Russian contribution to ExoMars and the outline of

further Mars Exploration programme

3MS33, 11.10.2012

NPOL TEAMIKI TEAMS

COORDINATOR DANIIL RODIONOV<rodionov@iki.rssi.ru>

Scientific and technical goals of the ExoMars project

New scientific goals: Subsurface water mapping with high resolution. Exploration of Mars habitability. Volcanism (search for volcanic gases).

Development of a joint (ESA-Roscosmos) ground segment for interplanetary missions management. Integration of Russian and European experience in technology development for interplanetary missions and in quality control.

Preparation for the next steps in Mars exploration: Landing sites investigation, subsurface water. Dosimetry. Monitoring of radiation situation.

Completion of previously planned scientific missions: Investigation of the Mars structure and climate at the surface (Mars-96 Mars-Net). Atmosphere investigation, search for methane, climate monitoring from the orbit (Phobos-Grunt).

EXOMARS: Participation in ESA-led mission

1. Proton launch of 2016 composite – RTG and Russian instruments on EDM– Russian instruments on TGO– Joint science programme

2. Proton launch of 2018 probe– Roscosmos-led Descent Module using experience of EDM and lunar descents– ESA-supplied s/systems for the DM– Roscosmos-led fixed long-living platform (target science payload 50 kg)

Cancelled on 8 June

ExoMars: Project configuration 2016

TGO: Trace Gas Orbiter EDM: Entry, Descent & Landing Demonstrator Module

ACS: 3 spectrometers and electronic block FREND: Collimated neutron spectrometer + dosimeter

Russian participation

ExoMars: Project configuration 2016

TGO: Trace Gas Orbiter EDM: Entry, Descent & Landing Demonstrator Module

ACS: 3 spectrometers and electronic block FREND: Collimated neutron spectrometer + dosimeter

PanCam Adron

Lidar Dust Sensor

Russian participation

ExoMars: Trace Gas OrbiterRussian contribution: ACS

Name Description Prototype

ACS-NIR

Echelle-AOTF (Near IR: 0.7-1.7 μm, R~20000). Monitoring and profiling of CO, H2O, O2. Dayglow O2 emission, sensitive search for nightglows. Mass: 3.5 kg. Power: 15 W.

ISS

ACS-MIR

Echelle spectrometer (Middle IR: 2.2-4.5 μm, R>50000). Profiles of CH4 , H2O, СО, isotopic ratios HDO/H2O. Search for undetected species. Mass: 12 kg. Power: 20 W.

Phobos-Grunt

ACS-TIR

Fourier-spectrometer (2-25 μm, 0.2 cm-1). Monitoring of thermal state, aerosols, minor constituents in nadir. Detection in occultation. Mass: 12 kg. Power: 20 W.

Phobos-Grunt

Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) – Three spectrometers for the study of atmospheric chemistry and climate. Total mass: 33.3 kg (with electronic block).

FREND: Fine Resolution Epithermal Neutrons DetectorFREND is a neutron detector with a collimator and dosimeter module. Measurements are performed in a narrow field of view of about 10°, allowing to estimate the presence of water in the Martian surface with approx 40 km

resolution. This is 10 times better than the resolution of currently exiting HEND/Odyssey map:

FREND CollimatorScint

3He

Poly 10B

Preliminary design

FREND is practically identical to LEND instrument onboard Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, which is orbiting the Moon since 2009 and proved it’s efficiency in both design and neutrons collimation concept that allows high

resolution orbital mapping of neutron fluxes.Instrument PI: Igor Mitrofanov, Scientist: Anton Sanin, Manager: Alexey Malakhov, Space Research Institute (IKI)

HEND/Odyssey data, ~400 km resolution

40 km pixel

Simulation of FREND/TGO data, ~40 km resolution

Gale Crater

400 km pixel

Martian neutron energy ranges: Epithermal (3He counters): 0.4 eV – 500 keVFast (Stylbene Scintillator): 0.5 – 10 MeVSpatial resolution: ~ 40 km at 400 km orbit

Dosimeter moduleSilicon based semi-conductor detectorResolution: < 100 keV for 100 keV – 10 MeV range; < 350 keV for 10 MeV – 80 MeV rangeMeasured values: Absorbed dose: 10-5 – 101 GyAbsorbed dose rate: 10-6 – 10-1 Gy/hFlux of particles: 1 – 1000 particles·cm2/sTime resolution of absorbed dose and flux: 1 minTime resolution of ionization losses spectr: 1 hr

ExoMars: Project configuration2018

Exomars Rover with Pasteur payloadLanding Platform

Russian contribution: Two instruments onboard of the rover: Infrared spectrometer (ISEM) on the mast and neutron detector Adron-RM.

Scientific payload of the landing platform.

ExoMars: Rover 2018Russian Instruments

Name Description Prototype

ISEMInfrared spectrometer located on the rover mast. Mineralogical analysis of surface targets. Sample selection for the rover payload. Mass:1.2 kg.

MEX/Luna-Resurs

Adron-RMSearch for subsurface water along rover traverse. Coordinated operation with WISDOM radar.

Mass: 1.7 kgMSL

OB ISEM

HRCPanCam

EXOMARS 2018: Descent Scenario

EXOMARS 2018: landing module integrated with braking stage

Trail cover

Aerodynamic shield

Doppler radar

Breaking thruster

Aux thruster

Exhaust parachuteMain parachute

Petals

Feet

tanks Descent platform

Aerodynamic shield

Trail cover

Descent module

Parachute container

Rover

Feet

Solar panels

EXOMARS 2018: landing module in surface configuration

Exomars: landing platformPreliminary instrument selection

Instrument Mass Description

Robotic arm w sampling device 3 Sampling for GCMS, close-up camera, Mossbauer

Meteopackage 3 PTW-Hum measurements

Moessbauer spectrometer 0.5 Iron mineralogy (Germany)

PanCam 0.4 Surface panorama, atmosphere

Methane detector (F-P spectrometer) 2.3 Methane, minor gases.

GSMS Gas chromotographer 10 Composition, reactivity

Seismometer 9.1 Seismometry (France)

STEM (contact sensors) 0.8 Temperature, conductivity, etc

Lidar 1 Aerosol up to 5-10 km

Fourier-spectrometer 3.8 Minor constituents, boundary layer (2.5- 25 μm)

M-TDLAS (laser spectrometer) 0.5 Minor constituents, isotopic ratios locally

MARSES-MAIGRET (low-frequency radar, magnetometer 4 Water contents down to 100s of m, manetotelluric, etc

Neutron spectrometer 7.7 Subsurface water

MANAGA-TOF (atmospheric MS) 3.8 Atmosphere composition

Dust complex 4,5 Dust dynamics near the surface

Target mass of the science payload for the landing platform is ~50 kg. European contribution will be discussed once the level of resources available is confirmed. Preliminary list of scientific instruments:

ExoMars. 2016-2018.

Phobos-2 2020-2022.

Mars-Grunt. 2022-2024.

Possible further steps of a joint Roscosmos-ESA Mars Exploration programme

Phobos investigationJoint project proposal

There is an ESA proposed project for Phobos sample return (PHOOTPRINT) with a launch in 2022 and sample return in 2025.

Given high scientific value of Mars satellites exploration, existing Russian developments in a field of sample return from the surface of Phobos and ESA interest to such a project, it is suggested to study (can be done by existing working group) feasibility of a joint ESA-Roscosmos project on Phobos Exploration.

2020-2022 гг. – launch of a mission for landing on Phobos, in situ investigation of Phobos surface and sample return to the Earth.

The main scientific objective of Mars-Grunt project (which can be launched after 2022) is to provide science community with the samples from the Martian surface.

The sample return from the Mars is being discussed by leading space agencies. Taking into account the technological complexity of such a mission and the high value of scientific output, it’s realization is more probable as a part of international cooperation.

Another important outcome of this project will be a development of sample return technologies, which can be used during preparation of manned Mars exploration.

Mars-SR 2022-2024

Technological steps :Exomars Landing platform (2018)Moon sample return (2019-2020)Phobos sample return (2020-2022)