó nq bv Ggb gvbyl weij| dzj Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZi Avb›`gq Ask| bMivq‡Yi Pv‡c dzj jvfRbK cY¨


K…wlwk¶v

7

n‡q ùvov‡bv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z µgk dzj Drcv`b I wecYb e„w× cv‡”Q| GgbwK we‡`‡kI dzj ißvwb Kiv n‡”Q|

gmjv : Dò-Av ª© AÂ‡j Ae¯’vb e‡j Avgiv gmjvwcÖq RvwZ| Avgv‡ì †`‡k gwiP, njy`, †cuqvR, imyb, Av`v, †ZRcvZv, a‡b BZ¨vw` iKgvwi gmjv Drcvw`Z nq |

R¡vjvwb : evsjv‡`‡k R¡vjvwbi †hvMvbI K…wl‡¶Î †_‡K Av‡m| wewfbœ D`¨vb dmj cvU I Wvj dm‡ji MvQ ïwK‡q R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv hvq| avb fvbvi ci DcRvZ Zzl GKwU fv‡jv R¡vjvwb| GQvov D`¨vb I ebR e„‡¶i KvVI R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e RbwcÖq|

†fvR¨‡Zj : mwilv Avgv‡ì D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †Zj dmj| MZ K‡qK `kK hver m~h©gyLx, mqvwebI †Zj dmj wn‡m‡e RbwcÖqZv †c‡q‡Q| m¤cÖwZ Pv‡ji Kzuov †_‡K evwYwR¨Kfv‡e †Zj Drcv`b n‡”Q|

Ab¨vb¨ †Zj : wPbvev`vg, m~h©gyLx BZ¨vw` †ZjexR dmj I HwZnvwmK Kvj †_‡KB †`‡ki K…wl êwP‡Îï A½|

Jlwa : wbg, Zzjmx, G¨v‡jv‡fiv, kZg~jx n‡jv Jlwa Dw™¢ | GQvov imyb, njy , Kv‡jvwRiv, je½ Jla I cÖmvabx ˆZwii KuvPvgvj| GQvov n‡iK iK‡gi Jlwa Dw™¢` mg„× Avgv‡ì †`k|

wbg©vY mvgMÖx : euvk, KvV, †eZ BZ¨vw` wbg©vY mvgMÖxi êwPÎÏ G‡`‡k †ek i‡q‡Q|

wk‡íi KuvPvgvj : wewfbœ cÖKvi KvV, cvU, Zzjv, bxj, AvMi BZ¨vw` Dw™¢ Ges cïi Pvgov, wks, nvo BZ¨vwÌ wk‡íi KuvPvgvj I K…wl êwP‡Îï Ask|

KvR : `jxq Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wewfbœ cÖKvi D`¨vb dm‡ji bv‡gi ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖKvi dm‡ji D`vniY I 2wU K‡i eënvi ej|

cvV 6 : K…wl‡Z cÖvwYR Drcv`‡bi êwPÎ¨ gvQ : evsjv‡`k b`x, Lvj, wej, nvIi-euvI‡oi †`k| d‡j cÖvK…wZKfv‡eB wgVv cvwbi gv‡Qi êwPÎäb¨ GB †`k| nq‡Zvev G Kvi‡YB evOvwji Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq gvQ GKwU wcÖq e¯‘| evOvwji GKwU cwiPq Ôgv‡Q-fv‡Z evOvwjÕ| gvQ cvjb I Drcv`b ZvB Avgv‡ì K…wli GKwU AwZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Aa¨vq| cyKzimn wewfbœ Rjvk‡q gvQ Pvl jvfRbKI e‡U| Pvl Kiv gv‡Qi m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ Drcv`b wn‡m‡e ZvB Ôwdk wdWÕ bvgK GKwU mnvqK K…wl wkíI M‡o D‡V‡Q|

†`‡ki ˆ`bw›`b gv‡Qi Pvwn`vi GKwU eo Ask GLb Pvl Kiv gvQ †_‡K Av‡m| GUv fwel¨‡Z µgvMZ evo‡Z _vK‡e e‡jB we‡klÁ‡ì aviYv| cÖ_g cÖ_g i“B, KvZj, g„‡Mj RvZxq gvQ Pvl n‡Zv| hZB w`b hv‡”Q GB wPÎwU e`‡j hv‡”Q| MZ K‡qK eQi hver cwigv‡Yi w`K †_‡K Ges evRv‡i mnRcÖvc¨Zvi w`K †_‡K cv½vk Ges †Zjvwcqv gvQ RbwcÖq| Pvl‡hvM¨ gv‡Qi wgwQ‡j †hvM w`‡q‡Q cve`v, ˆK, gv¸i, gjv BZ¨vw` my ^v`y gvQ| we‡kl K‡i we‡`‡k ißvwbi Rb¨ Pvl Kiv nq †ek K‡qK Rv‡Zi wPswo| AvRKvj wgVv cvwb‡ZI Mj`v wPswo Pvl Kiv n”Q|

wPÎ : wPswo

wPÎ : ˆK gvQ

8

KuvKov : Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e KuvKov evsjv‡`‡k RbwcÖq bv n‡jI ißvwbi Rb¨ †`‡ki †ek wKQy AÂ‡j evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Gi Drcv`b n‡”Q|

gyiwM I wWg : Lvgv‡i gyiwM Drcv`b Avgv‡ì †`‡k we‡kl K‡i ¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡K we‡kl ¸i“Z¡ †c‡q‡Q| Aek¨ M„n¯’ cwiev‡i gyiwM I wWg Drcv`‡bi HwZn¨ eûKv‡ji| †`wk gyiwMi gvsm my¯^v y wKš—y wWg Kg †`q| Lvgv‡i gvsm I wWg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †hgb gyiwMi c„_K RvZ eënvi nq †Zgwb cvjb c×wZI wfbœ|

Ab¨vb¨ cvwL : jvfRbK A_©vr evwYwR¨K wfwË‡Z KeyZi cvjb G †`‡k A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB RbwcÖq| eZ©gv‡b †Kv‡qj I †Kv‡q‡ji wWg Drcv`b K…lK‡ì `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q|

nuvm I nuv‡mi wWg : nvIi, euvIo, wej GjvKvq †Zv e‡UB G QvovI mviv †`‡kB †hLv‡b cyKzi‡Wvev A_©vr cvwb Av‡Q †mLv‡bB nuvm Pvl K…lK cwiev‡i RbwcÖq| bvbv Rv‡Zi nuvm Pvl Kiv nq G‡ì g‡a¨ ÔLvwK K¨v‡¤^jÕ RvZxq nuvm wWg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ RbwcÖq|

QvMj : hvei KvUv cï‡ì g‡a¨ M„ncvwjZ cÖvYx wnmv‡e G †`‡k QvMj †ek RbwcÖq| gvs‡mi I Pvgovi Rb¨B QvMj cvjb Kiv nq| bvbv Rv‡Zi QvMj †cvlv n‡jI mePvB‡Z RbwcÖq G‡`kxq RvZwUi bvg Ôe− vK †e½jÕ| GwU gvSvwi AvKvi I kvšÍ ¯^fv‡ii cÖvYx|Gi gvsm LyeB my¯^v`y |

†fov : mviv †`‡k †fov †`L‡Z cvIqv †M‡jI †`‡ki wKQy wKQy GjvKvq evwYwR¨Kfv‡e †fovi Pvl nq| †fovi gvsm †cÖvwU‡bi Afve †gUvq|

Mi“ : cï cvjK‡ì mePvB‡Z wcÖq cï n‡jv Mi“| Gi cvjb m¤¢eZ K…wl mf¨Zvi †Mvov †_‡K| Mi“i m‡½ K…l‡Ki †hb AvwZ¥K m¤úK©| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’vbxq Mi“i RvZ¸‡jv AvKv‡i †QvU n‡jI Gi Lv`¨ Pvwn`v Kg Ges †ek †ivM-evjvB mwnòz| fvi‡Zi wewfbœ AÂ‡ji Mi“I we‡kl K‡i †ewk ya Drcv`‡bi Kvi‡Y G †`‡k jvjb-cvjb Kiv nq| GKB Kvi‡Y A‡óªwjqv-wbDwRj¨v‡Ûi `y‡aj Mi“ G‡`‡ki Lvgvwi‡ì Kv‡Q wcÖq n‡q‡Q|

gwnl : Mi“i g‡Zv gwnlI G‡`‡k AÂjwe‡k‡l RbwcÖq| gwn‡li ya Nb nIqvq `wa I wgóvbœ wk‡í Gi we‡kl Avì i‡q‡Q| bvbv Rv‡Zi gwnl G‡`‡k †`Lv hvq|

QvMj, †fov, Mi“ gwn‡li gvsm, ya, Pvgov, ckg QvovI G‡ì wks I nvo eënvi K‡i bvbv wkí-KviLvbvq wewfbœ cY¨ Drcvw`Z nq|

bvwZkx‡Zvò AÂ‡ji b`x we‡aŠZ †`k wn‡m‡e G †`‡ki K…wlR Drcv`b êwPÎ¨ A‡bK| G¸‡jvi h_vh_ jvjb, msi¶Y I eënvi GB wbPz Av‡qi †`kwUi D¾¡j fwel¨‡Zi Bw½Z K‡i|

KvR : `jMZ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì †`‡ki K…wlR cÖvYxi bv‡gi ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki| †Zvgv‡ì GjvKvq †Kvb †Kvb cÖvYxi Pvl nq ev cvjb Kiv nq †m¸‡jvi bvg I ¸iyZ¡ wjL|

wPÎ : gyiwM

wPÎ : QvMj


K…wlwk¶v

9

cvV- 7 : K…wl cwi‡ek, evsjv‡`‡ki FZzPµ I K…wlR Drcv`b

evsjv‡`‡ki FZzPµ I K…wlR Drcv`b

evsjv‡`k Qq FZzi †`k| G †`‡k FZz wbi‡c¶ dj wn‡m‡e Kjv I †cu‡ci bvg D‡j−L Kiv hvq| euvk, KvV, †eZ Qvov cÖvq cÖwZwU gvV I D`¨vb dmj FZzwbf©i| B`vbxs mviv eQi †fv³vi Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z K…wlweÁvbxiv FZz wbi‡c¶ dm‡ji RvZ D™¢ve‡b M‡elYv Pvjv‡”Qb| †ek wKQy FZz wbi‡c¶ dj, dzj, kvK-mewR I gvV dmj B‡Zvg‡a¨B K…lK ch©v‡q G‡m‡Q| fwel¨‡Z Gi msL¨v ª“ZB evo‡e Avkv Kiv hvq| AvDk avb wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ avb¸‡jv QvovI evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU D™¢vweZ †ek wKQy ÔweªÕ avb FZz wbi‡c¶| cvU wèv ˆ`‡N©ï Dci Lye †ewk wbf©ikxj e‡j ˆPÎ gv‡mi gvSvgvwS †_‡K êkvL gv‡mi gvSvgvwS ch©šÍ Aek¨B eyb‡Z nq| dvM−y‡bi ïi“‡ZB †ev‡iv avb Gi exRZjvq exR MRv‡Z nq, dvêy‡bi †kl mßvn †_‡K ˆP‡Îi gvSvgvwS ch©š—gv‡V Pviv †ivcY K‡i †dj‡Z nq|

evRv‡i Pvwn`v _vKvq GLb mviv eQi cvUkvK, a‡b cvZv, cyuB kvK, WvUv kvK, jvj kvK, jvD, Kzgov, cUj, †Xuok, U‡g‡Uv BZ¨vw` mewR Drcv`‡bi cwigvY evo‡Q|

gvwU : evsjv‡`‡ki b`x AeevwnKv¸‡jv‡Z †e‡j-† uvAvk gvwUi cÖvavb¨ _vK‡jI †ek wKQy DuPz AÂj Av‡Q hvi gvwU jvj‡P I Gu‡Uj| Avevi nvIi AÂj¸‡jv‡Z Kv‡jv, ˆRe c`v_©hy³ gvwUi cÖvavb¨ †`Lv hvq| GB gvwU eQ‡ii GKUv wbw ©ó mgq c−vweZ _v‡K| gvwUi cv_©‡Kï cÖfv‡e K…wlI êwPÎ¨Zv cvq|

K…wl †gŠmyg : Mo we‡ePbvq cÖavb `ywU K…wl †gŠmyg A_©vr iwe I Lwic _vK‡jI AvenvIqvi ZviZ‡gï Kvi‡Y GLv‡b AviI 4wU FZz A_©vr †gvU QqwU FZzi cÖKvk Av‡Q hvi cÖfveI K…wl‡Z êwPÎ¨ m„wói Ab¨Zg wbqvgK| GB †`‡k d‡ji êwPÎ¨ I cÖvPzh© MÖx®§Kv‡j-ˆR¨ô gv‡m| ZvB GwU gaygvm| Avevi kvK-mewRi cÖvPzh© kxZKv‡j ev iwe †gŠmy‡g|

b„-ZvwË¡K cwi‡ek : K_vq Av‡Q evsjv‡`‡k bvbv Rv‡Zi gvbyl G‡m w¯’Zz n‡q‡Q| ÔkK ûb `j cvVvb †gvMj GK †`‡n jxbÕ n‡q evOvwj RvwZ MwVZ n‡q‡Q Avwèvmx‡ì m‡½ wg‡j| ZvB Gu‡ì mvs¯‹…wZK HwZ‡n¨ †hgb êwPÎ¨ i‡q‡Q †Zgwb Lv`¨vf¨vm, mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©Kv‡ÊI êwPÎ¨ i‡q‡Q hvi cÖfv‡e G †`‡ki K…wlI êwPÎ¨gq n‡q‡Q| Drcv`b c×wZ †_‡K Drcvw`Z dm‡jiI ZvB êwPÎ¨ j¶Yxq|

evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vbMZ cwi‡ek

evsjv‡`k c„w_exi bvwZkx‡Zvò AÂ‡j Aew¯’Z| `w¶‡Y e‡½vcmvMi †_‡K RjR †gNgvjv Drcbœ n‡q †gŠmywg evqyevwnZ n‡q DË‡ii wngvjq cve©Z¨ AÂ‡j evav †c‡q cÖPzi e„wó Sivq| Avevi GB ce©Zgvjv †`qv‡ji g‡Zv kxZKv‡j mvB‡ewiqvi wngkxZj evqy cÖevn AvU‡K †`q, d‡j kxZI Kg nq|G Kvi‡YB Avgv‡ì †`k Rxe‰ewPÎ¨, we‡kl K‡i Dw™¢ êwP‡Îi †`k wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|

10

KvR : `jxq Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY Ki Ges Zv †kªwY‡Z `jMZfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki| µwgK bs wewfbœ avZzi bvg Drcvw`Z dm‡ji bvg

1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6|

cvV 8 : evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl I ms¯‹…wZ

bevbœ Drme

nvofvOv LvUzwb, cÖvK…wZK y‡h©v‡Mi DrKÉv, jyÉbKvwi jvwVqvj‡ì jyUcv‡Ui k¼v, †ivM-evjvB, c½cv‡ji AvµgY I gnvgvixi DrKÉvi ci hLb, we‡kl K‡i avb dmj †K‡U Avcb evwoi Avw½bvq G‡b R‡ov K‡i ZLb K…lK cwiev‡ii Avevj e„× ewbZvi g‡b †h Lywki c −veb Wv‡K Zvi Zzjbv nq bv| K…lK-K…lvwYi †Pv‡L-gy‡L dz‡U I‡V w`wM¦R‡qi Avb›` I Me©| D`viZvi †eM Abyfe K‡ib †hb Zviv, w`j ìvR n‡q c‡ob| GKUvB gvÎ D‡ØM gv‡S-g‡a¨ QvqvcvZ K‡i g‡b| G avb gvovB K‡i †S‡o ïwK‡q †Mvjvq Zzj‡Z mgq cvIqv hv‡e †Zv? hZ `ª“Z m¤¢e G mKj KvR K‡i †dj‡Z e¨¯Í n‡q c‡ob Zviv| Iw`‡K †g‡qiv †XuwK wb‡q e¨¯Í nq bZzb avb †f‡b Pvj Kiv, bZzb Pvj u‡ov Kivq| bZzb Pv‡ji M‡Ü M„n¯’ evwo f‡i I‡V|

bZzb Pv‡ji fv‡Zi cvkvcvwk bZzb Pv‡ji cv‡qm, wcVv-cywj ˆZwi n‡Z _v‡K| evwoi Kvgjv †Q‡jiv bZzb jyw½-†MwÄ cvq, Kv‡Ri †g‡qiv cvq bZzb kvwo, Pzwo, †jm-wdZv| evwo‡Z e‡mB bZzb avb w`‡q †Kbv hvq Gme †dwiIqvjv‡ì KvQ †_‡K| Lvwj nv‡Z †KD wd‡i hvq bv- wf¶zKI bv| Drm‡e †g‡Z I‡V mevB| bZzb fv‡Zi Drme-bevbœ Drme|

bevbœ Drme †Kv‡bv we‡kl †Mvôxi Drme _v‡K bv| mevi Drme GUv| K‡e G Drme n‡e Zv Aek¨ wbf©i K‡i †Kvb GjvKvq n‡”Q, †Kvb dmj n‡”Q Zvi Dci| hw` †ev‡iv avb nq Zvn‡j êkv‡L n‡Z cv‡i KviY G mgq †ev‡iv avb N‡i Av‡m| G †¶‡Î bevbœ Drme Avi bee‡l©i Drme wg‡jwg‡k †h‡Z cv‡i| hw` Avgb avb nq Zvn‡j kvi`xq Drm‡ei m‡½ wg‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| Drm‡ei NbNUv Dfq †¶‡ÎB eû¸Y †e‡o hvq|

evsjv beel©

c‡njv êkvL evsjv beel©| K…wl-ms¯‹…wZi GKwU cÖvPxb AvPvi †_‡K GB Drm‡ei cËb aviYv Kiv nq| MÖvgxY evsjv‡`‡k ÔAvgvwbÕ bv‡g GKwU cvwievwiK Drme Pvjy wQj| cÖwZ eQi ˆPÎ msµvwš—i w`bMZ iv‡Z A_©vr c‡njv

wPÎ : bevbœ


K…wlwk¶v

11

êkv‡Li Av‡Mi iv‡Z evwoi M„wnYx GKwU N‡U cvwb †X‡j Zv‡Z KwP GKwU Avg cvZvi Wvj †i‡L w`‡Zb| Avi †mB N‡U wKQy AvZc Pvj †Q‡o †Ìqv n‡Zv| c‡njv êkv‡Li mKv‡j †mB Avg cvZvi WvjwU N‡Ui cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q †mB cvwb mevi kix‡i wQwU‡q †Ìqv n‡Zv Avi N‡U †fRv‡bv Pvj wKQyUv K‡i †L‡Z †`qv n‡Zv| M„nKZ©v GB Pvj †L‡q †¶‡Z nvj Pvl Ki‡Z †h‡Zb| g‡b Kiv n‡Zv G‡Z dm‡ji †Kv‡bv Ag½j n‡e bv| GB welqwU cieZ©x Kv‡j evsjv beel© Drm‡ei GKwU Ask n‡q hvq|

evsjv beel© Drm‡ei Av‡iKwU Ask n‡jv †gjv| ˆPÎ msµvwš—i w`‡b Ges c‡njv êkvL mKv‡j †gjv em‡Zv| GB †gjv †_‡KB MÖv‡gi gvbyl nuvwo-Szwo, `v-Kv‡¯Í †_‡K ïi“ K‡i msmv‡ii hveZxq ˆZRmcÎ wKb‡Zv| c‡i Rwg`vwi Avg‡j Rwg`viiv LvRbv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ eQ‡ii cÖ_g w`‡b Zuv‡ì evwo‡Z Drme Ki‡Zb| cÖRviv LvRbv w`‡q wgwógy‡L Avc¨vwqZ n‡Zb| nvU evRv‡ii †`vKvwbivI cqjv êkvL Avc¨vqb Ki‡Zb Zuv‡ì MÖvnK-L‡Ïi‡ì| L‡Ïiiv evwK cvIbv cwi‡kva K‡i wgwógy‡L Avc¨vwqZ n‡Zb| GB Abyôv‡bi Av‡iK bvg wQj nvjLvZv|

bee‡l©i Av‡qvR‡b hvÎvcvjv, KweMvb I †Ljvayjvi Av‡qvRbI hy³ n‡Zv| GLbI nq|

MÖvg¨ †gjv :

bevbœ Drm‡ei Ask wn‡m‡e †cŠl gv‡m MÖvg¨ †gjv em‡Zv hv GLbI Pvjy Av‡Q| Gme †gjvq †hgb bvbv cÖ‡qvRbxq ˆZRmcÎ wb‡q cmvwiiv wewµ Ki‡Z e‡m †Zgwb GLv‡b Zuv‡Zi Kvco, jyw½, MvgQv, Pzwo, †g‡qwj cÖmvawb, Kvgvi-Kzgv‡ii bvbv avZe ev gvwUi wRwbmcÎ, eBcÎ, cvwU wewµi Rb¨ I‡V| we‡bv`‡biI bvbv Av‡qvRb †`Lv hvq| ivZfi P‡j hvÎv ev cvjvMvb| GB me †gjvq `~i- ~ivšÍ †_‡K gvbyl Av‡m| GB †gjv¸‡jv MÖvgxY A_©‰bwZK mvgvwRK-mvs¯‹…wZK †gjv|

wPÎ : mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK †gjv

KvR : `jxq Av‡jvPbv Ki Ges †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki| 1| †Zvgv‡ì GjvKvi evsjv beel© Kxfv‡e cvjb Kiv nq? 2| †Zvgvi †`Lv GKwU MÖvg¨ †gjvi eY©bv `vI|

12

Abykxjbx k~b¨¯’vb c~iY :

1. e¯¿ Drcv`‡bi cÖavb KuvPvgvj .............. dmj| 2. evsjv beel© Drm‡ei Av‡iKwU Ask n‡jv ..............| 3. dj, dzj, kvK mewR ............... dm‡ji g‡a¨ we‡ewPZ| 4. eqm I m¶gZv Abyhvqx cwiev‡ii m`mïv ................. fvM K‡i wb‡Zb| 5. K…wlKvR‡K †K› ª K‡i Avgv‡ì ........... I ........... MV‡bi m~Pbv n‡qwQj|

wgjKiY :

evgcvk Wvbcvk 1. K…wli m~Pbv K‡i‡Qb Lv`¨ 2. evsjv‡`‡ki Dw™¢ I cÖvYxi bvixiv 3. Zzjv I cvU Avgv‡ì cÖavb cyiyliv 4. gvwUi cv_©‡Kï cÖfv‡e K…wlI Avuk dmj 5. gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`v¸‡jvi cÖ_gwUB n‡”Q êwPÎ¨Zv cvq

êwPÎ¨ eûgvwÎK

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :

1. 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki Lv`¨ NvUwZ K‡Zv j¶ †gwUªK Ub wQj?

K. 10 L. 20 M. 30 N. 40

2. e¨vÊ`j ˆZwii wfwË ejv nq †Kvb Mvb‡K-

i. cwj−

ii. wnw›`

iii. we‡`wk

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 3 I 4 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Szgvi bvbv uwo uwo e„wói gv‡S Szwo fwZ© imvj djg~j wb‡q Zv‡ì evmvq G‡j AvKvk Kv‡jv †gN I ¸g¸g kã K‡i e„wó AviI †e‡o hvq|

3. Szgvi bvbv †Kvb FZz‡Z †eov‡Z Av‡mb?

K. MÖx®§ L. el©v M. kir N. †ngš—


K…wlwk¶v

13

Szgvi bvbvi d‡ji Szwo‡Z wQj-

i. Avg ii. †cu‡c iii. KuvVvj

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K. i L. i I ii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ:

1. ¶z ª eëmvwq iwdK eëmvq †jvKmvb K‡i kni †_‡K MÖv‡g wd‡i Av‡m| Qq m`‡mï cwiev‡ii ˆ`wbK Pvwn`v c~i‡Y iwd‡Ki wngwkg Ae¯’v| MÖv‡g K…wlR m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ Zvi †QvÆ GKwU emZevwo Qvov gvSvwi GKwU cyKzi I 50 kZvsk dmwj Rwg Av‡Q| G Ae¯’vq PvPv AvjZvd gv÷v‡ii civgk©g‡Zv †m Zvi GKwU K…wlR m¤ú` eënv‡ii D‡`¨vM †bq| G‡Z †m cwiev‡ii ˆ`bw›`b cÖvwYR Avwg‡li Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi cvkvcvwk evwYwR¨Kfv‡eI jvfevb nq| cieZx© mg‡q †m Zvi Ab¨vb¨ K…wlR m¤ú` eënv‡iiI D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i|

K. K…wl‡K †ckv wn‡m‡e †bIqvi Av‡M gvbyl KqwU Dcv‡q Lv`¨ msMÖn KiZ?

L. Kjv‡K FZz wbi‡c¶ dj ejvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. iwdK †h Dcv‡q Zuvi K…wlR m¤ú` eënvi K‡i jvfevb n‡qwQj Zv eY©bv Ki|

N. iwdK K…wlR m¤ú` eënv‡ii †h D‡`¨vM¸‡jv MÖnY K‡i Zv Avgv‡ì Lv`¨ Pvwn`vi †cÖ¶vc‡U g~j¨vqb Ki|

2. †gvj −vi P‡i eveyj‡ì MÖv‡g f~-Mf©¯’ cvwbi ¯Íi wb‡P †b‡g hvIqvq Lvevi I K…wlKv‡R cvwbi ¯^íZv †`Lv †`q| MÖv‡g eveyjmn yÕGKRb Qvov mKj K…lKB cÖvq `wi`ª, ¯^í wkw¶Z Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ mn‡hvwMZvi fveI Kg| G‡Z Pvlvev` †_‡K wb‡R‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ me wKQz‡ZB Zviv cÖvqB †ivM-evjvB Øviv AvµvšÍ nq| eveyj‡ì D‡`¨v‡M mgevq I K…wl Kg©KZ©vi mnvqZvq MÖvgevmx D™¢~Z mgm¨v mgvav‡b Av`k© K…wl mgvR MV‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i Ges cvwbi ¯^íZv mgm¨vmn Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨v mgvav‡b mdj nq|

K. c‡njv êkv‡Li mKv‡j N‡Ui cvwb K…l‡Ki kix‡i wQwU‡q †Ìqv n‡Zv †Kb?

L. evsjv‡`k‡K bvwZkx‡Zvò AÂj ejvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. eveyj‡ì MÖv‡gi K…lKiv Kx ai‡bi mvgvwRK c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i cvwb mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. eveyj‡ì MÖv‡gi K…lK I dm‡ji ¯^v¯’¨MZ mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejvq Av`k© K…wl eë¯’vcbvi ¸i“Z¡ we‡k−lY Ki|

14

msw¶ß DËi cªkœ :

1. D`¨vb dmj Kx?

2. bevbœ Drme Kv‡K e‡j?

3. †gŠwjK Pvwn`v ej‡Z Kx †evS?

4. wWg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ RbwcÖq nuv‡mi bvg †jL|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :

1. MÖvg¨‡gjv Avgv‡ì †`‡ki ÔMÖvgxY A_©‰bwZK mvgvwRK mvs¯‹…wZK †gjvÕ, K_vwU e¨vL¨v Ki|

2. evsjv‡`‡k dmj êwP‡Îï AbyK~j KviY¸‡jvi D`vniYmn GKwU ZvwjKv `vI|

3. Avgv‡ì †`‡k bevbœ Drme GKwU K…wlwfwËK Drme e¨vL¨v Ki|

4. cwievi I mgvR MV‡b K…wli f~wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki|


K…wlwk¶v

15

wØZxq Aa¨vq

K…wl cÖhyw³ Avgiv cÖhyw³i hy‡M evm KiwQ| Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡ÎB Avgiv AvaywbK cÖhyw³ eënvi KiwQ| K…wlKvR GKwU êÁvwbK KvR| GB KvR‡K mnR Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK cÖhyw³i D™¢veb n‡q‡Q| K…l‡Kiv GLb GB cÖhyw³¸‡jv dm‡ji gv‡V †hgb eënvi Ki‡Qb †Zgwb Dw™¢ I cÖvYxi eske„w×‡ZI eënvi Ki‡Qb| Avevi Mevw`cï I nuvm-gyiwM cvj‡b cÖhyw³ †hgb eënvi Ki‡Qb, †Zgwb gvQ Pv‡lI eënvi Ki‡Qb| weÁv‡bi M‡elYv hZ G¸‡”Q cÖhyw³i D™¢vebI ZZB evo‡Q|

GB Aa¨vq cvV †k‡l Avgiv-

GB Aa¨vq cvV †k‡l Avgiv -

1| K…wl‡Z eëüZ gvV cÖhyw³¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie|

2| Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi esk e„w×‡Z cÖhyw³i eënvi we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvie|

wPÎ : ˆ`wnK kªg I hvwš¿K Dcv‡q †mP cÖ vb

16

K…wl‡Z eëüZ gvV cÖhyw³

cvV- 1: cvwb †m‡Pi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I Kvh©KvwiZv e„w×

†m‡Pi cÖ‡qvRb

Avgiv Rvwb Rwg‡Z cvwb †mP bv w`‡j dmj Drcv`b m¤¢e bq| wKš—y GB †m‡Pi cvwbiI AcPq nq| †m‡Pi cvwbi Drm f~-wbgœ ’ †nvK A_ev f~-Dci¯’ †nvK meB cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq| G‡Z K…l‡Ki kª‡gi e¨q nq Ges A‡_©iI e¨q nq| ZvB †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †m‡Pi cvwbi Ace¨q ev AcPq hv‡Z bv nq †mw`‡K `„wó w`‡Z n‡e| A_©vr †m‡Pi cvwbi AcPq †iva Kivi gva¨‡g Gi Kvh©KvwiZv e„w× Kiv hvq|

wewfbœfv‡e †m‡Pi cvwbi AcPq nq| Kxfv‡e †m‡Pi cvwbi AcPq nq Zv wb‡P D‡j−L Kiv n‡jv| 1| ev®úxfeb 2| cvwbi AbymªeY 3| cvwb Puzqv‡bv

ev®úxfeb : m~‡h©i Zv‡c cÖwZwbqZ Lvj-wej, b`x-bvjv †_‡K †hfv‡e cvwb ev®úxf~Z n‡”Q †Zgwb dm‡ji Rwgi †m‡Pi cvwbI ev®úxf~Z n‡”Q| cvwbi GB ev®úxfeb †iva Kiv KwVb e¨vcvi| Z‡e mgqg‡Zv Ges cwigvYg‡Zv cvwb †mP w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z dmj wbR cÖ‡qvR‡b cvwb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|

cvwbi AbymªeY : we› y we› y AvKv‡i †m‡Pi cvwb gvwUi wb‡Pi w`‡K P‡j hvIqv‡K cvwbi AbymªeY ejv nq| Abymªe‡Yi gva¨‡g †m‡Pi cvwbi A‡bK AcPq nq| †m‡Pi bvjvq ev Rwg‡Z k³ ¯—i bv _vK‡j cvwbi AbymªeY N‡U| AZGe, bvjv ev Rwg‡Z wb‡P k³ ¯—i m„wó K‡i cvwbi AbymªeY †iva Kiv hvq|

cvwb Pzuqv‡bv : cvwb Pzuqv‡bv cvwbi Abymªe‡Yi Abyi~c| ïay cv_©K¨ n‡jv Abymªe‡Yi gva¨‡g cvwb wb‡P P‡j hvq| Avi Puzqv‡bvi gva¨‡g cvwb Ab¨ †¶‡Z P‡j hvq| A‡bK Bu yi AvB‡ji Gcvk-Icvk MZ© K‡i| Bu y‡ii M‡Z©i gva¨‡gI cvwb PyuB‡q Ab¨Î P‡j hvq| AZGe, †¶‡Zi AvBj I bvjv k³ gvwU Øviv Ggbfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e †hb cvwb PuyB‡q bv hvq| Rwg‡Z Bu yi hv‡Z MZ© Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †m eë¯’v Ki‡Z cvi‡j cvwb Pzuqv‡bv K‡g hv‡e|

†m‡Pi Kvh©KvwiZv e„w×

dm‡ji cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq †mP w`‡j †m‡Pi cvwbi Kvh©KvwiZv e„w× cvq| wb‡P †m‡Pi cvwbi Kvh©KvwiZv e„w×i cÖhyw³mg~n D‡j −L Kiv n‡jv :

1| cwigvYg‡Zv cvwb †mP w`‡Z n‡e; 2| mgqg‡Zv cvwb †mP w`‡Z n‡e; 3| Rwgi Pviw`‡K fv‡jvfv‡e AvBj †eu‡a †mP w`‡Z n‡e; 4| we‡K‡j ev mÜ¨v‡ejv cvwb †mP w`‡Z n‡e; 5| mvwie× dm‡ji †¶‡Z yB mvwii gaëZ©x ¯’v‡b cvwb †mP w`‡Z n‡e; 6| gvwUi eybU we‡ePbv K‡i †mP cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e; 7| †mP bvjv fv‡jvfv‡e †givgZ K‡i †mP w`‡Z n‡e A_ev cvKv †mPbvjv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e; 8| Dchy³ c×wZ‡Z †mP w`‡Z n‡e;

K…wl cÖhyw³

K…wlwk¶v

17

9| †mPbvjv dm‡ji w`‡K Xvjy K‡i ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e; 10| Bu y‡ii DrcvZ eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e; 11| gvwU‡Z ch©vß ˆRe c`v_© cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb †mP cÖKí : K…lK‡ì K…wlKv‡Ri myweavi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi A‡bK¸‡jv †mP cÖKí MÖnY K‡i‡Q| GB cÖKí¸‡jv cvwb Dbœqb †evW© KZ©„K wbqwš¿Z| †hme GjvKvq †mP cÖKí Av‡Q †mme GjvKvi K…l‡Kiv mviv eQi AvDk, Avgb, †ev‡iv, cvU, Mg, Avjy, kvK-mewR I djg~j Drcv`b Ki‡Qb| Avi km¨ eûgyLxKiY K…wl c×wZI Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖKí¸‡jvi bvg wb‡P D‡j−L Kiv n‡jv :

1| M½v-K‡cvZv¶ †mP cÖKí (wR.†K.cÖ‡R±);

2| ewikvjc †mP cÖKí (we.AvB.wc);

3| †fvjv †mP cÖKí;

4| VvKziMuvI Mfxi bjK~c †mP cÖKí;

5| Puv`cyi †mP cÖKí (wm.AvB.wc);

6| gyûix †mP cÖKí (Gg.AvB.wc);

7| cvebv AvBAviwW;

8| †gNbv-abv‡Mv`v †mP cÖKí;

9| KY©dyjx †mP cÖKí (†K.AvB.wc)

KvR : †Zvgiv MÖv‡gi dm‡ji gvV Ny‡i †`L Kxfv‡e †m‡Pi cvwbi AcPq n‡”Q| Avi K…l‡Kiv AcPq †iv‡ai Kx eë¯’v wb‡”Qb| G wel‡qi Dci cÖwZ‡e`b wjL Ges Dc¯’vcb Ki|

bZzb kã : gvV cÖhyw³, ev®úxfeb, AbymªeY

cvV- 2 : †mP c×wZ wewfbœfv‡e Rwg‡Z cvwb †mP †Ìqv hvq| Kxfv‡e cvwb †mP †Ìqv n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i Rwgi gvwUi cÖKvi, f~wgi cÖK…wZ, cvwbi Drm, dm‡ji aib BZ¨vwì Dci| wb‡P K‡qKwU †mP c×wZi bvg D‡j −L Kiv n‡jv :

1| c−veb †mP 2| bvjv †mP 3| eW©vi †mP 4| e„ËvKvi †mP 5| †dvqviv †mP

c−veb †mP : GB c×wZ‡Z mgZj Rwg‡Z wej, Lvj ev cyKzi n‡Z Avmv cvwb cÖavb bvjvi mvnv‡h¨ †mP †Ìqv nq| †m‡Pi cvwb hv‡Z Av‡kcv‡ki Rwg‡Z †h‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ Rwgi Pviw`‡K AvBj euva‡Z nq| Gfv‡e †mP w`‡j-

1| Aí mg‡q AwaK Rwg‡Z †mP †Ìqv hvq; 2| Rwgi g‡a¨ bvjvi ìKvi nq bv; 3| mgZj Rwgi R‡bÏ c −veb †mP Kvh©Ki; 4| kªg I mgq DfqB Kg jv‡M; 5| †ivcv dmj ev km¨ wQwU‡q †evbv Rwg‡Z c−veb †mP Kvh©Ki nq; 6| Rwg hw` Xvjy nq Z‡e AvBj †eu‡a cvwb AvUKv‡Z nq|

18

bvjv †mP : bvjv †mP c×wZ‡Z Rwgi Xvj Abyhvqx f~wgi eÜziZv ev DuPz wbPz mv‡c‡¶ cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K bvjv ˆZwi Kiv nq| AZtci cÖavb bvjvi mv‡_ Rwgi G bvjv¸‡jvi ms‡hvM K‡i †mP †Ìqv nq| bvjvi MfxiZv I ˆ`N© Rwgi DuPz wbPzi Dci wbf©i K‡i| Rwg mgZj n‡j bvjvi ˆ`N© †ewk n‡e Avi Rwgi Xvj †ewk n‡j ˆ`N© Kg n‡e| Gfv‡e †mP w`‡j-

1| †m‡Pi cvwb wbqš¿Y mnR nq I Rjve×Zvi fq _v‡K bv;

2| mg¯— Rwg mgvbfv‡e †fRv‡bv hvq;

3| cvwbi AcPq Kg nq;

4| gvwUi ¶q Kg nq;

5| GKB cwigvY cvwb Øviv c−veb A‡c¶v AwaK Rwg‡Z †mP †Ìqv hvq|

eW©vi †mP : eW©vi †mP c×wZ‡Z Rwgi Xvj I eÜziZv Abyhvqx dm‡ji Rwg‡K KZK¸‡jv L‡Û wef³ Kiv nq| cÖavb bvjv †_‡K Rwgi LÊ¸‡jv‡Z cvwb mieivn Kiv nq| cÖwZwU L‡Û cÖavb bvjv †_‡K cvwb cÖ‡e‡ki cÖ‡ekc_ Av‡Q| GKwU L‡Ê cvwb †mP †`qv n‡j Gi cÖ‡ek c_ eÜ K‡i cieZ©x L‡Ê cvwb mieivn Kiv nq| GB c×wZ‡Z AwZwi³ cvwb wb®‹vk‡biI eë¯’v Av‡Q| A_©vr Rwg †_‡K Xv‡ji w`‡K bvjv †K‡U cvwb wbKvk Kiv nq|

GB c×wZ‡Z †mP w`‡j- 1| cvwb eë¯’vcbv mnR nq; 2| cvwbi AcPq nq bv; 3| gvwUi ¶q Kg nq|

e„ËvKvi †mP : GB †mP c×wZ‡Z mg¯— Rwg‡Z †mP bv w`‡q ïay †h ¯’v‡b MvQ i‡q‡Q †mLv‡bB cvwb mieivn Kiv nq| mvaviYZ eûel©x djMv‡Qi †Mvovq GB c×wZ‡Z †mP †Ìqv nq| dj evMv‡bi gvS eivei GKwU cÖavb bvjv KvUv nq| AZtci cÖwZ Mv‡Qi †Mvovq e„ËvKvi bvjv KvUv nq Ges cÖavb bvjvi mv‡_ ms‡hvM †Ìqv nq|

GB c×wZ‡Z †mP w`‡j- 1| cvwbi AcPq nq bv; 2| cvwb wbqš¿Y mnR|

wPÎ : bvjv †mP

wPÎ : eW©vi †mP

wPÎ : e„ËvKvi †mP

K…wl cÖhyw³

K…wlwk¶v

19

†dvqviv †mP : dm‡ji Rwg‡Z e„wói b¨vq cvwb †mP †Ìqv‡K †dvqviv †mP e‡j| kvK-mewRi †¶‡Z GB c×wZ‡Z †mP †Ìqv nq| Avgv‡ì †`‡k exRZjvq wKsev Pviv Mv‡Q SuvSwi w`‡q †h †mP †Ìqv nq ZvI †dvqviv †mP| KvR : dm‡ji gvV cwi`k©‡b hvI Ges †`L Kxfv‡e K…l‡Kiv †mP w`‡”Qb| K…lK‡ì wR‡Ám K‡i †R‡b bvI Zviv †ev‡iv avb, kvK-mewR I AvgevMv‡b Kxfv‡e †mP w`‡”Qb|

bZzb kã : †mP, c −veb †mP, bvjv †mP, eW©vi †mP, e„ËvKvi †mP

cvV- 3 : cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi aviYv I D‡Ïk¨

cwiwgZ cvwb †mP †hgb dm‡ji Rb¨ fv‡jv †Zgwb AwZwi³ cvwb dm‡ji Rb¨ LyeB ¶wZKi| dm‡ji Rwg †_‡K AwZwi³ cvwb AcmviY Kiv‡KB cvwb wbKvk e‡j| dm‡ji Rwg‡Z R‡g _vKv cvwb AwaKvsk dm‡ji Rb¨ ¶wZKi| av‡bi Rwg‡Z cvwb R‡g _vKv DcKvwi n‡jI R‡g _vKv cvwb †cu‡c MvQ mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi †ewk dm‡ji Rwg‡Z Mv‡Qi †Mvovq cvwb R‡g _vK‡j MvQ gviv hvq| Avevi cvwb R‡g _vKv dm‡ji Rwg n‡Z cvwb wbKvk bv Kiv ch©š— †mLv‡b exR ecb Kiv hvq bv, Pviv †ivcY Kiv hvq bv Ges MvQI jvMv‡bv hvq bv| myZivs cvwbi Afve n‡j Mv‡Q cvwb w`‡Z n‡e| Rwg‡Z e„wói cvwb R‡g _vK‡j wKsev †m‡Pi cvwb †ewk n‡j AwZwi³ cvwb ZvovZvwo mwi‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|

AwZwi³ cvwbi ¶wZKi w`K : AwZwi³ cvwb dm‡ji †¶‡Z R‡g _vK‡j Kx Kx ¶wZ nq wb‡P D‡j −L Kiv n‡jv :

1. gvwU‡Z dm‡ji wkKo GjvKvq evqy PjvP‡ji weNœ N‡U;

2. cvwb R‡g _vKvi d‡j gvwUi duvK eÜ n‡q hvq| d‡j MvQ g‡i hvq;

3. cvwb R‡g _vK‡j wkKo GjvKvq Aw·‡R‡bi Afve N‡U| Gi d‡j A‡bK †ivM †`Lv hvq;

4. Mv‡Qi wkKo GjvKvq cvwb Rg‡j wkKo we¯—vi jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j Mv‡Qi e„w× e¨vnZ nq wKsev MvQ g‡i hvq;

5. DcKvix AYyRx‡ei e„w× e¨vnZ nq| Ab¨w`‡K †ivM m„wóKvix AYyRx‡ei msL¨v I msµgY ev‡o;

6. cywói MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv Kg nq|

cvwb wbKv‡ki D‡Ïk¨ :

cvwb wbKv‡ki D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv-

1. gvwU‡Z evqy PjvPj evov‡bv;

2. Mv‡Qi g~j‡K Kvh©Kix Kiv;

3. DcKvix AYyRx‡ei Kvh©µg e„w× Kiv;

4. gvwUi ZvcgvÎv mnbkxj gvÎvq Avbv;

5. gvwU‡Z Ô†RvÕ Avbv|

wPÎ : †dvqviv †mP

wPÎ : bvjv c×wZ Øviv cvwb wb®‹vkb

20

cvwb wbKv‡ki eë¯’v :

cvwb wbKv‡ki eë¯’v wbgœi~c:

1. KuvPv bvjv Øviv;

2. cv‡¤úi mvnv‡h¨;

3. cvKv †mP bvjv ˆZwi K‡i;

4. AwZwi³ cvwbi Drmgy‡L euva w`‡q;

5. cvwbi MwZ cwieZ©b bvjv ˆZwi K‡i|

KvR : †Zvgv‡ì †cu‡c evMv‡b hvI| MZKv‡ji e„wó‡Z evMv‡b A‡bK cvwb R‡g Av‡Q| mZ¡i cvwb Acmvi‡Yi eë¯’v Ki|

bZzb kã : cvwb wb®‹vkb, cvwb wbKvk, gvwU‡Z Ô†RvÕ Avbv, AYyRxe, wkKo GjvKv

cvV-4 : gv‡Qi cyKz‡ii cvwb †kvab

cyKz‡i gvQ Pvl AwZ cwiwPZ K…wl cÖhyw³| GB cÖhyw³i mdj eënvi ZLbB m¤¢e hLb cyKz‡ii cwi‡ek gv‡Qi Rb¨

¯^v¯’¨Ki Ges e„w×‡Z mnvqK nq| cyKz‡ii cwi‡ek ej‡Z RjR AvMvQvgy³ ^v` cvwb wewkó cyKzi‡K †evSvq|

cyKzi †_‡K gv‡Qi fv‡jv Drcv`b †c‡Z n‡j cyKz‡ii cwi‡ek Z_v cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y i¶v Kiv LyeB Ri“wi|

bvbv Kvi‡Y cyKz‡ii cvwb ~wlZ n‡Z cv‡i| Avi cvwb ~wlZ n‡jB G‡Z Aw·‡R‡bi Afve N‡U Ges cvwb‡Z

welwµqv †`Lv †`q| †ivM-RxevYyiI cÖv`yf©ve N‡U| d‡j gvQ gviv hvq, K…lK Avw_©Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯— nq Ges

cwi‡ekI ~wlZ nq| Kv‡RB gvQ‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Aw·‡Rb mieiv‡ni Rb¨ Ges welwµqv I Ab¨vb¨ †ivM-RxevYy

†_‡K euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ cyKz‡ii cvwb †kvab Kiv ìKvi| wb‡P cyKz‡ii cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y bó nIqvi KviY I †kvab

c×wZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

1| ªexf~Z Aw·‡R‡bi Afve : `ªexf~Z Aw·‡R‡bi Afve cyKz‡ii GKwU mvaviY mgm¨v| mKv‡j ev weKv‡j

A_ev w`‡bi †h †Kv‡bv mg‡q, †gNjv w`‡b Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq e„wói ci cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z Aw·‡R‡bi

Afve N‡U| Gi my úó j¶Y n‡jv Aw·‡R‡bi Afv‡e gvQ cvwbi Dci †f‡m Lvwe Lvq I K¬vš— n‡q cvwbi

Dcwifv‡M †Nviv‡div K‡i| Aw·‡R‡bi †ewk Afve n‡j gvQ gi‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Gmgq K…l‡Ki ¶wZi m¤¢vebv

†`Lv †`q| cyKz‡i Aw·‡R‡bi Afve NU‡j wb‡P Dwj −wLZ cÖhyw³ MÖnY Ki‡j mydj cvIqv hvq|

wPÎ : cvKv †mPbvjv Øviv cvwb wb®‹vkb

K…wl cÖhyw³

K…wlwk¶v

21

K) cyKz‡i muvZvi †K‡U Aw·‡R‡bi Afve ~i Kiv : cyKz‡ii cvwb LyeB kvš— _v‡K| GK ¯’v‡bi cvwb

Ab¨ ¯’v‡b mÂvjb nq bv| d‡j cvwb‡Z Aw·‡Rb

ªexf~Z nq bv| GB Ae¯’vq cyKz‡i muvZvi KvUvi

eë¯’v Ki‡j Aw·‡R‡bi Afve †_‡K cwiÎvY

cvIqv hvq| muvZvi KvUvi Rb¨ wK‡kvi-

wK‡kvix‡ì cyKz‡i bvwg‡q †Ìqv hvq|

L) euvk Øviv cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z AvNvZ Kiv : euvk Øviv cKz‡ii kvš— cvwb‡Z AvNvZ Ki‡j cvwb‡Z †Zvjcvo nq I †XD Drcbœ nq| d‡j evZv‡mi Aw·‡Rb G‡Z ªexf~Z nq I mgm¨v ~i nq| µgvMZ euvk w`‡q AvNvZ K‡i cyKz‡ii GK cvo †_‡K Ab¨ cvo ch©š— †cuŠQv‡j mydj cvIqv hvq|

2| cyKz‡ii cvwb †Nvjv nIqv : wewfbœ Kvi‡Y cyKz‡ii cvwb †Nvjv nq| ¶y ª gvwUi KYv cyKz‡i cvwb †Nvjv K‡i| Avevi cyKz‡ii cvo ay‡q e„wói cvwb cÖ‡ek K‡iI cvwb †Nvjv nq| µgvMZ K‡qKw`b e„wó n‡j PZzw`©K †_‡K e„wói cvwb cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges cyKz‡ii cvwb AwaK †Nvjv nq| cyKz‡ii †Nvjv cvwb †kva‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Pi cÖhyw³ MÖnY Kiv hvq|

K) kZK cÖwZ 1-2 †KwR Pzb cÖ‡qvM K‡i †Nvjv cvwb w_wZ‡q ¯^vfvweK Kiv hvq|

L) kZK cÖwZ cyKz‡ii cvwbi 30 †mwg MfxiZvi Rb¨ 240 MÖvg wdUwKwi cÖ‡qvM K‡i †Nvjv cvwb w_Zv‡bv hvq|

M) me‡P‡q mnR cÖhyw³ n‡jv kZK cÖwZ 12 †KwR Lo cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z ivLv|

3| cyyKz‡ii cvwbi A¤−Z¡ I ¶viZ¡ : cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z A¤−Z¡ ev ¶vi‡Z¡i MÖnY‡hvM¨ gvÎv n‡jv 6.5 †_‡K 8.0| cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z A¤−Z¡ ev ¶viZ¡ Kg-†ewk n‡j gvQ †ivMvµvš— nq| †hgb Kg n‡j gv‡Qi dzjKv Avµvš— nq; Avi †ewk n‡j gv‡Qi Lv`¨ Pvwn`v K‡g hvq Ges gvQ ye©j n‡q c‡o| d‡j gvQ mn‡RB †ivMvµvšÍ n‡q c‡o| gvÎv 7 Gi Kg n‡j A¤−Z¡ ev‡o Ges Gi †ewk n‡j ¶viZ¡ ev‡o| cyKz‡ii cvwbi A¤−Z¡ ev ¶viZ¡ ¯vfvweK gvÎvq Avbvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi cÖhyw³ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

K) Pzb cÖ‡qvM : A¤ −Z¡-¶vi‡Z¡i gvÎv Kg n‡j kZK cÖwZ 1-2 †KwR Pzb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

L) †ZuZzj ev mvRbv Mv‡Qi Wvj eënvi : A¤−Z¡-¶vi‡Z¡i gvÎv †e‡o †M‡j cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z †ZuZzj ev mvRbv Mv‡Qi Wvj 3-4 w`b wfwR‡q ivLv|

wPÎ : cyKz‡i muvZvi KvUv

wPÎ : euvk Øviv cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z AvNvZ Kiv

22

4| cvwbi Dci meyR k¨vIjvi ¯—i : cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z meyR k¨vIjvi ¯Íi c‡oI cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y bó nq| G‡Z cvwbi is Nb meyR nq| d‡j gv‡Qi ¯^vfvweK Pjv‡divi e¨vNvZ N‡U| AZtci gvQ cvwbi Dcwifv‡M Lvwe Lvq| cvwbi GB Ae¯’v †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ wb‡P Dwj −wLZ cÖhyw³ eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

K) Zuz‡Z ev Kcvi mvj‡dU cÖ‡qvM : kZK cÖwZ 12-15 MÖvg Zuy‡Z ev Kcvi mvj‡dU cÖ‡qvM Kiv|

L) Pzb cÖ‡qvM : kZK cÖwZ 1 †KwR Pzb cÖ‡qvM K‡iI mydj cvIqv hvq|

KvR : MÖv‡gi cyKzi¸‡jv Ny‡i †`L| Avi †`L Kxfv‡e cyKz‡ii cvwb ~wlZ n‡”Q| `~wlZ cyKz‡ii gvQ¸‡jv euvPvevi Rb¨ K…l‡Kiv Kx eë¯’v wb‡”Qb Zv †`L Ges †kL|

bZzb kã : Aw·‡Rb, cvwb †kvab, †Nvjv cvwb, w_Zv‡bv, wdUwKwi|

K…wl‡¶‡Î eske„w×‡Z eëüZ K…wl cÖhyw³

cvV- 1 : K…wl‡¶‡Î eske„w×‡Z exR Drcv`b cÖhyw³ exR Drcv`b GKwU cÖhyw³MZ Kg©KvÊ| exR Drcv`‡bi cÖ_g KvR n‡jv ex‡Ri ¸Yv¸Y msi¶Y Kiv| ZvB K…wl weÁvbxiv Aweivg dm‡ji Rv‡Zi eske„w× I ¸Yv¸Y msi¶‡Yi e¨vcv‡i wPš—vfvebv Ki‡Qb Ges bZzb bZzb cÖhyw³i ms‡hvM Ki‡Qb| exR Drcv`b cÖhyw³ ej‡Z gvbm¤§Z exR Drcv`b, eë¯’vcbv I msi¶Y‡K †evSvq| gvbm¤úbœ exR Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ weÁvbxiv wb‡P Dwj −wLZ kZ©mg~n †g‡b Pjvi civgk© w`‡q‡Qb|

1| ex‡Ri weï×Zv msi¶Y : ex‡Ri cwiwPwZ Gi Rb¥m~Î †_‡K| AZGe, exR Drcv`‡bi mgq j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb AvKvw•¶Z ex‡Ri mv‡_ Ab¨ Rv‡Zi ex‡Ri wgkªY bv N‡U|

2| exR dm‡ji c„_KxKiY : exR dm‡ji Rwg‡K AexR dm‡ji Rwg †_‡K wbivc` ~i‡Z¡ ivLvi bvgB c„_KxKiY| wbivc` ~iZ¡ eRvq ivLv A‡bK mgq m¤¢e nqbv| ZvB exR dm‡ji Pviw`‡K eW©vi jvBb wn‡m‡e GKB dm‡ji AwZwi³ Pvl Ki‡Z nq| G‡Z cicivMvq‡bi m¤¢vebv _v‡K bv|

3| exR †kvab : exR †ivM enb Ki‡Z cv‡i| †mRb¨ exR Rwg‡Z ec‡bi Av‡M †kvab K‡i wb‡Z nq| exR †kvab Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK Jla eënvi Kiv nq| †hgb, MÖv‡bvmg-Gg, wfUv‡f·-200 BZ¨vw`|

4| exR ecb c×wZ : exR mgqg‡Zv ecb Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi exR ec‡bi mgq Rwg‡Z h‡_ó im _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| mvaviYZ exR dmj wbw ©ó `~i‡Z¡ jvB‡b ecb ev †ivcY Kiv fv‡jv| jvB‡b exR ec‡bi Rb¨ exR ecbhš¿ eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

5| †ivwMs : ex‡Ri Rv‡Zi weï×Zv i¶vi Rb¨ †ivwMs GKwU Ri“wi KvR| †ivwMs A_© n‡”Q AvKvw•¶Z ex‡Ri MvQ Qvov AvMvQvmn Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv AbvKvw•¶Z MvQ Rwg †_‡K wkKomn Zz‡j †djv| AbvKvw•¶Z MvQ dzj Avmvi Av‡MB †ivwMs Kiv fv‡jv|

K…wl cÖhyw³

K…wlwk¶v

23

6| Avš——t cwiPh©v :

1. ex‡Ri Rwg AvMvQvgy³ ivL‡Z n‡e;

2. h_vmg‡q KxU-cZ½ `gb Ki‡Z n‡e;

3. cwigvYg‡Zv cvwb †mP w`‡Z n‡e|

7| exR dmj KZ©b : exR hLb cwic~Y©fv‡e cv‡K I e„wó-ev`‡j ¶wZi m¤¢vebv _v‡K bv ZLbB exR dmj KZ©b Ki‡Z nq| exR dmj KvUvi ci cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœfv‡e gvovB-SvovB Ki‡Z n‡e|

8| exR ïKv‡bv I msi¶Y : exR Ggbfv‡e ïKv‡Z n‡e hv‡Z ex‡R AwZwi³ Av ª©Zv bv _v‡K| †hgb, av‡bi ex‡R kZKiv 12 fvM Av ª©Zv _vK‡Z cv‡i| fv‡jvfv‡e ïKv‡bvi ci exR msi¶‡Yi gvwU A_ev avZe cv‡Î ivL‡Z n‡e| cvÎwU Aek¨B ï®‹, cwi”Qbœ n‡Z n‡e| ex‡R hv‡Z KxU-cZ½ Avµvš— Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ g¨vjvw_qb †¯cÖ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

gvbm¤§Z ex‡Ri Drcv`b :

gvbm¤§Z exR wZb av‡c Drcv`b Kiv nq|

h_v- 1) †gŠj exR

2) wfwË exR I

3) cÖZ¨wqZ exR|

K…lK cÖZ¨wqZ exR Qvov Ab¨ exR eënvi Ki‡eb bv| hw` †KD dmj Drcv`‡b †gŠj exR ev wfwË exR eënvi K‡ib Z‡e dmj fv‡jv bv nIqvi AvksKv †ewk _v‡K| †Kbbv A‡bK cix¶v-wbix¶vi ciB we‡klÁiv cÖZ¨wqZ exR eënv‡ii Aby‡gv`b cÖ`vb K‡ib| wb‡P exR Drcv`‡bi avç‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv| †gŠj exR : mKj eskMZ ¸Yv¸Y i¶v K‡i †h exR Drcv`b Kiv nq Zv‡K †gŠj exR e‡j| Dw™¢ cÖRbb weÁvbxiv cix¶v Kivi ci hLb †Kv‡bv dm‡ji RvZ‡K Lye fv‡jv g‡b K‡ib ZLb †m exR‡K †gŠj exR e‡j| †gŠj exR mvaviYZ cwigv‡Y Kg Drcv`b Kiv nq| G exR wewµ‡hvM¨ bq| wfwË exR : †gŠj ex‡Ri mKj eskMZ ¸Yv¸Y i¶v K‡i exR Aby‡gv`b ms¯’vi wbqwš¿Z cwi‡e‡k †ewk cwigvY Drcvw`Z exR‡K wfwË exR e‡j| wfwË exRI K…l‡Ki wbKU wewµ Kiv nq bv| cÖZ¨wqZ exR : wfwË exR n‡Z exR Aby‡gv`b ms¯’vi wbqwš¿Z cwi‡e‡k exR Drcv`‡bi wbqg Kvbyb †g‡b †h exR Drcv`b Kiv nq Ges gv‡V eënv‡ii Aby‡gv`b †`qv nq Zv‡K cÖZ¨wqZ exR e‡j| GB exR K…lK‡ì eënv‡ii Rb¨ Aby‡gv`b ms¯’v Aby‡gv`b cÖ vb K‡i| cÖZ¨wqZ exR K…lK‡ì wbKU wewµ Kiv nq|

KvR -1: K…wl Dbœqb K‡cv©‡ikb ZvwjKve× K…l‡Ki Lvgv‡i hvI Avi †`L Zviv gvbm¤§Z exR Drcv`‡bi kZ© ‡jv †g‡b exR Drcv`b Ki‡Q wKbv| KvR- 2: †Zvgvi K…wl wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ cwiKíbv K‡i me QvÎ wg‡j K…wl M‡elYv cÖwZôv‡b hvI Avi †`L †gŠj exR I wfwË exR Kxfv‡e Drcv`b Ki‡Q|

bZzb kã : ex‡Ri weï×Zv, c„_KxKiY, exR †kvab, †ivwMs, †gŠj exR, wfwË exR, cÖZ¨wqZ exR|

wPÎ : cÖZ¨wqZ exR

24

cvV- 2 : exR n‡Z Pviv Drcv`b

exR †_‡K Pviv Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_gZ exRZjv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| kxZKvjxb mewRi Rb¨ Avwk¦b-KvwZ©K gv‡m Avi MÖx®§Kvjxb mewRi Rb¨ dvêyb-ˆPÎ gv‡m exRZjv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| AvMvg dm‡ji Rb¨ AviI GKgvm Av‡M †_‡K exRZjv ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

U‡g‡Uv, dzjKwc, euvavKwc, †e¸b, gwiP, cyuBkvK, †cu‡c BZ¨vw` exR cÖ_‡g exRZjvq †d‡j Pviv Drcv`b Ki‡Z nq| Pvivi eqm Pvi mßvn n‡Z GKgvm eqm n‡j g~j Rwg‡Z †ivcY Kiv nq| exRZjvi AvKvi 3 × 1 eM©wgUvi n‡j fv‡jv nq| Gi~c GKwU exRZjvq 10-12 MÖvg exR ìKvi|

exRZjvi cÖvq 20 †mwg wb‡P BU fvOv ev myiwK w`‡q Gi Dci De©i gvwU DuPz K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb exRZjv g~j Rwg n‡Z Kgc‡¶ 10 †mwg DuPz‡Z _v‡K| exRZjvi gvwUi mv‡_ cPv †Mvei I 10 MÖvg BDwiqv wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| AZtci mveav‡b 2 †mwg Mfx‡i exR wQwU‡q Z³vi mvnv‡h¨ DcwifvM mgvb K‡i w`‡Z n‡e Ges gvwU †P‡c w`‡Z n‡e| Gici exRZjvq cÖwZw`b wbqwgZ cvwb w`‡Z n‡e| exRZjvq SuvSiv w`‡q cvwb †Ìqv fv‡jv| †Kbbv G‡Z e„wói †duvUvi g‡Zv mgvbfv‡e cvwb †`qv hvq| wZb Pvi w`‡bi g‡a¨ Pviv †ei n‡e| †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb exRZjv ïwK‡q bv hvq| †hme ex‡Ri Z¡K cyi“ †mme ex‡Ri Pviv †ei n‡Z AviI K‡qKw`b mgq jvM‡e| cyi“ Z¡‡Ki exR 24-48 NÈv wfwR‡q †i‡L exRZjvq eyb‡j ZvovZvwo Pviv †ei n‡e| †iv` I e„wó †_‡K Pviv‡K i¶vi Rb¨ exRZjvi Dci QvDwbi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|

eqm evovi mv‡_ Pvivi Zvc mn¨ ¶gZvI ev‡o| Z‡e gvwUi Av ª©Zv wVK ivLvi Rb¨ SuvSwi w`‡q †mP w`‡Z n‡e| we‡Kj †ejv †mP †Ìqv fv‡jv| AZtci gvwU hLb k³ n‡e ZLb wbovwb w`‡q gvwU AvjMv K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|

exRZjvq †cvKvgvKo I †ivMevjvB AvµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i| †cvKvq AvµgY Kivi Av‡MB K…wl Kg©KZ©vi civgk©µ‡g eë¯’v wb‡Z n‡e| Z‡e mvaviYfv‡e 10 wjUvi cvwb‡Z 4 Pv PvgP g¨vjvw_qb-57 ¸‡j exRZjvq wQUv‡Z n‡e| Avi †Kv‡bv Pviv †ivMvµvšÍ n‡j Zv Zz‡j gvwU‡Z cyu‡Z †dj‡Z n‡e ev cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|

dzjKwc, euvavKwc Gme mewRi Pviv g~j Rwg‡Z †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© wØZxq exRZjvq †ivcY Kiv fv‡jv| Pviv eo n‡Z _vK‡j SuvSwii cvwb‡Z 10 MÖvg BDwiqv wb‡q ªeY K‡i exRZjvq wQUv‡j Pviv ¯^v¯’ëvb nq| exRZjvq Av ª©Zv msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ LoKzUv wewQ‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Pvivi eqm 4-5 mßvn n‡j g~j Rwg‡Z †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e|

wPÎ : GKwU Av`k© exRZjv

K…wl cÖhyw³

K…wlwk¶v

25

Pviv †Zvjvi cÖ ‘wZ wn‡m‡e cÖ_gZ SuvSwii mvnv‡h¨ †mP w`‡q exRZjv wfwR‡q wb‡Z n‡e| AZtci Pviv †Zvjvi Rb¨ Lyiwc I Pviv en‡bi Szwoi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| Pviv †Zvjvi Dchy³ mgq n‡”Q we‡Kj †ejv| Pviv mveav‡b Zzj‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wkKo wQ‡o bv hvq| Pviv †Zvjv n‡j wVKg‡Zv cwienb K‡i ˆZwi Kiv g~j Rwg‡Z wb‡Z n‡e| Pviv †ivc‡Yi mgq Lyiwci mvnv‡h¨ MZ© K‡i exRZjvq †hfv‡e Pviv wQj wVK †mfv‡eB M‡Z© †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e|

KvR : †Zvgvi evwoi cv‡k 3×1 eM©wgUv‡ii GKwU RvqMv wbe©vPb Ki| 1. †Kv`vj w`‡q wbe©vwPZ ¯’v‡bi gvwU SziSyiv K‡i Pvl Ki| 2. exRZjvq 20 †mwg wb‡P BUfvOv myiwK w`‡q Gi Dci De©i gvwU DuPz K‡i `vI| 3. exRZjv gvwU †_‡K Kgc‡¶ 10 †mwg DuPz‡Z n‡Z n‡e| 4. cPv †Mve‡ii mv‡_ 10 MÖvg BDwiqv wgwk‡q exRZjvi Dci wQwU‡q `vI Ges wgwk‡q `vI| gvwUi 2 †mwg

Mfx‡i exR wQwU‡q `vI| 5. cÖ‡Z¨K w`b exRZjvq SuvSiv w`‡q cvwb `vI| 3-4 w`‡bi g‡a¨B Pviv †ei n‡e| 6. hZw`b Pviv g~j Rwg‡Z †ivc‡Yi Dchy³ bv n‡e ZZw`b GB cv‡Vi wb‡ ©kg‡Zv exRZjvi hZœ bvI|

bZzb kã : Pviv Drcv`b, exRZjv, SuvSiv, wØZxq exRZjv, g¨vjvw_qb-57, QvDwb, cyi“ Z¡‡Ki exR|

Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi eske„w× cvV-1 : Dw™¢‡ì A½R eske„w×

Dw™¢‡ì esk e„w×‡Z cÖhyw³i Ae`vb A‡bK| cÖhyw³ cÖvPxb †nvK wKsev AvaywbK †nvK, Pvjy cÖhyw³i †Kv‡bvwUi Ae`vbB A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv| wb‡P Dw™¢‡ì eske„w×‡Z cÖhyw³i Ae`vb Zz‡j aiv n‡jv|

D”Pdjbkxj Rv‡Zi exR : Dw™¢‡ì eske„w×‡Z cÖ_g †h cÖhyw³i K_v ej‡Z nq Zv n‡”Q D”Pdjbkxj Rv‡Zi exR| evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv cÖwZôvb kvKmewR, Mg, mwilv, Avjy BZ¨vw` dm‡ji A‡bK DbœZ Ges D”Pdjbkxj Rv‡Zi D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| kvKmewRi g‡a¨ U‡g‡Uv, †e¸b, jvD, dzjKwc, euvavKwc, gwiP Gm‡ei bvg D‡j−L‡hvM¨| Gme DbœZ Rv‡Zi mewRi exR K…l‡Kiv cv‡”Qb Ges eënvi Ki‡Qb| MÖx®§Kv‡j U‡g‡Uvi Pvl Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb| evigvme¨vcx †e¸‡bi Pvl Ki‡Qb Ges mviv eQi jvD‡qi Pvl Ki‡Qb| AviI K‡Zv Kx| Gi d‡j K…l‡Kiv fv‡jv Avq Ki‡Qb|

evsjv‡`‡k avb M‡elYv cÖwZôvb G ch©š— lvUwU D”Pdjbkxj av‡bi RvZ D™¢veb K‡i‡Qb| Gi mv‡_ AviI av‡bi RvZ hy³ K‡i‡Q evsjv‡`k AvYweK K…wl M‡elYv cÖwZôvb| D”Pdjbkxj av‡bi Rv‡Zi Ae`vb wn‡m‡e ejv hvq evsjv‡`k GLb cÖvq Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©| wb‡P K‡qKwU av‡bi Rv‡Zi bvg D‡j−L Kiv n‡jv| AvDk : we Avi 9 (mydjv), we Avi 14 (MvRx), we Avi 16 (kvnx evjvg) BZ¨vw`|

Avgb : we Avi 11 (gy³v), weªavb 30, weªavb 33, weªavb 40, weªavb 44 BZ¨vw`|

†ev‡iv : weªavb 28, weªavb 29, weªavb 36, weªnvBweªW-1, weªavb 50 (evsjvgwZ) BZ¨vw`|

A½R Pviv Drcv`b : cÖvq me MvQB exR w`‡q eskwe¯Ívi K‡i| Z‡e exR QvovI Mv‡Qi wewfbœ A½ w`‡q Pviv Drcv`b Ges eskwe¯Ívi Kiv m¤¢e| A½R Pviv eënvi K…wl‡Z hyMvš—Kvix cwieZ©b G‡b‡Q Ges G †_‡K K…l‡Kiv A‡bK jvfevb n‡”Qb| A½R Pviv Drcv`b cÖhyw³i g‡a¨ KZ©b ev †Q` Kjg, `vev Kjg, ¸wU Kjg,

26

†Rvo Kjg Ges †PvL Kjg cÖavb| A½R Pvivi cÖavb êwkó¨ n‡jv exR weï× gvZ…¸Yv¸Y enb K‡i| wb‡P K‡qKwU A½R Pvivi Drcv`‡bi cwiwPwZ †Ìqv n‡jv| Avi Pviv MvQ †_‡K ZvovZvwo dj †c‡Z n‡j A½R Pviv Drcv`b c×wZi Rywo †bB|

1) KZ©b ev †Q` Kjg : kvLv, g~j, cvZv BZ¨vw` gvZ…MvQ n‡Z wew”Qbœ K‡i Dchy³ gva¨g I cwi‡e‡k †i‡L Pviv Drcv`b Kiv‡K KZ©b ev †Q` Kjg e‡j| G cÖwµqvq esk we¯Ívi LyeB mnR| †Mvjvc, †jey BZ¨vw` dzj I dj Mv‡Qi †¶‡Î GB cÖhyw³ eënvi Kiv nq|

2) `vev Kjg : cÖ_‡g gvZ…Mv‡Qi gvwUi wbK‡U Aew¯’Z kvLv wb‡P bvwg‡q `yB wM‡Ui gvSLv‡bi evKj KvU‡Z n‡e| AZtci KvUv Ask gvwU‡Z Pvcv w`‡Z n‡e| wbw ©ó mgq ci KvUv Ask †_‡K wkKo MRv‡e Ges bZzb Pviv n‡e| MRv‡bv Ask †K‡U 2-3 mßvn ci mveav‡b gvwUmn DwV‡q Ab¨Î †ivcY Ki‡Z nq| †jey, †cqviv, †Mvjvc, wjPz, m‡d`v BZ¨vw` Mv‡Q `vev Kjg Kiv nq|

3) ¸wU Kjg : ¸wU Kjg LyeB RbwcÖq| ¸wU Kjg Kivi Rb¨ †cwÝ‡ji g‡Zv Wvj wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| aviv‡jv Qzwi w`‡q Wv‡ji 4-5 †mwg †Mvj K‡i Qvj Zzj‡Z n‡e| Gici † uv-Auvk gvwUi mv‡_ cPv †Mvei wgwk‡q †c÷ ˆZwi K‡i Wv‡ji Qvj †Zvjv ¯’v‡b cÖ‡jc w`‡Z n‡e| Zvici cwjw_b w`‡q †cuwP‡q `yB gv_vq fv‡jv K‡i euva‡Z n‡e| 3-4 mßv‡ni g‡a¨ mv`v wkKo MRv‡e hv evwni †_‡K †`Lv hvq| wkKo fv‡jvfv‡e MRv‡j WvjwU‡K †K‡U U‡e jvwM‡q Qvqvq ivL‡Z n‡e| K‡qKw`b ci Mv‡Q cvZv MRv‡e I evMv‡b jvMv‡bvi Dchy³ n‡e|

4) †Rvo Kjg : †Rvo Kj‡gi ywU Ask (1) ÷K I (2) mvqb| †h Mv‡Qi m‡½ †Rvov jvMv‡bv n‡e †m MvQwU‡K ÷K e‡j| †h A½ ÷‡Ki m‡½ jvMv‡bv n‡e Zv‡K ejv nq mvqb| ÷K I mvq‡bi †Rvov jvMv‡bv c×wZ‡K †Rvo Kjg e‡j| †Rvo Kj‡gi gva¨‡g eZ©gv‡b Avg, †ZRcvZv, m‡d`v cÖf„wZ Mv‡Qi esk we¯Ívi Kiv n‡”Q|

KvR : †Mvjv‡ci GKwU Wvj KvU Ges Qvqvhy³ ¯’v‡b cuy‡Z `vI| †`L‡e 15 w`‡bi g‡a¨B bZzb Pviv wn‡m‡e Ab¨Î †ivcY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

bZzb kã : mydjv, MvRx, kvnx Kjg, gy³v, evsjvgwZ, KZ©b ev †Q`, `vev, ¸wU, †Rvo Kjg|

cvV-2 : cÖvYxi eske„w× cÖhyw³ cÖvYxm¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ nuvm-gyiwM Ab¨Zg| myZivs GB cv‡V nuvm-gyiwMi eske„w×‡Z wWg †dvUv‡bv I cÖvK…wZK Dcv‡q ev”Pv †dvUv‡bvi cÖhyw³i Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv| wWg †dvUv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ_gZ De©i wWg ìKvi| wWg evQvB‡qi avc wb‡P D‡j −L Kiv n‡jv|

wPÎ : KZ©b ev †Q` Kjg

wPÎ : `vev Kjg

wPÎ : ¸wU Kjg

wPÎ : †Rvo Kjg

K…wl cÖhyw³

K…wlwk¶v

27

1| gvSvwi AvKv‡ii gm„Y, †gvUv I k³ †Lvmvi wWg;

2| ¯^vfvweK i‡Oi wWg;

3| gvSvwi AvKv‡ii wWg;

4| cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ wWg;

5| 50-60 MÖvg IR‡bi wWg;

6| wW‡gi eqm MÖx®§Kv‡j 3-4 w`b Ges kxZKv‡j 7-10 w`b|

wW‡gi †Lvmvq †Zj †g‡L wWg msi¶Y : K…l‡Kiv N‡i wWg msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ A‡bK c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡ib| Gi~c GKwU c×wZ n‡jv gyiwM ev nuv‡mi m`¨ cvov wW‡gi Dc‡i MÜnxb †Zj gvLv| GRb¨ mvaviYZ mqvex‡bi †Zj I ev`vg †Zj eënvi Kiv nq| †Zj gvLvi ci gy³ evZv‡m ïKv‡bv nq Ges VvÊv RvqMvq ivLv nq| K…lKiv êÁvwbK KviY wn‡m‡e e‡jb †h †Zj gvLv‡bvi d‡j wW‡gi msi¶Y ¶gZv K‡qKw`b ev‡o| KviY wn‡m‡e D‡j−L Kiv hvq †h †Zj gvLvi d‡j wW‡gi †QvU †QvU A‡bK wQ`ª eÜ n‡q hvq| Zv‡Z wWg webóKvix e¨K‡Uwiqv wW‡gi wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡I bv| Gi d‡j wW‡gi cPb †iva nq|

Pz‡bi ªeY c×wZ : G c×wZ AviI mnR| GKwU nuvwo‡Z Pz‡bi ªeY ˆZwi K‡i G‡Z wWg Wywe‡q Zz‡j ivL‡j wW‡gi wQ`ªc_ eÜ nq Ges wWg A‡bK w`b fv‡jv _v‡K| MÖv‡gi K…l‡Kiv `xN©Kvj hveZ GB cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i Avm‡Qb| GB cÖhyw³ eënv‡i A‡_©i †Zgb cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| cÖvq webv wewb‡qv‡M wWg msi¶Y I ev”Pv Drcv`b GB cÖhyw³i eo Ae`vb| G cÖwµqvq 250 MÖvg Pz‡bi mv‡_ GK wjUvi cvwb †gkv‡bv nq| G wgkªY 12 NÈv †i‡L †`qv nq| ªexf~Z nIqvi ci Dc‡ii ¯^”Q cvwb †bqv nq| ZvRv wWg GB ¯^”Q ev cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z Wyev‡bv nq Ges 15 wgwbU ivLv nq| AZtci wWg Zz‡j evZv‡m ïKv‡bv nq| ïKv‡bvi ci VvÊv RvqMvq ivLv nq| GB wWg 2-3 gvm fv‡jv _v‡K| wW‡gi †Lvmv Pz‡bi ms¯ú‡k© G‡m Kve©‡bU Drcbœ nq Ges wW‡gi †Lvmvi wQ`ª eÜ n‡q hvq| G‡Z wW‡gi †fZi e¨vK‡Uwiqv cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j cPb †iva nq|

wWg †dvUv‡bv c×wZ : A‡bKfv‡eB wWg †dvUv‡bv nq| †hgb- BbwKD‡eUi c×wZ, Zzl c×wZ Ges cÖvK…wZK c×wZ| MÖv‡gi M„n¯’ evwo‡Z cÖvK…wZK c×wZB eëüZ nq| G‡Z A‡_©i wewb‡qvM jv‡M bv| myZivs GLv‡b cÖvK…wZK c×wZ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv|

cÖvK…wZK c×wZ : gyiwMi wb‡Ri †`‡ni Zvc w`‡q wbwl³ wWg †dvUv‡bv‡K cÖvK…wZK c×wZ e‡j| G c×wZ Avgiv wb‡R‡ì evwo‡Z †`‡L _vKe| †`wk gyiwM wKQzw`b wWg cvovi ci Kz‡P nq Ges wW‡g Zv w`‡Z AvMÖnx nq| Gi~c gyiwM‡K 10-12wU wWg w`‡q emv‡bv nq| cÖ_gZ gyiwMi Rb¨ Sywo‡Z LoKzUv w`‡q GKwU evmv evbv‡Z n‡e| evmvwU N‡ii wbR©b †Kv‡Y ivL‡Z n‡e| gyiwMi evmv 35 †mwg e¨vm Ges 10 †mwg Mfxi n‡e| wW‡g emv‡bvi c~‡e© gyiwM‡K fv‡jvfv‡e LvIqv‡Z n‡e| gyiwMi mvg‡b `vbv`vi Lvevi I cvwb ivL‡Z n‡e| 8-10 w`b ci wWg¸‡jv m~‡h©i Av‡jvq cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| wW‡gi †fZ‡i å“Y _vK‡j Kv‡jv `v‡Mi g‡Zv †`Lv‡e| 21-23 w`‡bi g‡a¨ wWg †_‡K ev”Pv †ewi‡q Avm‡e| ev”Pviv cÖvq `ygvm gv‡qi ZË¡veav‡b _v‡K| Gici ev”Pviv ¯^vaxbfv‡e Pjv‡div K‡i|

bZzb kã : cÖvYxi eske„w×, wW‡g †Zj gvLv, Pz‡bi `ªeY, wWg †dvUv‡bvi cÖvK…wZK c×wZ

wPÎ : wWg †dvUv‡bvi cÖvK…wZK c×wZ

28

cvV-3 : ev”Pv †dvUv‡bvi wWg Drcv`b

†Zvgiv Rvb wWg †_‡K ev”Pv R‡b¥| cÖvq evwo‡ZB †Zvgiv †`‡L _vK‡e nuvm-gyiwM wWg †`q, wW‡g Zv †`q Ges

wbw`©ó mgq cvi n‡j ev”Pv †ei nq| `ywU D‡Ï‡k¨ wWg Drcv`b Kiv nq|

1) nuvm-gyiwMi eske„w×i Rb¨

2) gvby‡li cywói Rb¨ A_©vr Lvevi Rb¨

e––ske„w×i Rb¨ wWg Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡j wb‡gœv³ welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ `„wó w`‡Z n‡e|

1. DbœZ Rv‡Zi gyiwM †hgb, wg‡bvK©v,

†nvqvBU‡jM nb©, A÷vijc, †ivW

AvBj¨vÛ †iW (Avi, AvB, Avi),

dvBIgx BZ¨vwì bvg D‡j −L‡hvM¨|

Avevi DbœZ Rv‡Zi nuvm †hgb,

wRbwWs, LvwK K¨v‡¤^j, BwÛqvb ivbvi

cÖf„wZ D‡j−L‡hvM¨|

2. ¯^v¯’ëvb nuvm-gyiwM †_‡K fv‡jv wWg cvIqv hvq| GRb¨ nuvm-gyiwM‡K mylg Lvevi, weï× cvwb I

¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z evm¯’v‡bi eë¯’v Kiv Ges †ivM-cÖwZ‡iva I wPwKrmvi eë¯’v Kiv|

3. wWg dz‡U ev”Pv †ei nIqvi ci A‡c¶vK…Z ye©j, †QvU I Ab¨vb¨ Î“wUhy³ ev”Pv¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v Kiv|

4. wWg cvovi eqm n‡j †hme nuvm-gyiwM IR‡b Kg, d¨vKv‡k, ye©j Ges Ab¨vb¨ Î“wUc~Y© †m¸‡jv‡K ev`

†`qv|

5. †hme nuvm-gyiwM 6 gvm eq‡mI wWg w`‡”Q bv †m¸‡jv‡K QuvUvB

Kiv|

6. eske„w×i Rb¨ wWg Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡j cÖwZ AvU †_‡K `kwU

gyiwM ev nuv‡mi Rb¨ GKBmv‡_ GKwU †gviM ev cyi“l nuvm ivL‡Z

n‡e|

wPÎ: †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †iW (Avi.AvB.Avi) wPÎ: †nvqvBU †jMnb©

wPÎ : †gviM I gyiwM

K…wl cÖhyw³

K…wlwk¶v

29

wWg cvov gyiwMi êwkó¨

†hme gyiwMi wWg †_‡K ev”Pv dzUv‡bv n‡e wb‡P †mme gyiwMi êwkó¨ D‡j −L Ki n‡jv :

1. †PvL eo I D¾¡j n‡e;

2. †VuvU euvKv I †gvUv n‡e;

3. Kv‡bi jwZ eo, big I D¾¡j n‡e;

4. Mjv †gvUv I Lv‡Uv n‡e;

5. wc‡Vi AvKvi eo n‡e|

6. eyK PIov n‡e;

7. Pvgov cvZjv I big n‡e;

8. †cU eo I Pwe©nxb n‡e;

9. gjØvi eo I †fRv _vK‡e;

10. cv Lv‡Uv wKš—y gReyZ n‡e|

bZzb kã : wg‡bvK©v, †nvqvBU †jMnb©, A÷vi‡jvc, †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †iW, wRbwWs, LvwK K¨v‡¤^j, BwÛqvb ivbvi|

Abykxjbx k~b¨¯’vb c~iY

1. exRZjvq ............. w`‡q cvwb †Ìqv fv‡jv|

2. wW‡gi †Lvmv Pz‡bi ms¯ú‡k© G‡m.................. Drcbœ nq|

3. †m‡Pi cvwbi ............. †iva Kivi gva¨‡g Gi Kvh©KvwiZv e„w× Kiv hvq|

4. kZK cÖwZ ............ †KwR Pzb cÖ‡qvM K‡i †Nvjvcvwb w_wZ‡q ¯^vfvweK Kiv hvq|

KvR : Zzwg wb‡R cvj‡bi Rb¨ 5wU †nvqvBU †jMnb© ev”Pv †hvMvo Ki| ev”Pv¸‡jv‡K wWg cvov gyiwM‡Z cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ mylg Lvevi `vI, weï× cvwb `vI| ivbx‡¶Z I Ab¨vb¨ †iv‡Mi wUKv `vI| hw` †Kv‡bv ev”Pv ye©j ev †QvU g‡b nq Z‡e †mwU‡K ev` `vI| ev”Pvi eqm Qq gvm n‡j wWg cvov ïi“ Ki‡e| †h ev”Pv Qq gv‡mI wWg †`q bv Zv QuvUvB Ki| Gfv‡e Zzwg fv‡jv wWg cvov gyiwM wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

wPÎ : wWg cvov nuvm

wPÎ : wWg cvov gyiwM

30

wgj KiY :

evgcvk Wvbcvk

1. A½R eske„w× cvwbi ¶wZKi w`K

2. cvwb wbKvk wbivc` ~iZ¡

3. †mP cÖKí cvebv AvB Avi wW

4. exR dm‡ji c„_KxKiY gvwU‡Z Ô†RvÕ Avbv

¸wU Kjg

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :

1. ev”Pv †dvUv‡bvi Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ wWg kxZKv‡j K‡Zvw`b ch©š— msi¶Y Kiv hv‡e?

K. 3-4 L. 4-5

M. 7-8 N. 10-12

2. †dvqviv c×wZ‡Z †mP †Ìqv nq-

i. exRZjvq

ii. kvK-mewRi †¶‡Z

iii. eûelx© dj Mv‡Q


K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. ii I iii

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 3 I 4 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

ivwRqvi evev Zvi 5 kZ‡Ki GKwU cwiZ¨³ cyKz‡i gvQ Pv‡li D‡`¨vM †bb Ges Pvl ïi“ K‡ib| wKš—y wKQzw`b

hveZ ivwRqv j¶¨ K‡i †h, cyKz‡ii cvwb Nb meyR is aviY K‡i‡Q Ges gv‡S gv‡S g„Z gvQI †f‡m I‡V| 7g

†kÖwYi wk¶v_©x ivwRqv Zvi evev‡K G mgm¨v mgvav‡b cyKz‡i Zzu‡Z ev Kcvi mvj‡dU cÖ‡qv‡Mi civgk© †`q|

3. ivwRqvi evevi cyKz‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Zzu‡Z ev Kcvi mvj‡d‡Ui cwigvY K‡Zv?

K. 12-15 MÖvg L. 24-30 MÖvg M. 60-75 MÖvg N. 48-60 MÖvg

K…wl cÖhyw³

K…wlwk¶v

31

4. ivwRqvi evevi cyKz‡i D‡j −wLZ mgm¨vi KviY Kx?

K. cyKz‡i k¨vIjvi ¯Íi m„wó nIqv L. cyKz‡ii cvwb †Nvjv nIqv

M. cyKz‡i AwZwi³ Pzb †Ìqv N. cyKz‡ii cvwbi A¤−Z¡ I ¶viZ¡ Kg-†ewk nIqv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :

wPÎ : K wPÎ : L

K. Dw™¢‡ì A½R esk we¯Ívi ej‡Z Kx †evS?

L. A½R esk we¯Ív‡ii GKwU myweav e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. †Mvjv‡ci esk we¯Ív‡ii †¶‡Î wP‡Îi †Kvb c×wZwU Kvh©Kix? KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. wP‡Îi c×wZmg~n fv‡jv dj‡b Kxfv‡e f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i? we‡k−lY Ki|

2. k¨vgj evey Zvi cvwievwiK Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ evwoi cv‡ki ¯^í Rwg‡Z U‡g‡Uv I dzjKwc Pvl ïi “ K‡ib| G Qvov evwoi wcQ‡b Zvi 5 eQ‡ii cyi‡bv Av‡gi GKwU evMvbI Av‡Q| k¨vgj evey Avg evMv‡b †h †mP c×wZwU AbymiY K‡i mdjZv jvf K‡ib Zv Zvi mewR †¶‡Z cÖ‡qvM K‡ib| G‡Z mewR evMv‡b mgm¨v †`Lv †`q|

K. cvwb †mP †Kb †Ìqv nq?

L. †m‡Pi cvwbi Kvh©KvwiZv e„w×i GKwU cÖhyw³ e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. k¨vgj evey †h †mP c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i Pv‡l mdjZv cvb Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. k¨vgj evey Kxfv‡e mewR †¶‡Z D™¢~Z mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡eb we‡k−lY Ki|

32

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ :

1. KZ©b ev †Q` Kjg Kx?

2. wWg Drcv`‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Kx?

3. cyKz‡ii cvwb †Kb †kvab Kiv nq?

4. †ewk wWg cvov gyiwMi êwkó¨ D‡j −L Ki|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :

1. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb †mP cÖKí¸‡jv Kx Kx? 2. cvwb wbKvk ej‡Z Kx †evS? cvwb wbKv‡ki D‡Ïk¨mn AwZwi³ cvwbi ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jv

eY©bv Ki| 3. exR Kq av‡c Drcbœ Kiv nq? wewfbœ cÖKvi ex‡Ri eY©bv `vI| 4. De©i wWg Kx? wWg evQvB‡qi avcmg~n D‡j −Lc~e©K cÖvK…wZK Dcv‡q wWg †dvUv‡bv c×wZ

eY©bv Ki| O. Kxfv‡e †m‡Pi cvwbi AcPq n‡q _v‡K? †m‡Pi cvwbi Kvh©KvwiZv e„w× Kiv cÖ‡qvRb

†Kb?

K…wl cÖhyw³

K…wlwk¶v

33

wPÎ : Pv‡ji Kuzov

wPÎ : fyÆv fvOv

wPÎ : wUGmwc mvi

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

K…wl DcKiY Avgiv c~e©eZx© †kªwY‡Z Rvb‡Z †c‡iwQ gvwU n‡jv Dw™¢‡ì Aej¤^b Ges mvi n‡jv Zvi Lvevi| Avgiv wK Rvwb G mv‡i Kx Kx Dcv`vb _v‡K? mvi n‡jv Dw™¢‡ì cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jvi Avavi| Avi cÖvYxi †¶‡Î kK©iv, Avwgl, Pwe©, wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY n‡jv cywó Dcv`v‡bi Avavi| Ab¨w`‡K gvQ I cï-cvwLi Rb¨ Lv`¨ LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KviY G¸‡jv †_‡K Kvw•¶Z djb †c‡Z m¤ú~iK Lv‡`ï weKí †bB| Avevi Rwg‡Z mvi wn‡m‡e ˆRe mv‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv I f~wgKv ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| ZvB ˆRe mvi ˆZwi I Zvi eënvi Rvbv AZ¨vek¨K|

G Aa¨vq cvV †k‡l AvgivÑ

• cÖvYx I Dw™¢‡ì cywói cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie;

• gvQ I cï-cvwLi m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ cÖ ‘Z c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie;

• mnRjf¨ DcKiY (†hgbÑevmvevwoi eR© ) eënvi K‡i ˆRe mvi ˆZwii c×wZ I Gi eënvi eY©bv

Ki‡Z cvie;

• evjvBbvkK (ˆRe I AivmvqwbK) eënv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie;

34

cvVÑ1 : Dw™¢‡ì cywó Dcv`vb

Dw™¢ Zvi e„w× I cwicywói Rb¨ gvwU, evqy I cvwb n‡Z KZK¸‡jv Dcv`vb †kvlY K‡i| G Dcv`vb¸‡jvi Afv‡e Dw™¢ myôzfv‡e euvP‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB jvfRbKfv‡e AwaK km¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ G cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv mvi wn‡m‡e cÖ‡qvM K‡i G‡ì Afve c~iY Kiv nq| G Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡KB Dw™¢‡ì cywó Dcv`vb e‡j| G cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jvi Afve n‡j Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cywó Dcv`vb Øviv Zv c~iY Kiv hvq bv| ZvB G cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K AZ¨vek¨Kxq cywó Dcv`vb e‡j| GLv‡b Dw™¢‡ì cywó Dcv`v‡bi †kªwYwefvM, KvR, AfveRwbZ j¶Y Ges cywó Dcv`v‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

cywó Dcv`v‡bi †kªwYwefvM :

Dw™¢ cywó Dcv`vb n‡jv 17wU| Dw™¢‡ì MÖnYgvÎvi Dci wfwË K‡i G cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K 2wU †kªwY‡Z wef³ Kiv hvq| h_vÑ

(K) gyL¨ cywó Dcv`vb : G cywó Dcv`vb n‡jv 9wU| Dw™¢‡ì ¯^vfvweK e„w×i Rb¨ G cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv AwaK cwigv‡Y eëüZ nq| †hgbÑ Kve©b, nvB‡Wªv‡Rb, Aw·‡Rb, bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, dmdivm, cUvwmqvg, K¨vjwmqvg, g¨vM‡bwmqvg, mvjdvi|

(L) †MŠY cywó Dcv`vb : G cywó Dcv`vb n‡jv 8wU| Dw™¢‡ì ¯^vfvweK e„w×i Rb¨ G cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv AígvÎvq cÖ‡qvRb nq| G¸‡jv AígvÎvq eëüZ n‡jI Dw™¢‡ì Rxeb i¶vi Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨K| †hgbÑ †jŠn, g¨v½vwbR, gwje‡Wbvg, Zvgv, `¯—v, †evib, †K¬vwib, †Kvevë|

cywó Dcv`v‡bi Drm : Dw™¢‡ì 2wU Drm †_‡K 17wU cywó Dcv`vb MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| h_vÑ (K) cÖvK…wZK Drm I (L) K…wÎg Drm|

(K) cÖvK…wZK Drm : gvwU, evqy I cvwb G wZbwU n‡”Q cÖvK…wZK Drm|

gvwU : Kve©b, Aw·‡Rb I nvB‡Wªv‡Rb e¨ZxZ evwK 14wU cywó Dcv`vb Dw™¢` gvwU †_‡K †c‡q _v‡K|

evqy : Dw™¢ Kve©b I Aw·‡Rb evqy n‡Z MÖnY K‡i|

cvwb : Dw™¢` nvB‡Wªv‡Rb I Aw·‡Rb cvwb n‡Z cvq| GQvovI Dw™¢ cvwb‡Z ªexf~Z LwbR c`v_©I MÖnY K‡i|

(L) K…wÎg Drm : ˆRe mvi I ivmvqwbK mvi n‡”Q Dw™¢‡ì cywó Dcv`v‡bi K…wÎg Drm|

ˆRe mvi : Dw™¢‡ì cywó Dcv`v‡bi me¸‡jvB ˆRe mv‡i cvIqv hvq| †Mvei, K‡¤úv÷, AveR©bv, LoKzUv I AvMvQv cwP‡q ˆRe mvi wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq|

ivmvqwbK mvi : BDwiqv‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, wUGmwc‡Z dmdivm, Ggwc‡Z cUvwmqvg I wRcmv‡g K¨jwmqv‡gi cÖvavb¨ _v‡K|

KvR : wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡ì K‡qK `‡j wef³ K‡i cÖwZwU `‡j BDwiqv, wUGmwc, Ggwc, wRcmvg mv‡ii bgybv †`‡eb| G mvi¸‡jv cÖavbZ †Kvb †Kvb cywó Dcv`vb mieivn K‡i, Zv‡ì bvg I 3wU K‡i KvR wjL‡Z ej‡eb Ges Zv `jxqfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv‡eb|

K…wl DcKiY

K…wlwk¶v

35

cvV-2: cywó Dcv`v‡bi KvR

Dw™¢‡ì RxebP‡µ wewfbœ cywó Dcv`vb wewfbœ KvR K‡i _v‡K| wb‡P Dw™¢‡ì ¸i“Z¡c~Y© K‡qKwU cywó Dcv`v‡bi Kvh©vewj eY©bv Kiv n‡jvÑ

bvB‡Uªv‡Rb : (1) MvQ‡K Nb meyR iv‡L; (2) Mv‡Qi cvZv, KvÊ I Wvjcvjvi e„w× NUvq; (3) AwaK Kzwk m„wó‡Z mnvqZv K‡i; (4) `vbv RvZxq dm‡j Avwg‡li cwigvY e„w× cvq; (5) d‡ji AvKvi AvK…wZ eo K‡i; (6) cvZv RvZxq dm‡ji cwigvY I ¸Yv¸Y e„w× K‡i; (4) Dw™¢`‡K Liv I kxZ mnbkxj K‡i †Zv‡j| (5) Mv‡Qi cwicK¡Zv Avbq‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i|

dmdivm : (1) Dw™¢‡ì wkKo MV‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i; (2) mgqg‡Zv dzj †dvUvq I dmj cvKvq; (3) dm‡ji ¸YMZ gvb evovq|

cUvwmqvg : (1) k³ I gReyZ KvÊ MV‡b mnvqZv K‡i ; (2) Dw™¢‡ì †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv evovq; (3) Dw™¢‡ì cvZv, KvÛ I d‡ji e„w× mgybœZ iv‡L| (4) Mv‡Qi wkKo e„w× K‡i| (5) `vbv RvZxq k‡mï `vbv cyó K‡i| (6) ZvgvK cvZvi ¸Yv¸Y e„w× K‡i|

K¨vjwmqvg : (1) Dw™¢‡ì g~j MVb I e„w×‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i; (2) Dw™¢` †Kvl‡K kw³ cÖ`vb K‡i; (3) Wvj dm‡ji djb evovq; (4) dj RvZxq k‡mï KvÊ k³ K‡i; (5) Lv`¨k‡m¨ K¨vjwmqv‡gi cwigvY evovq|

g¨vM‡bwkqvg : (1) mv‡jvKms‡k−l‡Y mnvqZv K‡i; (2) dmdivm †kvl‡Y mvnvh¨ K‡i; (3) Pwe© I kK©iv RvZxq Lv`¨ ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i; (4) meyR is i¶vq mnvqZv K‡i|

MÜK (mvjdvi) : (1) †Zj RvZxq dmj Drcv`b e„w× K‡i; (2) wkg RvZxq dm‡ji g~‡j bvB‡Uªv‡Rb ¸wU Drcv`‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i; (3) wkKo e„w× I exR Drcv`‡b mnvqZv K‡i; (4) Mv‡Qi ˆ`wnK e„w×‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

`¯—v (wR¼) : (1) dzj I dj Drcv`‡b mnvqZv K‡i; (2) Dw™¢‡ì meyR KwYKv MV‡b mvnvh¨ K‡I; (3) `vbv I djRvZxq dm‡ji Drcv`b evovq; (4) exR MV‡b AskMÖnY K‡i; (5) †cuqvR, gUi cÖf„wZ dm‡ji Drcv`b evovq|

†jŠn ev Avqib : (1) Dw™¢‡ì meyR KYv MVb K‡i; (2) exR Drcv`‡b mnvqZv K‡i; (3) dm‡ji ¸YMZ gvb evovq; (4) euvav Kwc, kvjMg, gyjv BZ¨vwì djb e„w× K‡i; (5) wkKo e„w×‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

KvR : wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡ì Øviv bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, dmdivm, mvjdvi I K¨vjwmqvg bvgxq `j MVb Ki‡eb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wbR wbR `‡ji cywó Dcv`v‡bi KvR I Zv‡ì‡K †h †h mv‡i cvIqv hvq Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡Z ej‡eb| G †¶‡Î wk¶v_x©iv †kªwYK‡¶ wk¶‡Ki †`Lv‡bv bgybv mvi/bgybv Dw™¢` cÖ`k©b K‡i `jxq KvRwU Ki‡Z cv‡i|

36

cvV-3 : cywó Dcv`v‡bi AfveRwbZ j¶Y cywói Afv‡e Dw™¢` †ivMvµvš— n‡j we‡kl j¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Dw™¢` Zv cÖKvk K‡i| wb‡P KwZcq cywó Dcv`v‡bi

AfveRwbZ j¶Y D‡j−L Kiv n‡jv :

Dcv`vb AfveRwbZ j¶Y bvB‡Uªv‡Rb (1) Mv‡Qi cvZv nvjKv meyR †_‡K ïi“ K‡i njy` eY© aviY K‡i; (2) djb A‡bK Kg nq;

(3) exR Acyó nq; (4) `vbv RvZxq dm‡ji Kzwk Kg nq; (5) Mv‡Qi wkK‡oi we¯—…wZ Kg nq; (6) Mv‡Qi cvZv AvMvg S‡i c‡o; (7) ex‡Ri AvK…wZ †QvU nq; (8) cvk¦©Kuzwo ïwK‡q hvq|

dmdivm (1) weUc I g~‡ji ¯^vfvweK weKvk nq bv; (2) †Kvl wefvR‡b weNœ m„wó nq; (3) Mv‡Qi ¯^vfvweK e„w× nq bv; (4) cvZv Kg nq; (5) Avwg‡li cwigvY K‡g hvq; (6) dz‡ji msL¨v K‡g hvq; (7) dj S‡i hvq I d‡ji AvKvi †QvU _v‡K|

cUvwmqvg (1) Dw™¢‡ì †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv K‡g hvq; (2) †cvKv-gvK‡oi AvµgY ev‡o; (3) mv‡jvKms‡k−l‡Yi nvi n«vm cvq; (4) Mv‡Qi e„w× e¨vnZ nq; (5) Mv‡Qi cvZv Zvgv‡U eY© aviY K‡I; (6) wkK‡oi e„w× N‡U bv ;(7) Liv I ZzlvicvZ mn¨ Kivi ¶gZvI K‡g hvq|

MÜK (mvjdvi) (1) MvQ Lev©K…wZi nq| (2) cvZv †QvU I weeY© nq| (3) dm‡ji cwicK¡Zv wejw¤^Z nq| (4) KvÊ ïwK‡q mi“ n‡q hvq|(5) †Zj RvZxq k‡mï djb K‡g hvq| (6) av‡b wPUv †ewk nq| (7) avb Mv‡Qi †ejvq bZzb cvZv nj‡` n‡q hvq|(8) Mv‡Qi e„w× I Kzwki msL¨v K‡g hvq| (9) U‡g‡Uv cvZv nvjKv meyR nq; (10) †jey Mv‡Q mv`v‡U cvZv †ei nq|

`¯—v (wRsK ) (1) avb Mv‡Qi KwPcvZvi †Mvov mv`v n‡q hvq;(2) Mv‡Q dzj dzU‡Z I dj ai‡Z wej¤^ nq; (3) fyÆv, Zzjv, Kgjv‡jey BZ¨vw` Mv‡Qi cvZvi wkivi gaëZ©x ¯’v‡b weeY©Zv †`Lv †`q; (4) cvZvi e„w× e¨vnZ nq; (5) †jey Mv‡Qi cvZv KzuK‡o hvq; (6) Rwg‡Z †Kv_vI av‡bi Pviv eo nq Ges †Kv_vI †QvU nq; (7) Dw™¢‡ì g~j I Kv‡Êi AMÖfvM ïwK‡q hvq; (8) ZvgvK Mv‡Qi cyivZb cvZvq `vM c‡o|

†jŠn (Avqib) (1) KwP cvZvi meyR is weeY© nq; (2) cÖ_‡g cvZvi `yB wkivi gvSLv‡b wee©Y n‡q mgMÖ cvZvq Zv Qwo‡q c‡o; (3) MvQ Lev©K…wZi nq; (4) mqvweb, Kgjv‡jey I mewR RvZxq cvZvq cPb a‡i; (5) av‡bi exRZjvi Pvivi bZzb cvZv njy` n‡q hvq|

K¨vjwmqvg (1) KwP cvZvi AMÖfv‡Mi MVb A¯^vfvweK nq; 2) cvZvi meyR is weeY© nq; (3) cvZvi wKbvivq Ges gvSLv‡b nj‡` I ev`vwg is nq; (4) cvZv †QvU _v‡K; (5) MvQ Le©vK…wZi nq; (6) dzj I d‡ji Kzuwo S‡i hvq; 7) wkg RvZxq dm‡ji e„w× e¨vnZ nq|

g¨vM‡bwmqvg (1) cvZvi `yB wkivi gaëZ©x GjvKv njy` eY© aviY K‡i; 2) cvZv ax‡i ax‡i ïwK‡q hvq; (3) Mv‡Qi kvLv I cvZvi †evUv mi“ nq; 4) bZzb cvZv nvjKv meyR, Lv‡Uv Ges mi“ nq; (5) gUi `vbvq ev`vwg `vM †`Lv hvq; 6) wk‡gi cy‡iv cvZv njy` n‡q hvq; 7) †K¬v‡ivwdj Drcv`b e¨vnZ nq; 8) Mv‡Qi kvLv I cvZvi †evUv mi“ nq|

KvR : wk¶K bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, dmdivm, cUvwmqvg I wRs‡Ki Afv‡e Dw™¢‡` ev dm‡j Kx Kx j¶Y cÖKvk cvq Zvi bgybv w¯’iwPÎ ev wfwWI cÖ k©b Ki‡eb| wk¶v_x©iv D³ cywó Dcv`v‡bi Afve †Kvb †Kvb bgybvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Ges j¶Y¸‡jv Kx Kx Zv `jxqfv‡e wj‡L †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

K…wl DcKiY

K…wlwk¶v

37

cvV-4 : cÖvYxi cywó Dcv`vb

gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ †hgb Lv‡`ï cÖ‡qvRb †Zgwb cÖvYxi †eu‡P _vKvi RbÏ Lv‡`ï cÖ‡qvRb| Avgiv GLv‡b cÖvYxi cywó Dcv`vb ej‡Z ïay cï-cvwLi cywó Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© coe| cï-cvwLi Lv‡`¨ Zv‡ì ˆ`wnK e„w×, cywómvab, ¶qc~iY Ges †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv Rb¥vq| Kv‡RB G‡ì Lv‡`¨ mKj cywó Dcv`vb _vKv DwPZ|

M„ncvwjZ cïi cywó Dcv`vb :

M„ncvwjZ cïi Lv‡`¨ QqwU cywó Dcv`vb _vKv ìKvi| wb‡Pi Q‡K cywó Dcv`v‡bi bvg, cywói Drm I cywói Kvh©KvwiZv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :

cywó Dcv`vb cywói Drm cywói Kvh©KvwiZv Avwgl Wvj, ˆLj, ïuUwK gv‡Qi

¸uov, i³| (1) †`n‡K my¯’ I mej ivL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i; (2) †`‡ni ¶qc~iY I e„w×mvab K‡i|

kK©iv Mg, fyÆv, Lo, Pv‡ji Kzuov, †Svjv ¸o|

(1) †`‡n kw³ e„w×, Zvc Drcv`b I msi¶Y K‡i; (2) †`‡ni e„w× I Kg©¶gZv evovq; (3) †KvôKvwVb¨ `~i K‡i|

Pwe© ev †mœn RvZxq c`v_© ˆLj, mqvweb, ev`vg, m~h©gyLx, ya, gv‡Qi †Zj|

(1) †`‡n Zvc I Kg©kw³ e„w× K‡i; (2) Pvgovi gm„YZv e„w× K‡i Ges Pg©‡ivM cÖwZ‡iva K‡i|

wfUvwgb wewfbœ KuvPv Nvm, djg~j, kvKmewRi †Lvmv, Mv‡Qi cvZv|

(1) Pvgov, nvo I ùv‡Zi MVb I my¯’Zv i¶vi Rb¨ wfUvwgb wW mnvqZv K‡i; (2) wfUvwgb G †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|

LwbR c`v_© (dmdivm, †mvwWqvg, K¨vjwmqvg, g¨vM‡bwmqvg, `¯—v, †jŠn, g¨vsMvwbR, Kcvi I †Kvevë)

KuvPv Nvm, jeY wgwkªZ Dw™¢`RvZ Lv`¨|

(1) †`‡n bZzb wUmy¨ Drcv`‡b mnvqZv K‡i; (2) nvo, uv‡Zi MVb I cywó mvab K‡i; (3) i³ RgvU euva‡Z

mvnvh¨ K‡i|

cvwb cyKzi, Lvj, wej, b`x, Mfxi I AMfxi bjK~‡ci cwi®‹vi weï× cvwb, imvj KuvPv Nvm|

(1) ZvcgvÎv wbqš¿Y I Lv`¨ cwicv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i; (2) Lv`¨‡K ªexf~Z Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i; (3) †KvôKvwVb¨ `~i K‡i; (4) †`‡ni ~wlZ c`v_©, gjg~Î I Nv‡gi AvKv‡i †ei K‡i †`q|

mylg cywó Dcv`vb : Dc‡i Av‡jvwPZ cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv AvbycvwZK nv‡i †hme Lv‡`¨ we`¨gvb _v‡K, Zv‡K mylg cywó Dcv`vb mg„× Lv`¨ ev mylg Lv`¨ e‡j| G Lv`¨ Mevw`cïi Rb¨ LyeB Ri“wi| G Lv`¨ mKj cywó Dcv`vb mieivn K‡i _v‡K| GwU my ^v y I mnRcvP¨ n‡q _v‡K| G‡Z Avuk RvZxq Lv`¨ (ï®‹ I imv‡jv) Ges `vbv`vi Lv`¨ _v‡K|

Auvk RvZxq cywó Dcv`vb : (K) ï®‹ : av‡bi Lo, M‡gi Lo, mvB‡jR I Nvm;

(L) imvj : KuvPv Nvm, wgwó Avjy, gyjv, MvRi BZ¨vw`|

`vbv RvZxq Lv`¨ : Mg fv½v, fyÆv fvOv, Pv‡ji Kuzov, M‡gi fywm, ˆLj, Wv‡ji †Lvmv |

38

KvR : Acywó‡Z fyM‡Q Ggb M„ncvwjZ cï Ges mwVK cywóm¤úbœ my ’ M„ncvwjZ cïi w¯’iwPÎ ev wfwWI †kªwYK‡¶ †`Lv‡eb Ges wk¶v_x©‡ì‡K G yÕai‡bi M„ncvwjZ cïi kvixwiK MVb I my ’Zvi cv_©‡Kï KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ej‡eb| G KvRwU D³ Av‡jvPbv ev `jxqfv‡e wk¶K Kiv‡Z cvi‡eb|

cvV-5 : M„ncvwjZ cvwLi cywó Dcv`vb I Rx‡e cywói c‡qvRbxqZv Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxi g‡Zv M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RbÏ 6wU cywó Dcv`vb Ri“wi| GLv‡b cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jvi Drm I AviI wKQz Kvh©vewj m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|

1. kK©iv : kK©ivi Drm¸‡jv n‡jv M‡gi fywm, fyÆv fvOv, Pv‡ji Ly` I Kuzov, BZ¨vw`|

KvR : (1) fyÆv fv½v †L‡j wW‡gi Kzmyg njy nq; (2) †`‡n kw³ e„w×, Zvc Drcv`b I msi¶Y K‡i; (3) †`‡ni e„w× I Kg©¶gZv evovq; (4) †KvôKvwVb¨ ~i K‡i|

2. Avwgl : Avwg‡li Drm¸‡jv n‡jv ˆLj (ev`vg, wZj), WvjP~Y©, mqvweb P~Y©, ï®‹ uov (ïuUwK gvQ, cïi bvwof~uwo, nuv‡oi uov, i³) BZ¨vw`|

KvR : (1) †`n‡K my¯’ I mej ivL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i; (2) †`‡ni ¶qc~iY I e„w×mvab K‡i|

3. Pwe©/ˆZj : Drm¸‡jv n‡jv ˆZj RvZxq km¨, ˆLj BZ¨vw`|

KvR : (1) †`‡n Zvc I Kg©kw³ e„w× K‡i; (2) Pvgovi gm„YZv e„w× K‡i Ges Pg©‡ivM cÖwZ‡iva K‡i|

4. wfUvwgb : Drm¸‡jv n‡jv kvKmewR (cvjs, cyuB, †jUzm, gyjv, euvavKwc, dzjKwc, MvRi, gv‡Qi DcRvZ, meyR Nvm BZ¨vw`|

KvR : (1) wW‡gi De©iZv I Drcv`b ¶gZv e„w× K‡i; (2) Pvgov, nvo I ùv‡Zi MVb I my¯’Zv i¶vi Rb¨ wfUvwgb wW mnvqZv K‡i; (3) wfUvwgb G †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|

wPÎ : cyuBkvK

wPÎ : gyjvkvK

wPÎ : dzjKwc

K…wl DcKiY

K…wlwk¶v

39

5. LwbR c`v_© : Drm¸‡jv n‡jv gvs‡mi Dw”Qó, ïuUwK gv‡Qi ¸uov, kvgyK I wSbyK P~Y©, jeY, nv‡oi ¸uov BZ¨vw`|

KvR : (1) wW‡gi †Lvmv ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| (2) †`‡n bZzb wUmy¨ Drcv`‡b mnvqZv K‡i; (3) nvo, uv‡Zi MVb I cywó mvab K‡i; (4) i³ RgvU euva‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

6. cvwb : Drm¸‡jv n‡jv mieivnK…Z cvwb, KwPNvm, kvKmewR|

KvR : 1) ZvcgvÎv wbqš¿Y I Lv`¨ cwicv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i; (2) Lv`¨‡K `ªexf~Z Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i; (3) †KvôKvwVb¨ `~i K‡i; (4) †`‡ni `~wlZ c`v_© gjg~Î I Nv‡gi AvKv‡i †ei K‡i †`q|

D‡j−L¨ †h wSbyK, kvgyK, †QvU gvQ, KuvKov, †Ku‡Pv, †cvKvgvKo, RjR Dw™¢ BZ¨vw` nuv‡mi wcÖq Lv`ë¯‘|

mylg cywó Dcv`vb : nuvm-gyiwMi mylg Lv‡`¨ Dc‡i Dwj−wLZ mKj cywó Dcv`vb mwVK AbycvZ Abyhvqx we`¨gvb _v‡K| G Lv`¨ nuvm-gyiwMi Rb¨ LyeB cÖ‡qvRb|

cÖvYx I Dw™¢‡ì cywói cÖ‡qvRbxqZv : gvbyl, cï-cvwL I Dw™¢ cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB Rxeb Av‡Q| ZvB Zv‡ì Lv‡`ï cÖ‡qvRb nq| Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i cÖwZwU Rxe †eu‡P _v‡K| wKš‘ G Lv‡`¨ GKRvZxq cywó Dcv`vb _vK‡j G‡ì e„w× fv‡jv nq bv| ZvB Rx‡ei Z_v cÖvYx I Dw™¢‡ì RxebPµ myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ mKj cywó Dcv`vb LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jvi GKwUi Afve Ab¨wU Øviv c~iY m¤¢e bq| mylg gvÎvq cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv LvIqv‡j cï †_‡K gvsm, Pvgov I ya, nuvm-gyiwM †_‡K wWg I gvsm Ges Dw™¢ †_‡K dj, dzj I KvV fv‡jv cvIqv hvq| AZGe, cÖvYx I Dw™¢‡` cywói cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg|

cvV- 6 : m¤ú~iK Lv`¨

Avgiv †R‡bwQ Dw™¢ Zv‡ì cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv gvwU, cvwb I evqy †_‡K MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| wKš—y gvQ I cïcvwL †Kv_v †_‡K Zv‡ì Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K? DË‡i eje Auvk RvZxq Lvevi I `vbv`vi Lv`¨ †_‡K| wKš—y G Lvevi LvIqvi ciI gvQ, cï-cvwL †_‡K Kvw•¶Z djb cvIqv hvq bv| ZvB gvQ I cïcvwL †_‡K `ª“Z I AwaK Drcv`b †c‡Z cÖPwjZ Lvev‡ii cvkvcvwk cÖwZw`bB wKQz AwZwi³ Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv nq| G Lv`¨B n‡jv m¤ú~iK Lv`¨|

gv‡Qi m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ :

ïaygvÎ cÖvK…wZK Lv‡`¨ gv‡Qi Drcv`b Avkvbyi~c nq bv| mvi cÖ‡qvM K‡i ch©vß cÖvK…wZK Lv‡`ï †hvMvb w`‡j Zv‡ZI gv‡Qi cwic~Y© cywó mvab nq bv| AwaK Drcv`b †c‡Z n‡j cyKz‡i cÖwZw`b wbqwgZ m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ cyKzi †_‡K 30-40wU gvQ a‡i Mo IRb †ei K‡i cyKz‡ii me gv‡Qi AvbygvwbK †gvU IRb wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e| cyKz‡i Aew¯’Z gv‡Qi †gvU IR‡bi kZKiv 2-3 fvM nv‡i cÖwZw`b Lvevi †Ìqv DwPZ| A_©vr †Kv‡bv cyKz‡i me gv‡Qi †gvU IRb 100 †KwR n‡j H cyKz‡i ˆ`wbK 2-3 †KwR nv‡i Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e| wbgœi~c Dcv`vb I cwigvY Abyhvqx m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i :

40

wPÎ : cyKz‡i m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ †Ìqv n‡”Q

Dcv`vb cwigvY

Pv‡ji uov 50% mwilvi ˆLj 45%

wPUv¸o 05%

Kvc© RvZxq gv‡Qi Rb¨ : mgcwigvY Pv‡ji Kuzov, M‡gi fywm Ges mwilvi ˆLj GK‡Î wgwk‡q Kvc© gv‡Qi Lv`¨ ˆZwi Kiv hvq| GRb¨ ˆLj 12 NÈv Av‡M wfwR‡q ivL‡Z nq| wfRv ˆLj, Kzuov Ges fywm GK‡Î wgwk‡q †QvU †QvU e‡ji g‡Zv evwb‡q cyKz‡i †Ìqv nq| cÖ‡qvRbxq †gvU Lvevi yBfv‡M fvM K‡i GK fvM mKv‡j Ab¨ fvM we‡K‡j w`‡Z nq| cÖwZw`b GKB mg‡q wbw ©ó RvqMvq Lv`¨ w`‡Z nq| G‡Z gv‡Qi Lv`¨ MÖn‡Y myweav nq|

†cvbv gv‡Qi Rb¨ : wgwn Pv‡ji Kzuov, M‡gi fywm, mwilvi ˆLj, wdkwgj I Mevw`cïi i³ †Ìqv nq| wb‡P G Lv`¨ ˆZwii bgybv AbycvZ †Ìqv n‡jv Ñ

mwilvi ˆLj + cï i³ = 1 †KwR +1‡KwR

mwilvi ˆLj + Kzuov + cï i³ = 5 †KwR +3 †KwR +2 †KwR

mwilvi ˆLj + Kzuov + wdkwgj = 4 †KwR +3 †KwR +3 †KwR

Lv`¨¸‡jv G Abycv‡Z wgwk‡q cÖwZw`b cyKz‡i 2 evi wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

wPswoi Rb¨ : wPswoi Rb¨ 1 †KwR m¤ú~iK Lv‡`ï wewfbœ Dcv`vb I cwigvYÑ

Dcv`vb cwigvY Pv‡ji Kzuov ev M‡gi fywm 500 MÖvg mwilvi ˆLj 150 MÖvg ïuUwKi ¸uov/wdkwgj 250 MÖvg kvgyK-wSby‡Ki †Lvj‡mi uov 95 MÖvg jeY 3 MÖvg wfUvwgb wgkªY 2 MÖvg

†gvU 1000 MÖvg

KvR : wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡ì‡K `jxqfv‡e wPswoi Rb¨ 10 †KwR m¤ú~iK Lv‡`ï 1wU ZvwjKv †cv÷v‡i wjwce× Ki‡Z ej‡eb|

K…wl DcKiY

K…wlwk¶v

41

cvV-7 : cïi m¤ú~iK Lv`¨

Avgv‡ì †`‡k Lo, fywm, Kzuov, Pvj, Mg, ˆLj, Mv‡Qi cvZv, Nvm, AvMvQv BZ¨vw` cïLv`¨ wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| wKš—y Gme Lv‡`¨ Mevw`cï †_‡K Kvw•¶Z Drcv`b cvIqv hvq| ZvB Mevw`cï‡K m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ †Ìqv nq| m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ kK©iv, Avwgl, Pwe©, LwbR c`v_© I cvwb G 6wU Dcv`vb we‡ePbvq †i‡L ˆZwi Kiv nq| Avgv‡ì †`‡k Rb¥vq Ggb wKQz Nvm †hgbÑ Bwcj Bwcj, †bwcqvi, cviv, Rvg©vb, wMwb BZ¨vw` Ges †Lmvwi, KvDwc, gvmKvjvB, fyÆv cÖf„wZ m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e cï‡K LvIqv‡bv nq| cÖwZwU Mvfx‡K wb‡gœv³ nv‡i ˆ`wbK mylg Lv`¨ LvIqv‡Z n‡eÑ

Dcv`vb cwigvY meyR KuvPv Nvm 15-20 †KwR ïKbv Lo 3Ñ5 †KwR `vbv`vi Lv`¨ wgkªY 2Ñ3 †KwR jeY 55Ñ60 MÖvg

`vbv`vi Lv‡`ï †¶‡Î cÖ_g 3 wjUvi y‡ai Rb¨ 2 †KwR `vbv`vi Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e| cieZ©x cÖwZ 3 wjUvi y‡ai Rb¨ 1 †KwR AwZwi³ `vbv`vi Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e| hw` Mi“‡K ïay meyR Nvm I Lo LvIqv‡bv nq Z‡e cÖwZ 100 †KwR ˆ`wnK IR‡bi Rb¨ 3 †KwR Nvm Ges 1 †KwR Lo w`‡Z n‡e| Avevi ïay Nvm LvIqv‡j cÖwZ 100 †KwR IR‡bi Rb¨ 6 †KwR Nvm w`‡Z n‡e| ïay Lo LvIqv‡j cÖwZ 100 †KwR IR‡bi Rb¨ 3 †KwR Lo w`‡Z n‡e|

m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e `vbvì Lv`¨ wgkªYÑ

Dcv`vb cwigvY Pv‡ji Kzov 2 †KwR M‡gi fywm 5 †KwR fyÆv fv½v 1.8 †KwR wZj ev ev`vg ˆLj 1 †KwR jeY 100 MÖvg LwbR wgkªY 100 MÖvg

†gvU 10 †KwR

KvR : wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡`‡K `jxqfv‡e 2 †KwR `vbv`vi Lv`¨ ˆZwi Kivi †KŠkj †cv÷v‡i Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ej‡eb|

cvV-8 : nuvm-gyiwMi m¤ú~iK Lv`¨

evsjv‡`‡k MÖvgxY cwi‡e‡k Qvov Ae¯’vq †hme nuvmgyiwM cvjv nq †m¸‡jv wb‡Riv hZUzKz m¤¢e Lvevi Lvq Ges G‡ì‡K ïaygvÎ Pv‡ji Kuzov mieivn Kiv nq| G‡Z nuvm-gyiwM cywónxbZvq †fv‡M| GQvov Lvgv‡i Lvevi Dchy³ gvÎvq mieivn bv Ki‡jI nuvm-gyiwM cywónxbZvq †fv‡M| d‡j nuvm-gyiwM †_‡K Kvw•¶Z djb †hgbÑ wWg,

42

gvsm cvIqv hvq bv| GRb¨ G‡ì‡K 6wU cywó Dcv`vb (kK©iv, Avwgl, Pwe©, wfUvwgb, LwbR, cvwb) mg„× Lvevi wn‡m‡e mieivn Kiv nq| GUvB nuvm-gyiwMi m¤ú~iK Lv`¨| m¤ú~iK Lv‡`¨ `vbv RvZxq I Auvk RvZxq Lv`¨ ivL‡Z nq| wb‡P evoš— I †jqvi gyiwMi m¤ú~iK Lv‡`ï ZvwjKv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :

(K) 8Ñ16 mßvn eq‡mi evoš— gyiwMi Rb¨ :

Dcv`vb cwigvY

Mg fvOv 50 fvM

M‡gi fywm 10 fvM

Pv‡ji Kzuov 16 fvM

ïuUwK gv‡Qi ¸uov 9 fvM

wZ‡ji ˆLj 12 fvM

wSby‡Ki uov 2.5 fvM

jeY 0.5 fvM

†gvU 100 fvM

(L) 16 mßvn eq‡mi †ewk †jqv‡ii Rb¨Ñ

Dcv`vb cwigvY

Mg fvOv 46 fvM

M‡gi fywm 10 fvM

Pv‡ji Kzuov 15 fvM

ïuUwK gv‡Qi ¸uov 10 fvM

wZ‡ji ˆLj 15 fvM

wSby‡Ki uov 3.25 fvM

jeY 0.5 fvM

wfUvwgb wgbv‡ij 0.25 fvM

†gvU 100 fvM

cÖwZwU †jqvi‡K ˆ`wbK 110Ñ120 MÖvg Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e| m‡½ wfUvwgb I LwbR wgkªY w`‡Z n‡e|

KvR : wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡`‡i `jxqfv‡e 1 †KwR m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ ˆZwi, Lv`¨ DcKiY I cwigvYmn GKwU †cv÷vi ˆZwi Ki‡Z ej‡eb|

cvV-9 : ˆRe mvi Avgiv lô †kªwY‡Z mv‡ii cÖKvi‡f` I wewfbœ ˆRe mvi m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| Gev‡i Avgiv ˆRe mvi ˆZwi I Zvi eënvi m¤ú‡K© Rvbe| gvwU‡Z ˆRe mvi eënv‡iÑ

K…wl DcKiY

K…wlwk¶v

43

(1) gvwU‡Z ˆRe c`v‡_©i cwigvY e„w× cvq; (2) gvwUi †fŠZ, ivmvqwbK I ˆRweK ¸Yv¸‡Yi DbœwZ nq; (3) gvwU¯’ AYyRx‡ei Kvh©vewj e„w× cvq; (4) gvwUi cvwb aviY¶gZv e„w× cvq; (5) gvwU †_‡K cywói AcPq Kg nq; (6) gvwUi De©iZv ev‡o; (7) gvwUi mshyw³i DbœwZ nq; (8) dm‡ji djb, Drcv`b I ¸YMZgvb e„w× cvq; (9) gvwUi cwi‡ek DbœZ nq|

KvR : wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡ì K‡qKwU `‡j wef³ K‡i ÔˆRe mvi eënv‡ii DcKvwiZvÕ wel‡q †kªwY‡Z wjL‡Z w`‡eb Ges `jMZfv‡e Zv Dc¯’vcb Kivi eë¯’v Ki‡eb|

Gevi Avgiv ˆRe mvi wn‡m‡e K‡¤úv÷ mvi, meyR mvi I ˆLj ˆZwi wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie|

K‡¤úv÷ ˆZwi : Mevw`cïi Dw”Qó, LoKzUv, wewfbœ cÖKvi K…wleR© , AvMvQv, KPzwicvbv cÖf„wZ Lvgvi cÖv½‡Y ¯—‡i ¯—‡i mvwR‡q AYyRx‡ei mvnv‡h¨ cwP‡q †h mvi ˆZwi Kiv nq, Zv‡K K‡¤úv÷ mvi ejv nq| Kv‡RB A‡bK¸‡jv wRwbm GK‡Î cwP‡q ev KL‡bv KL‡bv GKwUgvÎ Dcv`vb ØvivI K‡¤úv÷ ˆZwi Kiv hvq| ywU c×wZ‡Z K‡¤úv÷ ˆZwi Kiv hvq| h_vÑ (K) ¯—~c c×wZ; (L) cwiLv c×wZ|

GLv‡b Avgiv cwiLv c×wZ‡Z K‡¤úv÷ mvi ˆZwi m¤ú‡K© Rvbe|

cwiLv c×wZ‡Z K‡¤úv÷ ˆZwi : cwiLv c×wZ‡Z mviv eQi K‡¤úv÷ ˆZwi Kiv hvq| G c×wZ‡Z mvi ˆZwii wbqgvejx

1. cÖ_‡g GKwU DuPz ¯’vb wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e; (2) wbe©vwPZ ¯’v‡b 3 wgUvi ˆ`N© I 2 wgUvi cÖ ’ I 1.2 wgUvi MfxiZv wewkó cwiLv Lbb Ki‡Z n‡e; (3) Gfv‡e 6wU cwiLv cvkvcvwk Lbb Ki‡Z n‡e; (4) cwiLvi Dci Pvjvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e; (5) cuvPwU cwiLv ¯—~c c×wZi b¨vq AveR©bv, LoKzUv, jZvcvZv, †Mvei w`‡q ch©vqµ‡g mvRv‡Z n‡e Ges GKwU cwiLv Lvwj _vK‡e; (6) cÖwZwU cwiLvi AveR©bvi ¯—~c f~c„ô n‡Z 30 †mwg DuPz n‡e; (7) Pvi mßvn ci wbKUeZx© cwiLvi K‡¤úv÷ Lvwj cwiLvq ¯’vbvš—i Ki‡Z n‡e; (8) Gfv‡e K‡¤úv‡÷i Dcv`vb¸‡jv IjUcvjU Ki‡Z n‡e| d‡j Dcv`vb¸‡jvi cPbwµqvI Z¡ivwš^Z n‡e;

2. 2-3 gv‡mi g‡a¨ Dcv`vb¸‡jv m¤ú~Y© c‡P K‡¤úv÷ ˆZwi n‡e|

K‡¤úv÷ mv‡ii DcKvwiZv : K‡¤úv÷ mvi eënv‡iÑ

(1) gvwUi De©iZv I Drcv`b kw³ e„w× cvq; (2) gvwU‡Z cywó Dcv`vb hy³ nq; (3) gvwU¯’ cywó Dcv`vb msi¶Y K‡i; (4) gvwUi mshyw³i Dbœqb N‡U; (5) gvwUi cvwb aviY¶gZv I evqy PjvPj ev‡o; (6) gvwU¯’ AYyRxe¸‡jv wµqvkxj nq|

wPÎ : cwiLv c×wZ‡Z K‡¤úv÷ ˆZwi

44

cvV-10 : meyR mvi ˆZwi

Rwg‡Z †h †Kv‡bv meyR Dw™¢` Rwb¥‡q KwP Ae¯’vq Rwg Pvl K‡i gvwUi wb‡P †d‡j cwP‡q †h mvi cÖ ‘Z Kiv nq, Zv‡K meyR mvi e‡j| aBÂv, †MvgUi, eiewU, kb, KjvB Gme dmj Øviv G mvi ˆZwi Kiv hvq|

1. cÖ_‡g Gme dm‡ji †h †Kv‡bv GKwU Rwg‡Z Pvl Ki‡Z n‡e| dzj Avmvi Av‡M Zv gB w`‡q gvwUi mv‡_ †gkv‡Z n‡e;

2. Zvici AviI 3-4 evi Pvl I gB w`‡q gvwU IjUcvjU K‡i gvwUi mv‡_ fv‡jvfv‡e †gkv‡j 2 mßv‡ni g‡a¨ m¤ú~Y© c‡P hvq;

3. meyR mvi †hLv‡b ˆZwi nq †mLv‡bB eëüZ nq|

meyR mvi wn‡m‡e aBÂv Pvl I mvi cÖ¯‘wZ :

1. †h †Kv‡bv Rwg‡Z 2/3 wU Pvl w`‡Z n‡e;

2. PvlK…Z Rwg‡Z cÖwZ kZ‡K 70 MÖvg dm‡dU I 50 MÖvg cUvk wQUv‡Z n‡e;

3. Zvici cÖwZ kZ‡K 200 MÖvg K‡i aBÂv exR ecb Ki‡Z n‡e;

4. exR ec‡bi cÖvq AvovB gv‡mi g‡a¨ Mv‡Q dzj Avmv ïi“ Ki‡e;

5. G mgq jv½j w`‡q Pvl w`‡q MvQ¸‡jv gvwUi wb‡P †dj‡Z n‡e| MvQ j¤^v n‡j Kv‡¯— ev `v w`‡q †K‡U †QvU K‡i Rwg Pvl Ki‡Z n‡e;

meyR mv‡ii DcKvwiZv : meyR mvi eënv‡iÑ

1. gvwUi De©iZv ev‡o;

2. gvwU‡Z cÖPzi ˆRe c`v_© †hvM nq;

3. gvwU‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi cwigvY e„w× cvq;

4. gvwU¯’ AYyRx‡ei Kvh©vewj e„w× cvq;

5. gvwU¯’ cywó Dcv`vb msi¶Y K‡i;

6. gvwUi ˆRweK cwi‡ek DbœZ K‡i|

ˆLj ˆZwi : †Zj exR n‡Z †Zj †ei K‡i †bqvi ci †h Ask Aewkó _v‡K Zv‡K ˆLj e‡j| mvi I †MvLv`¨ wn‡m‡e ˆLj eëüZ n‡q _v‡K| wewfbœ iKg †ZjexR †_‡K wewfbœ iK‡gi ˆLj cvIqv hvq| †hgbÑ Zzjv ex‡Ri ˆLj, mwilvi ˆLj, ev`v‡gi ˆLj, wZ‡ji ˆLj, wb‡gi ˆLj, wZwmi ˆLj BZ¨vw`| G ai‡bi mv‡i bvB‡Uªv‡Rb †ewk _v‡K| G mvi fv‡jvfv‡e uov K‡i Rwg‡Z eënvi Ki‡Z nq|

KvR : wk¶K †kªwYK‡¶ wKQz cwigvY K‡¤úv÷ mvi wb‡q Avm‡eb| wk¶v_x©‡ì K‡qKwU `‡j fvM K‡i D³ mvi¸‡jv we`¨vj‡qi evMvb ev U‡e Zv‡ì Øviv cÖ‡qvM Kivi eë¯’v Ki‡eb| G‡¶‡Î wk¶K cÖ‡qv‡Mi wbqgvewj wkwL‡q †`‡eb|

A_ev

KvR : wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡ì K‡qK `‡j wef³ K‡i cwiLv c×wZ‡Z K‡¤úv÷ ˆZwii wPwýZ wPÎ I K‡¤úv÷ mv‡ii eënvi m¤úwK©Z GKwU †cv÷vi ˆZwi Ki‡Z ej‡eb| wk¶K †m¸‡jv g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|

K…wl DcKiY

K…wlwk¶v

45

cvV-11 : ˆRe I AivmvqwbK evjvBbvk‡Ki cwiwPwZ

evjvBbvkK‡K ejv nq bxie NvZK| evjvBbvkK n‡jv ˆRe, AivmvqwbK Ges ivmvqwbK| ivmvqwbK evjvBbvkK cÖ‡qv‡M cwi‡e‡ki Pig ¶wZ n‡”Q| G ¶wZ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB cywl‡q †bqv m¤¢e bq| evjvBbvkK gvÎB wel| wel cÖ‡qv‡M †hme dmj Drcvw`Z nq ZvI wel| wel kãUv †hgb AvZ¼ †Zgwb Zvi fqvenZvI gvivZ¥K| Kv‡RB cwi‡ek‡K euvPv‡Z n‡j Ges welgy³ dmj djv‡bvi Rb¨ ˆRe I AivmvqwbK evjvBbvkK eënvi Kiv DwPZ| †h me evjvBbvkK wewfbœ cÖKvi Dw™¢` im/wbh©vm cÖvwYR DcRvZ Ges wewfbœ ˆRweK Kjv‡KŠkj †_‡K ˆZwi Kiv nq, Zv‡ì‡K ˆRe I AivmvqwbK evjvBbvkK e‡j| G‡mv Avgiv ˆRe I AivmvqwbK evjvBbvkK m¤ú‡K© Rvwb|

(K) ˆRe evjvBbvkK : 1. GjvgÊv Mv‡Qi wbh©vm QÎvK bvkK wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv hvq; 2. imy‡bi wbh©vm QÎvK I e¨vK‡Uwiqv bvkK wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv hvq; 3. wb‡gi wbh©vm (Qvj, cvZv, dzj I dj) RxevYybvkK wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv hvq| ïK‡bv wbgcvZvi ¸uov exR

dmj/¸`vgRvZ k‡mï mv‡_ wgwkªZ K‡i KxUcZ‡½i AvµgY n‡Z †invB cvIqv hvq| wb‡gi †Zj I ˆLj dm‡ji g~‡ji K…wgbvkK| †hgb : wbgwewmwWb;

4. ZvgvK cvZvi wbh©vm Ôwb‡KvwUb mvj‡dUÕ eënvi K‡i dm‡ji KvÊ ev cvZvq KxUcZ‡½i AvµgY †iva Kiv hvq;

5. gyiwMi cPbK…Z weôv I mwilvi ˆLj eënv‡ii gva¨‡g wewfbœ mewR dm‡ji gvwUevwnZ †ivM `gb Kiv hvq;

6. myMviwe‡Ui wkKo †_‡K AvnwiZ jvB‡gv e¨vK‡Uwiqv cÖRvwZ Dw™¢‡ì gvwUevwnZ ÔW¨vw¤ús AdÕ †ivM `g‡b GKwU Kvh©Kwi e¨vK‡Uwiqvg| GwU †cvlK Dw™¢ , h_vÑ cvjskvK I myMviwe‡Ui wkKovÂ‡j hy³ n‡q K‡jvwb ˆZwi K‡i Ges RxevYybvkK Gw›Uev‡qvwUK wbtmi‡Yi gva¨‡g Dw™¢` †ivM `gb K‡i _v‡K;

7. UªvB‡KvWvigv RvZxq cÖRvwZ e¨vK‡Uwiqv I QÎvKbvkK wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq; 8. wewfbœ ai‡bi RxevYy mvi cÖ‡qvM K‡i QÎvK I e¨vK‡Uwiqv n‡Z †invB cvIqv hvq|

(L) AivmvqwbK evjvBbvkK : 1. av‡bi cvZvi jvj‡P †iLv †ivM gy³ Ki‡Z n‡j av‡bi exR 540 †m: ZvcgvÎvq cvwb‡Z 15 wgwbU

wfwR‡q †i‡L exRevwnZ †ivM e¨vK‡Uwiqv ~i Kiv hvq; 2. Rve †cvKv `g‡b †jwWevW© weUj †cvKv Wvj I †Zj RvZxq dm‡j e„w× Kiv hvq; 3. dm‡ji ¶wZKi †cvKv `g‡b †cÖBs g¨vbwUf Gi msL¨v evov‡bv hvq; 4. Wvwjg d‡ji Pviw`‡K cvZjv Kvco w`‡q †X‡K w`‡j †cvKv Wvwjg‡K AvµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv; 5. Rwg‡Z mylg mvi eënvi Ki‡j †cvKvgvKo I †ivMRxevYy A‡bK Kg nq; 6. †cvKvi Avkªq¯’j n‡jv AvMvQv| Kv‡RB Rwg †_‡K memgq AvMvQv cwi®‹vi ivL‡Z n‡e; 7. Av‡jvi duv` †c‡Z c~Y© eq¯‹ †cvKv a‡i †djv ev †g‡i †djv; 8. nvZ Rvj eënvi K‡i †cvKv a‡i †djv; 9. Rwg‡Z Mv‡Qi Wvj ev euv‡ki KwÂ cyu‡Z cvwL ewm‡q †cvKv LvIqv‡bvi eë¯’v K‡i; 10. avb †¶‡Z gv‡Qi Pvl K‡i; 11. dmj msMÖ‡ni ci bvov cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e; 12. Kjg Pviv eënv‡ii gva¨‡g †e¸b I U‡g‡Uvi e¨vK‡Uwiqvj DBë †ivM `gb Kiv hvq; 13. †d‡iv‡gvb I wgwó Kzgovi duv` eënv‡ii gva¨‡g Kzgov RvZxq dm‡ji gvwQ, †cvKv `gb Kiv hvq;

46

14. †gnMwb dj †_‡K msM„nxZ wbh©vm I †Zj †flR KxUbvkK wn‡m‡e eënvi I cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq; 15. ciRxex †cvKvi msL¨v e„w× K‡i| †hgbÑ †bK‡o gvKomv, Nvmdwos, W¨vg‡mj gvwQ, wgwiWevM

BZ¨vw`; 16. Rwg‡Z e¨v‡Oi msL¨v e„w× K‡i|

cvVÑ12 : K…wl‡Z ivmvqwbK evjvBbvkK eënv‡ii Kzdj

e¨vcKfv‡e ivmvqwbK evjvBbvkK eënv‡ii Kvi‡Y K…wl‡Z myweavi †P‡q Amyweav †ewk nq| K…wl‡Z Gi Amyweav ev ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jv n‡jvÑ 1. `xN©w`b eënv‡ii d‡j km¨ †¶‡Z evjvB ev KxUcZ½ evjvBbvkK‡K evav`v‡bi ¶gZv AR©b K‡i| d‡j H evjvBbvkK w`‡q Avi wbw`©ó KxU ev evjvB‡K aŸsm Kiv hvq bv; 2. AwaKvsk KxUbvkK cÖvK…wZK wkKvwi Rxe I g„wËKvi DcKvix AYyRxe¸‡jv‡K aŸsm K‡i †d‡j; 3. km¨‡¶‡Z cÖ‡qvMK…Z KxUbvkK I evjvBbvk‡Ki Lye mvgvb¨ Ask (1% ev Gi KvQvKvwQ) Kvw•¶Z KxU ev evjvB‡qi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i; 4. cÖ‡qvMK…Z ivmvqwbK evjvBbvk‡Ki GKwU eo Ask evZv‡m, f~-c„‡ôi cvwb‡Z, f~-Mf© ’ cvwb‡Z AbycÖ‡ek K‡i Ges Rx‡ei Lv`¨P‡µ Xy‡K c‡o; 5. evjvBbvkK g„wËKvi MVb cÖwµqv‡K e¨vnZ Kivi gva¨‡g g„wËKvi De©iZv n«vm K‡i; 6. ivmvqwbK evjvBbvkK Rxe êwPÎ¨‡K aŸsm K‡i; 7. ivmvqwbK evjvBbvkK mvwe©Kfv‡e c„w_exi cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki ¶wZmvab K‡i;

KvR-1 : m¤¢e n‡j wk¶K KxUcZ½ `g‡b Lv`K, †cvKvgvKo eënvi, ni‡gvb duv`, Av‡jvi duv` I ivmvqwbK evjvBbvk‡Ki eënvi wfwWI/Qwe/†cv÷vi bgybvi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡eb| KvR-2 : wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡ì GKKfv‡e ÔivmvqwbK evjvBbvkK eënv‡ii KzdjÕ wel‡q †cv÷vi A¼b Ki‡Z ej‡eb A_ev wjL‡Z ej‡eb|

A_ev

KvR-1 : wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡ì AcKvix ev ¶wZKi †cvKv Lv`K †cvKv I cvwLi bv‡gi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡Z ej‡eb| G KvRwU wk¶K `jxqfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi eë¯’v Ki‡eb|

KvR-2 : wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡ì K‡qKwU `‡j wef³ K‡i ˆRe I AivmvqwbK evjvBbvk K‡i Rgv w`‡Z ej‡eb|

KvR : wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡ì‡K `jxqfv‡e ivmvqwbK I AivmvqwbK evjvBbvk‡Ki myweav I Amyweav¸‡jv wjL‡Z ej‡eb|

K…wl DcKiY

K…wlwk¶v

47

Abykxjbx

k~b¨¯’vb c~iY 1. Dw™¢` cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K ............... cywó Dcv`vb e‡j| 2. cÖwZwU †jqvi‡K ˆ`wbK .............. MÖvg Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e| 3. M„ncvwjZ cï Lv‡`¨ ................... cywó Dcv`vb _vKv ìKvi| 4. ................ c×wZ‡Z K‡¤úv÷ ˆZwi Kiv hvq|

wgj KiY: evgcvk Wvbcvk 1. Wvj, ˆLj, ïuUwK ¸uov Avuk RvZxq cywó Dcv`vb 2. bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, K¨vjwmqvg K…wÎg Drm 3. ˆRe I ivmvqwbK mvi cywó Dcv`vb 4. KuvPv Nvm, gyjv, MvRi Avwgl kK©iv

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ : 1. Dw™¢‡ì cywó Dcv`vb KqwU?

K. 11 L. 14 M. 17 N. 20

2. Dw™¢‡` Kve©b I nvB‡Wªv‡Rb NvUwZ c~i‡Y cÖ‡qvRb-

i. cvwb

ii. gvwU

iii. evqy

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 3 I 4 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: mvjgv bZzb gyiwM Pvwl, †m wWg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ evRvi †_‡K 18 wU gyiwM I 6 †KwR gyiwMi Lv`¨ wK‡b

Av‡b|wKš—y `yÕw`b ci †m j¶ Kij gyiwMi wW‡gi †Lvmv¸‡jv †ek big cÖK…wZi, d‡j †m wePwjZ n‡q c‡o|

3. b~¨bZg nv‡i Lv`¨ LvIqv‡j mvjgv µqK…Z Lv`¨ gyiwM¸‡jv‡K Kqw`b LvIqv‡Z cvi‡e?

K. 1 L. 2 M. 3 N. 4

48

4. mvjgvi gyiwMi wWg Drcv`‡b m„ó mgm¨v mgvav‡b Lv‡`¨ †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e-

K. ˆLj L. Wvj PzY©

M. fyÆv fvOv N. jeY

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1. mi`vicvov MÖv‡gi K…lK nvwdR 20 kZvsk Rwg eM©v wb‡q avb Pvl ïi“ K‡i j¶ Kij avb Pvivi Kzwk

Avkvbyyi~c nv‡i MRv‡”Q bv Ges Rwg‡Z †cvKvgvKo †`Lv hv‡”Q| wPwš—Z nvwdR‡K wewfbœRb ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvkK cÖ‡qv‡Mi civgk© w`‡jI †m †mwU MÖnY K‡ib wb| d‡j cÖ_g `dvq †m mdj bv n‡jI c‡ii eQi ˆRe eë¯’vcbv MÖnY K‡i †m H Rwg n‡Z Kvw•¶Z dj AR©b K‡i| K. Dw™¢‡ì cywó Dcv`vb ej‡Z Kx †evS? L. cwiLv c×wZ‡Z K‡¤úv÷ ˆZwii †¶‡Î GKwU cwiLv duvKv ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki| M. cÖ_g `dvq Kx ai‡Yi ˆRe eë¯’vcbv MÖnY Ki‡j nvwdR D™¢~Z cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z

cviZ Zv eY©bv Ki| N. nvwd‡Ri wØZxq ev‡ii Pvl eë¯’vcbv ïay cywó NvUwZ c~iYB bq †ivMevjvB `g‡bI mnvqK

f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q, g~j¨vqb Ki|

2. Avnv` wØZxqev‡ii g‡Zv evwoi cv‡ki cwZZ RwgwU Pv‡li Rb¨ wVK K‡i †e¸‡bi Pviv †ivcY Kij| Pviv¸‡jv eo n‡j dzj I dj Av‡m| wKš‘ GK mgq Rwgi †ewk fvM †e¸b Mv‡Qi Kv‡Û I WMvq wewfbœ iK‡gi †cvKvi Dcw¯’wZ †`Lv hvq Avi wKQz wKQz †e¸‡b †QvU Kv‡jv wQ ª j¶ Kiv hvq| MZ eQi GB GKB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Avnv` KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM K‡iwQj wKš—y †Kv‡bv DcKvi cvq bvB eis A‡_©i AcPq n‡q‡Q| ZvB Gevi †m weKí Dcvq LyuR‡Z K…wl Kg©KZ©vi m‡½ civgk© K‡i|

K. cwi‡ek‡K euvPv‡Z Kx ai‡bi evjvBbvkK eënvi Ki‡Z nq?

L. Kx Kvi‡Y evjvBbvkK‡K bxie NvZK ejv nq e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. Avnv‡ì mewR †¶‡Zi mgm¨v `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq eY©bv Ki|

N. cÖ_g evi mewR †¶‡Z Avnv‡ì M„nxZ c`‡¶‡ci djvdj g~j¨vqb Ki|

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ :

K. AZ¨vek¨Kxq cywó Dcv`vb ej‡Z Kx †evS? L. Dw™¢ cywó Dcv`v‡bi Drmmg~n KqwU I Kx Kx? M. M¤ú~iK Lv`¨ ej‡Z Kx †evS? N. meyR mvi Kx?

6| iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

K. meyR mv‡ii DcKvwiZv eY©bv Ki|

L. evjvBbvkK ej‡Z Kx †evS? wewfbœ cÖKvi evjvBbvk‡Ki eY©bv `vI|

M. K…wl‡Z ivmvqwbK evjvBbvkK eënv‡ii ¶wZKi w`K D‡j −L Ki|

N. Dw™¢‡ì RxebP‡µ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, dmdivm I cUvwmqv‡gi f~wgKv eY©bv Ki|

O. K‡¤úv÷ mvi ej‡Z Kx †evS? K‡¤úv÷ mvi ˆZwii cwiLv c×wZ eY©bv Ki|

K…wl DcKiY

K…wlwk¶v

49

PZz_© Aa¨vq

K…wl I Rjevqy G Aa¨v‡q cÖ_‡g K…wl †gŠmyg, K…wl †gŠmy‡gi êwkó¨, iwe, Lwic I †gŠmyg wbi‡c¶ dmj Ges G me dm‡ji êwkó¨ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cieZx© mg‡q dmj Drcv`‡b AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi cÖfve eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk cÖwZK~j AvenvIqv I Rjevqy †hgbÑ AwZ e„wó, wkjve„wó, Liv, eb¨v I Rjve×Zv m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G me cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡k dm‡ji Kx Kx ai‡bi ¶wZ nq †m m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Aa¨vq cvV †k‡l Avgiv-

• K…wl †gŠmy‡gi êwkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie| • iwe I Lwic †gŠmy‡gi dmjvw` kbv³ Ki‡Z cvie| • †gŠmyg wbi‡c¶ dmjvw` kbv³ Ki‡Z cvie| • K…wl Drcv`‡b AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie| • K…wl Drcv`b I K…wl cwi‡ek we‡ePbvq evsjv‡`k‡K cÖavb K‡qKwU AÂ‡j wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvie|

wPÎ : wkjve„wó

wPÎ : eb¨v

wPÎ : Liv

50

cvV Ñ1 : K…wl †gŠmyg

lô †kªwYi PZz_© Aa¨v‡q Avgiv dmj Drcv`‡b AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi ¸i“Z¡ m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| †Kvb AÂ‡j KLb

†Kvb dmj Rb¥v‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i †m AÂ‡ji Rjevqyi Dci| ZvB †Kv‡bv AÂj ev †`‡ki dmj Drcv`‡bi aib

I mgq Rvb‡Z n‡j †m AÂj ev †`‡ki Rjevqy‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e| ZvcgvÎv, e„wócvZ, evqycÖevn, m~h©v‡jvK,

evqyPvc, evqyi Av ª©Zv BZ¨vw` n‡jv AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi Dcv`vb| G Dcv`vb¸‡jvB dmj Drcv`‡b cÖfve we¯—vi

K‡i|

evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb, mgy ª †_‡K D”PZv I ~iZ¡, ZvcgvÎv, Av ª©Zv, e„wócvZ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv

hvq †h, evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqy bvwZkx‡Zvò ev mgfvevcbœ| cwiwgZ e„wócvZ, ga¨g kxZKvj, Av ª© MÖx®§Kvj

evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqyi cÖavb êwkó¨| G ai‡bi Rjevqy K…wl Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ LyeB mnvqK|

GKwU dmj exR ecb †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Zvi kvixwiK e„w× I dzj-dj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †h mgq †bq Zv‡K H

dm‡ji †gŠmyg e‡j| A_©vr †Kv‡bv dm‡ji exR ecb †_‡K dmj msMÖn ch©š— mgq‡K †m dm‡ji †gŠmyg e‡j|

evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqyi Dci wbf©i K‡i eQ‡ii wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ ai‡bi dmj R‡b¥| dmj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ mviv

eQi‡K cÖavbZ ywU †gŠmy‡g fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q; h_vÑ

K. iwe †gŠmyg

L. Lwic †gŠmyg

K. iwe †gŠmyg : Avwk¦b †_‡K dvêyb gvm ch©š— mgq‡K iwe †gŠmyg e‡j| iwe †gŠmy‡gi cÖ_g w`‡K wKQz e„wócvZ

nq, Z‡e Zv LyeB Kg n‡q _v‡K| G †gŠmy‡g ZvcgvÎv, evqyi Av`ª©Zv I e„wócvZ meB Kg n‡q _v‡K|

L. Lwic †gŠmyg : ˆPÎ †_‡K fv ª gvm ch©š— mgq‡K Lwic †gŠmyg e‡j| Lwic †gŠmyg‡K Avevi yB fv‡M fvM Kiv

nq; h_vÑ 1. Lwic-1 ev MÖx®§Kvj Ges 2. Lwic-2 ev el©vKvj|

LwicÑ1 : ˆPÎ †_‡K ˆRô gvm ch©š— mgq‡K Lwic-1 †gŠmyg ev MÖx®§Kvj ejv nq| G †gŠmy‡g ZvcgvÎv †ewk

_v‡K Ges gv‡S gv‡S So-e„wó I wkjve„wó n‡q _v‡K|

Lwic-2 : Avlvp †_‡K fv ª gvm ch©š— mgq‡K Lwic-2 †gŠmyg ev el©vKvj ejv nq| G mgq cÖPzi e„wócvZ nq,

evZv‡m Av ª©Zv †ewk _v‡K Ges ZvcgvÎv gvSvwi gvÎvi nq|

†h mKj dm‡ji e„w× I dzj-dj Drcv`b ZvcgvÎv, e„wócvZ, evqyi Av ª©Zv, w`‡bi ˆ`N© BZ¨vw` Øviv

e¨vcKfv‡e cÖfvweZ nq, †Kej †m mKj dm‡jiB †gŠmygwfwËK †kªwYwefvM Kiv nq| eû el©Rxex dmj †hgb-

djR, ebR I Ilwa dm‡ji †¶‡Î †gŠmyg wfwËK †kªwYwefvM †Zgb cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|

K…wl DcKiY

K…wlwk¶v

51

wPÎ : K…wl †gŠmyg bZzb kã : K…wl †gŠmyg, iwe †gŠmyg, Lwic-1, Lwic-2| cvV 2 : iwe †gŠmy‡gi dmj bZzb kã : K…wl †gŠmyg , iwe †gŠmyg, Lwic-1, Lwic-2| cvV-: iwe †gŠmy‡gi dmj

cvV-2: iwe †gŠmy‡gi dmj iwe dmj :

†hme dm‡ji kvixwiK e„w× I dzj-dj Drcv`‡bi cy‡iv ev AwaK mgq iwe †gŠmy‡g nq Zv‡ì‡K iwe dmj e‡j| iwe dmj‡K kxZKvjxb dmjI ejv n‡q _v‡K| iwe dm‡ji êwkó¨ Rvb‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì iwe †gŠmy‡gi êwkó¨ fv‡jvfv‡e Rvb‡Z n‡e| iwe †gŠmy‡gi êwkó¨¸‡jv n‡jvÑ

1. Zvc Kg _v‡K| 2. e„wócvZ Kg nq| 3. evqyi Av ©ªZv Kg _v‡K| 4. S‡oi Avk¼v Kg _v‡K| 5. wkjve„wói Avk¼v Kg| 6. eb¨vi Avk¼v Kg| 7. †ivM I †cvKvi AvµgY Kg nq| 8. cvwb †m‡Pi cÖ‡qvRb nq| 9. w`‡bi †P‡q ivZ eo ev mgvb |

†kªwYi KvR : wk¶v_©xiv GKKfv‡e K…wl †gŠmy‡gi êwkó¨¸‡jv LvZvq †jL Ges †kªwYK‡¶ Dc¯’vcb Ki|

wPÎ : †LRy‡ii im msMÖn

52

iwe †gŠmy‡gi êwkó¨ †_‡K Avgiv mn‡RB eyS‡Z cvwi †h, G †gŠmy‡g †Kvb ai‡bi dmj Rb¥vq| †h me dmj Pvlvev‡ì Rb¨ Kg Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb nq †m me dmj iwe †gŠmy‡g Pvlvev` Kiv nq|

iwe †gŠmy‡g Avjy, dzjKwc, evuavKwc, gyjv, MvRi, jvD, wkg, IjKwc, †eªvKwj, kvjMg, cvjskvK, †cuqvR, imyb BZ¨vw` D`¨vb dmj Pvl Kiv nq| gvV dm‡ji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †ev‡iv avb, Mg, mwilv, wZwm, gmyi, †Qvjv, †Lmvwi BZ¨vw`| G †gŠmy‡g †LRy‡ii im msMÖn Kiv nq|

bZyb kã : iwe dmj, iwe dm‡ji êwkó¨, iwe †gŠmy‡gi êwkó¨|

wPÎ : gyjv

wPÎ : †Mvj Avjy

wPÎ : M‡gi wkl

wPÎ : †Qvjv MvQ

wPÎ : euvavKwc

wPÎ : imyb

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv PviwU `‡j fvM n‡q iwe dm‡ji GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki Ges †kªwYK‡¶ Dc¯’vcb Ki|

K…wl DcKiY

K…wlwk¶v

53

cvV- 3 : Lwic †gŠmy‡gi dmj

†h me dm‡ji kvixwiK e„w× I dzj-dj Drcv`‡bi cy‡iv ev AwaK mgq Lwic †gŠmy‡g nq Zv‡ì‡K Lwic dmj e‡j| Lwic dm‡ji êwkó¨ Rvb‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì Lwic †gŠmy‡gi êwkó¨ Rvb‡Z n‡e| Lwic †gŠmy‡gi êwkó¨¸‡jv n‡jvÑ

1. G †gŠmy‡g Zvc †ewk _v‡K|

2. e„wócvZ †ewk nq|

3. evqyi Av ª©Zv †ewk _v‡K|

4. S‡oi Avk¼v †ewk _v‡K|

5. wkjve„wói Avk¼v †ewk|

6. eb¨vi Avk¼v †ewk _v‡K|

7. †ivM I †cvKvi AvµgY †ewk nq|

8. cvwb †m‡Pi †Zgb cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|

9. w`‡bi ˆ`N© iv‡Zi ˆ`‡N© i mgvb ev †ewk|

†h me dmj Pvlvev‡ì Rb¨ †ewk Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb nq †m me dmj Lwic †gŠmy‡g Pvlvev` Kiv nq| Lwic †gŠmyg‡K Avevi yB fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q; h_vÑ

Lwic-1 : G †gŠmy‡g e„wócvZ gvSvwi, †gŠmy‡gi †k‡li w`‡K e„wócvZ ïi“ nq| Kvj‰ekvLx So I wkjve„wói Avk¼v †ewk| G †gŠmy‡g †`‡ki A‡bK AÂ‡j Xj eb¨vi Avk¼v †`Lv †`q| G mgq Zvc Lye †ewk Ges evZv‡m Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigvY gvSvwi _v‡K| dm‡j †ivM I †cvKvi AvµgY gvSvwi nq| dmj Drcv`‡b gvSvwi ai‡bi †m‡Pi cÖ‡qvRb| G †gŠmy‡gi cÖavb dmj n‡jvÑ cvU, wZj, WvUv, gywL KPz, †Xuok, wPwP½v, wS½v, Kijv, cUj, wgwó Kzgov BZ¨vw`| Avg, Rvg, KuvVvj, †cu‡c, ZigyR, ev½x G mg‡q cv‡K|

wPÎ : †gNjv AvKvk

wPÎ : N~wY©So

wPÎ : wgwó Kzgov

wPÎ : ZigyR

54

Lwic-2 : G †gŠmy‡g mvaviYZ e„wócvZ Lye †ewk nq| So I wkjve„wói Avk¼v Kg Z‡e eb¨vi Avk¼v †ewk _v‡K| Zvc I evZv‡m Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigvY †ewk _v‡K| dm‡j †cvKvi AvµgY I †ivM †ewk nq| dmj Drcv`‡b K…wÎg cvwb †m‡Pi cÖ‡qvRb †Zgb nq bv| G †gŠmy‡gi cÖavb dmj n‡jvÑ Avgb avb, cvwb KPz, Pvj Kzgov, †Xuok, wPwP½v, wS½v, ay›`j BZ¨vw`| G mg‡q Zvj, AvgjwK, Avbvim, Avgov, †cqviv, bvex Rv‡Zi Avg I KuvVvj Ges evZvwe †jey cv‡K| bZyb kã : Lwic dmj, Lwic-1 Ges Lwic-2 †gŠmy‡gi êwkó¨

cvVÑ4 : †gŠmyg wbi‡c¶ dmj

c~e©eZ©x cv‡V Avgiv †gŠmyg wfwËK wewfbœ dm‡ji cwiPq I êwkó¨ Rvb‡Z †c‡iwQ| G me †gŠmywg dm‡ji †¶‡Î GK †gŠmy‡gi dmj Ab¨ †gŠmy‡g Pvl Kiv hvq bv| wKš‘ Ggb KZK¸‡jv dmj i‡q‡Q hv‡ì mviv eQi jvfRbKfv‡e Pvl Kiv hvq| †Zvgiv wK G ai‡bi wKQz dm‡ji bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e?

†h me dmj mviv eQi jvfRbKfv‡e Pvl Kiv nq Zv‡ì‡K †gŠmyg wbi‡c¶ dmj ev evigvmx dmj ejv nq| †gŠmyg wbi‡c¶ dmj¸‡jv‡K Avevi wèv wbi‡c¶ dmjI e‡j| Kvi‡bv †h‡Kvb ˆ`‡N©ï w`‡b G me dmj dzj-dj Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| dm‡ji dzj-dj Drcv`‡b wèv ˆ`‡N©ï cÖfv‡ei wel‡q Avgiv c‡ii cv‡V we¯—vwiZ Rvbe| Avgv‡ì †`‡k †gŠmyg wbi‡c¶ D`¨vb dmj¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡QÑ jvjkvK, †e¸b, gwiP, †cu‡c, Kjv BZ¨vw`| Ab¨w`‡K †gŠmyg wbi‡c¶ gvV dmj¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡QÑ fyÆv, wPbvev`vg BZ¨vw`|

Avgv‡ì †`‡k AvenvIqv I RjevqyMZ mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK dmj mviv eQi Pvl Kiv hvq bv| Z‡e wKQz D”P g~‡jï dmj i‡q‡Q hv mviv eQi Pvl Kiv m¤¢e n‡j we‡`k †_‡K Avg`vwb Ki‡Z n‡Zv bv- †hgb, U‡g‡Uv I †cuqvR| G mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ †gŠmyg wbi‡c¶ dm‡ji RvZ wb‡q M‡elYv Pj‡Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ U‡g‡Uv I †cuqv‡Ri mviv eQi Pv‡lvc‡hvMx A‡bK¸‡jv RvZ †ei Kiv n‡q‡Q| †Zvgv‡ì g‡b wK G cÖkœ Rv‡M bv †h, †Kb wKQz dmj mviv eQi Pvl Kiv hvq? G cÖ‡kœi DË‡ii Rb¨ Avgv‡ì dm‡ji RjevqyMZ Pvwn`vi K_v fve‡Z n‡e| Avgiv Rvwb iwe dm‡ji Rb¨ GK ai‡bi Ges Lwic dm‡ji Rb¨ Av‡iK ai‡bi Rjevqyi cÖ‡qvRb| †gŠmyg wbi‡c¶ dmj¸‡jv iwe I Lwic Dfq †gŠmy‡gB Rb¥v‡Z cv‡i| G †_‡K

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv PviwU `‡j fvM n‡q Lwic-1 I Lwic-2 †gŠmy‡gi `ywU K‡i dm‡ji ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki Ges †kªwYK‡¶ Dc¯’vcb Ki|

wPÎ : wS½v wPÎ : Pvj Kzgov

K…wl DcKiY

K…wlwk¶v

55

eySv hvq †h, †gŠmyg wbi‡c¶ dmj¸‡jvi RjevqyMZ Pvwn`vi we¯—vi A‡bK †ewk n‡e| d‡j G dmj¸‡jv Dfq †gŠmyg ev mviv eQi Pvl Kiv hvq| myZivs Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, †gŠmyg wbi‡c¶ dmj¸‡jvÑ 1. Kg Zvc †_‡K †ewk Zv‡c Rb¥v‡Z cv‡i 2. Kg e„wócvZ †_‡K †ewk e„wócv‡Z Rb¥v‡Z cv‡i 3. Kg Av ª©Zv †_‡K †ewk Av ª©Zvq Rb¥v‡Z cv‡i 4. ¯^í wèv ˆ`N©¨ †_‡K `xN© wèv ˆ`‡N© dzj-dj Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| KvR : wk¶v_©xiv PviwU `‡j fvM n‡q hvI| Gevi †Zvgv‡ì †`Lv‡bv wgkª dm‡ji PvU© †_‡K ‡gŠmyg wbi‡c¶ dm‡ji GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki Ges Dc¯’vcb Ki|

bZyb kã : †gŠmyg wbi‡c¶ dmj, †gŠmyg wbi‡c¶ dm‡ji êwkó¨| cvVÑ5 : dmj Drcv`‡b AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi cÖfve †Kvb AÂ‡j wK ai‡bi dmj Rb¥v‡e Zv H AÂ‡ji AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi Dci wbf©i K‡i| AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi Dcv`vb¸‡jvB dmj Drcv`‡b cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i| Gme Dcv`vb Kxfv‡e dmj Drcv`‡b cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i, †m m¤ú‡K© GLb Av‡jvPbv Kie|

1. m~h©v‡jvK : m~h©v‡jvK A‡bKfv‡e dmj Drcv`‡b cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i| Avgiv Rvwb Dw™¢ mv‡jvKms‡k−lY cÖwµqvq Lv`¨ ˆZwi K‡i| G cÖwµqvq m~h©v‡jv‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb| m~h©v‡jv‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ‡Z cvwb I Kve©b WvB-A·vB‡Wi mgš^‡q cvZvq Lv`¨ ˆZwi nq| m~h©v‡jv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i Dw™¢ ‡K cÖavbZ yB fvM Kiv nq; h_vÑ K) Av‡jv cQ›`Kvix Dw™¢ I L) Qvqv cQ›`Kvix Dw™¢ | fyÆv, AvL dmj c~Y© m~h©v‡jv‡K fv‡jv R‡b¥ Avevi Pv, Kwd dmj Qvqv cQ›` K‡i|

wPÎ : †e¸b

wPÎ : gwiP

wPÎ : fyÆv

wPÎ : wPbvev`vg

56

ˆ`wbK Av‡jvi ms¯ú‡k© Avmvi mg‡qi ˆ`N© dm‡ji dzj-dj Drcv`‡b cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i| w`‡bi ˆ`‡N©ï Dci ms‡e`bkxjZvi wfwË‡Z Dw™¢ ‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv nq; h_vÑ

K) `xN© wèv Dw™¢` ev eo w`‡bi Dw™¢ : G me Dw™¢‡ì dzj-dj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ w`‡bi ˆ`N© 12 NÈvi †ewk cÖ‡qvRb nq| †hgbÑ AvDk avb, cvU, PvjKzgov, wPwP½v, ay›`j BZ¨vw`|

L) ¯^í wèv Dw™¢ ev †QvU w`‡bi Dw™¢ : G me Dw™¢‡ì dzj-dj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ w`‡bi ˆ`N© 12 NÈvi Kg cÖ‡qvRb nq| †hgbÑ Mg, mwilv, Avgb avb, wMgv, Kjwg, cyuBkvK |

M) wèv wbi‡c¶ Dw™¢ : †h †Kv‡bv ˆ`‡N© i w`‡b G me dm‡ji dzj-dj Drcvw`Z n‡q _v‡K| †hgbÑ Pxbvev`vg, U‡g‡Uv, Kvc©vm Zzjv BZ¨vw`|

2. Zvc : †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ mKj Dw™¢‡` GKwU me©wbgœ, m‡e©vËg Ges m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv i‡q‡Q| G‡K KvwW©bvj ZvcgvÎv e‡j| KvwW©bvj ZvcgvÎv Dw™¢‡ì cÖRvwZ I RvZ‡f‡` wfbœ wfbœ nq| †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi dm‡ji we¯—…wZ KvwW©bvj ZvcgvÎv Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq| ZvcgvÎvi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Avev`‡hvM¨ dmj‡K yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq; h_vÑ

K) VvÛv FZzi dmj : Giv A‡c¶vK…Z Kg Zvc cQ›` K‡i; †hgbÑ Mg, Avjy, †Qvjv, gmyi, dzjKwc, IjKwc BZ¨vw`| G‡ì Rb¥v‡bvi R‡b¨ me©wbgœ 0-5˚ †m., m‡ev©Ëg 25-31˚ †m. Ges m‡ev©”P 31-37˚ †m. ZvcgvÎvi cÖ‡qvRb nq|

L) Dò FZzi dmj : G dmj¸‡jv A‡c¶vK…Z D”P ZvcgvÎvq R‡b¥; †hgbÑcvU, ivevi, Kvmvfv| G‡ì Rb¥v‡bvi Rb¨ me©wbgœ 15-18˚ †m., m‡e©vËg 31-37˚ †m. Ges m‡e©v”P 44-50˚ †m. ZvcgvÎvi cÖ‡qvRb nq|

3. e„wócvZ : Dw™¢‡ì Rb¨ cvwb AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| Dw™¢` gvwU‡Z aviYK…Z cvwbi Dci wbf©ikxj| Avi e„wócvZ gvwU‡Z aviYK…Z cvwbi cÖavb Drm| †mRb¨ e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY, mgq I NUb dmj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| e„wócv‡Zi cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y we‡k¦i wewfbœ AÂ‡j wewfbœ ai‡bi dmj R‡b¥ _v‡K|

4. evqycÖevn : cÖ‡¯^`b, mv‡jvKms‡k−lY, dz‡ji civMvqb BZ¨vw` evqy cÖevn Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq|

5. evZv‡m Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigvY : dm‡ji cÖv_wgK e„w× ch©v‡q D”P Rjxq ev®ú mnvqK| `vbv MVb ch©v‡q wbgœ Rjxq ev®ú `vbvi ms‡KvPb NUv‡Z cv‡i| evZv‡m AwaK Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigvY †ivMRxevYy I †cvKvi we¯—vi NUv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

6. wkwkicvZ I Kzqvkv : †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq wkwkicvZ I Kzqvkv evqyi Av ª©Zv evwo‡q dm‡j †ivM we¯—v‡ii AbyK~j cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i|

bZyb kã : ¯^í wèv Dw™¢ , `xN© wèv Dw™¢ , wèv wbi‡c¶ Dw™¢ , Av‡jv cQ›`Kvix, Qvqv cQ›`Kvix Dw™¢ , KvwW©bvj ZvcgvÎv|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv PviwU `‡j fvM n‡q dmj Drcv`‡b cÖfve we¯ÍviKvix AvenvIqv I Rjevqy Dcv`vb¸‡jvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i †kªwY K‡¶ Dc¯’vcb Ki|

K…wl DcKiY

K…wlwk¶v

57

cvVÑ 6 : dmj Drcv`‡b cÖwZK~j AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi cÖfve

AvenvIqv I Rjevqy AbyK~j _vK‡j dmj Drcv`b e„w× cvq| Z‡e cÖwZK~j AvenvIqv I Rjevqy‡Z dmj Drcv`b n«vm cvq, Ggb wK Drcv`b cy‡ivcywi bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv G cv‡V wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖwZK~j AvenvIqv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie| G ai‡bi AvenvIqvq dm‡ji Kx ai‡bi ¶wZ nq †m m¤ú‡K©I Rvbe|

1. AwZ e„wó : ¯^vfvwe‡Ki Zzjbvq hLb †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b †ewk e„wócvZ nq ZLb Zv‡K Avgiv AwZ e„wó ewj| AwZ e„wói Kvi‡Y el©vKv‡j kvKmewR Drcv`b e¨nZ nq| AwZ e„wói Kvi‡Y kvKmewRi MvQ gvwU‡Z †n‡j c‡o cvZv, dzj-dj bó n‡q hvq| AwZ e„wói d‡j eb¨v I Rjve×Zv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| eb¨v I Rjve×Zvq gvwU‡Z Aw·‡R‡bi NvUwZ nq| G Ae¯’vq Dw™¢‡ì e„w× I djb ¶wZMÖ ’ nq| Ggb wK A‡bK MvQ gvivI hvq; †hgbÑ KuvVvj, †cu‡c| G Rb¨ AwZ e„wói gva¨‡g Rgv cvwb ª“Z wbKv‡ki eë¯’v Ki‡Z nq|

2. wkjve„wó : e„wócvZ hLb ei‡di e‡ji AvKv‡i cwZZ nq ZLb Zv‡K wkjve„wó e‡j| evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZ eQi ˆPÎ-êkvL gv‡m wkjve„wó n‡q _v‡K| wkjve„wói cwigvY †`‡ki DËivÂ‡ji †P‡q `w¶Y-c~e©vÂ‡j †ewk nq| AwaKvsk †¶‡Î Kvj‰ekvLxi mv‡_ wkjve„wó nq| wkjve„wó dm‡ji cÖPzi ¶wZ mvab K‡i| wkjvi AvNv‡Z dm‡ji cvZv, KwP Wvj, dzj, dj †f‡½ S‡i c‡o, †_uZ‡j hvq| wkjve„wói cwigvY †ewk n‡j K‡qK wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ dmj gvwUi mv‡_ wg‡k †h‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡ì †`‡k †ev‡iv avb, cvU, Avg, Kjv, †cuqvR, imyb BZ¨vw` dmj wkjve„wói Kvi‡Y ¶wZMÖ ’ n‡q _v‡K|

3. Liv : `xN© w`b e„wócvZnxb Ae¯’v‡K Liv e‡j| Avgv‡ì †`‡k ˆPÎ gvm n‡Z KvwZ©K gvm ch©š— mg‡q GKUvbv 20 w`b ev Zvi †ewk w`b a‡i †Kv‡bv e„wócvZ bv n‡j Zv‡K Liv e‡j| Abve„wói Kvi‡Y gvwU‡Z µgvš^‡q i‡mi NvUwZ †`Lv †`q| dmj †h cwigvY cvwb gvwU †_‡K †kvlY K‡i Zvi †P‡q cÖ‡¯^`b cÖwµqvq †ewk cvwb Z¨vM K‡i | G Ae¯’vq dm‡ji e„w× I weKv‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwbi NvUwZ Ae¯’v weivR K‡i| G Ae¯’v‡K Liv KewjZ ejv nq| Livi d‡j MvQ †bwZ‡q c‡o, Liv Zxeª n‡j MvQ ïwK‡q gviv hvq| Livi d‡j dm‡ji e„w× I weKvk bvbvfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯— nq| d‡j dm‡ji djb K‡g hvq| dm‡j ¶wZi gvÎvi Dci wbf©i K‡i Liv‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv nq; h_vÑ Zxeª Liv, gvSvwi Liv Ges mvaviY Liv| Zxeª Livq 70-90 fvM djb NvUwZ nq| gvSvwi Livq 40-70 fvM Ges mvaviY Livq 15-40 fvM djb NvUwZ n‡q _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq mKj †gŠmy‡gB dmj Livq KewjZ nq| ivRkvnx, PuvcvBbeveMÄ, bv‡Uvi, w`bvRcyi, iscyi, e¸ov, Kzwóqv, h‡kvi Ges gaycyi AÂ‡j Zxeª †_‡K gvSvwi Liv †`Lv †`q|

4. eb¨v : eb¨vi cvwbi D”PZv, cvwbi MwZ I eb¨vi ¯’vqx‡Z¡i Dci dm‡ji ¶q-¶wZ wbf©i K‡i| wbPz I gvSvwi wbPz GjvKv eb¨vi cvwb‡Z c−vweZ nq| d‡j dmj we‡kl K‡i avb †¶Z Wy‡e hvq| mvaviYZ Avgb avb †ivc‡Yi mgq ev †ivc‡Yi ci eb¨vi Kvi‡Y ¶wZMÖ ’ nq| Z‡e Xj eb¨vq nvIi AÂ‡j †ev‡iv avb cvKvi mgq ¶wZMÖ ’ nq|

58

bZyb kã : AwZ e„wó, wkjve„wó, Zxeª Liv, gvSvwi Liv, mvaviY Liv|

cvV-7 : K…wl cwi‡ek AÂj

evsjv‡`k GKwU K…wlcÖavb †`k| cÖvq me dmjB G‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z Rb¥vq| Z‡e me GjvKvq me dmj Rb¥vq bv| dmj Rb¥v‡bv wbf©i K‡i GjvKvi cwi‡e‡ki Dci| AZGe G‡`‡k dmj Z_v K…wl Kvh©µg Pvjv‡Z GjvKv wfwËK K…wl cwi‡ek Rvbv ìKvi| A_©vr K…wl cwi‡ek AÂj K…wl Kvh©µ‡g LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GKwU welq|

Avgiv Rvwb evsjv‡`‡ki †Kv_vI e„wócvZ †ewk nq Avevi †Kv_vI Kg| †Kv_vI ZvcgvÎv Kg Ges †Kv_vI †ewk| G‡KK AÂ‡ji gvwU G‡KK cÖKvi| G mewKQyB n‡jv cwi‡ek| G cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨B evsjv‡`‡ki ivRkvnx‡Z Av‡gi djb fv‡jv, w`bvRcy‡‡i wjPzi djb fv‡jv, kªxg½‡j Pv I Kgjvi djb fv‡jv, h‡kv‡i †LRy‡ii djb fv‡jv| ZvB AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi Dci wfwË K‡i evsjv‡`k‡K 30wU K…wl cwi‡ek AÂ‡j wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

KvR : wk¶K evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU gvbwPÎ †ev‡W© Szjv‡eb| wk¶v_©x‡ì `j MVb K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb †Rjvq †Kvb dmj fv‡jv R‡b¥ †m¸‡jvi bvg I †Rjvi bvg UzKiv KvM‡R wj‡L gvbwP‡Î emv‡Z ej‡eb| cwi‡k‡l dmjmg„× gvbwPÎwU eL¨v Ki‡eb|

wfwWI cÖ k©b : wk¶K evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ dm‡ji GjvKv wfwËK wfwWIwPÎ cÖ k©b K‡i GK bR‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wPÎ Zz‡j ai‡eb|

evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl cwi‡ek AÂj me©‡kl 1988-1989 mv‡j evsjv‡`k‡K wÎkwU K…wl cwi‡ek AÂ‡j Dc‡Rjv ch©š— fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| K…wl Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ dmj wbe©vPb, dmj cwiPh©v, †ivMevjvB `gb I eë¯’vcbv GB mKj †¶‡Î K…wl cwi‡ek AÂj we‡ePbvq †bIqv nq|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `ywU `‡j fvM n‡q hvI| GK `j AwZ e„wó Ges Aci `j wkjve„wói Kvi‡Y dm‡ji Kx Kx ¶wZ nq Zvi ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki Ges †ev‡W© Dc¯’vcb Ki|

wPÎ : eb¨v wPÎ : Liv KewjZ avb †¶Z

K…wl DcKiY

K…wlwk¶v

59

cwi‡ek AÂj MV‡b K‡Zv¸‡jv wbw ©ó welq we‡ePbvq †bIqv nq| cÖavb we‡eP¨ welq¸‡jv n‡”Q f~wg, K…wl AvenvIqv, g„wËKv Ges cvwb cwiw¯’wZ| Gi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î Avevi wefvRb i‡q‡Q| †hgb f~wgi †kªwYweb¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q cuvPfv‡M| DuPz f~wg, gvSvwi DuPz f~wg, gvSvwi wbPz f~wg, wbPz f~wg Ges AwZ wbPz f~wg|

K…wl AvenvIqv cÖm‡½ we‡ePbvq †bIqv nq Lwic-c~e© AvenvIqv, Lwic AvenvIqv, iwe AvenvIqv I Pig ZvcgvÎv|

K…wl cwi‡ek AÂj wba©vi‡Y cvwb cwiw¯’wZ ev gvwUi Av ª©Zvi welqwU‡K cÖvavb¨ †Ìqv nq| G Qvov b`xi AeevwnKv, nvIi-euvIo GjvKvI we‡ePbvq †bIqv nq|

g„wËKvi †kªwY we‡ePbvq †e‡j gvwU, Gu‡Uj gvwU, †e‡j †`vAuvk, Gu‡Uj †`vAuvk, Gu‡Uj gvwU Ges Gi cvkvcvwk gvwUi A¤ −Z¡-¶viZ¡ (PH)I we‡eP¨|

cvV- 8 : K…wl cwi‡ek AÂj Abyhvqx dmj êwPÎ¨

K…wl cwi‡e‡ki Kvi‡Y GK GK AÂ‡j Avgiv GK GKwU we‡kl dm‡ji cÖvavb¨ †`L‡Z cvB| hwÌ avb, cvU, Mg, Avjy BZ¨vw` dmj cÖvq mKj K…wl cwi‡ek AÂ‡j Drcv`b Kiv nq|

cwi‡ek AÂj 1 w`bvRcyi, cÂMo, VvKziMuvI wb‡q MwVZ| GLvbKvi we‡kl dmj n‡”Q wjPz I Avg| GLb Pv n‡”Q GB GjvKvq| Kgjvi PvlI ïi“ n‡q‡Q|

cwi‡ek AÂj 2-G i‡q‡Q wZ¯Ívi Pi| GLvbKvi we‡kl dmj wPbvev`vg, KvDb| cwi‡ek AÂj 3 I 4 GjvKvq i‡q‡Q iscyi I e¸ovi Askwe‡kl| GB GjvKvi êwkó¨ n‡”Q ZvgvK Ges mewR|

cwi‡ek AÂj 5 I 6 Pjb wej, AvÎvB I cybf©ev b`x GjvKvi wbPz Rwg wb‡q MwVZ| GB GjvKvi êwkó¨ n‡jv cvwU, †eZ Drcv`b| GLb ZigyR I imyb e¨vcKfv‡e Pvl n‡”Q|

cwi‡ek AÂj 7-G c‡o‡Q eªþcyÎ Pi GjvKv¸‡jv| G mKj AÂ‡ji we‡kl dmj n‡”Q wPbvev`vg I wgwó Kzgov|

cwi‡ek AÂj 8 eªþcyÎ cvo GjvKv¸‡jv| cwi‡ek AÂj 9-G c‡o‡Q gqgbwmsn AÂj| cwi‡ek AÂj 8-Gi we‡kl dmj cvwbdj| cwi‡ek AÂj 9-G mKj dmjB nq|

cwi‡ek AÂj 10 Ry‡o i‡q‡Q cÙvi PivÂj| GLv‡b wPbvev`vg cÖavb dmj| cwi‡ek AÂj 11 cyivZb M½v we‡aŠZ GjvKv| GLvbKvi êwkó¨c~Y© dmj Kvc©vm Zzjv| cwi‡ek AÂj 12-G i‡q‡Q cÙvi cvo| GLv‡b we‡kl dmj †evbv Avgb I Zvj| cwi‡ek AÂj 13-G i‡q‡Q Lyjbvi DcK~j AÂj| GB GjvKvi êwkó¨ n‡jv my›ìeb| cwi‡ek AÂj 14-G i‡q‡Q †MvcvjM‡Äi we‡ji cvo GjvKv, GLvbKvi êwkó¨c~Y© Dw™¢` n‡jv ZvjMvQ I †LRyi| cwi‡ek AÂj 15-G i‡q‡Q Avwohvj wej GjvKv| GLv‡b †evbv Avgb cÖavb êwkó¨c~Y© dmj|

cwi‡ek AÂj 16-G ga¨ †gNbv GjvKv i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b gvSvwi DuPz Rwg| GLv‡b Avjymn Ab¨vb¨ mewR I Kjv Rb¥vq| cwi‡ek AÂj 17-G i‡q‡Q Kzwgj −v-†bvqvLvjxi mxgvš— GjvKv| GLv‡b wPbvev`vg, fyÆvmn mvaviY dmj

60

Rb¥vq| cwi‡ek AÂj 18-G i‡q‡Q †fvjvi Pi| GLv‡b bvwi‡Kj I cvb we‡kl dmj| cwi‡ek AÂj 19-G i‡q‡Q c~e© †gNbv GjvKv| GLvbKvi we‡kl dmj †evbv Avgb| cwi‡ek AÂj 20-G i‡q‡Q wm‡j‡Ui †U½yqvi nvIimn nvIi GjvKv¸‡jv| GLv‡b †ev‡iv avb I gvQ Drcv`b GjvKv¸‡jv i‡q‡Q| cwi‡ek AÂj 21-G i‡q‡Q myigv-Kywkqvivi yB cvo| GLv‡b †ev‡iv avb, gvQ I mewR Drcv`b nq| cvnv‡oi cv`‡`k¸‡jv cwi‡ek AÂj 22-Gi Aax‡b c‡o‡Q| mycvwi, †jey, Kgjv, Lvwmqv cvb GB GjvKvi êwkó¨| GLb Gme GjvKvq AvMi Drcv`b n‡”Q| cwi‡ek AÂj 23-G i‡q‡Q PÆMÖvg-K·evRvi DcK~j AÂj| GLvbKvi êwkó¨ dmj cvb| cwi‡ek AÂj 23-G i‡q‡Q †m›UgvwU©b †Kvivj Øxc| GLvbKvi êwkó¨c~Y© Dw™¢ n‡”Q bvwi‡Kj|

cwi‡ek AÂj 25, 26, I 27 GjvKvRy‡o i‡q‡Q h_vµ‡g ivRkvnx, e¸ov I w`bvRcy‡ii e‡i›`ª AÂj| GLv‡b DuPz GjvKvq cÖvq mKj dmjB d‡j| cwi‡ek AÂj 28 gaycyi †_‡K XvKvi †ZRMuvI ch©š— we¯—…Z jvjgvwU AÂj| GLvbKvi we‡kl e„¶ n‡”Q kvj| GLv‡bi dmj n‡”Q KuvVvj I Avbvim| cwi‡ek AÂj 29-Gi Aš—M©Z mKj cvnvwo AÂj| GLvbKvi we‡kl dmj Pv| cwi‡ek AÂj 30-G i‡q‡Q AvLvDovi jvjgvwU AÂj| GLvbKvi cÖavb dmj KvK‡ivj Ges gyKz›`cyix †cqviv|

GB we¯—…Z weei‡Yi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv GB K_vwU Rvbv‡bv †h evsjv‡`k †QvU †`k n‡jI Gi K…wl êwPÎ¨ wekvj| hv‡nvK, cwi‡ek AÂj 3, 9, 11 Ges AvswkKfv‡e 16 D`vi K…wl cwi‡ek GjvKv| GB GjvKvRy‡o Drcbœ avb-cvUmn bvbv dm‡ji Rb¨ evsjv‡`k Ô†mvbvi evsjvÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ|

KvR : †Zvgvi AÂ‡j Kx ai‡bi dmj d‡j Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki Ges †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki|

Abykxjbx

k~b¨¯’vb c~iY

1. ................ †gŠmy‡g †m‡Pi cÖ‡qvRb †ewk| 2. Zxeª Livq ............... fvM djb NvUwZ nq| 3. e„wócvZ ei‡di e‡ji AvKv‡i cwZZ nq ZLb Zv‡K .............. e‡j| 4. AwaKvsk †¶‡Î Kvj‰ekvLxi mv‡_ ......... nq|

wgj KiY : evgcvk Wvbcvk 1. ˆPÎ †_‡K fv`ª gvm cwigvY †ewk _v‡K 2. Zvc I evZv‡m Rjxq ev‡®úi Lwic †gŠmyg 3. AvenvIqv I Rjevqy AbyK~‡j _vK‡j K…wlcÖavb †`k 4. evsjv‡`k GKwU dmj Drcv`b e„w× cvq iwe †gŠmyg

K…wl DcKiY

K…wlwk¶v

61

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ: 1. evsjv‡`‡k wkjve„wó KLb nq-

K. êkvL I ˆR¨‡ô L. Avlvp I kÖve‡Y M. dvêyb I ˆP‡Î N. ˆPÎ I êkv‡L

2. wèv wbi‡c¶ Dw™¢ ¸‡jv n‡jv-

i. Pxbvev`vg, U‡g‡Uv, †cu‡c ii. AvDk avb, †e¸b, Kjv iii. fzÆv, dzjKwc, Avjy


K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. ii I iii

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co 3 I 4 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2

3. wPÎ-2 Gi Dw™¢`wU †Kvb cwi‡e‡ki?

K. †m›UgvwU©‡bi †Kvivj Øx‡ci L. cvnvwo AÂ‡ji M. wm‡j‡Ui †U½yqvi nvI‡ii N. gqgbwmsn AÂ‡ji

4. wPÎ-1-Gi Dw™¢`wU-

i. A_©Kwi dmj ii. cvbxq cÖ`vbKvix iii. ¸j¥RvZxq

62


K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

4| m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :

1. mvw`‡Ki evwowU Kg e„wócvZ cÖeY AÂ‡j n‡jI cÖPzi kvK-mewR Drcv`b nq| mvw`K wKQz UvUKv mewR wb‡q Zvi gv‡qi mv‡_ PÆMÖv‡gi wUjvZ‡j gvgvevwo †eov‡Z hvq| †mLv‡b GKw`b †m †`‡L nVvr K‡i AvKvk NbKv‡jv †g‡N †X‡K Av‡m I So evZvm eB‡Z ïi“ K‡i, Gici ïi“ nq e„wó|

K. dm‡ji †gŠmyg ej‡Z Kx †evS? L. Avjy‡K KvwW©bvj ZvcgvÎvi mewR ejvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| M. mvw`‡Ki K…wl AÂ‡ji dm‡ji êwkó¨ DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gŠmyg Abyhvqx eY©bv Ki| N. mvw`K I Zvi bvbv evwo AÂ‡j AvenvIqvi êwk‡óï Zzjbv Ki|

2.

wPÎ- evi gv‡mi wfwË‡Z K…wl †gŠmy‡gi MÖvd K. AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi wfwË‡Z evsjv‡`k‡K KqwU K…wl AÂ‡j fvM Kiv nq| L. †Kvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z kxZKv‡j dm‡ji †ivMRxevYy we¯Ívi N‡U, e¨vL¨v Ki| M. MÖv‡d wPwýZ K…wl †gŠmy‡gi †Kvb AskwU‡Z †m‡Pi †Zgb cÖ‡qvRb nq bv, KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| N. wP‡Î ÔMÕ wPwýZ K…wl †gŠmy‡gi dm‡j ZvcgvÎvi cÖfve g~j¨vqb Ki|

K…wl DcKiY

K…wlwk¶v

63

msw¶ß cªkœ : K. Liv ej‡Z Kx eyS? L. ¯^í wèv Dw™¢ Kv‡K e‡j? M. wkjve„wó‡Z dm‡ji Kx ai‡bi ¶wZ nq? N. AwZe„wó ej‡Z wK †evS?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :

K. dmj Drcv`‡b AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi cÖfve eY©bv Ki| L. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl cwi‡ek AÂ‡ji eY©bv `vI| M. †gŠmyg wbi‡c¶ dm‡ji eY©bv `vI| N. K…wl †gŠmy‡gi eY©bv `vI|

64

cÂg Aa¨vq

K…wlR Drcv`b K…wlR Drcv`b ej‡Z dmj, M„ncvwjZ cïcvwL Ges gvQ Drcv`b‡K †evSvq| G Aa¨v‡q dmj Drcv`‡bi g‡a¨ km¨ Pvl (fyÆv), dzj Pvl (iRbxMÜv I Muv`v) Ges d‡ji Pvl (†cqviv I †cu‡c) c×wZ, †ivMevjvB eë¯’vcbv, dmj msMÖn c×wZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cieZ©x‡Z gvQ Pvl I †ivM eë¯’vcbv (ˆK gvQ), cvwL cvjb I †ivM eë¯’vcbv (gyiwM) Ges M„ncvwjZ cï cvjb I †ivM eë¯’vcbv (QvMj) m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| me‡k‡l K…wl Drcv`‡b Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve msi¶‡Yi c×wZ wel‡q aviYv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|

G Aa¨vq cvV †k‡l Avgiv- • km¨ Pvl (fyÆv) c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

• wewfbœ cÖKvi dzj Pvl I dj Pvl c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

• gvQ Pvl c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

• gv‡Qi †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq Ges †ivM eë¯’vcbv we‡k −lY Ki‡Z cvie|

• cvwL cvjb c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

• M„ncvwjZ cïcvwLi †ivM eë¯’vcbv eY©bv I we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvie|

• K…wlR Drcv`‡bi Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve ivL‡Z cvie|

wPÎ : †cu‡c MvQ

wPÎ : ˆK gvQ

wPÎ : QvMj

K…wlwk¶v

65

cvV-1 : fyÆv Pvl c×wZ

fyÆv GKwU AwaK djbkxj I eûgyLx eënvi m¤úbœ `vbv km¨| evsjv‡`‡k fyÆvi Pvl evo‡Q| fyÆv el©Rxex ¸j¥ cÖK…wZi| GKB Mv‡Q cyi“l dzj I ¯¿x dzj R‡b¥| cyi“l dzj GKwU gÄix`‡Ê web¨¯Í n‡q Mv‡Qi gv_vq †ei nq| ¯¿x dzj Mv‡Qi gvSvgvwS D”PZvq KvÛ I cvZvi A¶‡KvY †_‡K †gvPv AvKv‡i †ei nq| ¯¿x dzj wbwl³ n‡j †gvPvi wfZ‡i `vbvi m„wó nq| avb I M‡gi Zzjbvq fyÆv `vbvi cywógvb †ewk| fyÆvi `vbv gvby‡li Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e Ges Gi imvj MvQ I meyR cvZv DbœZ gv‡bi †MvLv`¨ wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| Mevw`cï, nvum-gyiwM I gv‡Qi Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e Avgv‡ì †`‡k fyÆv `vbvi e¨vcK Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q|

RvZ : evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU fyÆvi A‡bK¸‡jv D”P djbkxj I nvBweªW RvZ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨ eY©vjx, ïåv, †gvni, evwi fyÆv-5, evwi fyÆv-6, evwi fyÆv-7, evwi nvBweªW fyÆv-1, evwi nvBweªW fyÆv-2, evwi nvBweªW fyÆv-3 Ab¨Zg| GQvov LB (cc Kb©) Gi Rb¨ †ei K‡i‡Q LB fyÆv Ges KwP Ae¯’vq LvIqvi Rb¨ †ei K‡i‡Q evwi wgwó fyÆv-1| Gi evB‡i wewfbœ exR †Kv¤úvwb we‡`k †_‡K nvBweªW Rv‡Zi fyÆv exR Avg`vwb K‡i _v‡K|

gvwU : †e‡j †`vAvuk I †`vAvuk gvwU fyÆv Pv‡li Rb¨ DËg| Z‡e †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e Rwg‡Z †hb cvwb bv R‡g|

ecb mgq : Avgv‡ì †`‡k iwe †gŠmy‡g A‡±vei-b‡f¤î Ges Lwic †gŠmy‡g ga¨ †deª“qvwi-gvP© ch©š— mgq exR ec‡bi Dchy³ mgq|

ex‡Ri nvi I ecb c×wZ : evwi fyÆv Rv‡Zi Rb¨ †n±i cÖwZ 25-30 †KwR Ges LB fyÆvi Rb¨ 15-20 †KwR nv‡i exR mvwi‡Z eyb‡Z nq| mvwi †_‡K mvwii ~iZ¡ n‡e 75 †mwg Ges mvwi‡Z 25 †mwg `~i‡Z¡ 1wU A_ev 50 †mwg `~i‡Z¡ 2wU MvQ ivL‡Z n‡e|

Rwg ˆZwi I mvi cÖ‡qvM : Avgv‡ì †`‡k iwe †gŠmy‡g fyÆvi Pvl †ewk n‡q _v‡K| 4-5wU Mfxi Pvl I gB w`‡q Rwg ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| fyÆv Pv‡l wewfbœ cªKvi mv‡ii cwigvY wb‡P †`qv n‡jv :

mv‡ii bvg mv‡ii cwigvY (†KwR/†n±i) BDwiqv 172-312 wUGmwc 168-216 Ggwc 96-144 wRcmvg 144-168

wPÎ : fyÆv MvQ

K. cyi“l dzjL. †gvPmn ¿x dzj

66

Rwg ˆZwii †kl ch©v‡q †gvU BDwiqvi GK-Z…Zxqvsk Ges Ab¨vb¨ mv‡ii meUzKz wQwU‡q Rwg Pvl w`‡Z n‡e| GQvovI G mgq †n±i cÖwZ wRsK mvj‡dU 10-15 †KwR, †evib mvi 5-7 †KwR Ges †Mvei mvi 5 Ub cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j fv‡jv djb cvIqv hvq| evwK BDwiqv mgvb yB wKw¯Í‡Z fvM K‡i, cÖ_g wKw¯Í exR MRv‡bvi 25-30 w`b ci Ges wØZxq wKw¯Í exR MRv‡bvi 40-50 w`b ci Dcwi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Pviv MRv‡bvi 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Rwg †_‡K AwZwi³ Pviv Zz‡j †dj‡Z n‡e| Pvivi eqm GK gvm bv nIqv ch©š— Rwg AvMvQv gy³ ivL‡Z n‡e| wØZxq wKw¯Íi BDwiqv mvi Dcwi cª‡qv‡Mi mgq yB mvwii gvSLvb †_‡K gvwU Mv‡Qi †Mvov eivei Zz‡j w`‡Z n‡e|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv GKK KvR wn‡m‡e Lv`¨km¨ dm‡ji GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki |

bZzb kã : Dcwi cÖ‡qvM, fyÆvi †gvPv|

cvV-2 : fyÆv Pv‡l cwiPh©v I dmj msMÖn

†mP cÖ‡qvM : D”P djbkxj Rv‡Zi fyÆvi Avkvbyi~c djb †c‡Z

n‡j iwe †gŠmy‡g 3-4wU †mP †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| 5 cvZv ch©v‡q cÖ_g, 10 cvZv ch©v‡q wØZxq, †gvPv †ei nIqvi mg‡q Z…Zxq Ges `vbv evuavi c~‡e© PZz_© †mP w`‡Z nq| fyÆvi Rwg‡Z hv‡Z cvwb bv R‡g †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|

†cvKv `gb eë¯’vcbv : fyÆv dm‡j †cvKv-gvK‡oi AvµgY Kg nq| Z‡e Pviv Ae¯’vq KvUzB †cvKvi jvf©v Mv‡Qi †Mvov †K‡U †`q| Giv w`‡bi †ejvq gvwUi wb‡P jywK‡q _v‡K Ges iv‡Z †ei nq| m`¨ †K‡U †djv Mv‡Qi Pvicv‡ki gvwU Ly‡o †cvKvi jvf©v †ei K‡i †g‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| AvµgY †ewk n‡j dzivWvb A_ev Wvimevb© Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvq eënvi K‡i Rwg‡Z †mP w`‡Z n‡e|

fyÆv dm‡ji †ivM : fyÆv dm‡j †ek K‡qKwU †ivM †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|

†hgb-fyÆvi exRcPv I Pviv giv †ivM, cvZv Sjmv‡bv †ivM, KvÛ cPv †ivM, †gvPv I `vbv cPv †ivM| G †ivM¸‡jv wewfbœ ai‡bi exR I gvwUevwnZ QÎv‡Ki Avµg‡Y n‡q _v‡K| fyÆvi exR ec‡bi mgq gvwU‡Z im †ewk Ges ZvcgvÎv Kg _vK‡j exRcPv I Pviv giv †ivM †`Lv †`q| cvZv Sjmv‡bv †iv‡M AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi wb‡Pi w`‡Ki cvZvq j¤^v‡U a~mi e‡Y©i `vM †`Lv hvq| c‡i Zv Mv‡Qi Dc‡ii As‡k Qwo‡q c‡o| †iv‡Mi AvµgY †ewk n‡j cvZv AvMvg ïwK‡q hvq Ges MvQ g‡i hvq|

wPÎ : wewfbœ eq‡mi fyÆv MvQ

wPÎ : KvUzB †cvKvi jvf©v

wPÎ : cvZv Sjmv‡bv †ivM

K…wlR Drcv`b

K…wlwk¶v

67

†ivM `gb c×wZ : 1) †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax RvZ eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|

2) exR ec‡bi c~‡e© †kvab K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

3) fyÆv KvUvi ci cwiZ¨³ Ask cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|

4) GKB Rwg‡Z evi evi fyÆv Pvl eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|

fyÆv msMÖn I gvovB : †gvPv PKP‡K L‡oi is aviY Ki‡j Ges cvZv wKQyUv nj‡` n‡j, `vbvi Rb¨ fyÆv msMÖ‡ni Dchy³ nq| fyÆv Mv‡Qi †gvPv 75-80% cwicK¡ n‡j dmj msMÖn Kiv hv‡e| †gvPv msMÖ‡ni ci 4-5 w`b †iv‡` ïKv‡Z n‡e| AZtci n¯Í ev kw³PvwjZ gvovB hš¿ Øviv `vbv Qvwo‡q evQvB-SvovB K‡i msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e|

RxebKvj : iwe †gŠmy‡g fyÆv Mv‡Qi RxebKvj 135-155 w`b Ges Lwic †gŠmy‡g RxebKvj 90-110 w`b|

djb : evsjv‡`‡k iwe †gŠmy‡g fyÆvi djb †ewk nq Ges Lwic †gŠmy‡g djb Kg nq| RvZ I †gŠmyg‡f‡` fyÆvi djb 3.5-8.5 Ub/†n±i n‡q _v‡K|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv eo ywU `‡j fvM n‡q hvI Ges fyÆv Kxfv‡e msMÖn Ki‡Z nq †m wel‡q LvZvq wjL Ges Dc¯’vcb Ki|

bZzb kã : KvUzB †cvKv, fyÆv gvovB hš¿|

cvV-3 : iRbxMÜv dz‡ji Pvl c×wZ

mv`v I myevwmZ iRbxMÜv dyjwU Avgv‡ì mK‡ji wcÖq GKwU dzj|

iv‡Zi †ejv G dzj myMÜ Qovq e‡j G‡K iRbxMÜv e‡j| Drme,

Abyôvb, M„nm¾v, †Zvov, gvjv, A½m¾vq dzjwU †ewk eëüZ

nq| dz‡ji cvcwoi mvwi Abymv‡i iRbxMÜv‡K ywU †kªwY‡Z wef³

Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h me Rv‡Z cvcwo GK mvwi‡Z _v‡K Zv‡K wm½j

e‡j| cvcwo yB ev Z‡ZvwaK mvwi‡Z _vK‡j Wvej e‡j|

wPÎ : n¯ÍPvwjZ gvovB hš¿

wPÎ : dzjmn iRbxMÜv MvQ

68

eskwe¯Ívi : evsjv‡`‡k K›` †_‡K iRbxMÜvi eskwe¯Ívi Kiv nq| K›`¸‡jv †`L‡Z †cuqv‡Ri g‡Zv| kxZKv‡j G¸‡jv gvwUi wb‡P myß Ae¯’vq _v‡K| kx‡Zi †k‡l K‡›ì Svo¸‡jv †ei K‡i K›` Avjv`v Kiv nq | †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ 2-3 †mwg AvKv‡ii K›` n‡jB P‡j|

K›`‡ivcY : iRbxMÜvi Rb¨ ch©vß Av‡jv-evZvmhy³ Rwg wbe©vPb Kiv DwPZ| †`vAvuk I †e‡j-†`vAvuk gvwU‡Z iRbxMÜv fv‡jv R‡b¥| †deª“qvwi †_‡K GwcÖj gv‡mi g‡a¨ K›` †ivcY Kiv nq| mvwi †_‡K mvwii ~iZ¡ 25-30 †mwg Ges MvQ †_‡K Mv‡Qi `~iZ¡ 10-15 †mwg wn‡m‡e K›`¸‡jv 4-5 †mwg MfxiZvq emv‡Z n‡e| K›` emv‡bvi 3-4 gvm ci MvQ dzj †`q|

mvi cÖ‡qvM : 3-4wU Pvl I gB w`‡q gvwU SziSz‡i K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| †n±i cÖwZ 10 Ub cPv †Mvei, 200 †KwR BDwiqv, 300 †KwR wUGmwc, 350 †KwR Ggwc mvi Rwg ˆZwii mgq fv‡jvfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| K›` †ivc‡Yi 30-45 w`b ci Avevi 125 †KwR BDwiqv mvi Dcwi cÖ‡qvM K‡i †mP w`‡Z n‡e|

AvšÍtcwiPh©v : iRbxMÜvi Rwg‡Z me mgq ch©vß im _vKv ìKvi| Avevi cvwb RgvI DwPZ bq, cvwb Rg‡j K›`¸‡jv c‡P †h‡Z cv‡i| †mRb¨ Rwgi Ae¯’v ey‡S †mP †Ìqv ìKvi| K›` †ivc‡Yi wVK c‡i GKevi, MvQ MRv‡bvi c‡i GKevi I Mv‡Qi D”PZv 10-15 †mwg n‡j Av‡iKevi †mP w`‡Z n‡e| GQvov dzj †dvUv kyi“ n‡j, `yB-GKevi †mP w`‡j, †ewk K‡i dzj †dv‡U Ges dzj SivI K‡g hvq| cÖwZevi †m‡Pi ci, Rwg‡Z †Rv G‡j wbovwb w`‡q gvwUi PUv †f‡½ w`‡Z n‡e|

iRbxMÜv Mv‡Q ¶wZKviK †cvKvgvKo †Zgb †`Lv hvq bv| Z‡e el©vKv‡j QÎvKRwbZ †Mvov cPv †ivM A‡bK mgq †ek ¶wZ K‡i| G †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Mv‡Qi wb‡Pi w`‡K gvwUi Kv‡Q cPb a‡i I MvQ ïwK‡q gviv hvq| G †ivM `g‡bi Rb¨ Rwg‡Z hv‡Z cvwb bv R‡g †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi †Mvovi gvwU‡Z wUë 250 Bwm cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 0.5 wgwj nv‡i wgwk‡q †¯cÖ K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|

dyj KvUv : evRv‡i iRbxMÜv wewµ nq g~jZ j¤^v cy®ú`Ê ev WuvUvmn A_ev WuvUv Qvov Siv dzj wn‡m‡e| Siv dzj gvjv ˆZwii Rb¨ eëüZ nq| dyj †dvUvi c~‡e© dz‡ji WuvUvmn †K‡U dzj msMÖn Kiv nq| mÜ¨v ev †fv‡ii w`‡K dzj KvUv fv‡jv| KvUvi ci WuvUvi wb‡Pi Ask cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q ivLv DwPZ| G‡Z dz‡ji m‡ZRZv I D¾jZv eRvq _v‡K| WuvUvmn dzj AvuwU †eu‡a Kv‡jv cwjw_‡b Rwo‡q evRv‡i cvVv‡bv DwPZ|

KvR : †cv÷vi †ccv‡i iRbxMÜvi dzj msMÖn I evRviRvZKi‡Yi wPÎ A¼b K‡i †kªwYK‡¶ Dc¯’vcb Ki|

bZyb kã : wm‡½j iRbxMÜv, Wvej iRbxMÜv, K›`

wPÎ : K›`

wPÎ : iRbxMÜv

K…wlR Drcv`b

K…wlwk¶v

69

cvV-4 : Muv`v dz‡ji Pvl c×wZ

evsjv‡`‡k Muv`v dzj LyeB RbwcÖq| Gi Pvl mnR| G dzj D`¨v‡b, cv‡K©, U‡e eviv›`vq Pvl Kiv hvq| dzjwU bvbvwea Drme, Abyôvb, M„nm¾v, gvjv ˆZwi‡Z eëüZ nq| dzjwUi is, MVb êwPÎÏ †KvgjZv mKj †kªwYi gvbyl‡K AvK…ó K‡i| Muv`v dz‡ji cvZvi im kix‡ii ¶Z ¯’v‡b jvMv‡j i³ cov eÜ nq|

RvZ cwiwPwZ : evsjv‡`‡k yB cÖRvwZi Muv`v dzj Pvl Kiv nq; h_v-K) Avwd«Kvb Muv`v Ñ G cÖRvwZi MvQ D”PZvq cÖvq 100 †mwg j¤^v, dzj GKiOv I †ek eo nq| RvZ Abyhvqx dzj njy`, †mvbvwj, evmwšÍ, Kgjv cÖf„wZ i‡Oi n‡q _v‡K| L) divwm Muv`vÑ G cÖRvwZi MvQ 15-30 †mwg j¤^v, k³, †Svcv‡jv Ges dzj †QvU I jvj i‡Oi n‡q _v‡K|

Pviv ˆZwi : exR I kvLv Kj‡gi gva¨‡g Muv`v Mv‡Qi Pviv ˆZwi Kiv hvq| el©vi mgq exRZjvq cvZjv K‡i exR ey‡b Muv`vi Pviv ˆZwi Kiv nq| mewRi exRZjvi g‡ZvB Muv`v dz‡ji exRZjv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Pvivi eqm GK gvm n‡j †ivcY Dc‡hvMx nq| kvLvi mvnv‡h¨ Pviv ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨, MvQ dzj †Ìqvi ci, my ’-mej MvQ wbe©vPb K‡i, Zv †_‡K 2.5 †mwg PIov I 5-10 †mwg j¤^v kvLv †K‡U wb‡Z n‡e| KvUv kvLv¸‡jv Qvqvhy³ ¯’v‡b evwj I †`vAvuk gvwUi wgkª‡Y emv‡Z n‡e| Ggbfv‡e emv‡Z n‡e †hb Kgc‡¶ GKwU wMuU gvwUi wb‡P _v‡K| wbqwgZ cwiPh©v Ki‡j kvLv¸‡jv‡Z cÖPzi wkKo I Wvjcvjv MRv‡e| el©vKv‡j Avevi kvLv Kjg †_‡K Wvj †K‡U GKBfv‡e emv‡Z n‡e| cÖvq gvmLv‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ †m¸‡jv‡Z ch©vß wkKo MRv‡j Zv †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv GKK KvR wn‡m‡e Muv`v dz‡ji kvLv Kjg ˆZwii cÖwµqvwU wPÎmn LvZvq wjL‡e|

Rwg ˆZwi I Pviv †ivcY : DuPz Ges †`vAvuk gvwUi Rwg Muv`v Pv‡li Rb¨ DËg| 4-5wU Pvl I gB w`‡q Rwg SziSziv K‡i ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| el©vi †k‡li w`‡K Pviv †ivcY Kiv fv‡jv| g~j Rwg‡Z mvwi †_‡K mvwii `~iZ¡ 60 †mwg Ges Pviv †_‡K Pvivi ~iZ¡ 45 †mwg ivLv nq| U‡e †ivcY Ki‡j Lv‡Uv Rv‡Zi Muv`v wbe©vPb Kiv nq|

mvi cÖ‡qvM : †kl Pv‡li mgq kZK cÖwZ 40 †KwR cPv †Mvei, 1 †KwR BDwiqv , 0.80 †KwR wUGmwc, 0.70 †KwR Ggwc mvi fv‡jvfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Pviv †ivc‡Yi 1-1.5 gvm ci ïay BDwiqv mvi kZK cÖwZ 0.70 †KwR cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| mvi fv‡jvfv‡e Rwg‡Z wgwk‡q †mP w`‡Z n‡e| U‡e †ivcY Ki‡j cÖwZ U‡e 250 MÖvg cPv †Mvei, GK Pv PvgP K‡i BDwiqv, wUGmwc I Ggwc mvi wgwk‡q Ue cÖ ‘Z K‡i Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| †ivc‡Yi 1-1.5 gvm ci Avevi GK PvgP BDwiqv mvi w`‡Z n‡e|

AvšÍtcwiPh©v : MvQ †QvU Ae¯’vq wbqwgZfv‡e AvMvQv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| Rwgi im ey‡S 1-2wU †mP w`‡jB P‡j, Z‡e Mv‡Q dzj Avmvi c‡i †mP †Ìqv fv‡jv| G‡Z dy‡ji AvKvi eo nq Ges D¾¡jZv ev‡o| †QvU AvKv‡ii †ewk dzj cvevi Rb¨, MvQ mvgvb¨ eo n‡j, Mv‡Qi AvMv †K‡U †dj‡Z nq| Gi d‡j kvLv-cÖkvLv †ewk nq Ges

wPÎ : Muv`v dzj

70

dzjI †ewk a‡i| So-evZvm, †mP †Ìqv I dz‡ji fv‡i MvQ hv‡Z †n‡j bv c‡o †mRb¨ Mv‡Q evu‡ki LuywU w`‡q †eu‡a w`‡Z n‡e|

†ivM-†cvKv eë¯’vcbv : Muv`v dz‡ji Mv‡Q †ivM-†cvKvi AvµgY †Zgb †`Lv hvq bv| Z‡e e¨vK‡UwiqvRwbZ DBë †iv‡M AvMv Dci †_‡K ïwK‡q wb‡Pi w`‡K bvg‡Z _v‡K Ges GK mgq cy‡iv MvQwU ïwK‡q gviv hvq| †ivMwUi we¯Ívi †iva Kivi Rb¨ Avµvš— MvQ DwV‡q cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|

dzj msMÖn : dzj KuvwP w`‡q †evUvmn †K‡U msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| †evUv GKUz †ewk ivL‡j dzj †ewk mgq m‡ZR _v‡K| dyj Zz‡j cvwb wQwU‡q Kv‡jv cwjw_‡b gy‡o evRv‡i cvVv‡Z n‡e|

bZyb kã : Avwd«Kvb Muv`v, divwm Muv`v, kvLvKjg|

cvV-5 : †cqviv Pvl c×wZ

†cqviv evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU RbwcÖq dj| †cqviv wfUvwgb ÕwmÕ Gi GKwU cÖavb Drm| †`‡ki me©Î Kg †ewk G dj R‡b¥ _v‡K| Z‡e evwYwR¨Kfv‡e ewikvj, wc‡ivRcyi, SvjKvwV, PÆMÖvg, Kzwgj −v cÖf„wZ GjvKvq Gi Pvl n‡q _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡k A‡bK ai‡bi †cqviv †`Lv hvq, Zvi g‡a¨ KvÂb bMi, ¯î~cKvwV, gyKz›`cyix, KvRx †cqviv, evwi †cqviv-2, evwi †cqviv-3 RvZ¸‡jv Ab¨Zg|

gvwU : †cqviv Liv mwnòz Dw™¢` Ges A‡bK ai‡bi gvwU‡Z Rb¥v‡Z cv‡i| GUv wKQyUv jeYv³ZvI mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Dscv`‡bi Rb¨ De©i I Mfxi †`v-Auvk gvwU DËg|

MZ© ˆZwi : †cqvivi Pviv cªavbZ Ryb †_‡K †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m †ivcY Kiv nq| Pviv †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ 4×4 wgUvi `~i‡Z¡ 60×60×60 †mwg MZ© ˆZwi Kiv nq| M‡Z©i Dc‡ii 30 †mwg gvwU GKw`‡K Ges wb‡Pi 30 †mwg gvwU Ab¨w`‡K ivL‡Z nq| Gevi RgvK…Z Dc‡ii gvwU M‡Z©i wb‡P w`‡q Ges wb‡Pi gvwUi mv‡_ 5-7 †KwR cPv †Mvei mvi, 200 MÖvg wUGmwc Ges 150 MÖvg Ggwc mvi fv‡jvfv‡e wgwk‡q MZ© fivU K‡i 10-15 w`b †i‡L w`‡Z n‡e|

Pviv †ivcY : exR †_‡K Ges ¸wU Kj‡gi gva¨‡g †cqvivi Pviv ˆZwi Kiv nq| exR A_ev Kj‡gi gva¨‡g ˆZwiK…Z Pviv M‡Z©i gvSLv‡b jvMv‡bv nq| PvivwU‡K GKwU k³ LuywUi mv‡_ †eu‡a w`‡Z n‡e †hb evZv‡m †n‡j bv c‡o| Mi“-QvM‡ji nvZ †_‡K i¶vi Rb¨ euv‡ki ˆZwi LvuPv ev †eov w`‡Z nq| mvi cÖ‡qvM : †cqviv Mv‡Q cÖwZ eQi †deª“qvwi, †g I †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m mgvb wZb wKw¯Í‡Z mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j fv‡jv djb cvIqv hvq| mvi G‡Kev‡i Mv‡Qi †Mvovq bv w`‡q hZ`~i ch©š— Wvjcvjv we¯Ívi jvf K‡i †m GjvKvi gvwUi mv‡_ fv‡jvfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci cvwb †mP AZ¨vek¨K|

wPÎ : Muv`v dzj

wPÎ : †cqviv

K…wlR Drcv`b

K…wlwk¶v

71

Mv‡Qi eqm Abyhvqx mv‡ii cwigvY

mv‡ii bvg 1-3 eQi

†Mvei/K‡¤úv÷ (†KwR) 10-20

BDwiqv (MÖvg) 150-300

wUGmwc (MÖvg) 150-300

Ggwc (MÖvg) 150-300

cwiPh©v : eq¯‹ Mv‡Qi dj msMÖ‡ni ci AvM÷-†m‡Þ¤î gv‡m A½ QuvUvB Kiv nq| A½ QuvUvB Ki‡j Mv‡Q bZzb Wvjcvjv MRvq, dj aviY e„w× cvq| MvQ‡K wbqwgZ djevb ivL‡Z Ges gvbm¤úbœ dj †c‡Z KwP Ae¯’vq kZKiv 25-50 fvM dj QuvUvB Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| dj avi‡Yi mgq GwcÖj n‡Z Ryb gvm ch©š— 7-10 w`b ci ci cvwb †mP w`‡j djb e„w× cvq|

†ivM-†cvKv eëš’vcbv : †cqviv Mv‡Q QÎvKRwbZ †ivM A‡bK mgq nq| G †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y cÖ_‡g d‡ji Mv‡q †QvU †QvU Kv‡jv `vM †`Lv hvq hv µgvš‡q eo n‡q †cqvivi Mv‡q ¶‡Zi m„wó K‡i| dj †d‡U ev c‡P †h‡Z cv‡i| G †ivM `g‡bi Rb¨ Mv‡Qi wb‡P S‡i cov cvZv I dj msMÖn K‡i cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e| Mv‡Q dj aivi ci wUë 250 Bwm (cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 0.5 wgwj) 15 w`b ci ci 3-4 evi †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e|

dmj msMÖn : KvRx †cqviv I evwi †cqviv eQ‡i yBevi dj w`‡q _v‡K| †cqviv cvKvi mgq n‡j Gi meyR is Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í nj‡` mey‡R cwiYZ nq| †cqviv Mv‡Qi eqm I RvZ‡f‡` dj‡b cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq| 4-5 eQ‡ii GKwU MvQ †_‡K 15-20 †KwR dj cvIqv hvq|

KvR : †cv÷vi †ccv‡i †cqvivi Pviv †ivc‡Yi c×wZ A¼b K‡i †kªwYK‡¶ Dc¯’vcb Ki|

bZyb kã : A½ QuvUvB, dj QuvUvB, QÎvKRwbZ †ivM|

cvV-6 : †cu‡c Pvl c×wZ

†cu‡c AZ¨š— my ^v y, cywóKi I Jlax ¸Ym¤úbœ dj| KuvPv Ae¯’vq ZiKvwi Ges cvKv Ae¯’vq dj wn‡m‡e LvIqv nq| mviv eQi †cu‡c cvIqv hvq|

†cu‡ci RvZ : Avgv‡ì †`‡k kvnx, iuvwP, IqvwksUb, nvwbwWD, cylv Ges we‡`k †_‡K Avg`vwb Kiv wewfbœ ai‡bi nvBweªW Rv‡Zi †cu‡c Pvl Kiv nq|

wPÎ : †ivMvµvš— †cqviv

72

Rwg wbe©vPb I ˆZwi : DuPz I gvSvwi DuPz †`v-Avuk ev †e‡j †`v-Avuk gvwU †cu‡c Pv‡li Rb¨ DËg| Z‡e Dchy³ cwiPh©vi Øviv cÖvq me ai‡bi gvwU‡ZB †cu‡ci Pvl Kiv hvq| Rwg 3/4 evi DËgi~‡c Pvl w`‡Z nq| †cu‡c Rjve×Zv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

Pviv ˆZwi : fv‡jv wgwó †cu‡c †_‡K exR msMÖn K‡i ex‡Ri Dc‡ii mv`v AveiY mwi‡q UvUKv Ae¯’vq exRZjvq

ev cwjw_b e¨v‡Mi gvwU‡Z exR ecb Ki‡Z nq| exR ec‡bi ci cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwb †mP w`‡Z nq| 15-20 w`‡bi

g‡a¨ Pviv MRvq|

Pviv †ivcY c×wZ : †cu‡c mviv eQi Pvl Kiv hvq| Z‡e evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Pv‡li Rb¨ Avwk¦b-KvwZ©K ev dvêyb-ˆPÎ

gvm DËg mgq| wbe©vwPZ mg‡qi yÕgvm Av‡M Pviv ˆZwii Rb¨ exR ecb Ki‡Z nq| †ò †_‡K `ygvm eq‡mi

Pviv †ivcY Kiv nq| 2 wgUvi `~‡i ~‡i 60×60×60 †mwg AvKv‡ii gv`v ˆZwi K‡i Pviv †ivcY Kiv nq|

†ivc‡Yi 15 w`b c~‡e© gv`vi gvwU‡Z mvi wgkv‡Z nq|

mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ : cÖwZwU gv`vq 500 MÖvg wUGmwc, 250 MÖvg wRcmvg, 25 MÖvg †eviv·, 20 MÖvg wRsK

mvj‡dU Ges 15 †KwR ˆRe mvi gvwUi mv‡_ fv‡jvfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Pviv jvMv‡bvi ci Mv‡Q bZzb cvZv

G‡j BDwiqv I Ggwc mvi 50 MÖvg K‡i cÖwZ GK gvm AšÍi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Mv‡Q dzj G‡j G gvÎv wØ¸Y

Kiv nq| †kl dj msMÖ‡ni GK gvm c~‡e©I Ggwc I BDwiqv mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq|

Aš—e©Z©xKvjxb cwiPh©v : GKwj½ Rv‡Zi †¶‡Î cÖwZ gv`vq 3wU Pviv †ivcY Kiv nq| dzj G‡j 1wU ¯¿x MvQ †i‡L

evwK MvQ Zz‡j †dj‡Z n‡e| civMvq‡Yi myweavi Rb¨ evMv‡b 10% cyi“l MvQ ivLv nq| dzj n‡Z dj aiv wbwðZ

g‡b n‡j GKwU †euvUvq GKwU dj †i‡L evwK¸‡jv wQ‡o †dj‡Z nq| MvQ hv‡Z S‡o bv fv‡½ Zvi Rb¨ evu‡ki

LywU w`‡q MvQ †eu‡a w`‡Z n‡e|

†ivM-†cvKv I cÖwZKvi : exRZjv ev cwje¨v‡Mi gvwU mu vZ‡mu‡Z _vK‡j Pvivi X‡jcov Ges myôz wbKvk eë¯’vi

Afv‡e el©vi mgq gv‡V eq®‹ Mv‡Q KvÊ cPv †ivM †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| QÎvKRwbZ G †ivM `g‡bi Rb¨ Mv‡Qi

†Mvovi cvwb wbKv‡ki fv‡jv eë¯’v ivL‡Z nq, †ivMvµvšÍ Pviv MvQ gvwU n‡Z DwV‡q cywo‡q †dj‡Z nq| †cu‡c

Mv‡Q †gvRvBK fvBivm I cvZv †KuvKov‡bv fvBivm †ivM †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| †gvRvBK †iv‡M cvZv nj‡`fve I

†gvRvB‡Ki g‡Zv g‡b nq| Gme †iv‡M cvZvi djK cyi“ I f½yi n‡q hvq| evMv‡b †Kv‡bv Mv‡Q fvBivm †`Lv

w`‡j Zv mv‡_ mv‡_ Dcwo‡q cuy‡Z †dj‡Z n‡e|

dj msMÖn : d‡ji Kl Rjxqfve aviY Ki‡j mewR wn‡m‡e msMÖn Kiv hvq| d‡ji Z¡K nvjKv nj‡` eY© aviY

Ki‡j cvKv dj wn‡m‡e msMÖn Kiv nq| RvZ‡f‡` dj‡b cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq| Z‡e kvnx †cu‡ci djb cÖwZ †n±‡i

40-50 Ub nq|

KvR : †cu‡ci Pviv Drcv`b I Pviv †ivcY c×wZ m¤ú‡K© LvZvq †jL Ges †kªwYK‡¶ Dc¯’vcb Ki|

bZzb kã : †eviv· mvi, fvBivm †ivM, gv`v ˆZwi|

K…wlR Drcv`b

K…wlwk¶v

73

cvV-7 : K…wl wnmvei¶Y c×wZ (dmj Drcv`b)

A‡bK gvbyl dmj Drcv`b‡K eëmv wn‡m‡e wb‡q _v‡K| ZvB dmj Drcv`‡b e¨q Ges Drcvw`Z dmj wewµ K‡i Av‡q Gi wnmve K‡i _v‡K| hw` †Kv‡bv dmj Drcv`‡b e¨q †_‡K Avq Kvw•¶Z gvÎvq †ewk nq Z‡e †m dmj Drcv`‡b hvIqv DwPZ| dmj Drcv`‡b Avq-e¨q ¯’vb, Kvj I cvÎ‡f‡` wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i| dmj Drcv`‡b Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve Ki‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì cÖ_‡g KZ ai‡bi e¨q I Avq n‡Z cv‡i †m wel‡q Rvb‡Z n‡e| dmj Drcv`‡b Avgiv wZb ai‡bi e¨q †`L‡Z cvB; h_vÑK) DcKiY e¨q, L) Dcwi e¨q Ges M) †gvU Drcv`b e¨q|

K) DcKiY e¨q : DcKiY e¨q‡K Avevi yB fv‡M fvM Kiv nq; h_vÑ

1. e¯‘MZ DcKiY e¨q : dmj Drcv`‡b exR, mvi, †mP BZ¨vwì Rb¨ †h e¨q nq Zv‡K e¯‘MZ DcKiY e¨q e‡j| e¯‘MZ DcKiY e¨q wb‡Pi Q‡Ki gva¨‡g †ei Kiv nqÑ

µwgK bs DcKiY †n±i cÖwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY (†KwR)

DcKi‡Yi g~j¨ nvi (UvKv)

†n±i cÖwZ e¨q (UvKv)

2. Ae¯‘MZ DcKiY e¨q : dmj Drcv`b Kv‡R cÖ‡qvRbxq kªwgK I cï ev hvwš¿K kw³i Rb¨ †h e¨q cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv‡K Ae¯‘MZ e¨q e‡j| †hgbÑ Pviv †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ kªwgK, Rwg Pv‡li Rb¨ LiP BZ¨vw`| Ae¯‘MZ DcKiY e¨q wb‡Pi Q‡Ki gva¨‡g †ei Kiv nqÑ

µwgK bs Kv‡Ri weeiY kªwgK msL¨v ev Pvl msL¨v

ˆ`wbK gRywi ev Pvl cÖwZ LiP (UvKv)

†n±i cÖwZ e¨q (UvKv)

L) Dcwi e¨q : dmj Drcv`b Kv‡j †gvU DcKiY e¨‡qi Dci my` I Rwgi g~‡jï Dci my`|

M) †gvU Drcv`b e¨q : †gvU DcKiY e¨q I †gvU Dcwi e¨‡qi †hvMdj‡K †gvU Drcv`b e¨q e‡j|

†gvU Drcv`b e¨q = †gvU DcKiY e¨q + †gvU Dcwi e¨q|

dmj Drcv`‡b Avq‡K Avevi yfv‡M fvM Kiv nq, h_vÑ mvgwMÖK Avq I cÖK…Z Avq| Drcvw`Z dmj I Dc ªe¨ wewµ K‡i †h Avq nq Zv‡K mvgwMÖK Avq e‡j, †hgb- avb Pvl K‡i Drcvw`Z avb I Lo wewµ K‡i cÖvß Avq| mvgwMÖK Avq †_‡K †gvU Drcv`b e¨q ev` w`‡j †h Avq _v‡K Zv‡K cÖK…Z Avq e‡j| cÖK…Z Avq = mvgwMÖK Avq - †gvU Drcv`b e¨q|

†Zvgiv wK wbw`©ó cwigvY Rwg‡Z †cu‡c Pv‡li Rb¨ cÖK…Z Avq †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡e? †cu‡c Pv‡l cÖK…Z Avq †ei Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi e¨q I Av‡qi wnmve Avgv‡ì Ki‡Z n‡e :

74

e¯‘MZ DcKiY e¨q :

1. exR, mvi, KxUbvkK, QÎvKbvkK, evuk, myZwj, cvwb‡mP eve` LiP †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|

Ae¯‘MZ DcKiY e¨q : 1. exRZjv ˆZwi, exR ecb, Pvivi cwiPh©v, Pviv †Zvjvi kªwg‡Ki msL¨v I LiP †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| 2. 3 evi Rwg Pvl I gB Gi Rb¨ Pv‡li LiP †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| 3. gv`v ˆZwi, mvi †gkv‡bv, Pviv †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ kªwg‡Ki msL¨v I LiP †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| 4. mvi cÖ‡qvM I Ab¨vb¨ cwiPh©v, dmj msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ LiP †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|

Dcwi e¨q : 1. †gvU DcKiY e¨‡qi Dci 12.50% nv‡i dmj Drcv`bKvjxb mg‡qi my` †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|

2. Rwgi evRvi g~‡jï Dci 12.50% nv‡i dmj Drcv`bKvjxb mg‡qi my` †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| †gvU Drcv`b e¨q : †gvU DcKiY e¨q I †gvU Dcwi e¨q †hvM K‡i †gvU Drcv`b e¨q †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|

mvgwMÖK Avq : m¤¢ve¨ djb‡K evRviì w`‡q ¸b K‡i mvgwMÖK Avq †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|

cÖK…Z Avq : mvgwMÖK Avq †_‡K †gvU Drcv`b e¨q we‡qvM K‡i cÖK…Z Avq wnmve Ki‡Z n‡e|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `ywU `‡j fvM n‡q 1200 eM©wgUvi Rwg‡Z †cu‡c Pv‡li Rb¨ Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve Ki|

bZzb kã : e¯‘MZ DcKiY e¨q, Ae¯‘MZ DcKiY e¨q, Dcwi e¨q, †gvU Drcv`b e¨q, mvgwMÖK Avq, cÖK…Z Avq|

cvV-8 : ˆK gvQ Pvl c×wZ ˆK gvQ GKwU my ^v y gvQ| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Kv‡Q GwU Lye RbwcÖq| Avgv‡ì †`‡k nvIi, Lvj, wej, †Wvevq ˆK gvQ cvIqv hvq| ˆK gv‡Qi †h RvZwUi G‡`‡k Pvl nq †mwU _vBj¨vÛ †_‡K Avg`vwbK…Z| _vB ˆK gvQ †`wk Rv‡Zi †P‡q AwaK ea©bkxj| ˆK gvQ cvwb‡Z Ab¨vb¨ gv‡Qi g‡Zv dzjKvi mvnv‡h¨ Aw·‡Rb MÖnY K‡i| wKš—y cvwbi Dc‡i G‡j G‡ì Pvgovi wb‡P Aew¯’Z GKwU we‡kl A½ Øviv cÖwZK‚j cwi‡e‡k evZvm †_‡K Aw·‡Rb msMÖn K‡I †eu‡P _vK‡Z cv‡i| ˆK gv‡Qi Pvl GLb jvfRbK|

ˆK gvQ Pv‡li ¸i“Z¡ : G gvQ my¯^v y I cywóKi| evRv‡i cÖPzi Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q I evRvi g~jÏ †ewk| ¯^í MfxiZvi cyKz‡i I AwaK Nb‡Z¡ Pvl Kiv hvq| G gvQ Pvl K‡i cvwievwiK cÖvwYR Avwg‡li Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv m¤¢e|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `‡j fvM n‡q ˆK gv‡Qi Pvl c×wZi êwkó¨ LvZvq wj‡L †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

wPÎ : ˆK gvQ

K…wlR Drcv`b

K…wlwk¶v

75

Pvl‡hvM¨ cyKz‡ii êwkó¨ : cyKziwU †Lvjv‡gjv RvqMvq n‡e| cwj †`vAvuk ev Gu‡Uj †`vAuvk gvwU‡Z cyKzi n‡j fv‡jv| cyKzi k³ I cwi®‹vi cvohy³ Ges eb¨vgy³ ¯’v‡b n‡Z n‡e| cyKz‡i Aš—Z 5-6 gvm cvwb _vK‡Z n‡e|

Pv‡li Rb¨ cyKzi cÖ¯‘wZ : ˆK gv‡Qi cyKzi cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ wb‡Pi c`‡¶cmg~n AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e-

cvo †givgZ : cyKy‡ii cvo fv½v _vK‡j †mUv fv‡jvfv‡e †givgZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cv‡o eo MvQcvjv _vK‡j †m¸‡jv †Qu‡U w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z cyKz‡i ch©vß Av‡jv c‡o|

RjR AvMvQv `gb : cyKzi n‡Z RjR AvMvQv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e †hb cyKz‡i ch©vß m~h©v‡jvK c‡o| ZvQvov AvMvQv gy³ cyKzi gv‡Qi cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨ ˆZwi‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

iv¶y‡m I AevwÃZ gvQ AcmviY : cyKzi n‡Z iv¶y‡m gvQ I AevwÃZ gvQ `~i Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY iv¶z‡m gvQ ˆK gv‡Qi †cvbv †L‡q †d‡j| AevwÃZ gvQ ˆK gv‡Qi Lv`¨ †L‡q †d‡j| evievi Rvj †U‡b ev cyKzi kywK‡q ev cÖwZ kZK cyKz‡i 20-30 MÖvg †iv‡Ubb cÖ‡qvM K‡i G‡ì `~i Kiv hvq|

Pzb cÖ‡qvM : Pzb cÖ‡qv‡M cvwb I gvwUi A¤−Zv ~i nq| Pzb cvwbi †NvjvZ¡ `~i K‡i Ges ˆK gv‡Qi †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvnvh¨ K‡i| ZvB cÖwZ kZK cyKz‡i 1-2 †KwR Pzb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

mvi cÖ‡qvM : ˆK gv‡Qi Pvl A‡bKUv K„wÎg Lv‡`ï Dci wbf©ikxj| ZeyI Pzb cª‡qv‡Mi 7 w`b ci kZ‡K 100 Mªvg BDwiqv I 50 MÖvg wUGmwc cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q m~h©v‡jv‡Ki mgq cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

†cvbv Qvov : ˆK gvQ e„wói mgq KvZ n‡q Kv‡b †nu‡U GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b †h‡Z m¶g| †m Rb¨ ˆK gv‡Qi †cvbv Qvovi c~‡e© cyKz‡ii Pviw`‡K bvBjb †bU w`‡q †eov w`‡Z n‡e| †cvbv cwien‡bi mgq mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e †hb †cvbv AvNvZcÖvß bv nq| cyKz‡i †cvbv Qvovi c~‡e© Aek¨B †cvbv‡K cyKz‡ii cvwbi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q wb‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ kZ‡K 400-500 †cvbv gRy Kiv hv‡e| G iKg gRy Nb‡Z¡ Aek¨B ˆZwi Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|

Lvevi cÖ`vb : ˆK gvQ‡K Lvevi wn‡m‡e wdkwgj, mwilvi ˆLj, Pv‡ji Kzuov, M‡gi fywm cvwb Øviv wgwkªZ K‡i ej ˆZwi K‡i cyKz‡ii K‡qKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| Avevi evRvi n‡Z evwYwR¨K Lv`¨ wK‡bI mieivn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖwZw`‡bi gv‡Qi †`n IR‡bi 4% †_‡K 8% nv‡i Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e| cÖwZw`b Lvevi `yB fvM K‡i mKv‡j I weKv‡j w`‡Z n‡e|

bZzb kã : cÖwZK‚j cwi‡ek, K„wÎg Lv`¨|

cvV-9 : ˆK gv‡Qi †ivM eë¯’vcbv gv‡Qi †ivM eë¯’vcbv ej‡Z †iv‡Mi wei“‡× M„nxZ cªwZ‡iva I cÖwZKvig~jK eë¯’v‡K †evSvq| †ivM nIqvi c~‡e© cªwZ‡iva Gis †ivM nIqvi ci cÖwZKvig~jK eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv nq| ˆK gv‡Qi †iv‡Mi †¶‡Î wPwKrmvi †_‡K cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dci AwaK ¸i“Z¡ w`‡Z n‡e| G gv‡Q cÖavbZ e¨vK‡Uwiqv I ciRxexRwbZ †ivM †ewk nq| Z‡e gv‡Qi gRy NbZ¡ †ewk I Lv‡`¨ cywói Afve n‡j gvQ AcywóRwbZ wewfbœ †iv‡M Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡i|

wPÎ : ˆK gv‡Qi †cvbv

wPÎ : ˆK gv‡Qi ˆZwi Lv`¨

76

wb‡P ˆK gv‡Qi †ivM cÖwZ‡ivag~jK eë¯’vmg~n D‡j−L Kiv n‡jv- 1| gv‡m Aš—Z GKevi Rvj Uvb‡Z n‡e| 2| gv‡Qi Mo IR‡bi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L cyKz‡i cywómg„× Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| 3| cvwbi is Mvp meyR n‡j ev cvwb bó n‡j cvwb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e| 4| cyKz‡i jvj ¯—i co‡j cÖwZ kZ‡K 50 MÖvg we−wPs cvDWvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| 5| ˆK gv‡Qi cyKz‡i cÖPzi c−vsKUb ˆZwi nq hv cyKz‡ii cvwbi cwi‡ek bó K‡i| c−vsKUb wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ kZK

cÖwZ 12wU †Zjvwcqv I 4wU wmjfvi Kv‡c©i †cvbv Qvov †h‡Z cv‡i| 6| cvwb‡Z Aw·‡R‡bi Afve n‡j cyKz‡i euvk wcwU‡q ev muvZvi †K‡U Aw·‡Rb †gkv‡bvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| 7| †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ kx‡Zi ïi“‡Z kZ‡K 0.5-1.0 †KwR nv‡i Pzb ev 200-250 MÖvg wRIjvBU cÖ‡qvM

Ki‡Z n‡e| Avevi gv‡m 2 evi K‡i cÖwZ kZ‡K 250 MÖvg nv‡i jeYI cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

KvR: wk¶v_©xiv `‡j fvM n‡q ˆK gv‡Qi †ivM cÖwZ‡ivag~jK eë¯’vmg~n Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e Ges LvZvq wj‡L †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

cyKz‡i ˆK gv‡Qi †ivM †`Lv w`‡j wbgœewY©Z wPwKrmv ev cÖwZKvig~jK eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z nq- 1| gv‡Q e¨vK‡UwiqvRwbZ †ivM ev †jR I cvLbv cPv †ivM †`Lv w`‡j Kcvi mvj‡dU cÖwZ kZ‡K 6-8 MÖvg nv‡i

cyKz‡i cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

2| gv‡Qi kix‡i DuKzb n‡j cyKz‡i wWcUv‡i· 0.25-0.5 wg.MÖvg/wjUvi nv‡i mßv‡n 1 evi wnmv‡e cici 3 evi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

3| gv‡Qi ¶Z‡ivM n‡j cyKz‡i Kcvi mvj‡dU wUªU‡g‡›Ui cvkvcvwk cÖwZ †KwR Lvev‡ii mv‡_ 3-5 MÖvg Aw·‡UUªvmvBwK¬b mvZ w`b eënvi K‡i †ivM wbqš¿Y Kiv m¤¢e|

bZzb kã : cÖwZKvi eë¯’v, cyKz‡i jvj ¯—i, †jR I cvLbv cPv †ivM, gv‡Qi DuKzb |

wPÎ : ˆK gv‡Qi †jR I cvLbv cPv †ivM

wPÎ : DuKz‡b Avµvš— GKwU gvQ wPÎ : e¨vK‡Uwiqvq Avµvš— GKwU gvQ

K…wlR Drcv`b

K…wlwk¶v

77

cvV-10 : gyiwM cvjb c×wZ

MÖv‡g Kxfv‡e gyiwM cvjb Kiv nq Zv wbðqB †Zvgiv wbðqB j¶ K‡iQ| MÖvg-evsjvq m¤ú~Y© gy³ ev Qvov Ae¯’vq gyiwM cvjb Kiv nq| wKš—y evwYwR¨K Lvgv‡i m¤ú~Y© Ave× Ae¯’vq gyiwM cvjb Kiv nq| Avevi †KD †KD †NivI Kiv RvqMvi g‡a¨ gyiwM cvjb K‡i _v‡K| wb‡P gyiwM cvjb c×wZmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

gy³ ev Qvov c×wZ‡Z gyiwM cvjb : G c×wZ‡Z m¤ú~Y© gy³ ev †Lvjv Ae¯’vq gyiwM cvjb Kiv nq| Aí msL¨K gyiwM cvj‡b G c×wZ LyeB mnR I RbwcÖq| evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgvÂ‡j evwo‡Z evwo‡Z G c×wZ‡Z gyiwM cvjb Kiv nq| G †¶‡Î gyiwM mvivw`b emZevwoi Pvicv‡k Ny‡i wd‡i wb‡Ri Lv`¨ wb‡RB msMÖn K‡i| G‡ì‡K evwoi Dw”Qó LveviI mieivn Kiv n‡q _v‡K| mÜ¨vi mgq Giv wbR evmvq wd‡i Av‡m| G †¶‡Î evm¯’v‡bi Rb¨ †Zgb LiP nq bv| G c×wZ‡Z gyiwM cvj‡b LiP Kg| KviY GLv‡b Lv`¨ I kªwgK jv‡M bv| evwYwR¨Kfv‡e gyiwM cvj‡b G c×wZ eënvi Kiv nq bv| †`wk gyiwM G c×wZ‡Z cvjb Kiv jvfRbK|

Aa©-Ave× c×wZ‡Z gyiwM cvjb : G c×wZ‡Z gyiwMi Rb¨ wbw`ó Ni _v‡K| gyiwMi N‡ii Pviw`‡K †eov ev †`qvj w`‡q A‡bKLvwb RvqMv †NivI Kiv nq| gyiwM mvivw`b G RvqMvq P‡i †eovq| So I e„wói mgq gyiwM N‡i wM‡q D‡V| ZvQvov iv‡Z Giv N‡i Avkªq †bq| wbw ©ó RvqMvi g‡a¨ _vKvq Zviv cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv Lv`¨ I cvwb cvq bv| ZvB GLv‡bI G‡ì‡K Lv`¨ I cvwb mieivn Ki‡Z nq| Lv`¨ mieiv‡ni Kvi‡Y G c×wZ‡Z Drcv`b LiP †ewk n‡q _v‡K| Aa©-Ave× c×wZ‡Z nvBweªW gyiwM cvjb bv K‡i DbœZ Rv‡Zi dvDwg, A÷ªvjc© ev †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †iW Rv‡Zi gyiwM cvjb KivB fvj|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `jMZfv‡e Pvi fvM n‡q gyiwM cvj‡bi wewfbœ c×wZi myweav wj‡L †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

wPÎ : Ave× c×wZ‡Z †g‡S‡Z gyiwM cvjb wPÎ : Ave× c×wZ‡Z LuvPvq gyiwM cvjb

wPÎ : gy³ c×wZ‡Z evwo‡Z gyiwM cvjb wPÎ : Aa© Ave× c×wZ‡Z gyiwM cvjb

78

Ave× c×wZ‡Z gyiwM cvjb : G †¶‡Î m¤ú~Y© Ave× Ae¯’vq A‡bK gyiwM N‡ii g‡a¨ cvjb Kiv nq| GLv‡b Ni‡K gyiwM cvjb Dc‡hvMx K‡i wbg©vY Kiv nq| G‡K gyiwMi Lvgvi e‡j| mvaviYZ Ave× c×wZ‡Z †g‡S‡Z gyiwM cvjb Kiv nq| Avevi A‡b‡K LuvPvqI gyiwM cvjb K‡i _v‡K| N‡ii †g‡S mu vZ‡mu‡Z n‡j gvPvq gyiwM cvjb Kiv hvq| evwYwR¨K gyiwM cvj‡b G c×wZ †ek RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i‡Q| G c×wZ‡Z gyiwM‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ I cvwb mieivn Kiv nq| ZvB G †¶‡Î eë¯’vcbv LiP †ewk Ges jvfI †ewk| DbœZ Rv‡Zi wWg cvov gyiwM, eªqjvi I †jqvi nvBweªW gyiwM Ave× c×wZ‡Z cvjb Kiv nq| G †¶‡Î Aí RvqMvq GKmv‡_ A‡bK †ewk gyiwM cvjb Kiv hvq|

bZzb kã : evwYwR¨K, Dw”Qó , eë¯’vcbv, nvBweªW, eªqjvi I †jqvi |

cvV-11 : gyiwMi Lv`¨ I cvwb eë¯’vcbv

gyiwMi Lv`¨ eë¯’vcbvB n‡”Q Ab¨Zg cÖavb welq| emZevwo‡Z gy³ ev Qvov c×wZ‡Z cvjb Kiv gyiwM Lvev‡ii eR©¨, Siv km¨, †cvKvgvKo, kvKmewR BZ¨vw` †L‡q Rxeb aviY K‡i| ZvB Giv cwiwgZ I mylg Lvevi cvq bv| emZevwo‡Z DbœZ Rv‡Zi gyiwM cvjb Ki‡j mylg Lv`¨ bv w`‡j cÖZ¨vwkZ wWg I gvsm cvIqv hv‡e bv| Lvgv‡i gyiwM cvj‡b hZ UvKv LiP nq Zvi 70% Lv`¨ LiP| gyiwM cÖPzi cwigvY cvwb cvb K‡i| ZvB gyiwMi Lvgv‡i Lv`¨ I cvwb eë¯’vcbv ¸i“Z¡c~Y©|

gyiwMi cywó I Lv`¨ DcKiY : gyiwMi †`‡ni Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨Kxq cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡”Q kK©iv, Avwgl, †mœn, LwbR jeY, wfUvwgb I cvwb| mylg Lvev‡i gyiwMi †`‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxq cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv Dcw¯’Z _v‡K| gyiwMi cywói Drm wn‡m‡e eëüZ wewfbœ Lv`¨ DcKi‡Yi ZvwjKv wb‡P †Ìqv n‡jv-

µwgK bs cywó Dcv`vb Lv`¨ DcKiY

1 kK©iv Mg, fyÆv, Pv‡ji Ly`, Pv‡ji Kuyov, M‡gi fywm BZ¨vw`

2 Avwgl ïuUwK gv‡Qi ¸uov, mqvweb wgj, wZ‡ji ˆLj, mwilvi ˆLj BZ¨vw`

3 ‡mœn mqvweb †Zj, mwilvi †Zj, wZ‡ji †Zj BZ¨vw`

4 LwbR Lv`¨ jeY, nv‡oi uov, wSbyK-kvgy‡Ki ¸uov, wfUvwgb-LwbR wgkªY

5 wfUvwgb kvK-mewR, wfUvwgb wgkªY BZ¨vw`

6 cvwb wUDeI‡qj I K‚‡c Gi weï× cvwb

wPÎ : Mg wPÎ : ïuUwK gv‡Qi uov wPÎ : Pv‡ji Kzuov wPÎ : wSby‡Ki uov

K…wlR Drcv`b

K…wlwk¶v

79

gyiwMi †ikb : evRv‡i evwYwR¨Kfv‡e gyiwMi Rb¨ 3 ai‡bi Lv`¨ cvIqv hvq| †jqvi gyiwMi Rb¨ ev”Pvi †ikb, evoš— gyiwMi †ikb I wWg cvov gyiwMi †ikb cvIqv hvq| eªqjvi gyiwMi Rb¨ ev”Pvi †ikb, evoš— eªqjvi †ikb I wdwbkvi †ikb cvIqv hvq| ZvB gyiwMi eqm I D‡Ïk¨ Abymv‡i †ikb ˆZwi K‡i ev evRvi †_‡K wK‡b gyiwM‡K LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

gyiwMi †ikb ˆZwi : `vbv`vi Lv`¨ DcKiY w`‡q gyiwMi mylg †ikb ˆZwi Kiv nq| ‡ikb ˆZwii mgq cÖvq 45-55% Mg I fyÆv, Pv‡ji Kz&uov I M‡gi f~wm 15-20%, mqvweb wgj I wZ‡ji ˆLj 10-15%, ïuUwK gv‡Qi uov 6-10%, nv‡oi uov ev wSbyK-kvgy‡Ki ¸uov 2-6% eënvi Kiv nq| ZvQvov †ik‡b Lv`¨ jeY I wfUvwgb-LwbR wgkªY †hvM Ki‡Z nq| †ikb ˆZwii ci Lv`¨ DcKiY fv‡jvfv‡e wgwkªZ Ki‡Z nq| wb‡P wWg cvov gyiwMi †ikb ˆZwii GKwU bgybv †`qv n‡jv-

µwgK bs Lv`¨ DcKiY kZKiv nvi (%) 1 Mg fv½v I fyÆvfv½v 47.00 2 M‡gi fywm I Pv‡ji Kuyov 16.00 3 mqvweb wgj 10.00 4 wZ‡ji ˆLj 10.00 5 ïuUwK gv‡Qi ¸uov 10.00 6 wSbyK-kvgy‡Ki ¸uov 6.00 7 Lv`¨ jeY 0.50 8 wfUvwgb-LwbR wgkªY 0.50 †gvU 100.00

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `jMZfv‡e fvM n‡q wb‡`©wkZ AbycvZ wVK †i‡L †ikb ˆZwii bgybv AbymiY K‡i Av‡iKwU †ikb ˆZwi K‡i †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

Lv`¨ I cvwb mieivn : cÖwZwU ev”Pv gyiwM 10-15 MÖvg Lv`¨ Lvq| eqm evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ Lv`¨ mieiv‡ni cwigvY evov‡Z n‡e| eq¯‹ gyiwM‡K ˆ`wbK cÖvq 100-120 MÖvg Lv`¨ Ges 200 wgwjwjUvi RxevYygy³ weï× cvwb w`‡Z nq| cÖwZw`b Lv‡`ï cvÎ I cvwbi cvÎ cwi®‹vi K‡i eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|

wPÎ : gyiwMi Lv`¨ wPÎ : cvÎ cvwbi cvÎ

bZzb kã : †ikb, wdwbkvi †ikb|

80

cvV-12 : gyiwMi †ivM-eë¯’vcbv

gvby‡li g‡Zv cvwL‡ìI wewfbœ †ivM n‡q _v‡K| gvbyl I cïcvwLi ¯^vfvweK ¯^v‡¯’ï wePz wZ‡K †ivM ejv nq| kix‡ii A¯^vfvweK j¶Y‡K †iv‡Mi ewntcÖKvk wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †ivM eë¯’vcbv ej‡Z Gi cÖwZ‡iva, †ivM wbY©q I cÖwZKvi‡K †evSvq| cÖv_wgKfv‡e evwn¨K j¶Y †`‡L Amy¯’ gyiwM kbv³ Kiv hvq| wb‡P GKwU Amy¯’ gyiwMi j¶Y †Ìqv n‡jv-

1| Amy¯’ gyiwM `j †_‡K Avjv`v n‡q hvq|

2| gvwU‡Z e‡m wSgv‡Z _v‡K|

3| Lv`¨ I cvwb MÖnY K‡g hvq ev Z¨vM K‡i|

4| gyiwMi Mv‡qi cvjK¸‡jv Dm‡Kv-Lyk‡Kv †`Lvq|

5| cvqLvbv ¯^vfvweK nq bv|

wewfbœ Kvi‡Y cvwLi †ivM n‡q _v‡K| †iv‡Mi cÖavb KviY RxevYy| gyiwMi fvBivm I e¨vK‡UwiqvRwbZ †ivM LyeB gvivZ¥K| fvBivmRwbZ †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv †bB| ZvB †ivM †`Lv w`‡j gyiwM‡K Avi euvPv‡bv hvq bv| ZvQvov ciRxexRwbZ †ivM gyiwMi A‡bK ¶wZ K‡i _v‡K| gyiwMi fvBivm I e¨vK‡UwiqvRwbZ †ivM †_‡K i¶vi Rb¨ wbqwgZ wUKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| wUKv †Ìqvi ci H †iv‡Mi wei“‡× gyiwMi kix‡i cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv M‡o D‡V| ZvB evwoi ev Lvgv‡ii mKj my¯’ gyiwM‡K GKmv‡_ wUKv w`‡Z nq| wb‡P gyiwMi KZ¸‡jv †iv‡Mi bvg †Ìqv n‡jv-

1| fvBivmRwbZ †ivM : ivYx‡¶Z, Mvg‡ev‡iv, evW© d¬z BZ¨vw`|

2| e¨vK‡UwiqvRwbZ †ivM : dvD‡qj K‡jiv, dvD‡qj UvBd‡qW, cy‡jvivg, h²v,eUzwjRg BZ¨vw`|

3| ciRxexRwbZ †ivM : gyiwMi †`‡ni wfZ‡i I evB‡i `yB ai‡bi ciRxex †`Lv hvq| †`‡ni evB‡i cvj‡Ki wb‡P DuKzb, AvUvwj I gvBU n‡q _v‡K| †`‡ni wfZ‡i †Mvj K…wg I wdZv K…wg Øviv gyiwM †ewk Avµvš— nq| Giv gyiwM KZ…©K LvIqv cywóKi Lv‡`¨ fvM emvq| A‡bK K…wg cvwLi kixi †_‡K i³ Pz‡l †bq| ZvQvov gyiwM‡K cÖvqB i³ Avgvkq n‡Z †`Lv hvq| G †ivMwU †cÖv‡Uv‡Rvqv Øviv n‡q _v‡K| M„ncvwjZ cï `xN©w`b Lvgv‡i _v‡K| ZvB †ivM n‡j G‡ì wPwKrmv Øviv my¯’ K‡i cybivq Drcv`‡b wb‡q Avmv hvq| wKš—y evwYwR¨K gyiwMi Lvgv‡i GUv m¤¢e nq bv| ZvB gyiwMi Lvgv‡i †ivM cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’v M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ c`‡¶cmg~n AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e-

1| gyiwMi Ni I Gi Pvicvk cwi”Qbœ ivLv|

2| gyiwMi Lvgv‡i eb¨ cïcvwL‡K XyK‡Z bv †`qv|

3| gyiwM‡K mgqg‡Zv wUKv †Ìqv|

4| gyiwM‡K ZvRv Lv`¨ †L‡Z †Ìqv|

wPÎ : GKwU Amy ’ gyiwMi evwn¨K j¶Y

wPÎ : GKwU Amy ’ gyiwM‡K wPwKrmv `vb

K…wlR Drcv`b

K…wlwk¶v

81

5| gyiwM‡K weï× cvwb mieivn Kiv|

6| gyiwM‡K mylg Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv|

7| gyiwMi weQvbv ï®‹ ivLvi eë¯’v Kiv|

8| gyiwMi weôv Lvgvi †_‡K ~‡i msi¶Y Kiv| KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `jMZfv‡e gyiwMi mvaviYZ Kx Kx ai‡bi †ivM nq Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

gyiwMi Lvgv‡i †ivM †`Lv w`‡j AvZw¼Z bv n‡q cÖ_‡g GKRb cïwPwKrm‡Ki mv‡_ civgk© K‡i AwZ ª“Z wbgœewY©Z eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv DwPZ-

1| Amy¯’ cvwL‡K Avjv`v K‡i ch©‡e¶Y Kiv|

2| cÖ‡qvRb n‡j cvwLi gjg~Î cix¶vi eë¯’v Kiv|

3| gvivZ¥K fvBivm †ivM n‡j mKj gyiwM‡K aŸsm Kiv|

4| g„Z cvwL‡K gvwUi wb‡P Pvcv †Ìqv|

5| †ivMvµvš— gyiwM evRv‡i wewµ bv Kiv|

6| cï Wv³v‡ii civgk© wb‡q cvwL‡K wPwKrmv †Ìqv|

bZzb kã : fvBivm, e¨vK‡Uwiqv, ciRxex, cÖwZ‡iva, †cÖv‡Uv‡Rvqv|

cvV-13 : QvMj cvjb c×wZ

evsjv‡`‡k QvMj Ab¨Zg M„ncvwjZ cï| QvMx 7-8 gv‡mi g‡a¨ ev”Pv aviY ¶gZv AR©b K‡i| GwU GKmv‡_ 2-

3wU ev”Pv †`qvi Kvi‡Y K…l‡Ki wbKU Lye RbwcÖq| GKwU QvMj Lvwm 12-15 gv‡mi g‡a¨ 15-20 †KwR n‡q

_v‡K| QvM‡ji gvsm Lye my ^v y| ZvB evRv‡i G QvM‡ji A‡bK Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| QvMj‡K Mwi‡ei Mvfx ejv nq|

KviY Mvfx cvj‡bi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK g~jab, evm ’vb I Lv`¨ †ewk jv‡M|

cÖPwjZ c×wZ‡Z QvMj cvjb : MÖv‡g QvMj‡K gv‡V, evMv‡b, iv¯—vi cv‡k †eu‡a ev †Q‡o w`‡q cvjb Kiv nq|

mvaviYZ QvMj‡K evwo †_‡K †Kv‡bv evowZ Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv nq bv| K…lK el©vKv‡j wewfbœ Mv‡Qi cvZv †K‡U

QvMj‡K †L‡Z †`q| iv‡Z QvMj‡K wb‡R‡ì _vKvi Ni ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv N‡i Avkªq †`q|

evwYwR¨K D‡Ï‡k¨ QvMj cvj‡bi Rb¨ weÁvbwfwËK c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z QvM‡ji evm¯’vb, Lv`¨ I

¯^v¯’¨ eë¯’vcbvi Ici ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv nq| êÁvwbK Dcv‡q Ave× I Aa©-Ave× c×wZ‡Z QvMj cvjb Kiv nq|

hv‡ì PviY f~wg ev euvavi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv Rwg †bB †mLv‡b Ave× c×wZ‡Z QvMj cvjb Kiv nq|

wPÎ : dvD‡qj c· †iv‡M Avµvš — gyiwM

82

Ave× c×wZ‡Z QvMj cvjb : GLv‡b m¤ú~Y© Ave× Ae¯’vq QvMj cvjb Kiv nq| QvM‡ji N‡ii Rb¨ DuPz I ïKbv RvqMv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq| G c×wZ‡Z Ni ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ KvV, euvk, wUb, Qb, †MvjcvZv eënvi K‡i Kg Li‡P Ni ˆZwi Kiv hvq| Ni ˆZwi Kivi mgq cÖwZwU eq¯‹ QvM‡ji Rb¨ 1 eM©wgUvi (10 eM©dzU) RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| †g‡S mu¨vZ‡mu‡Z n‡j QvM‡ji N‡i gvPv ˆZwi K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b QvMj‡K m¤ú~Y© Ave× Ae¯’vq cÖ‡qvRbxq meyR Nvm, `vbv`vi Lv`¨ I cvwb mieivn Kiv nq| Z‡e cÖwZw`b K‡qK NÈvi Rb¨ N‡ii evB‡i Nywi‡q wb‡q G‡j G‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv _v‡K| bZzb QvMj w`‡q Lvgvi ïi“ Ki‡j cÖ_‡gB m¤ú~Y© Ave× Ae¯’vq ivLv hv‡e bv| Av‡¯— Av‡¯— G‡ì PviY mgq Kwg‡q Avb‡Z n‡e| bZzb cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ Af¨¯— n‡j Lv`¨ MÖn‡Y Avi mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡e bv|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `jMZfv‡e fvM n‡q QvMj cvj‡bi wewfbœ c×wZi myweav I Amyweav Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wj‡L †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

Aa©-Ave× c×wZ‡Z QvMj cvjb : G c×wZ‡Z QvMj cvj‡bi mgq Ave× I Qvov c×wZ AbymiY Kiv nq| Lvgv‡i Ave× Ae¯’vq G‡ì `vbv`vi Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv nq| gv‡V Pvi‡Yi gva¨‡g Giv meyR Nvm †L‡q _v‡K| el©vi mgq gv‡V †bqv m¤¢e bv n‡j meyR NvmI Ave× Ae¯’vq mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|

bZzb kã : Ave×, Aa©-Ave×, `vbv`vi Lv`¨ |

wPÎ : QvM‡ji Ni wPÎ : Ave× c×wZ‡Z QvM‡ji GKwU K¶

wPÎ : Aa©-Ave× c×wZ‡Z gvPvi Dci QvM‡ji Ni wPÎ : Aa©-Ave× c×wZ‡Z QvMj gv‡V P‡i Lv‡”Q

K…wlR Drcv`b

K…wlwk¶v

83

cvV -14 : QvM‡ji Lv`¨ eë¯’vcbv

QvM‡ji Lv`¨ eë¯’vcbvB n‡”Q Ab¨Zg cÖavb welq| QvMj meyR Nvm I `vbv`vi Lv`¨ †L‡q Rxeb aviY K‡i|

ZvQvov wPKb av‡bi Lo Lye †QvU K‡i †K‡U wPUv¸o wgwk‡qI QvMj‡K LvIqv‡bv hvq| Lv`¨ eë¯’vcbvi cÖ_‡gB

QvMj Qvbvi K_v fve‡Z n‡e| QvMj Qvbv 2-3 gv‡mi g‡a¨ gv‡qi ya Qv‡o| ev”Pvi eqm 1 gvm cvi n‡j DbœZ

gv‡bi KwP meyR Nvm I `vbv`vi Lv‡`ï Af¨vm Kiv‡Z n‡e|

meyR Nvm : QvM‡ji Rb¨ Bwcj Bwcj, KuvVvj cvZv, †Lmvwi, gvmKvjvB, `~e©v, evKmv BZ¨vw` Nvm †ek cywóKi|

†`wk Nv‡mi cÖvc¨Zv Kg n‡j QvM‡ji Rb¨ DbœZ Rv‡Zi †bwcqvi, cviv, Rvg©vb Nvm Pvl Kiv hvq| Pvl Kiv Nvm

†K‡U ev Pwi‡q QvMj‡K LvIqv‡bv hvq|

`vbv`vi Lv`¨ : QvM‡ji cywó Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ meyR Nv‡mi mv‡_ ˆ`wbK Pvwn`vg‡Zv `vbv`vi Lv`¨ mieivn

Ki‡Z n‡e| Mg, fyÆv, M‡gi fywm, Pv‡ji Kuzov, wewfbœ Wv‡ji †Lvmv, ˆLj, kuyUwK gv‡Qi ¸uov BZ¨vw` `vbv`vi

Lv‡`ï wgkªY wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq| `vbv`vi Lv‡`ï mv‡_ Lv`¨ jeY I wfUvwgb-LwbR wgkªY †hvM Ki‡Z

nq| eqm‡f‡` QvMj‡K ˆ`wbK 1-2 wjUvi weï× cvwb mieivn Ki‡Z nq|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv `‡j fvM n‡q †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU KvR m¤úv`b K‡i †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

1| †Zvgv‡ì MÖv‡g QvMj †mme meyR Nvm I jZv cvZv Lvq Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki|

2| vbv`vi Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e QvMj‡K †hme Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv nq Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki|

cvwb : gvby‡li g‡Zv mKj cïcvwLi cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| eqm‡f‡` QvMj ˆ`wbK 1-2 wjUvi cvwb cvb K‡i|

ZvB cvwb QvM‡ji bvMv‡ji g‡a¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|

wPÎ : QvMj †K‡U †Ìqv meyR Nvm Lv‡”Q wPÎ : QvM‡ji Rb¨ ˆZwi `vbv`vi Lv`¨ wgkªY

84

QvM‡ji Rb¨ `vbv`vi Lv‡`ï GKwU wgkªY wb‡P †Ìqv n‡jv-

QvM‡ji IRb Abymv‡i mieiv‡ni Rb¨ meyR Nvm I `vbv`vi Lv‡`ï cwigvY wb‡P †Ìqv n‡jv-

QvM‡ji IRb (†KwR) ˆ`wbK meyR Nvm (†KwR) ˆ`wbK `vbv`vi Lv`¨ wgkªY (MÖvg)

4 0.4 100

6 0.6 150

8 0.8 200

10 1.5 250

12 2.0 300

14 2.5 350

bZzb kã : wfUvwgb-LwbR wgkªY |

cvV - 15 : QvM‡ji †ivM `gb

QvMj cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ cwi‡e‡k _vK‡Z cQ›` K‡i| G‡ì evm¯’v‡b Av‡jv-evZv‡mi eë¯’v Ki‡Z nq| QvMj memgq ïK‡bv I DuPz¯’vb Lye fv‡jvev‡m| QvM‡ji hv‡Z VvÊv bv jv‡M †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| KviY VvÊvq Giv wbD‡gvwbqvmn Ab¨vb¨ RwUj †iv‡M Avµvš— nq| ZvB kx‡Zi mgq †g‡S‡Z av‡bi Lo A_ev bvov wewQ‡q w`‡Z nq| kx‡Zi mgq QvMj‡K VvÊv †_‡K i¶vi Rb¨ G‡ì N‡ii †`qv‡j cÖ‡qvR‡b P‡Ui e¯—v †U‡b w`‡Z n‡e| wb‡P QvM‡ji †iv‡Mi KviYmg~n D‡j −L Kiv n‡jv-

1| fvBivmRwbZ †ivM : wc.wc.Avi, wbD‡gvwbqv BZ¨vw`

2| e¨vK‡UwiqvRwbZ †ivM : Mjvdzjv, Wvqwiqv BZ¨vw`

3| ciRxexRwbZ †ivM : QvM‡ji †`‡ni wfZ‡i I evB‡i `yyai‡bi ciRxex †`Lv hvq| †`‡ni evB‡i Pvgovi g‡a¨ DuKzb, AvUvwj I

Lv`¨ Dcv`vb kZKiv nvi (%) Mg fvOv/fyÆv fvOv 10 M‡gi fywm/Pv‡ji Kuyov 48 Wv‡ji fywm 17 Mqvweb ˆLj/mwilvi ˆLj/wZ‡ji ˆLj 20 ï&uUwK gv‡Qi ¸uov 1.5 nv‡oi ¸uov 2 Lv`¨ jeY 1 wfUvwgb-LwbR wgkªY 0.5 †gvU 100

wPÎ : wc.wc.Avi †iv‡M Avµvš— GKwU QvMj

wPÎ : fyÆv I mwilvi ˆLj

K…wlR Drcv`b

K…wlwk¶v

85

gvBU n‡q _v‡K| †`‡ni wfZ‡i †MvjK…wg, wdZvK…wg I cvZvK…wg Øviv QvMj †ewk Avµvš— nq| Giv QvMj KZ…©K LvIqv cywóKi Lv‡`¨ fvM emvq| A‡bK K…wg QvM‡ji kixi †_‡K i³ Pz‡l †bq|

ZvQvov QvM‡ji cÖvqB i³ Avgvkq n‡Z †`Lv hvq| G †ivMwU †cÖv‡Uv‡Rvqv Øviv n‡q _v‡K| QvMj gvivZ¥K †iv‡M Avµvš— n‡j wbgœwjwLZ mvaviY j¶Ymg~n †`Lv hvq-

1| kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq| 2| Pvgovi †jvg Lvov †`Lvq| 3| Lv`¨ MÖnY I RveiKvUv eÜ n‡q hvq| 4| wSgv‡Z _v‡K I gvwU‡Z ï‡q c‡o| 5| †Pv‡Li cvwb I gyL w`‡q jvjv wbM©Z nq|

QvMj fvBivm †iv‡M Avµvš— n‡j G‡ì g„Zz n‡Z cv‡i| fvBivm †iv‡Mi Avµvš— cïi wPwKrmv K‡i mydj cvIqv hvq bv| e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv Avµvš— †iv‡MI QvM‡ji g„Zz¨ n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e G †¶‡Î wPwKrmv K‡i A‡bK †¶‡ÎB my¯’ K‡i †Zvjv hvq| QvM‡ji †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ QvMj Lvgv‡i wbgœwjwLZ c`‡¶cmg~n AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e- 1| QvM‡ji Ni I Gi Pvicvk cwi”Qbœ ivLv| 2| QvMj‡K mgqg‡Zv wUKv †`qvI K…wgbvkK Jla LvIqv‡bv| 3| QvMj‡K ZvRv Lv`¨ †L‡Z †`qv| 4| QvMj‡K mylg Lv`¨ I cvwb mieivn Kiv| 5| QvM‡ji N‡ii †g‡S ï®‹ ivLvi eë¯’v Kiv| 6| QvM‡ji weôv Lvgvi †_‡K ~‡i msi¶Y Kiv|

QvM‡ji Lvgv‡i †ivM †`Lv w`‡j cïwPwKrm‡Ki mv‡_ civgk© K‡i eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e-

1| Amy¯’ QvMj‡K Avjv`v K‡i ch©‡e¶Y Kiv I wPwKrmv †Ìqv| 2| cÖ‡qvR‡b QvM‡ji gjg~Î cix¶vi eë¯’v Kiv| 3| g„Z QvMj‡K gvwUi wb‡P Pvcv †Ìqv|

KvR : wk¶v_©xiv Pvi `‡j fvM n‡q QvM‡ji Kx Kx †ivM nq †m m¤ú‡K© wj‡L †kªwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

bZzb kã : K…wgbvkK, `k©Yv_©x|

wPÎ : GKwU Amy ’ QvMj

wPÎ : GKwU my ’ QvMj‡K wUKv †Ìqv n‡”Q

86

cvV-16 : K…wl wnmve i¶Y c×wZ (gyiwM cvjb)

cvwievwiKfv‡e gyiwM cvjb Ki‡j wb‡R‡ì Lvevi wWg I gvs‡mi Pvwn`v †g‡U| ZvQvov AwZwi³ wWg evRv‡i wewµ K‡i wKQz Avq KivI m¤¢e| wb‡P 100wU wWgcvov gyiwM cvj‡bi Avq-e¨q wnmve Kivi GKwU bgybv †Ìqv n‡jv|

gyiwM cvj‡bi e¨‡qi LvZ 2wU- K| ¯’vqx LiP L| Pjgvb LiP

¯’vqx LiP : gyiwMi Lvgvi Avi¤¢ Kivi Av‡M †h mg¯— LiP nq Zv‡K ¯’vqx LiP e‡j| ¯’vqx Li‡Pi g‡a¨ Rwg, gyiwMi Ni, eª“Wvi hš¿, Lv‡`ï cvÎ I cvwbi cvÎ, Wªvg I evjwZ, wWg cvovi ev· BZ¨vw` LvZmg~n D‡j−L‡hvM¨| wb‡P 100wU wWgcvov gyiwM cvj‡bi e¨q wnmve Kivi GKwU QK †Ìqv n‡jv|

Rwg gyiwMi Ni ˆZwi

eª“Wvi hš¿ Lv‡`ï I cvwbi cvÎ

Wªvg I evjwZ wWg cvovi ev· †gvU ¯’vqx LiP

wbR 15,000/- 2,000/- 2,000/- 1,000/- 2,000/- 22,000/-

Pjgvb LiP : Lvgv‡i ev”Pv µq †_‡K ïi“ K‡i ˆ`bw›`b †h me LiP nq Zv‡K Pjgvb LiP e‡j| ev”Pv cvjbKv‡j †kl ch©š— 100wUi g‡a¨ AvbygvwbK 12wUi g„Zy nq| ZvB †Kbvi mgq 112wU ev”Pv µq Ki‡Z nq| Pjgvb Li‡Pi g‡a¨ ev”Pvi `vg, Lv`¨ µq, we y r LiP, wUKv I Jla, wjUvi (gyiwMi weQvbv), kªwgK I cwienb LiP D‡j−L‡hvM¨| wWgcvov gyiwM †gvU 18 gvm Lvgv‡i _v‡K| wb‡P cvwievwiK Lvgv‡i 100wU wWgcvov gyiwM cvj‡bi Pjgvb LiP wnmve Kivi GKwU QK †`qv n‡jv|

ev”Pvi `vg (cÖwZwU 40/-)

Lv`¨ µq (cÖwZwU 50 †KwR, cÖwZ †KwR 35/-)

we y r LiP (gvwmK 300/-)

wUKv I Jla

wjUvi kªwgK

cwienb LiP

†gvU PjgvbLiP

4,480/- 1,75,000/-

5,400/- 2,000/- 1,000/- wbR 1,000/- 1,88,88/-

†gvU e¨q = (†gvU ¯’vqx LiP + †gvU Pjgvb LiP)=22,000/-+ 1,88,880/- =2,10,880/-

KvR : wk¶v_x©iv GKKfv‡e 10wU gyiwM cvj‡bi Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve wj‡L Rgv w`‡e|

wPÎ : GKPvjv gyiwMi Ni wPÎ : eª“Wvi

K…wlR Drcv`b

K…wlwk¶v

87

Avq : wWgcvov gyiwMi Lvgv‡i wWg, eq¯‹ gyiwM, wjUvi I Lv‡`ï e¯—v wewµ K‡i Avq Kiv hvq| wWg cvov †k‡l cÖwZwU eq¯‹ gyiwM evRv‡i wewµ Kiv hvq| ZvQvov wjUvi ˆRe mvi wn‡m‡e Rwg‡Z Ges gv‡Qi Lv`¨ ˆZwi‡Z cyKz‡i eënvi Kiv hvq| wb‡P cvwievwiK Lvgv‡i 100wU wWgcvov gyiwM †_‡K Avq wnmve Kivi GKwU QK †Ìqv n‡jv|

wWg wewµ (ˆ`wbK 80wU, 52

mßvn, 8/- cÖwZwU)

gyiwM wewµ ( cÖwZwU 200/-)

wjUvi wewµ

Lv‡`ï e¯—v wewµ (e¯—v 100wU, cÖwZwU

10/-)

†gvU Avq

2,32,960/- 20,000/- 500/- 1000/- 2,54,460/-

†gvU jvf = (†gvU Avq - †gvU e¨q)=2,54,460.00 - 2,10,880.00 =43,580/- UvKv

Dwj −wLZ wnmve Abymv‡i †`Lv hv‡”Q cÖ_g eQ‡iB ¯’vqx LiP ev` w`‡q †gvU 43,580/- UvKv jvf n‡q‡Q|

bZzb kã : ¯’vqx LiP, Pjgvb LiP, wjUvi |

Abykxjbx

k~b¨¯’vb c~iY 1. evsjv‡`‡k ................... Pvl evo‡Q|

2. †cqviv ................ Gi GKwU cÖavb Drm|

3. iRbxMÜvi Rwg‡Z memgq ch©vß ........... _vKv ìKvi|

4. ............ GKUz †ewk ivL‡j dzj †ewk mgq m‡ZR _v‡K|

wgj KiY :

evgcvk Wvbcvk

1. exR, mvi, KxUbvkK †cu‡ci RvZ

2. kÖwgK LiP, Pv‡li LiP †cqvivi RvZ

3. KvÂb bMi, ¯îƒcKvwV Ae¯‘MZ DcKiY e¨q

4. kvnx, iuvwP, cylv e¯‘MZ DcKiY

cï Lv`¨

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ : 1. fzÆvi D”P djbkxj RvZ †KvbwU?

K. gyKz›`cyix L. †gvni

M. cylv N. iuvwP

88

2. Jlwa ¸Y-m¤úbœ Dw™¢`- i. †cu‡c I Muv`v

ii. †cu‡c I †cqviv

iii. fzÆv I iRbxMÜv


K. i L. ii

M. i I ii N. i I iii

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 3 I 4 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

Kgj `Ë 2.5 †n±i Rwg‡Z evwi Rv‡Zi fzÆv Pvl K‡ib| wZwb †n±i cÖwZ 172 †KwR nv‡i BDwiqv Ges cwiwgZ gvÎvq Ab¨vb¨ mvi GK‡Î Rwg ˆZwii †kl ch©vq cÖ‡qvM K‡ib| mvwi †_‡K mvwii `~iZ¡ 75 †mwg wVK K‡i 25 †mwg ~i‡Z¡ wZwb exR ecb K‡ib| wKš—y wZwb Avkvbyi~c djb †c‡Z e¨_© nb|

3. Kgj `‡Ëi Rwgi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq BDwiqv mv‡ii cwigvY KZ?

K. 344 †KwR L. 430 †KwR

M. 312 †KwR N. 860 †KwR

4. Kgj `‡Ëi fv‡jv djb bv cvIqvi KviY Kx?

K. BDwiqv wKw¯Í‡Z cÖ‡qvM bv Kiv L. ecb ~iZ¡ mwVK bv nIqv

M. mwVK gvÎvq BDwiqv cÖ‡qvM

bv Kiv

N. mwVK RvZ wbe©vP‡b e¨_© nIqv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :

1. `wi ª K…lK cwiev‡ii †g‡q Avwe`v hye cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª †_‡K cÖwk¶Y wb‡q gyiwM cvj‡bi wm×všÍ †bq| G j‡¶¨ †m 10wU †`wk wWgcvov gyiwM wK‡b Av‡b Ges evwoi gy³ cwi‡e‡k cvjb ïi“ K‡i| wKQz w`‡bi g‡a¨B gyiwM¸‡jv wWg w`‡Z ïi“ K‡i Ges Avwe`vi cwiev‡i m”QjZv Av‡m| Avwe`vi cÖwZ‡ekx wkDwjI Zvi †`Lv‡`wL gyiwM cvj‡b DØy× n‡q 20wU dvDwg Rv‡Zi gyiwM µq K‡i Ges Avwe`vi g‡Zv K‡i gyiwM cvjb ïi“ K‡i| wKš—y wKQzw`b †h‡ZB wkDwji 3wU gyiwM‡K g„Z Ges †ek K‡qKwU gyiwM‡K wSgy‡Z †`Lv hvq|

K. †ivM ej‡Z Kx eyS? L. gyiwM‡K wUKv †Ìqv nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. gyiwM cvj‡b Avwe`vi mdjZvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| N. wkDwji e¨_©Zvi KviY we‡k−lYc~e©K †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI|

K…wlR Drcv`b

K…wlwk¶v

89

2. gwgb wgqv Zvi evwoi `w¶Y cv‡ki DuPz I c~e© cv‡ki wbPz `yB wfbœ êwkó¨ m¤úbœ gvwU‡Z †cu‡c Pv‡li wm×vš— †bb| G j‡¶¨ ˆR¨ô gv‡mi gvSvgvwS mg‡q Rwg ˆZwi, mvi cÖ‡qvM, Pviv †ivcYmn Ab¨vb¨ cwiPh©v h_vh_fv‡e m¤úbœ K‡ib| wKš—y wKQzw`b ci wZwb j¶ K‡ib †h, `w¶Y cv‡ki †cu‡c MvQ¸‡jvi ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’v _vK‡jI c~e© cv‡ki †¶‡Zi wKQz wKQz Pviv X‡j c‡o‡Q I cvZv nj‡` fve n‡q‡Q|

K. e¯‘MZ DcKiY e¨q ej‡Z Kx eyS? L. AwZ e„wó iRbxMÜv Pv‡l SzuwK evovq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. gwgb wgqvi evwoi `w¶Y cv‡ki †cu‡c MvQ¸‡jv ¯^vfvweK nIqvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| N. evwoi c~e© cv‡ki MvQ¸‡jvi D™¢zZ mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Dcvq we‡k−lY Ki|

5| msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ :

K. Dcwi e¨q Kx? L. fyÆvi eënvi D‡j−L Ki| M. fzÆv dm‡j †ivM `g‡bi Rb¨ Kx Kx eë¯’v wb‡Z n‡e? N. iRbxMÜv dzj Kxfv‡e gvV †_‡K msMÖn K‡i evRv‡i cvVv‡bv nq?

6| iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :

K. fzÆvi wewfbœ †ivM I Gi eë¯’vcbv eY©bv Ki|

L. ˆK gvQ Pv‡li †¶‡Î cyKzi cÖ¯‘wZ, iv¶z‡m gvQ AcmviY, Pzb cÖ‡qvM I mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ eY©bv Ki|

M. gyiwMi Lvgv‡i †ivM cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’v M‡o †Zvjvi Rb Kx Kx c`‡¶c AbymiY Kiv DwPZ|

N. QvM‡ji †iv‡Mi KviYmg~n D‡j−L Ki Ges †ivMvµvš— QvM‡ji j¶Ymg~n eY©bv Ki|

O. 100wU wWgcvov gyiwM cvj‡bi Avq-e¨q wnmve Kivi msw¶ß bgybv eY©bv Ki|

90

lô Aa¨vq

ebvqb ebvqb n‡jv ebf‚wg‡Z êÁvwbK Dcv‡q MvQ jvMv‡bv, cwiPh©v I msi¶Y Kiv| mwVKfv‡e ebvqb Kiv m¤¢e n‡j, me©vwaK ebR ªe¨ Drcvw`Z nq| Gme ebR`ªe¨ n‡jv KvV, R¡vjvwb, e‡bŠlwa, dj, gay, †gvg cÖf…wZ| ebvq‡bi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì wewfbœ cÖKvi ebR e„¶, djR e„¶, wbg©vY mvgMÖx I Jlwa Dw™¢` m¤ú‡K© fv‡jvfv‡e Rvbv ìKvi| G Aa¨v‡q Avgiv Gme Dw™¢‡ì cwiwPwZ, Pvl c×wZ I ¸i“Z¡ m¤ú‡K© Ávb, `¶Zv I `„wófw½ AR©b Kie| K…wlR wbg©vY mvgMÖx KvV I euv‡ki ¸i“Z¡ ej‡Z cvie| KvÊ †_‡K bZzb Pviv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b Jlwa Dw™¢‡ì eënvi ej‡Z cvie| G m¤ú‡K© mvgvwRK m‡PZbZv m„wó‡Z AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cvie|

G Aa¨vq cvV †k‡l Avgiv - • wewfbœ cÖKvi e„‡¶i êwkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie| • wewfbœ cÖKvi e„‡¶i A_©‰bwZK ¸i“Z¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie|

• djR, ebR, wbg©vY mvgMÖx I Jlwa e„‡¶i Pvl c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

• KvÊ †_‡K bZzb Pviv ˆZwi c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

• wbg©vY mvgMÖx wn‡m‡e ebR ª‡eï eënvi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

wPÎ : mvgvwRK eb

K…wlwk¶v

91

cvV-1 : ebR e„¶ †gnMwb Ges djR e„¶ KuvVvj cwiwPwZ ebR e„¶ : †gnMwb

†gnMwbi Avw` wbevm RvgvBKv I ga¨ Av‡gwiKv| †gnMwb Mv‡Qi cÖRvwZ wn‡m‡e 2wU bvg cvIqv hvq| Gi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡k Swetenia macrophylla cÖRvwZ cÖavb| h‡kvi, Lyjbv, PÆMÖvg I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg †Rjvmg~‡n †gnMwb MvQ †ewk cvIqv hvq| eZ©gv‡b miKvwi I †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡M ebvqb m„wó‡Z cÖvq mviv †`‡k e¨vcK nv‡i G MvQ jvMv‡bv n‡”Q| moK, euva, emZevwo, cÖvwZôvwbK cÖv½Y, mvgvwRK eb I e¨w³MZ eb evMv‡b G Mv‡Qi Pvlvev` evo‡Q|

GwU GKwU wØexRcÎx Kvôj Dw™¢ | G Dw™¢‡ì KvÊ j¤^v, k³ I ev`vwg i‡Oi| cvZv †hŠwMK| dzj meyRvf-mv`v| dj ev`vwg i‡Oi, wW¤^vK…wZ Ges AvKv‡i †ek eo| kxZKv‡j G e„‡¶i me cvZv S‡i hvq| G Rb¨ G‡K cÎSiv Dw™¢ e‡j| †gnMwb Mv‡Qi Rb¨ cÖavbZ exR †_‡K Drcvw`Z Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z nq| gvP©-GwcÖj gv‡m exR msMÖn K‡i bvm©vwii exRZjvq eyb‡Z nq| Ryb †_‡K ïi“ K‡i AvM÷ gvm ch©š— †gnMwb Pviv †ivcY Kiv nq| DuPz I gvSvwi DuPz Rwg‡Z †gnMwb MvQ fv‡jv R‡b¥| †gnMwb DbœZgv‡bi KvV Drcv`bKvix Dw™¢` wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| evmM„‡ni ìRv Rvbvjv, AvmevecÎ ˆZwi‡Z †gnMwb Kv‡Vi Lye Kì i‡q‡Q| †gnMwb Kv‡Vi Auvk Lye wgwn Ges Kvj‡P L‡qwi i‡Oi| G KvV Lye fv‡jv cwjk †bq|

KvR-1 : †gnMwb Pviv, cvZvmn Wvj, dj I exR ch©‡e¶Y Ki| `jMZ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY Ki Ges †kÖwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki|

ch©‡e¶‡Yi welq †gnMwb Mv‡Qi êwkó¨ 1. wK ai‡bi Dw™¢ 2. KvÊ 3. exR 4. dzj 5. †Kv_vq †Kv_vq Pvl nq 6. †Kgb gvwU‡Z Pvl nq 7. cÖavb cÖavb ¸i“Z¡

djR e„¶ : KuvVvj

KuvVvj Avgv‡ì RvZxq dj| GwU LyeB my¯^v`y I cywóKi dj| Ab¨ me d‡ji †P‡q KuvVvj AvKv‡i eo|

Artocarpus heterophyllus KuvVvj Mv‡Qi êÁvwbK bvg

wPÎ : †gnMwb MvQ

92

KuvVvj GKwU wØ-exRcÎx, Kvôj I wPinwir e„¶| KuvVvj Mv‡Qi D”PZv 21 wgUvi ch©š— nq| KvV k³ I nj‡` i‡Oi nq| exR mv`v I dzj meyR i‡Oi nq| cvZv mij, wW¤^vK…wZ Ges meyR| exR †_‡K Pviv Drcv`b K‡i ev Kjg c×wZ‡Z Pviv K‡i †ivcY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| kÖveY-fv`ª gvm KuvVv‡ji Pviv †ivc‡Yi Dchy³ mgq|

evsjv‡`‡ki me †Rjv‡ZB KuvVv‡ji Pvl nq| MvRxcyi, Uv½vBj I gqgbwms‡ni fvIqvj GjvKvq KuvVv‡ji evMvb Kiv nq| wm‡jU, PÆMÖvg I iscyi GjvKvq KuvVvj Pvl Kiv nq| KuvVvj jvj gvwUi DuPz Rwg‡Z fv‡jv R‡b¥| G Dw™¢‡ì KvV I d‡ji cÖPzi A_©‰bwZK ¸i“Z¡ i‡q‡Q|

RvZ

evsjv‡`‡k KuvVv‡ji Aby‡gvw`Z RvZ Kg| †Kej evwi D™¢vweZ K‡qKwU RvZ I jvBb i‡q‡Q| KuvVvj mvaviYZ

eQ‡i GKevi dj †`q| †Kvqvi ¸‡Yi wfwË‡Z KuvVvj‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_v-

1| LvRv KuvVvj - Gme KvVv‡ji †Kvqv k³|

2| Avaimv KuvVvj - G me KuvVv‡ji †Kvqv gy‡Li w`‡K k³ wKš—y wcQ‡bi w`‡K big|

3| Mjv KuvVvj - G me KuvVv‡ji †Kvqv big| gy‡L w`‡jB M‡j hvq|

bZzb kã : †gnMwb I KuvVvj Mv‡Qi êÁvwbK bvg, cÎSiv Dw™¢`, wPinwir e„¶, mij cvZv, †hŠwMK cvZv|

cvV-2 : wbg©vY mvgMÖx I Jlwa e„‡¶i cwiwPwZ

wbg©vY mvgMÖx : euv‡ki cwiwPwZ

M„n wbg©vY mvgMÖx wn‡m‡e euvk cwiwPZ| Mwi‡ei KzUxi n‡Z eo eo AÆvwjKv ˆZwi‡ZI euv‡ki eënvi Acwinvh©| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki me©ÎB euvk Pvl nq| euvk mvaviYZ †gv_v ev ivB‡Rvg n‡Z Pvl Kiv nq| exR n‡ZI euv‡ki Pvl n‡q _v‡K| euvk mvaviYZ 5 †_‡K 7 wgUvi j¤^v nq| euvk LyeB k³| KuvPv euvk meyR nq| cwicK¡ euvk nvjKv wN‡q i‡Oi nq| euv‡ki wPKb wPKb Wvj‡K KwÂ ejv nq| euv‡ki cvZv wPKb I j¤^v‡U AvK…wZi| euvk Mv‡Q GKkZ eQ‡i GKevi dzj I exR nq| cÖvK…wZKfv‡eI euvk evMvb ˆZwi nq| euvk Svo msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ euvk evMv‡b Mi“, QvMj ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cï Pi‡Z †Ìqv nq bv| euvk cwicK¡ n‡j hZœ mnKv‡i †K‡U miv‡Z nq| wZb eQi ci ci euvk Sv‡oi cwicK¡ euvk KvUv †h‡Z cv‡i|

wPÎ : euvk Svo

wPÎ : KuvVvj MvQ

KvR : KuvVvj MvQ ch©‡e¶Y (`jMZ KvR) KuvVvj Pviv, cvZvmn bgybv Wvj, dj, dzj I exR ch©‡e¶Y Ki| `jxq Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g êwkó¨ †cv÷vi KvM‡R wjL| Gevi `jMZ Dc¯’vcb Ki|

ebvqb

K…wlwk¶v

93

†kÖwY‡Z cÖ wk©Z euvk Sv‡oi wPÎ ch©‡e¶Y Ki| wk¶K KZ…©K cÖ`wk©Z euvk Sv‡oi wfwWI ev mieivnK…Z bgybv euvk ch©‡e¶Y Ki| Gevi †Zvgiv †eÂwfwËK `‡j wef³ n‡q wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi ˆZwi Ki|

KvR : euv‡ki cwiwPwZ 1. †Zvgiv KLbI euvk †`‡LQ ? euvk Kx ? 2. euvk‡K wbg©vY mvgMÖx ejv nq †Kb ? 3. euv‡ki êwkó¨ Kx Kx ?

evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 23 iK‡gi euvk †`Lv hvq| GjvKvwfwËK euvk cÖavbZ yB cÖKvi|

1. eb R½‡ji euvk : †hgb- g~wj, wgwZ½v, Wjy I bwj Zj −v, †eZzqv gvKjv, Gme euv‡ki †`qvj cvZjv|

2. MÖvgxY euvk : †hgb- Div, eivK eo–qv, givj Gme euv‡ki †`qvj cyi“|

Jlwa Dw™¢` : wbg Mv‡Qi cwiwPwZ

gvbyl †ivM wbivg‡qi Rb¨ A‡bK mgq Dw™¢‡ì Dci wbf©i K‡i| Gme Dw™¢`‡K Kx ejv nq ? †Zvgvi †Pbv

K‡qKwU Jlwa Dw™¢‡ì bvg ej| AR©yb, nwiZKx, AvgjKx, cÖf…wZ Jlwa e„‡¶i bgybv ev wPÎ ch©‡e¶Y Ki|

Gevi Zzjmx, _vbKzwb, evmK, Muv`v cÖf…wZ Jlwa jZv¸‡j¥i bgybv ev Pv‡U©i wPÎ ev wfwWI wPÎ ch©‡e¶Y Ki|

†Zvgv‡ì evwo‡Z ev we`¨vj‡q Gme Jlwa e„¶ I jZv¸j¥ i‡q‡Q wKbv †m m¤ú‡K© `‡j Avjvc Ki|

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq me AÂ‡jB wbg MvQ †`Lv hvq| wb‡gi Kgc‡¶ 2wU cÖRvwZ i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡jv Melia azedarach (†Nvov wbg) Ges Azadirachta indica. wbg gvSvwi †_‡K eo AvKv‡ii cÎSiv e„¶| cÖvq 20 wgUvi ch©šÍ j¤^v nq| †deª“qvwi-gvP© gv‡m bZzb cvZv MRvq| cÎ †hŠwMK, 9-15wU cÎ djK _v‡K| cÎdjK¸‡jv j¤^v‡U, wZh©K I ek©vK…wZi nq| cÎ dj‡Ki wKbviv LuvRKvUv| dzj mv`v myMwÜhy³| dj wW¤^vK…wZi| dj cvK‡j c‡i nj‡` nq|

eskwe¯Ívi : exR Øviv eskwe¯Ívi Kiv nq| g~j I Kv‡Êi KvwUs‡qi gva¨‡gI eskwe¯Ívi Kiv hvq|

exR msMÖ‡ni mgq : Ryb-RyjvB gv‡m exR msMÖn Kiv nq|

cÎ djK

wPÎ : cvnvwo wbg cvZv

94

KvR : wb‡gi Pviv, cvZvmn Wvj, dj I exR ch©‡e¶Y Ki (`jMZ KvR)

µwgK bs ch©‡e¶‡Yi welq êwkó¨ 1 KvÊ 2 cvZv 3 dzj 4 dj 5 KvV

bZzb kã : AdmyU, cÎdjK, wZh©K I ek©vK…wZ, wbgMv‡Qi êÁvwbK bvg|

cvV-3 : djR, ebR, wbg©vY mvgMÖx I Jlwa e„‡¶i ¸i“Z¡ djR e„¶ : KuvVv‡jvi ¸i“Z¡ KuvVvj GKwU eûwea eënvi Dc‡hvMx Dw™¢ | cuvKv KuvVv‡ji imvj †Kvqv LyeB

wgwó| kK©iv I wfUvwg‡bi Afve †gUv‡Z cvKv KuvVv‡ji Rywo †gjv fvi| KuvPv

KuvVvj Ges KuvVvj exR mewR wn‡m‡e eënvi nq| KuvVvj KvV LyeB DbœZ

gv‡bi| Gi is Mvp njy | G KvV LyeB †UKmB Ges fv‡jv cwjk †bq|

euvkM„‡ni Rvbvjv I ìRv ˆZwi‡Z G KvV eëüZ nq| N‡ii me iKg

AvmevecÎ ˆZwi‡Z KuvVvj KvV eënvi Kiv hvq| A_©‰bwZK w`K w`‡q KuvVvj

KvV Ges cywói Rb¨ Gi dj LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| KuvVvj cvZv y‡h©vMKvjxb mg‡q

Mi“-QvM‡ji Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e eënvi nq|

ebR e„¶ : †gnMwbi ¸i“Z¡

†gnMwb KvV LyeB k³ I †UKmB| G Kv‡Vi is jvj‡P L‡qwi| Z‡e MvQ †ewk

cwicK¡ n‡j, Kv‡Vi is A‡bK mgq Mvo Kvj‡P i‡Oi †`Lvq| G Kv‡Vi Auvk

LyeB wgwn| G KvV Lye my›ì cwjk †bq| evmM„‡ni me iKg AvmevecÎ

ˆZwi‡Z G Kv‡Vi eûj eënvi i‡q‡Q| ZvQvov N‡ii ìRv, Rvbvjvi †d«g

ˆZwi‡ZI †gnMwb KvV DËg| †gnMwb KvV w`‡q n‡iK iK‡gi †mŠwLb wkí

mvgMÖxI ˆZwi nq|

KvR : KuvVvj KvV I †gnMwb KvV ch©‡e¶Y Ki| G‡ì êwkó¨ I ¸i“Z¡ wjL|

wPÎ : KuvVvj

wPÎ : †gnMwbi cvZv, dzj I dj

ebvqb

K…wlwk¶v

95

ch©‡e¶‡Yi welq KuvVvj KvV/†gnMwb KvV êwkó¨ I ¸i“Z¡

1| Kv‡Vi is

2| Kv‡Vi aib

3| Kv‡Vi eybU

4| Kv‡Vi eënvi

wbg©vY mvgMÖx : euv‡ki ¸i“Z¡

euvk‡K Mwi‡ei KvV ejv nq| MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ‡Z euvk weivU f‚wgKv iv‡L| M„n wbg©vY †_‡K ïi“ K‡i MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi cÖvZ¨wnK eënvh© cÖvq mKj †¶‡Î euv‡ki eënvi i‡q‡Q| euvk MÖvgxY KzwUi wk‡íi cÖavb KuvPvgvj| euvk w`‡q Szwo, Kzjv, Suvwc, gv_vj cÖf…wZ ˆZwi nq| Lvj cvivcv‡i euv‡ki muv‡Kv eënvi Kiv nq| euv‡ki euvwk MÖv‡gi wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì ev`¨hš¿| K…wl DcKiY †hgb jv½j, †Rvqvj, AuvPov I †Kv`vj ˆZwi‡Z euv‡ki eënvi nq| km¨ I Dw™¢` msi¶‡Y euv‡ki †eov †Ìqv nq| KvMR I †iqb ˆZwii KuvPvgvj wn‡m‡e wkí KviLvbvq euvk eëüZ nq|

Jlwa e„¶ : wbg Gi ¸i“Z¡ wbg Mv‡Qi eënvi A‡bKfv‡e n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e Gi Jlwa¸Y gvby‡li h‡_ó DcKvi K‡i _v‡K| wbgcvZvi wbh©vk k‡mï KxUbvkK wn‡m‡e fv‡jv KvR K‡i| Pg© †iv‡M wbg cvZvi im I wb‡gi ˆZj eënv‡i DcKvi nq| wbg cvZvi im K…wgi Dc ªe Kgvq| wb‡gi ïKbv cvZv Kvc‡oi I Pv‡ji †cvKv `g‡b eënvi nq| wb‡gi Wvj fv‡jv ùv‡Zi gvRb wn‡m‡e eënvi nq| wb‡gi ˆLj RxevYybvkK wn‡m‡e eënvi n‡q _v‡K| wbg Mv‡Qi Qvj evZR¡i, `v`, weLvDR, GKwRgv, uv‡Z i³ I c~uR cov, cvqwiqv, RwÛm †ivM wbivg‡q eëüZ nq| Qv‡ji im ùv‡Zi gvwo k³ K‡i| wbg Wvj w`‡q wbqwgZ ùvZ gvRv fv‡jv|

KvR 2 : euvk I wbg Gi ¸i“Z¡ [`jxq KvR]

euv‡ki ¸i“Z¡ wbg Gi ¸i“Z¡

1| 2| 3| 4|

1| 2| 3| 4|

bZzb kã : cvZvi wbh©vm, RxevYybvkK|

wPÎ : eivK euvk

96

cvV-4 : djR e„¶ I ebR e„‡¶i Pvl c×wZ djR e„¶ : KuvVvj Mv‡Qi Pvl c×wZ

Rwg wbe©vPb I Rwg ˆZwi eb vgy³ me ai‡bi gvwU‡Z KuvVv‡ji Pvl nq| Z‡e cwj-† uvAvk ev Aí jvjgvwUi DuPz Rwg‡Z KuvVv‡ji Pvl Lye fv‡jv nq| KuvVv‡ji Rwg K‡qKevi jv½j I gB w ‡q fv‡jvfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| Pviv †ivc‡Yi GKgvm Av‡M 10 wgUvi `~‡i `~‡i (1×1×1) Nb wgUvi AvKv‡i MZ© ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| MZ© ˆZwii mgq Dc‡ii I wb‡Pi gvwU Avjv`v ivL‡Z n‡e| 15 w`b MZ© I M‡Z©i gvwU †iv‡` ïKv‡Z n‡e| M‡Z©i Dc‡ii gvwUi mv‡_ mvi wgwk‡q MZ© fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| c‡i wb‡Pi gvwU M‡Z© ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| mv‡ii cwigvY n‡e - cPv †Mvei 20 †KwR, nv‡oi uov 400 MÖvg A_ev wUGmwc 150 MÖvg, QvB 2 †KwR A_ev Ggwc 150 MÖvg|

Pviv †ivcY I †ivcY cieZx© cwiPh©v

exR †_‡K Pviv Drcv`b K‡i ev Kjg c×wZ‡Z Pviv K‡i †ivcY Kiv nq| Pviv †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ kÖveY-fv ª gvm

Dchy³ mgq| Pviv †ivc‡Yi ci †Mvovi gvwU wKQzUv DuPz K‡i w`‡Z nq| Liv †gŠmy‡g cÖ‡qvR‡b cvwb †mP w`‡Z

n‡e| gv‡S gv‡S †Mvovi gvwU LuywP‡q AvjMv K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|

mvi cÖ‡qvM

KuvVvj Mv‡Q cÖwZ eQi mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| 2-5 eQi eq‡mi Mv‡Q †Mvei mvi 30 †KwR, BDwiqv 200 MÖvg,

wUGmwc 150 MÖvg Ges Ggwc 100 MÖvg cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| djeZx Mv‡Q cPv †Mvei 50 †KwR, BDwiqv 800 MÖvg,

wUGmwc 500 MÖvg Ges Ggwc 800 MÖvg nv‡i cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

dj msMÖn dj aivi wZb gv‡mi g‡a¨ KuvVvj cyó nq| nvZ ev j¤^v jvwV w`‡q †UvKv w`‡q kã ï‡b hw` †evSv hvq KuvVvj cyó n‡q‡Q, Z‡e mv‡_ mv‡_ †c‡o †dj‡Z n‡e|

wPÎ : Pviv emv‡bv n‡”Q wPÎ : Pvivi Pvicv‡k gvwU †P‡c †Ìqv n‡”Q

ebvqb

K…wlwk¶v

97

KvR-1 : `jxqfv‡e KuvVvj Pvl c×wZ Dc¯’vcb Ki| mgq : 10 wgwbU

ebR e„¶ : †gnMwbi Pvl c×wZ

cÖRvwZ wbe©vPb :

Switenia microphylla bvgK cÖRvwZ Avgv‡ì †`‡ki Rb¨ fv‡jv| KviY Avgv‡ì AvenvIqv I cwi‡ek G

MvQ Rb¥v‡bvi Dc‡hvMx|

exR msMÖn I †ivcY

†gnMwb Mv‡Qi Rb¨ cÖavbZ exR †_‡K Drcvw`Z Pviv †ivcY Kiv nq| Z‡e ÷v¤úI †ivcY Kiv hvq| †deª“qvwi †_‡K GwcÖj gvm ch©šÍ exR msMÖn K‡i bvm©vwii exRZjvq ev cwje¨v‡M eyb‡Z nq| `yB fvM †`vAuvk gvwU I GKfvM ˆRe mvi wgwkÖZ gvwU w`‡q cwj e¨v‡M exR ecb Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ cwje¨v‡M ywU exR ecb Ki‡Z nq| †e‡Wi mvwi‡Z 8-10 †mwg ~‡i ~‡i exR ecb Ki‡Z nq| gvwUi 3-4 †mwg Mfx‡i exR XzwK‡q w`‡Z nq| exR GKUz KvZ K‡i jvMv‡Z n‡e †hb ex‡Ri cvLv Dc‡ii w`‡K _v‡K| exR ec‡bi ci nvjKv †mP w`‡Z n‡e| †QvU Ae¯’vq Pvivq `ycyi †iv‡ì mgq Qvqv XvKbv w`‡Z n‡e| GB Pviv kÖveY-fv ª gv‡m ev c‡ii eQi †ivcY Kiv nq| ex‡Ri A¼z‡iv`M‡g 20-30 w`b jv‡M| Pvivi †ivcY `~iZ¡ 9-10 wgUvi n‡j fv‡jv nq|

gvwU ˆZwi †gnMwb Rjve×Zv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| DuPz I gvSvwi DuPz Rwg‡Z †gnMwb MvQ fv‡jv R‡b¥| †`vAuvk I cwj- ˆ`vAuvk gvwU †gnMwb Mv‡Qi Rb¨ DËg| Pviv †ivc‡Yi c~‡e© wbe©vwPZ RvqMv AveR©bvgy³ I mgvb K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Pvivi AvKvi Abymv‡i M‡Z©i ˆ`N© , cÖ¯’ I MfxiZv 60-80 †mwg nIqv ìKvi| MZ© Kivi ci M‡Z©i gvwU‡Z mvi wgkv‡Z n‡e| mvi wgkv‡bv gvwU I MZ© 15 w`b †iv‡` ïKv‡Z n‡e| gvwU cybivq Kzwc‡q SziSz‡i K‡i Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| me Dw™¢‡ì Pviv †ivcY c×wZ GKB iKg|

mvi cÖ‡qvM I Ab¨vb¨ cwiPh©v :

gvwU ˆZwii mgq mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi wbqgvejx :gvwU ˆZwii mgq ˆRe mvi 10-15 †KwR, QvB 1-2 †KwR, BDwiqv 200-300 MÖvg, wUGmwc 100-500 MÖvg I Ggwc 50-100 MÖvg w`‡Z nq| Livi mgq cvwb †mP w`‡Z n‡e| cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| wbqwgZ AvMvQv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| Pviv Ae¯’vq g~j Mv‡Qi cvk¦©Kzuwo AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e| Pvivq LuywU I †eov w`‡Z n‡e| †m‡Pi ci Mv‡Qi †Mvovq gvjwPs ev Rveov w`‡Z n‡e| MvQ eo nIqvi ci Wvj QuvUvB K‡i KvVv‡gv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|

KvR : †gnMwb Pvl (`jxq KvR) 1| †gnMwb Pviv †ivc‡Yi Rb¨ eëüZ wewfbœ cÖKvi mv‡ii bgybv ch©‡e¶Y K‡i kbv³ Ki| 2| gvwU ˆZwi I Pviv †ivc‡Yi Dcvq Dc¯’vcb Ki|

98

cvV-5 : wbg©vY mvgMÖx I Jlwa e„‡¶i Pvl c×wZ

wbg©vY mvgMÖx : euv‡ki Pvl c×wZ

euvk Avgv‡ì †`‡ki AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq wbg©vY mvgMÖx| evsjv‡`‡ki me©ÎB euv‡ki Pvl nq| euvk 3wU Dcv‡q Pvl Kiv nq| h_v-†gv_v I AdmyU c×wZ, cÖvKKwÂ Kjg c×wZ, wMU Kjg c×wZ|

1. †gv_v ev Ad‡mU c×wZ‡Z euvk Pvl

euvk Pv‡li Rb¨ 1-3 eQi eqmx †gv_v ev Ad‡mU msMÖn Ki‡Z nq| euv‡ki †Mvovi w`‡K 3-4wU wMUmn gvwUi wb‡Pi †gv_v‡K Ad‡mU e‡j| Ad‡m‡Ui Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ euvk Aek¨B m‡ZR n‡Z n‡e| ˆPÎ gvm Ad‡mU msMÖ‡ni Dchy³ mgq| el©v ïi“ nIqvi c~e© ch©šÍ msM„nxZ Ad‡mU A¯’vqx bvm©vwi‡Z evwji †e‡W jvMv‡bv Avek¨K| 15-25 w`‡bi g‡a¨ AwaKvsk Ad‡mU †_‡K bZzb cvZv I Kuywo MRvq| G Ad‡mU Avlvp gv‡m wZbfvM gvwU I GKfvM †Mvei w`‡q ˆZwi M‡Z© jvMv‡Z nq| 2. cÖvKg~j KwÂ Kjg c×wZ êkvL-ˆR¨ô gv‡m euv‡ki A‡bK KwÂi †Mvovq cÖvK…wZKfv‡eB wkKo MRvq| G ai‡bi wkKo I †gv_vmn KwÂ‡K cÖvKg~j KwÂ e‡j| KwÂ Kjg msMÖ‡ni GK eQi Av‡M 1-3 eQi eq¯‹ euv‡ki †gv_v †f‡O w`‡Z nq| êkvL-ˆR¨ô gv‡m G ai‡bi euvk †_‡K KivZ w`‡q mveav‡b wkKo I †gv_vmn KwÂ Kjg †K‡U wb‡Z n‡e| msM„nxZ Kjg evwj w`‡q cÖ ‘Z A¯’vqx †e‡W 7-10 †mwg Mfx‡i KwP wkKo I †gv_vmn m¤ú~Y©i~‡c evwji g‡a¨ `vwe‡q jvMv‡Z n‡e| wbqwgZ hZœ wb‡j GK gvm c‡i m‡ZR Pviv ˆZwi n‡e| cwje¨v‡M 2:1 Abycv‡Z gvwU I †Mvei wgkÖ‡Y Pviv¸‡jv †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e GK eQi ivLvi ci KwÂ Kjg gv‡V jvMv‡Z n‡e|

3. wMuU Kjg c×wZ euv‡ki KvÊ‡K UzK‡iv UzK‡iv K‡i Pviv ˆZwii c×wZ‡K wMU Kjg c×wZ e‡j| 1-3 eQ‡ii mej euvk wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| m`¨ KvUv euvk‡K 1, 2, 3 wMU j¤^v L‡Ê fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| ˆPÎ-êkvL gv‡m wef³ LÊ¸‡jv mv‡_ mv‡_ A¯’vqx †e‡W jvMv‡Z n‡e| euv‡ki UzK‡ivi wM‡Ui Kzuwo m‡ZR I A¶Z Av‡Q wKbv Zv j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e| Avlvp-kÖveY gv‡mi w`‡K AwaKvsk wMU Kj‡g wkKo MRv‡e| el©v †kl nIqvi Av‡MB wkKomn wMU Kjg †eW †_‡K DwV‡q wb‡q gv‡V jvMv‡Z n‡e|

wPÎ : euv‡ki †gv_v

wPÎ : A¯’vqx †e‡W wMU Kjg

wPÎ : euv‡ki KvÊ¯’ cÖvKg~j KwÂ

ebvqb

K…wlwk¶v

99

euv‡ki cwiPh©v †ewk †iv` n‡j euv‡k cvwb †mP w`‡Z n‡e| †gv_vi †Mvovi gvwU Kzwc‡q AvjMv Ki‡Z n‡e| AvMvQv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| †ivMvµvšÍ MvQ †gv_vmn Zz‡j cywo‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|

euvk msMÖn wZb eQi ci wbw ©ó c×wZ‡Z euvk KvU‡Z nq|

KvR : wZbwU `‡j wef³ n‡q †gv_v c×wZ, cÖvKg~jKwÂ Kjg c×wZ I wMU Kjg c×wZ‡Z euvk Pvl wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki I Zv †kÖwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki| (mgq 15 wgwbU)

Jlwa e„¶ : wbg Pvl c×wZ

†Zvgv‡ì Kvi Kvi evwo‡Z wbg MvQ Av‡Q ? cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki evwo‡Z wbg MvQ jvMv‡bv DwPZ †Kb ? Avi Kx Kx Jlwa Dw™¢` evwo ev we`¨vj‡q Pvl Kiv hvq ? wewfbœ iKg Jlwa Dw™¢ Pv‡l Avgv‡ì hZœevb nIqv cÖ‡qvRb †Kb ? bgybv/Pv‡U©/wfwWI wPÎ †`‡L wewfbœ Jlwa Dw™¢` kbv³ Ki|

Ryb-RyjvB gvm wbg exR msMÖ‡ni Dchy³ mgq| exR msMÖ‡ni GK mßv‡ni g‡a¨B cwje¨v‡M Pviv Drcv`b Ki‡Z nq| Drcvw`Z Pviv GK eQi ci jvMv‡Z nq| †g-Ryb gv‡m wbg Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z nq|

KvR : wbg Pviv †ivcY Kiv [`jxq KvR] DcKiY : Ue, wbgPviv, gvwU, cPv †Mvei mvi I cvwb| Kvh© c×wZ :

1. cÖ‡qvRbxq †`vAuvk gvwUi mv‡_ cPv †Mvei mvi fv‡jv K‡i wgkvI| 2. ‡Mvei mvi gvwUi wZbfv‡Mi GKfvM n‡Z n‡e| 3. U‡ei wb‡Pi wQ‡`ªi Dci k³ †Kv‡bv B‡Ui UzKiv ev Pvov `vI| 4. U‡ei wZbfv‡Mi GKfvM mvi wgkv‡bv gvwU ¯’vcb Ki| Gevi Pvivi cwjw_b mveav‡b AcmviY K‡i

U‡ei gvSLv‡b PvivwU ewm‡q `vI| Pvivi Pviw`K w`‡q AwZwi³ gvwU †P‡c ewm‡q `vI| 5. Gevi cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv cvwb w`‡q 2-3 w`b PvivwU Qvqvq †i‡L `vI| 6. my‡hvM _vK‡j gvwU‡Z wbg Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z cvi|

bZzb kã : Ad‡mU c×wZ, cÖvKg~jKwÂ c×wZ, wMU Kjg c×wZ|

cvV-6 : e„¶ I eb msi¶Y

wewfbœ cÖKvi e„¶ I eb msi¶Y

Avgv‡ì ebR m¤ú‡ì cwigvY kZKiv 17 fvM| Avevi bvbv Kvi‡Y weivRgvb ebR m¤úÌ aŸs‡mi gy‡LvgywL| GB ebR m¤ú` i¶v I e„w× Ki‡Z n‡j ebvqb ìKvi| Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡ki bZzb †ivcY Kiv Pviv I eb msi¶Y Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

100

e„‡¶i Pviv I e„¶ msi¶Y

KvR : †ivcY Kiv Pviv I e„¶ msi¶Y

1. Dc‡ii wPÎ ch©‡e¶Y Ki| †ivcY Kiv Pviv

msi¶‡Yi Dcvq ej|

1. cÖ“wbs Gi gva¨‡g Kvôj e„¶ msi¶‡Yi Dcvq Kx ? Kvôj e„¶‡K g~jëvb K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ AcÖ‡qvRbxq Wvjcvjv KZ©b Kiv‡K cÖywbs ejv nq| MvQ‡K wbw`ó mg‡qi eëav‡b cÖywbs Kiv n‡j Kv‡Vi cwigvY I gvb DbœZ nq| moK euva, emZwfUv me‡¶‡ÎB Dchy³ cwiPh©v bv Ki‡j Mv‡Qi e„w× fv‡jv nq bv| Pviv QÎvK- RwbZ †ivM ev †cvKv-gvKo w`‡q h‡_ó cwigvY

wPÎ : Pvivq cvwb †mP †Ìqv wPÎ : Pvivq †eov †Ìqv

wPÎ : Kvôj e„‡¶i cÖ“wbs

wPÎ : wecbœ kvjeb

ebvqb

K…wlwk¶v

101

AvµvšÍ n‡j, ivmvqwbK KxUbvkK w`‡q Zv `gb Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e cÖvK…wZKfv‡e †ivMevjvB `gb Ki‡Z cvi‡j LyeB fv‡jv nq|

eb msi¶Y

Avbyi eb åg‡Yi Mí MvQcvjvq †Niv g‡bvig cwi‡ek Avbyi LyeB cQ›`| kx‡Zi QzwU‡Z †m evevi mv‡_ MvRxcy‡ii kvjeb åg‡Y †Mj|

e‡bi kvj I MR©b MvQ †`‡L †m Avbw›`Z n‡jv| wKš‘ we —Y© GjvKvRy‡o e‡bi MvQ †K‡U DRvo Kivi `„k¨ Zv‡K

LyeB Kó w`j| †m †`L‡jv eb `Lj K‡i gvbyl emZ evwo wbg©vY Ki‡Q| G Qvov bvbv Dcv‡q eb aŸsm K‡i

`L‡ji cvjv Pj‡Q| Zvi evev ej‡jb AviI we¯Í…Z GjvKvRy‡o G eb wQj| e‡b n‡iK iK‡gi cïcvwL †`Lv

†h‡Zv| evevi Kv‡Q AviI Rvb‡jv eb`my iv G e‡bi e„¶ †K‡U Pzwi K‡i wewµ Ki‡Q| Avby Avgv‡ì †`‡ki eb

i¶v Kivi Dcvq wb‡q mvivivZ fvej| Zvi LvZvq †m eb i¶vi Dcvq m¤ú‡K© wjL‡jv, hv wb¤œi~c -

1. eb`my¨‡ì cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

2. RbMY‡K e‡bi ¸i“Z¡ †evSv‡Z n‡e|

3. mvgvwRK eb m„wó‡Z mevB‡K Ask wb‡Z n‡e|

4. e‡bi cï-cvwL aŸsm Kiv hv‡e bv|

5. ¯^vfvweK wbq‡g eb m„wó‡Z evav †`qv hv‡e bv|

6. eb msi¶Y AvBb Rvbe Ges mevB‡K Zv †g‡b Pjvi civgk© wè|

7. RbMY‡K eb msi¶‡Y m‡PZb Kie|

KvR : †Zvgiv mevB Avbyi eb åg‡Yi Mí gb w`‡q †kvb| `jMZfv‡e eb msi¶‡Y AviI Kx Kx Dcvq

Aej¤^b Kiv hvq, Zv wb‡q wPš—v Ki| †cv÷v‡i wPÎwU m¤úbœ K‡i `jMZ Dc¯’vY Ki|

KvD‡K eb aŸsm Ki‡Z wè bv

eb ågY Kie

eb msi¶‡Yi Dcvq

102

cvV-7 : KvÊ †_‡K bZzb Pviv ˆZwi c×wZ Dw™¢` cÖavbZ ex‡Ri gva¨‡g esk we¯Ívi K‡i| AvRKvj Dw™¢‡ì esk we¯Ív‡ii Rb¨ KvÊ LÊ LyeB Kvh©Kwi c×wZ| Dw™¢‡ì KvÊ LÊ †_‡K bZzb Pviv ˆZwii c×wZ‡K K…wÎg A½R cÖRbb c×wZ ejv nq|

Dw™¢‡ì KvÊ LÊ †_‡K bZzb Pviv ˆZwi †kÖwY‡Z wewfbœ iKg Dw™¢‡ì wPÎ msewjZ PvU© ch©‡e¶Y Ki| m¤¢e n‡j Dw™¢‡ì bgybvI ch©‡e¶Y Ki| Gme Dw™¢` Kxfv‡e eskwe¯Ívi K‡i Zv e‡jv|

KvR : KvÊ LÊ †_‡K bZzb Pviv Drcv`b (†Rvovq KvR)

Pv‡U©i wP‡Î kvLv Kjg, ¸wU Kjg I †Rvov Kjg c×wZ ch©‡e¶Y Ki| †KvbwU †Kvb cÖKv‡ii K…wÎg A½R c×wZ Zv kbv³ Ki|

K…wÎg A½R cÖRbb

1. kvLv Kjg ev KvwUs K…l‡Kiv AvL MvQ G c×wZ‡Z †ivcY K‡i| cwiYZ MvQ †_‡K wP‡Îi g‡Zv K‡i †K‡U wb‡q, Av‡Li kvLv †fRv gvwU‡Z jvMv‡bv nq| kvLvwU ¯^vfvweKfv‡e eo n‡q bZzb AvL Mv‡Q cwiYZ nq|

2. ¸wU Kjg G c×wZ‡Z fv‡jv Rv‡Zi gvZ…MvQ †_‡K Kjg K‡i bZzb MvQ ˆZwi Kiv nq| ¸wU Kjg LyeB RbwcÖq I mnR c×wZ| †jey, †cqviv, m‡d`v, wjPz, i½b cÖf…wZ Mv‡Q G c×wZ‡Z Kjg Kiv nq| ¸wU Kjg ˆZwii Rb¨ GK eQi eq‡mi m‡ZR Wvj wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| Gevi wZbfvM †`vAuvk gvwUi mv‡_ GKfvM cPv †Mvei mvi wgwk‡q cvwb w`‡q †c÷ ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| wP‡Îi g‡Zv K‡i avivj Qzwi w`‡q wbe©vwPZ Kv‡Êi AMÖfvM †_‡K AšÍZ 60 †mwg wb‡Pi 5 †mwg †Mvj K‡i Qvwo‡q wb‡Z n‡e| Qvjgy³ Ask cÖ_‡g PU w`‡q GKUz N‡l wb‡Z n‡e| Gevi Qvjgy³ As‡k wP‡Îi g‡Zv K‡i †c÷ cwjw_‡b gy‡o yB gyL myZv w`‡q euva‡Z n‡e| 3-4 mßv‡ni g‡a¨ Qvj †Zvjv As‡k mv`v wkKo cwjw_‡bi evB‡i †_‡K †`Lv hv‡e| wkKo fv‡jv K‡i MRv‡j Ges ev`vwg i‡Oi n‡j WvjwU‡K †K‡U U‡e jvwM‡q K‡qKw`b Qvqvq ivL‡Z n‡e| gv‡S gv‡S U‡ei gvwU‡Z cvwb w`‡Z n‡e| †iv‡` ivL‡j K‡qKw`b ci bZzb cvZv MRv‡e|

wPÎ : ¸wU Kjg

wPÎ : kvLv Kjg

gvZ… kvLv

Pviv

wMU

ebvqb

K…wlwk¶v

103

3. wehy³ †Rvo Kjg

G Kj‡gi GKwU DrK…ó D`vniY n‡”Q wfwbqvi Kjg|

wfwbqvi Kjg

G c×wZ‡Z Avg, KuvVvj Mv‡Q Kjg Kiv nq| emš— I kirKvj wfwbqvi Kjg Kivi Dchy³ mgq| G Kv‡Ri

Rb¨ cÖ_‡g exRZjvq ev U‡e 9-12 gvm eq¯‹ Avw` †Rvo MvQ ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| PvivwUi †Mvov †_‡K 20-30

†mwg Dc‡i Kjg ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| wP‡Îi g‡Zv K‡i avivj Qzwi w`‡q ÷K Pviv wZb fv‡Mi GKfvM LuvR †K‡U

wb‡Z n‡e| Gevi Ab¨ GKwU GKB eq‡mi Pviv †_‡K ÷K Mv‡Qi Wv‡ji Dc‡ii Ask †ZiQv K‡i †K‡U wb‡Z

n‡e| G Ask‡K mvqb ejv nq| AZtci mvqb ÷‡K ms‡hvM K‡i ¯‹P©‡Uc w`‡q gy‡o w`‡Z n‡e| cwjw_‡bi

XvKbv w`‡q KjgwU †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e| 2-3 mßv‡ni g‡a¨ mvqb †Rvov †j‡M Wvj †_‡K Kzuwo MRv‡Z ïi“ Ki‡e|

G c×wZ‡Z wewfbœ d‡ji Mv‡Qi Kjg Kiv hvq|

KvR : wewfbœ `‡j kvLv Kjg, ¸wU Kjg I †Rvo Kjg wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki| cÖ‡Z¨K `j wba©vwiZ KjgwUi wPÎ †cv÷v‡i AuvK| Gevi †gŠwLK Dc¯’vcb Ki|

bZzb kã : kvLv Kjg, ¸wU Kjg, wfwbqvi Kjg, mvqb|

cvV-8 : KvÊ †_‡K bZzb Pviv ˆZwi Kiv

KvÊ †_‡K bZzb Pviv ˆZwi Kiv (eënvwiK)

we`¨vjq cwi‡e‡k eënvwiK KvRwU Ki|

wPÎ : ÷K Pviv wPÎ : mvqb ÷‡K ms‡hvM

wPÎ : ÷K Mv‡Qi Wv‡ji Dci

104

KvR : ¸wU Kjg c×wZ‡Z Pviv ˆZwi (`jMZ KvR)

DcKiY : U‡e gvZ…MvQ, Qzwi, †Mvei †gkv‡bv †`vAuvk gvwUi †c÷, cwjw_b, myZv|

Kvh© cÖYvwj 1| wbe©vwPZ m‡ZR Kv‡Êi †Kvb As‡k Kjg ˆZwi Ki‡e Zv kbv³ Ki|

2| avivj Qzwi w`‡q wba©vwiZ As‡ki 5 †mwg As‡ki evKj mveav‡b Zz‡j †d‡jv|

3| evKjgy³ Ask fv‡jv K‡i PU w`‡q N‡l `vI|

4| Gevi yBfvM †`vAuvk gvwU I GKfvM cPv †Mvei †gkv‡bv †c÷ bvI| wbe©vwPZ As‡k †Mvj I cyi“ K‡i

jvMvI|

4| cwjw_b w`‡q †c÷ fv‡jv K‡i †cwP‡q yB gyL k³ K‡i myZv w`‡q †eu‡a `vI|

5| wZb mßvn c‡i j¶ Ki bZzb wkKo MwR‡q Pviv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| Gevi avivj Qzwi w`‡q Pviv Avjv`v K‡i

U‡e ev gvwU‡Z †ivcY Ki| K‡qK w`b †X‡K ivL| Gevi †iv‡` `vI| gvwU ïwK‡q †M‡j †Mvovq wbqwgZ

†mP `vI| wk¶K Ny‡i Ny‡i `jxq KvR ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb| cÖ‡qvR‡b mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡eb| KvR †k‡l

cÖ‡Z¨K `j Zv‡ì KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡ì Kv‡Ri †gŠwLK g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|

wk¶v_x©‡ì DrmvwnZ Ki‡eb| evwo‡Z KvÊ LÊ †_‡K Pviv ˆZwii Ab¨ c×wZ¸‡jv Abykxj‡bi civgk©

†`‡eb|

wPÎ : i½‡bi ¸wU Kjg c×wZ

ebvqb

K…wlwk¶v

105

cvV-9 : KvÊ LÊ †_‡K nv‡Z-Kj‡g bZzb Pviv Drcv`b

G cvVwU wk¶v md‡ii gva¨‡g m¤úbœ Ki| †Zvgiv wk¶K‡K mv‡_ wb‡q wbKUZg †Kv‡bv bvm©vwi‡Z hvI| †mLv‡b djR/ebR e„‡¶i Pviv Drcv`b c×wZ¸‡jv ch©‡e¶Y Ki| †Zvgiv KvÊ LÊ †_‡K KvwUs c×wZ‡Z nv‡Z-Kj‡g Pviv ˆZwi Ki| cÖ‡qvR‡b wk¶‡Ki mn‡hvwMZv bvI| KvwUs c×wZ‡Z Pviv Drcv`b c×wZi cÖwZ‡e`b LvZvq †jL| wk¶K‡K wba©vwiZ w`‡b Rgv `vI|

cvV-10 : K…wlR wbg©vY mvgMÖx KvV I euv‡ki eënvi c×wZ Avgv‡ì cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b K…wlR wbg©vY mvgMÖx KvV I euv‡ki eûwea eënvi i‡q‡Q| M„nwbg©vY †_‡K ïi“ K‡i cÖvq

me Kv‡RB G ywU Dcv`v‡bi eënvi LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©|

wPÎ : ¸wU Kjg

wPÎ : kvLv Kjg †e‡W †ivcY Kiv n‡q‡Q

wPÎ : bvmv©wi †e‡W Pvivi hZœ

wPÎ : `vev Kjg ˆZwii c×wZ

106

K…wlR wbg©vY mvgMÖx Kv‡Vi eënvi

Avgv‡ì cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b Kv‡Vi eûwea eënvi i‡q‡Q| cwi‡e‡k M„n wbg©vY I AvmevecÎ ˆZwi‡Z KvV eënvi Kiv nq| †Zvgv‡ì evwo I we`¨vjq cwi‡ek‡K wb‡q fve| Gme ¯’v‡b Kx Kx wRwbm ˆZwi‡Z Kv‡Vi eënvi nq? †Kvb †Kvb Mv‡Qi KvV Kx Kx Kv‡R eënvi nq ?

G‡mv Gevi Avgiv Kv‡Vi we¯Í…Z eënvi wkwL|

1. M„n wbg©vY mvgMÖx ˆZwi

evmM„‡ni LyuwU, Avov, cvUvZb I †eovi PvUvB ˆZwi‡Z Kv‡Vi eënvi nq| GQvov Rvbvjv-ìRvi †d«gI KvV w`‡q ˆZwi nq| kvj, †m¸b, my›`wi, KoB, †è`vi“ cÖf…wZ Dw™¢‡ì KvV Gme Kv‡R eënvi nq|

2. AvmevecÎ ˆZwi

†Pqvi, †Uwej, †mvdv, LvU, Avjgvwi cÖf…wZ KvV w`‡q ˆZwi nq| †gnMwb, †m¸b, KoB, KuvVvj, †iBbwUª cÖf…wZ Dw™¢‡ì KvV Gme wRwbm ˆZwi‡Z eënvi nq|

3. hvbevnb ˆZwi

†bŠKv, jÂ, Bw÷gvi, evm, UªvK ˆZwi‡Z KvV eënvi nq| GQvov Mi“i Mvwo, wiKkv, f¨vb, †ij jvB‡bi w −cvi cÖf…wZ KvV w`‡q ˆZwi nq| kvj, my›`wi, Rvi“j, evejv, wcZivR cÖf…wZ Dw™¢‡ì KvV Gme hvbevnb ˆZwi‡Z eënvi nq|

4. hš¿cvwZ ˆZwi

jv½j, †Rvqvj, AvPiv, B‡jKwUªK myBP ˆZwi nq KvV w`‡q| bvbviKg †Ljvi mvgMÖxI KvV w`‡q evbv‡bv nq| †jLvcovi †cwÝj, KvMR ˆZwi‡ZI KvV eënvi nq| Zvj, evejv, Mve, jUKb I †MIqv KvV w`‡q Gme mvgMÖx ˆZwi nq|

5. R¡vjvwb KvV

Avg, gv›`vi, wcZivR, Dwo Avg ev Ab¨vb¨ Mv‡Qi eR© Ask cÖf…wZ Dw™¢‡ì KvV R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e eënvi nq| GQvov †`qvkjvB ˆZwi nq †MIqv, wkgyj, K`g I QvwZg Mv‡Qi KvV w`‡q| c−vBDW ˆZwi‡Z Avg, wcZivR, K`g Kv‡Vi eënvi nq| †K‡ivwmb KvV w`‡q ˆZwi nq c¨v‡KwRs ev·|

KvR : KvV Drcv`bKvix Dw™¢` I Gi eënvi (`jxq KvR)

ebvqb

K…wlwk¶v

107

KvV eënv‡ii †¶Î †Kvb †Kvb Kv‡R Kxfv‡e KvV eënvi nq Zvi 2wU D`vniY `vI

KvV Drcv`bKvix 2wU Dw™¢‡ì bvg wjL

1. M„n wbg©vY

2. AvmevecÎ ˆZwi

3. hvbevnb ˆZwi

4. hš¿cvwZ ˆZwi

5. R¡vjvwb

K…wlR wbg©vY mvgMÖx euv‡ki eënvi

euvk Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bi ïi“ †_‡K †kl ch©š— Kv‡R jv‡M| †Zvgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡K euv‡ki GKwU K‡i eënvi ej| Gevi G‡mv Avgiv euv‡ki eënvi m¤ú‡K© AviI fv‡jvfv‡e †R‡b †bB|

1. wbg©vY Kv‡R euvk : MÖvgxY ¯^í Av‡qi gvby‡liv evwo-Ni wbg©v‡Y euv‡ki Dci wbf©ikxj| we‡kl K‡i eivK I G RvZxq k³ evuk M„nwbg©v‡Y †ewk eënvi nq|

2. Avmeve ˆZwi‡Z euvk : cÖavbZ g~jx, givj I Zj −v euvk w`‡q AvmevecÎ ˆZwi nq| eyK‡kjd, †mvdv, †gvov, †Pqvi cÖf…wZ Gme euvk w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv hvq|

3. mw¾ZKi‡Y euvk : givj, Zj −v I m~² Auvkm¤úbœ euvk w`‡q mw¾ZKiY Kiv nq| Ni-evwo I Awdm mw¾ZKi‡Y Gme euv‡ki cÖPzi eënvi n‡q _v‡K|

4. hš¿cvwZ ˆZwi‡Z euvk : k³ ai‡bi eivK euvk w`‡q hš¿cvwZ ˆZwi Kiv nq| jv½j, †Rvqvj, †Kv`vj, gB, AuvPov cÖf„wZ eivK euvk w`‡q ˆZwi nq|

5. hvbevnb ˆZwi I R¡vjvwb wnmv‡e euvk : k³ ai‡bi eivK euvk hvbevnb ˆZwi‡Z eënvi Kiv nq| wiKkv, †bŠKv, Mi“ I †Nvovi Mvwo ˆZwi‡Z euv‡ki eënvi n‡q _v‡K| me ai‡bi euvk, euvkcvZv I Ab¨vb¨ Ask R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq|

108

wPÎ : euv‡ki ˆZwi wRwbmcÎ

Abykxjbx

1| k~b¨¯’vb c~iY

K. evsjv‡`‡ki me †Rjv‡ZB ................. Pvl nq|

L. evukMv‡Q GKkZ eQ‡i GKevi ............ I ............. nq|

M. KvuVvj GKwU eûwea eënvi ..................... Dw™¢ |

N. Avgv‡ì ebR m¤ú‡ì cwigvY kZKiv ............ fvM|

O. .............. Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bi ïi“ †_‡K †kl ch©š— Kv‡R jv‡M|

ebvqb

K…wlwk¶v

109

2| wgj KiY :

evgcvk Wvbcvk 1. cÎSiv †ZuZzj

2. wØexRcÎx Dw™¢ euvk

3. eûel©Rxex Kvôj Nvm †gnMwb

4. Kv‡Vi is jvj njy` Avg

5. wPinwir Dw™¢ KuvVvj

3| eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :

1. c¨v‡KwRs ev· ˆZwi‡Z †Kvb KvV eëüZ nq?

K. K`g L. wkgyj

M. †K‡ivwmb N. QvwZg

2. wbg Mv‡Qi cÎdjK¸‡jv-

i. j¤^v‡U

ii. wW¤^vK…wZi

iii. ek©vK…wZi


K. i I ii L. i I iii

M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

110

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

iwng I Kwig yB eÜz| DbœZ dvwb©Pvi ˆZwii D‡Ï‡k¨ GKB RvZxq Ges wgwn Auv‡ki ebR Mv‡Qi 2wU wfbœ wfbœ uwo µq K‡i| GKB KvVwgw¯¿ w`‡q dvwb©Pvi ˆZwii ci †`Lv †Mj Kwi‡gi dvwb©Pv‡i Kvw•¶Z is Mvp Kvj‡P

n‡jI iwn‡gi dvwb©Pv‡ii is jvj‡P L‡qwi n‡q‡Q| G‡Z iwn‡gi gb Lvivc n‡q †Mj|

3. iwng I Kwigi µq Kiv MvQwU wQj-

K. †m¸b L. KuvVvj

M. †gnMwb N. AvKvkgwb

4. Kwi‡gi dvwb©Pvi DbœZ nIqvi KviY MvQwUi ¸uwo-

i. †ewk cwicK¡ wQj

ii. wgwn Auv‡ki wQj

iii. Lye my›ì cwjk wb‡qwQj|


K. i I ii L. i I iii

M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

4| m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :

1. cÂg †kÖwYi wk¶v_©x mvwR` cÖvqB †c‡Ui AmyL I Pg©‡iv‡M †fv‡M| MÖx‡®§i QzwU‡Z MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z †eov‡Z G‡j `v`v mvwR`‡K Zvui evMv‡bi GKwU Mv‡Qi cvZv Ges Qv‡ji im LvIqvb I kix‡i jvwM‡q †`b| G‡Z †m my¯’ n‡q I‡V| G Qvov `v`v mvwR`‡K Zuvi evwoi we‡kl GKwU d‡ji evMvbI Nywi‡q †`Lvb| mvwR`‡K Zuvi `v`v AvKv‡i me©v‡c¶v eo I we‡kl ¸Ym¤úbœ H djwU m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`b|

K. †gnMwb Mv‡Qi GKwU cÖRvwZi bvg †jL|

L. euvk‡K wbg©vY mvgMÖx ejvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. mvwR‡ì `v`vi evMv‡bi H djwU we‡kl ¸Ym¤úbœ †Kb, KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. MÖvgxY Rb¯^v¯’¨ I cwi‡ekevÜe K…wl‡Z mvwR‡ì eënvi Kiv MvQwUi Dc‡hvwMZv we‡k −lY Ki|

ebvqb

K…wlwk¶v

111

2.

K. cÎSiv Dw™¢` Kv‡K e‡j?

L. KuvVvj MvQ‡K eb¨vgy³ ¯’v‡b †ivcY Ki‡Z nq †Kb e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. K…wÎgfv‡e eskwe¯Ív‡i Dc‡ii †h c×wZwU eënvi Kiv nq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. K…wlR mvgMÖx, wbg©vY Kv‡R wP‡Î cÖ wk©Z Dw™¢ wUi f~wgKv g~j¨vqb Ki|

5| msw¶ß cÖkœ DËi :

K. ebvqb Kv‡K e‡j?

L. †flR Dw™¢ Kv‡K e‡j?

M. †Kvb Rwg‡Z †gnMwb fv‡jv R‡b¥?

N. †gnMwb Rjve×Zv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡I bv †Kb?

112

6| iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :

K. †gnMwb Mv‡Qi Pvl c×wZ eY©bv Ki|

L. KuvVvj Mv‡Qi A_©‰bwZK ¸i“Z¡ e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. euvk Mv‡Qi eënvi eY©bv Ki|

N. ¸wU Kjg c×wZwU eY©bv Ki|

mgvß

ebvqb

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