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Section B: Chemistry of the Elements

1 a) Atomic number b) Relative atomic mass

c) Group 1 d) Group 6

e) 3 or 4 or 5

2 a) i) Calcium / Ca2+

ii) Turns limewater milky

iii) Carbonate / CO32-

b) i) Fe2+ ii) Iron(II) hyrdoxide

iii) Sulfate / SO42- iv) BaSO4

c) Any two from chloride, bromide and iodide

d) i) CaCO3 ii) FeSO4

3 a) X b) 21

c) Re-lights a glowing spill d) Carbon dioxide

4 a) i) 5 ii) Colourless

b) i) NH3 + HCl NH4Cl

OR

NH3 + H+ NH4

+

ii) Add sodium hydroxide solution and warm. The gas given off turns damp red litmus paper

blue.

iii) Add 15 cm3 of ammonia solution to 25 cm3 of hydrochloric acid.

Leave the solution to evaporate.

Dry the crystals with filter paper.

c) i) Lead(II) nitrate and any soluble chloride, such as sodium chloride or hydrochloric acid.

ii) Lead(II) nitrate + sodium chloride Lead(II) chloride + sodium nitrate

5 a) Any two from bubbles of gas / fizzing / effervescence

white precipitate / water goes cloudy

water gets warm

calcium bobs up and down

Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2

b) Zinc oxide. Zn + H2O ZnO + H2

c) i) Zn + Fe2+ Zn

2+ + Fe

ii) Displacement / redox

d) Oxygen

e) i) Coat it with zinc

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ii) Zinc is more reactive than iron so corrodes instead of the iron.

6 a) Less than thirteen bubbles in the iron tube. More than thirteen bubbles in the magnesium tube.

b) Zinc + hydrochloric acid zinc chloride + hydrogen

c) Any one from copper, silver, gold, platinum.

d) Water and oxygen.

7 a) aq; l; g

b) Hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid or nitric acid

c) Carbonate ion; carbon dioxide

d) i) Calcium hydroxide

ii) Limewater

iii) Limewater turns milky

iv) CaCO3 + H2O

e) Makes it acidic/ lowers its pH to below 7

8 a) i) Any two from sodium moves around

bubbles of gas / fizzing / effervescence

sodium melts / forms a ball

sodium disappears

ii) Sodium + water

sodium hydroxide + hydrogeniii) Blue / indigo / violet / purple. The solution is (strongly) alkaline / contains hydroxide ions.

b) i) Yellow

ii) Flame test

c) i) Electrons are transferred from sodium atoms to oxygen atoms. Each sodium atom loses

one electron. Each oxygen atom gains two electrons.

ii) Na+

and O2

9 a) 2.8.7

b) 7

c) Brown to colourless

d) i) Red. The solution is acidic / hydrobromic acid has been formed / the solution contains

hydrogen ions (H+).

ii) Blue. The solution is not acidic / no hydrogen ions are formed.

10 a) i) 2

ii) 2.8.2

b) i) Any two from bubbles of gas / fizzing / effervescence

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ChemistryRevisionGuide

white precipitate / water goes cloudy

water gets warm

calcium bobs up and down

ii) Ca(OH)2

iii) Blue. The solution is alkaline / contains hydroxide ions.

c) i) Magnesium is silver; magnesium oxide is white.

ii) Upward delivery in air. Over water.

iii) Hydrogen + oxygen water

11 a) Zinc is less reactive than magnesium.

b) i) Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu

OR

Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu

ii) Solid turns from dark grey to pink-brown.

Solution turns from blue to green.

c) Hydrogen is more reactive than copper, but less reactive than iron.

12 a) i) The solid in the flask is calcium carbonate.

The liquid in the tap funnel is dilute hydrochloric acid.

ii) Carbon dioxide is more dense than air. Collect by downward delivery in air or over water.

iii) CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

OR

CaCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) Ca2+(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

b) Magnesium burns with a white flame. White solid formed.