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Russia’s Political and Economic
Change
Hannah HePeriod 7
Early History
Pre-History > Kievan Rus > Mongol Invasion >Russo-Tatar > Duchy of Moscow
Rurik Dynasty (1157-1598)
Change during the Tsardom and Imperial Russia
Sudebnik of 1550 – the first “Russian constitution”
Romanov family change Imperial RussiaPeter the Great – government reforms to
modernize RussiaCatherine the Great – arts, science, and
learning
Decembrist Revolt
Emancipation of Serfs
Revolution
Industrial Revolution: created three main competing parties
Bloody SundayOctober ManifestoWorld War and its causes to the
February Revolution◦Demoralizing◦Ignored the Duma and instead took into consideration the statements of the advisor of his wife
February Revolution
Set up a Provisional Government
Headed by Alex Kerensky, who was progressive but not radical enough for some
October Revolution
Lenin’s return from exile (with help from Germany)
Capitalized on worker strikes after loss in gross industrial production
National Constituent Assembly refused to support the Bolsheviks
Democracy was removed from RussiaNationalized banksLeft the war after a peace treaty with
Germany
Russian Civil War
Creation of the Soviet Union (1922 – 1991)
Ideologically based unionFour republics:
◦Russian SFSR◦Ukrainian SSR◦Belarusian SSR◦Transcaucasian SFSR
“Federal” system as set by the constitution, although the communist party was the actual leading force
War Communism vs. New Economic Policy
War Communism◦Land and small businesses were nationalized◦Money economy was restricted
New Economic Policy◦In answer to peasant opposition◦Peasants were allowed to sell surpluses once
again instead of surrendering their surplus grain like before
◦Revived the economy
The Stalin Years
Five year plan – build up heavy industry, the consolidating agriculture, and the restricted manufacture of consumer goods
Great purges, gulags, and prison camps
World War II
Non-aggression pact with Germany in 1939
Victorious, entered Berlin in 1945 and beat Japanese in Manchuria in the last battles of the war
Completely devastated and destroyed Russian cities and towns
Jewish population very low Estimates: 25 million killed total
Cold War
Stagnation and Death of Stalin
Fight over the leadership
Soviet Economic Reform of 1965◦Economic independence
of enterprises◦Sales prices had to be
profitable◦Reduced number of
policy targets from 30 to 9
Prices rose then fell
Fall of Soviet Russia
Glasnost allowed people to express their dissatisfaction
Gorbachev vs. YeltsinRussia took over, differentiation became
harder Shortage of food plus refusal to change
resulted in a call for changeOfficially ended in 1991Communist Party was banned from 1991-
1992
Russian Federation
Yeltsin◦Ended price controls◦Drastic cuts in state spending◦Opened foreign trade
September-October 1993 constitutional crisis (replaced constitution with strong presidential powers)
Financial crash of 1998Putin take-over
Russia Today
Foreign InvestmentDomestic vs. Foreign PoliciesPutin and Medvedev control of
government
Questions???