21,2

29,1

9,2

16,6

15,4

0,8

9,7

10,1

1,9

10,6

1,4

17,1

1,1

0,2

14,4

1,4

0,1

2,1

China

RZD JSC

India

Kazakhstan

USA (I class)

Japan

Ukraine

Canada

EC

RUSSIAN RAILWAYS: A GLOBAL LEADING RAILWAY SYSTEM*

217,6

150,7

131,0

85,6

67,4

42,6

33,1

30,0

27,1

EC

USA (I…

China

RZD JSC

India

Canada

Australia

Brazil

Japan

LENGTH OF RAILWAY TRACK IN

USE, THOUSAND KM

* 2018 DATA SOURCES: UIC, OSJD, Eurostat, national statistics agencies, US and Canada railway associations, RZD data

FREIGHT TRAFFIC DENSITY M TKM/KM

PASSENGER TRAFFIC DENSITY, M PASS.-KM/KM

OPERATION INTENSITY OF RAILWAY NETWORKS, M TKM EQ./KM

2597

2580

2445

654

540,1

420,8

413,5

375,2

Russia

China

USA

India

Canada

EC

Australia

Brazil

TURNOVER, BILLION TKM

1149

464,2

389,2

129,4

49,3

29,5

18,2

China

India

EC

Japan

Russia

South…

USA

Kazakhstan

PASSENGER TURNOVER, BILLION

PASS.·KM

1406

17%

65%

17% 85,2%

13,5% 1,1% 0,2%

66,0%

7,5%

12,0%

14,5%

ELECTRIC DIESEL

Atomic

Thermal Hidro FREIGHT

PASSENGER

6100

2344

438 99

1491

616

1261

2982

ECONOMIC

MOVEMENT

FREIGHT

PASSENGER

ECONOMIC

MOVEMENT

SHUNTING

Diesel lokomotives

6350 units

Electric locomotives

8981 units

SHUNTING

PASSENGER

FREIGHT

PASSENGER

ECONOMIC

MOVEMENT

SHUNTING

FREIGHT

ECONOMIC

MOVEMENT

SHUNTING

Total electricity consumption 42 823,7 GWh

Total diesel consumption 2,24 million tons 2018

COST BALANCE AND LOKOMOTIV PARK Russian Railways

COST BALANCE Russian Railways

THE COMPOSITION OF THE LOCOMOTIVE PARK

Russian Railways

RZD OPERATING RESULTS

Greenhouse gas emissions by CER and RZD passenger trains over time

Greenhouse gas emissions by CER and RZD freight trains over time

Specific energy consumption by CER and RZD passenger (top) and freight (bottom) trains over time

BIODIESEL TEST CONDITIONS

o The test was performed on four ChME3 diesel locomotives

Locomotive No. 1 operated on pure diesel fuel (annual

consumption: 128 t)

Locomotive No. 2 operated on diesel fuel with 5% added

biodiesel (annual consumption: 69 t)

Locomotive No. 3 operated on diesel fuel with 10% added

biodiesel (annual consumption: 38 t)

Locomotive No. 4 operated on diesel fuel with 20% added

biodiesel (annual consumption: 69 t)

o The locomotives were equipped with diagnostic instruments

o The share of idling was comparable for all the locomotives

o Diesel locomotives working on mixed fuels exhibited increased

specific fuel consumption

Locomotive specifications

•Axle wheel configuration: 30–30

•Diesel power: 993 kW

•TEM power: 6×134 kW

•Maximum Speed : 95 km/h

•Design weight with 2/3 fuel, water and sand reserves: 123 t

KEY PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF DIESEL AND BIODIESEL FUEL

Parameter

Unit

Diesel fuel

EN 590:2004

Biodiesel

EN

14214:2003

Net calorific value MJ/kg 42.5 37.5

Density at 15 °C kg/m³ 820-845 860-900

Lubricity μm 460 344

Pour point °С -5 ÷ -45 -15

Cloud point °С - -4

Flash point, not less than °С 55 101

Cetane number - 51 51

Ash, not more than weight % 0,01 0,02

Copper plate corrosion - Class 1 Class 1

Water content, not more than mg/kg 200 500

ALTERNATIVE FUEL TEST RESULTS

ge, g/kWh

Controller position

Fig. 3.11. Specific fuel consumption in brake resistor load tests of ChME3

diesel locomotive No. 5193 (20% rapeseed methyl ester) before (2006) and

after (2007) driving tests.

2006, diesel fuel

2007, diesel fuel

2006, biodiesel

2007, biodiesel

Figure 3.15. Carbon and nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gases of

ChME3 diesel locomotive No. 5193 (20% rapeseed methyl ester) before

(2006) and after (2007) driving tests.

2006, NOx

2007, NOx

2006, CO

2007, CO

CO, NOx mg/m³

Controller position

TEST RESULTS

o Diesel locomotive maintenance revealed increased fouling of fine fuel filtres

o As the proportion of biofuel in the fuel mixture rises, so does the intensity of carbon

buildup on the sides of the combustion chambers, piston surface and valves of

engine cylinders.

o Brake resistor load tests of diesel locomotives demonstrated that addition of

biofuel to diesel fuel has almost no effect on locomotive power

o Specific effective fuel consumption falls by 1.8–3.6% relative to pure diesel fuel,

owing to the low calorific capacity of biofuel

o When fuel with 20% added biofuel is used, the level of carbon oxide is reduced by

30% relative to conventional fuel, whereas the nitrogen oxide content remains

almost constant

o As the cost of biofuel is higher than that of pure diesel fuel, it was considered

economically unviable

TEST RESULTS

The tests established that biodiesel fuel can be used with RZD diesel locomotives as

long as several conditions are met:

o As biodiesel has stronger detergent qualities, fuel tanks and the fuel system must

be thoroughly washed before biodiesel is used. Otherwise pumps and nozzles will

be fouled and may be damaged

o Use of biofuel leads to higher deposition of unburned particles in the engine

relative to pure diesel fuel

o Owing to the higher acidity of biofuel, the wear and replacement rate of rubber

seals of the diesel is accelerated, requiring specialised additives to reduce the

adverse impact of biofuel on rubber seals

o As biofuel is hygroscopic, it freezes at temperatures as high as −15 °C, requiring

use of additional additives.

KAZAKHSTAN

MONGOLIA

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

BELARUS

FINLAND

CHINA

Kaliningrad

Raz. 9 km

Surgut

Nov. Chara

Novoshakhtinskaya

Chita

Lena

Murmansk

Khabarovsk

Tynda

Chum

Vkhodnaya

Vanino

Komsomolsk-na-Amure

Irkutsk

Sayanskaya Koshurnikovo

Taksimo

Kadala

Bamovskaya

Gaydamak

Pinozero

Noyabrsk I

Tulun Ulan-Ude

Krasnokamensk

Severobaikalsk

Fevralsk

Ruzhino

Sosnogorsk

Obskaya

Nizhnevartovsk

Serov

Korotchayevo

MOSCOW

Kaya

Korshunikha

SWEDEN

NORWAY

POLAND

UKRAINE

Neryungri

Nakhodka- -Vost.

Zagustay Kharankhoy

Tayga Tayshet

Inskaya Uyar Kiya-Shaltyr

Kovdor

Budogoshch

Gay Profintern

im. M. Gorkogo

Tikhoretskaya

Saratov

Chelyabinsk

Syzran Samara Ufa

Yelets

Astrakhan

Akhtuba Krasnodar

Nizh. Novgorod Kirov

Vologda

Koshta

Mga

Perm

St. Petersburg Ust-Luga

Argyz Kazan

Tobolsk Voynovka

Karasuk Erunakovo

Kurgan

Zauralye Isilkul

Magnitogorsk

Nikashnovka

Volkhovstroy

Kochkoma

Achinsk

Karymskaya

Uglovaya Planned routes of possible gas turbine locomotive operation New line

MAP LEGEND

Penza Liski

Likhaya Kavkaz

Savyolovo

Izvestkovaya

Vorkuta

FUTURE REGION OF OPERATION OF LIQUID NATURAL GAS-FUELLED LOCOMOTIVES

Gas-piston main-line locomotive (draft design)

LINE OF MAINLINE GAS-FUELLED LOCOMOTIVES FOR THE NLR

GT1h gas turbine locomotive

Reduced life cycle cost of up to 8.5 %

Engine power 8500 kW

LNG reserve 40 t

Wheel configuration 4о-4о×2-2х4о-4о

Engine power 2×3500 kW

LNG reserve 20 t

Wheel configuration 4о-4о×2-2х4о-4о

ADVANCED DESIGNS OF GAS-FUELLED SHUNT LOCOMOTIVES

TEMG1 ТЭМ19-002

Engine power 880–900 кВт

LNG reserve 5 t

Wheel configuration 3о-3о

Engine power 2×428 kW

LNG reserve 2.5 t

Wheel configuration 2о-2о

© Все права на предоставленные материалы принадлежат ОАО «РЖД». При использовании ссылка на правообладателя и источник заимствования обязательна. 13

Freight turnover, billion tkm

2018 2025

(railway line electrification programme not implemented)

(railway line electrification programme implemented)

turnover using electric

traction

turnover using diesel

traction

577,8

2 588,6

492,7

2 673,7 Maloshuyka

Obozerskaya

Kochkoma

Ledmozero

Velikiye Luki

Kaliningrad

Saratov Rostov

Belogorsk

Baranovsky

Chita

Murmansk

Petrovsky Zavod

Khabarovsk

Chelyabinsk

Argyz Kazan

Kirov

No

vo

ros

siysk

Omsk

Yaroslavl

Mga

Aleksandrov

Vanino

Irkutsk

Stolbovaya

Nizhnyaya

Smychka

Ob

Tayga

Sayanskaya

Koshurnikovo

Zavitaya

Gvozdevo

Olenegorsk

Pinozero

Medvezhya Gora

Vologda

Vyborg

Ust-Luga

Yelets

Povorino

Atkarsk

Liski

Rossosh

Uspenskaya

Akhtuba

Syzran

Inza

Cheboksary

Alnashi

Zilay

Isilkul

Karasuk

Kulunda

Uyar

Cheremkhovo Ulan-Ude

Zabaikalsk

Severobaikalsk

Angarakan

Bikin

Ruzhino

Uglovaya

Loukhi

Konosha

Kotlas

Kizlyar

Sulak

Tatarskaya

Borzya

Kotelnich Solikamsk

Ekaterinburg

Lipetsk

St. Petersburg

Uzunovo Nizh. Novgorod

Arzamas

Krasnogvardeyets

Bugulma

Kanash

Tula

Aksaraiskaya

Nurlat

Aryshta

Tver

MOSCOW

Samara

Voskresensk

Karymskaya

Vyazmma

Likhaya Ufa

Slyudyanka

Tayshet Korshunikha Nov. Urgal

Perm Gryazi

Krasny Kut

Kovdor

Achinsk

Belomorsk

Kubinka

Tikhoretskaya

Volochayevka—Sov. Gavan

Rtishchevo—Kochetovka

Stoylenskaya

—Sarayevka

Vyshesteblievskaya—Krasnaya Strela—

Yurovsky—Krymskaya, Anapa—Yurovsky

KAZAKHSTAN

UKRAINE

BELARUS

FINLAND

CHINA

SWEDEN

NORWAY

POLAND

LATVIA

LITHUANIA

MONGOLIA

Veimarn—Ivangorod—Narvsky, Kalishche—Kotly

Pikhtovoye—Ermilovo—Vysotsk

Borzya—Zabaikalsk

Ozherelye—Yelets

373,3

2 211,6

CHANGES IN ENERGY INTENSITY OF RZD OPERATIONS DURING RAILWAY LINE ELECTRIFICATION, kJ/tkm-eq, net

91.2 86.2 81.6

2 584,9 3 166,4 3 166,4 * *

* According to the basic scenario for Long-term Development Programme of RZD

ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF RAILWAY LINE ELECTRIFICATION

FOR THE PERIOD UP TO 2025

THANK YOU!