Rural Development AP Sch

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1. Introduction

2. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

3. Mid-day Meal Scheme

4. Integrated Child Development Services Scheme

5. Bharat Nirman

Rural Electrification

Rural Water Supply

Rural Housing

Rural Roads

Rural TelephonyIrrigation

6. National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme

7. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

8. National Rural Health Mission

9. Right to Information Act


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INTRODUCTION

The UPA Government, since it came to power in May 2004, has initiated a numberof welfare programmes to translate its promises to the people for socially just andinclusive growth. Certain ongoing programmes were consolidated or altered toincrease their efficiency and certain new programmes were initiated in importantareas like employment, health, education, rural infrastructure, urban renewal and

provi ding peopl e a legal framework for the Right to Information.

The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan , which is an ongoing programme for universalisation of

elementary education, was consolidated by providing additional financial allocationsand creation of a dedicated Prathmik Shiksha Kosh through a 2% cess introducedfor the first time. The provision of cooked mid-day meal was universalised. This is

provi ng very successful by ra is ing both enrolment and retent ion ra tes.

In the area of healthcare, a major architectural correction was made throughthe National Rural Health Mission to move from vertical disease management

programmes to comprehensive heal thcare . Thi s has been ach ieved through an inter-sectoral district health plan, which provides for a community health activist in eachvillage, untied funds to all sub-health centres and improvement of infrastructure andstandards in rural hospitals.

The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission represents the first effortof its kind where Government of India is intervening in a major way to improvingthe quality of living in the cities. It focuses on improving urban infrastructure,governance and services to the urban poor. Comprehensive city development plansare prepared and funded under this Mission.

Bharat Nirman has been a major initiative conceived as a time-bound plan for ruralinfrastructure. It seeks to provide electricity to all remaining villages, drinking watersupply to all uncovered and slipped-back habitations, connect all habitations with a

population of 1000 (500 in hi lly and tr ibal areas ) wi th an al l-weather road, createadditional irrigation capacity of 1 crore hectares, build 60 lakh houses for the rural

poor and cover every vi ll age wi th a te lephone. Progress under Bharat Nirman is being monitored on a regular bas is and the performance so far shows that in some ofthe above goals, targets have been exceeded.

The NREGA provides a legal guarantee for 100 days of work to rural households.The programme now covers all rural districts of the country. It is the first such


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effort in the world to provide legal guarantee for a Right to Work and the programmeis being keenly watched by development observers all over the world. Over threecrore people have received employment under the programme during the year2007-08.

To consolidate democracy and ensure the rights of citizens, a Right to Information

Act was passed in 2005. This Act is being used actively by the citizens, leading togreater transparency and accountability in public life.

As the outcomes of the flagship programmes consolidate over the next few years, anew era of equalising and socially inclusive growth would become a reality, a keycommitment of the UPA Government.


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2. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is the national flagship programme to achieve universal

elementary education in a mission mode. The goals of SSA are: all 6-14 age childrenin school/EGS (Education Guarantee Scheme); bridge all gender and social categorygaps at primary stage and at elementary education level by 2010; universal retention

by 2010; and focus on elementary educat ion of satisfactory qual ity wi th emphasi s oneducation for life. SSA has a funding pattern of 75:25 between the Centre and theStates, during the X Plan period.

Andhra Pradesh

Area 2,75,069 sq km

Population 7,62,10,007

Capital Hyderabad

Principal Languages Telugu and Urdu


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(In lakh)Year GOI Releases Expenditure incurred (Central share, State share and opening balances)

2007-08 Rs. 18,100.00 -

Targets Achievements No. of teachers recruited 37,933 37, 933Civil Works

Primary school buildings 7,246 Completed and 7,254 in progress

Upper Primary 1,943 Completed and 1,809school buildings in progress

Additional classrooms 34,903 Completed and 28,595 in progress

Progress under SSA (up to 30-09-2007) in Andhra Pradesh

Sl. Item Cumulative targets Cumulative AchievementsNo Including 2007-08 (Up to 30.09.2007)

1. Construction of 2,16,237 Completed and 1,84,536

school buildings In progress (85.33%)2. Construction of 8,12,738 Completed and 7,56,030 additional class rooms In progress (93.02%)

3. Dri nking water facilities 1,89,413 Completed and 1,75,413 In progress (92.60%)

4. Construction of Toilets 2,43,025 Completed and 2,21,851 In progress (91.28%)

5. Supply of Free 6.91 crore Supplied 6.53 crore Text books (Annual) (94%)

6. Appointment of 11.34 lakh Completed 8.81(lakh) Teachers (77.68%)

7. Training of Teachers 35,39,559 Completed 19,14,575 (20 days) (Annual) (54.09%)

Progress against key input targets of SSA (all-India)


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Largestschoolnutritionalprogrammein the worldcoveringnearly12 crorechildren

3. Mid-day Meal Scheme

National Programme of Nutr it ional Suppor t to Pr imary Educa tion (commonly knownas Mid-day Meal Scheme) today is the largest school nutritional programme in theworld covering nearly 12 crore children in more than 9.5 lakh primary schools/

Education Guarantee Scheme(EGS)/Alternative and Innovative Education (AIE)centres. The Scheme provides a hot cooked meal of a minimum 300 calories and 8-12gms of protein.

This scheme was revised with effect from September, 2004. Dry rations werereplaced with a cooked nourishing school meal, funded mainly by the CentralGovernment. Central assistance is provided to States/UTs for the followingcomponents:

i) Free food grains of 100 gms. (Rice/wheat) per child per school day

ii) Cooking Assistance @ Re. 1/- per child, per school day

iii) Reimbursement of transportation cost @ Rs. 75 per Quintal,

iv) Assistance for Management, Monitoring and Evaluation @ 1.8% of (i) to(iii).

From October 2007, the scheme has been extended to children studying in classes VIto VIII in 3,479 educationally backward blocks (EBBs) in the country. From 2008-09,the programme will cover all children studying at upper primary stage in all areas


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across the country. During the year 2008-09, 9.7 crore children at primary stageand 4.20 crore children at upper primary stage are expected to be covered under the

programme.

The Scheme, in its first year of implementation, has led to thefollowing positive outcomes: -

Elimination of classroom hunger.Increase in enrollment, more significantly of girls.Surge in daily attendance, particularly of girls and children from poorersections.

Improvement in retention, learning ability and achievement.Curbing of teacher absenteeism.

Narrowing of soc ia l distance.A rallying point for parents involvement in governance of schools.

In a new path-breaking initiative, it has been decided to empower mothers of 12crore school children covered under the scheme to supervise the preparation andserving of the meal. Mothers are being encouraged to come forward and take turnto supervise the feeding of the children, thus ensuring regularity and quality ofthe meal. This initiative is aimed at giving mothers a voice and a role and greaterownership of the programme. States have been requested to launch a concertedcampaign for mass mobilisation of mothers.

Progress in Andhra Pradesh

Beside the Primary level, Mid-Day Meal programme was introduced in the UpperPrimary schools in 3,479 Educational Backward Bloc ks (EBBs) w.e.f. October 1, 2007.

(Rs. in lakh)

Sl. No. Component Allocation Released

Primary

1 No. of Children 54,29,735

2 Foodgrains allocation 1,15,110.38 Lifting upto (100 gms/ child/ day in MTs) 31.12.2007, 83,205.00

3 Cooking Cost 17,266.56 14,375.72* (Rs.1.50 per child/day)

4 MME 427.67 414.54*5 Transport Subsidy -- 673.67

6 Kitchen Sheds 11,607.00 11,607.00 (19345 units@Rs. 60,000)

7 Kitchen devices 14856 742.80 742.80 schools @Rs. 5000/school


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In Andhra Pradesh, 737 EBBs (mandals) were covered in the first instance. From theacademic year 2008-09, it will be introduced in all the Upper Primary schools.

In Andhra Pradesh, the unit cost of meal is Rs. 2.25, including Central assistance aswell as State share towards cooking cost.

4. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) SchemeThe Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme today is the Worldslargest Programme aimed at enhancing the health, nutrition and learning opportunitiesof infants, young children (0-6 years) and their mothers. It is the foremost symbol ofIndias commitment to its children Indias response to the challenge of providing

pre schoo l education on one hand and breaking the vicious cycle of mal nutr it ion,mortality, and morbidity, on the other.

The Scheme provides an integrated approach for converging basic services throughcommunity-based honorary workers, viz. Anganwadi Workers and Helpers. Theservices are provided at a centre called the Anganwadi which literally meansa courtyard play centre, a childcare centre located within the village itself. The

packages of services provided are:

supplementary nutrition,

immunisation,

health check-up,

referral services,

pre-school non-formal education andnutrition & health education

It is a Centrally sponsored scheme implemented through the State governmentswith 100 per cent financial assistance from the Central Government for all inputsother than supplementary nutrition which the States were to provide from their ownresources. However, from the year 2005-06, the Government of India has decided

WorldslargestProgrammeaimed atenhancingthe health,nutritionand learningopportunitiesof infants,

youngchildren(0-6 years)and theirmothers.

Upper Primary

1 No. of EBBs 737

2 No. of Children 14,51,440

3 Foodgrains allocation 27,649.93 Lifting Figures

(150 gms/child/day in MTs) Not Available4 Cooking Cost 3,686.66 3,686.66 (Rs.2.00 per child/day)

5 Kitchen Sheds 8,389.80 8,389.80 (13983 units @ Rs. 60,000)

6 Kitchen Devices 699.15 699.15 (13983 schools @ Rs. 5,000)

* Released after adjusting unspent balance as on 31.03.2007.


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to provide Central assistance to States for supplementary nutrition also to the extentof 50% of the actual expenditure incurred by States or 50% of the cost norms,whichever is less.

The Governments emphasis has been on integrated and holistic development ofchildren, as far as the two basic elements of human resource development, i.e. health

and education, are concerned. As development has several inter-related dimensions physical , cogni tive, social , emot ional and psychol ogical, therefore, a synerg is ti capproach to the implementation of the Scheme becomes inevitable.

Needless to say, learning occurs in all these areas and influences others , al l of whichdevelop simultaneously. The Scheme, therefore, envisages inter-sectoral convergenceof various services, viz. nutrition, health and education through the AnganwadiCentres. The services are delivered through different Departments converging at theAnganwadi Centre. The Departments include Health, Rural Development, DrinkingWater Supply, Panchayati Raj Institutions etc. These works are in synchronisationwith each other.

Expansion of ICDS Scheme

Implementation of ICDS Scheme in X Plan was limited to 5,652 Projects which weresanctioned in IX plan. However, to fulfil its commitments contained in the NationalCommon Minimum Programme (NCMP) to universalise the Scheme, the Government,in 2005-06, has approved expansion of the ICDS Scheme to 467 additional projectsand 1.88 lakh additional Anganwadi Centres. The expansion of the Scheme isestimated to cost an additional sum of Rs. 476.00 crore per annum.

Kishori Shakti Yojana, which was in operational only in 2000 Blocks, has beenexpanded in the fiscal year 2004-05, to cover all 6,113 ICDS Blocks with additionalfinancial implication of about Rs. 45.30 crore per annum.

Below Poverty Line (BPL) is no longer a criteria for selection of beneficiaries ofsupplementary nutrition under the ICDS Scheme.

There has been significant progress in the implementation of ICDS Scheme both interms of increase in number of operational projects and Anganwadi Centres (AWCs)and coverage of beneficiaries as indicated below:

No. of No. of No. of No. of operational operational beneficiaries of pre-school projects AWCs Supplementary education nutrition beneficiaries

31.03.2005 5,422 7,06,872 - -

31.03.2006 5,659 7,48,229 - -

31.03.2007 5,829 8,44,743 - -

30.09.2007 5,959 9,37,434 76168672 3,08,13,791


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In AndhraPradesh,

376 ICDSProjects

and 65,983Anganwadi

Centers

Implementation of ICDS Scheme in Andhra Pradesh

In Andhra Pradesh, 376 ICDS Projects and 65,983 Anganwadi Centers (AWCs) werein operation as on 30th September 2007. In all, 37,48,524 children up to 6 years and9,44,129 mothers were getting the benefits of the programme.

5. Bharat Nirman

The Government has launched Bharat Nirman programe as a four year plan to buildinfrastructure in rural areas with identified physical targets for completion by 2009.The estimate of total expenditure for the Bharat Nirman has been assessed as aboutRs.1,76,000 crore. Bharat Nirman has six components, viz. Irrigation, Roads, WaterSupply, Housing, Rural electrification and Rural telecom connectivity. In each ofthese areas targets to be achieved by 2009 are:

1. To bring additional one crore hectares under assured irrigation.

2. To connect all villages those have a population of one thousand (or 500 in

hilly/tribal areas) with road.3. To construct sixty lakh additional houses for the poor.

4. To provide drinking water to the remaining 74 thousand habitations thoseare uncovered.

5. To reach electricity to the remaining 1,25,000 villages and offer electricityconnections to 2.3 crore households, and

6. To give telephone connectivity to the remaining 66,822 villages.

The details of names of schemes under which the respective Ministries assist theStates are as below. The schemes are formulated and are being implemented throughthe States by the respective Ministries.

Rural infrastructure Name of scheme under which States are assistedarea and Ministry concerned

1. Irrigation Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme-Ministry of Water Resources

2. Roads Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana - Ministry of Rural Development

3. Housing Indian Awaas Yojana-Ministry of Rural Development

4. Drinking water Accelerated rural water Supply Programme-including

water quality Department of Drinking Water Supply, Ministry of Rural Development

5. Electrification Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana-Ministry of Power

6. Telephone Universal Service Obligation fund connectivity Ministry of Communication

Totalexpenditurefor theBharat

Nirmanhas beenassessedas aboutRs.1,76,000crore.


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5.1 Rural Electrification

Electricity has become one of the basic human needs. Rural Electrification is,therefore, a vital programme for socio-economic development of rural areas. TheMinistry of Power has introduced the scheme Rajiv Gandhi Grameen VidyutikaranYojana (RGGVY) in April 2005, which aims at providing electricity in all villages

and habitations in five years and access to electricity to all rural households. This programme has been brought under the ambi t of Bharat Nirman.


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Goal

The goal is to provide electricity to remaining 1,25,000 un-electrified villages (as per2001 Census) by 2009 through the programme instrument of Rajiv Gandhi GrameenVidyutikaran Yojana. In addition it will also provide 23 million households withelectricity.

Components of infrastructure

To be able to achieve this objective, Rural Electricity Distribution Backbone with atleast a 33/11 KV sub-station would be set up in each block, at least one DistributionTransformer in each habitation of every village or hamlet as Village ElectrificationInfrastructure, Stand-alone grid with generation where grid supply is not feasible.

Finances

90% capital subsidy will be provided for overall cost of the projects under

the scheme. The capital subsidy for eligible projects will be through theRural Electrification Corporation Limited, which will be the nodal agency.

Electrification of un-electrified Below Poverty Line (BPL) households is being financed wi th 100% capita l subsi dy @ Rs.1500/- per connection in al lrural habitations.

Others will be paying for the connections at prescribed connection chargesand no subsidy will be made available.

Prioritisation

For creation of village electrification infrastructure, first priority will be given toun-electrified villages. Preference for electrification will be given to Dalit Bastis,Tribal settlements and habitations of weaker sections.

Status of Rural Electrification (All India)

Under Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana,. 9,819 villages were coveredin the year 2005-06, as against physical target of 10, 366 villages. In all 33, 179households were covered upto March 2006 under the programme, of which 16815were from Below Poverty Line (BPL) households. During 2007-08 (up to January2008) electrification of 7,077 villages and release of connections to 12 lakh BPLhouseholds has been achieved. Cumulatively, since the introduction of the schemetill end January 2008, the achievement is electrification of 45,602 villages andrelease of electric connections to 18.7 lakh BPL households.


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Status of Rural Electrification in Andhra Pradesh

The total number of inhabited villages, as per 2001 census in Andhra Pradesh, is26,613 while the total number of villages electrified so far is 26,565. . All thefeasible villages in the State have been electrified..8,05,129 BPL households in theState have been electrified up to January 2008.

5.2 Rural Water Supply

The goal under Bharat Nirman Project was to provide every habitation with safedrinking water - 55,067 uncovered habitations to be covered by 2009. In addition,all habitations which have slipped back from full coverage to partial coverage dueto failure of source and habitations which have water quality problems are to beaddressed. The Ministry of Rural Development is responsible for meeting this goal in

partnership wi th State government s.

The Ministry of Rural Development, Department of Drinking Water Supply, isresponsible for meeting this goal in partnership with State governments. The

programme inst rument of the Government of India is a Centra lly Sponsored Schemeof Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme under implementation since 1972-73,which is funded on a 50% matching share basis between the Government of India andthe State governments. Since 1972, over 37 lakh hand pumps and 1.5 lakh pipe watersupply systems have been set up to provide safe water to over 15 lakh habitations inthe country at a cost of over Rs.50,000 crore.


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Year Habitati ons covered

Target Achieve ment2005-06 2,974 3,294

2006-07 3,957 5,198

2007-08 (upto 10,094 5,450

December 2007) (provisional)

Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme

The Central Government supplements the efforts of the State by providing assistanceunder this programme for providing drinking water to all. Powers have beendelegated to the States to plan, sanction and implement the schemes. Apart fromthe 55,067 villages, 2.8 lakh villages which have been estimated by the Planning

Commission as slipped-back villages would also be covered under this programme.Factors like lowering of underground water table and sources of water becomingquality affected, are cited as reasons for the slipping back of villages. Specialinitiatives are also under way for coverage of rural schools with drinking watersupply. During the last three years, up to December 2007, a total of 2,89,727habitations have been covered.

Implementation of the Scheme in Andhra Pradesh

5.3 Rural Housing

The Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) addresses housing shortage as an importantcomponent of poverty alleviation in rural India. The Bharat Nirman Programme hasrecognised and accorded due priority to the need to end shelterlessness and it isenvisaged to construct 60 lakh houses over the next four years across the country,starting from 14.41 lakh houses in 2005-06. The 2001 census places rural housingshortage figures at 148 lakh. The Ministry of Rural Development, through IAY,undertakes housing to rural poor as a Centrally sponsored scheme where the costis shared between the Centre and States on a 75:25 basis. Greater emphasis is laidto the States with higher incidence of shelterlessness. 75% weightage is given tohousing shortage and 25% weightage to the poverty ratios prescribed by the PlanningCommission for State-level allocations. For district-level allocations, 75 % weightageis given again to housing shortage and 25 % to SC/ST component of the population.Grant assistance is provided to the extent of Rs. 25,000 per house for normal areasand Rs. 27,500 for hilly areas. Funds are released in two instalments.

The implementation guidelines of the scheme specifically target the rural below poverty line (BPL) households. The sel ection of beneficiar ies is done by therespective Gram Sabha from the BPL list. The house allotment would be in thename of the female members of the family. While seeking to empower the rural


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women, the scheme also provides a quota for physically and mentally challenged persons, ex-servicemen, widows and fr eed bonded labourers. The lo t of the rura lunderprivileged is sought to be alleviated by the provision that at least 60% of the

beneficiaries should belong to the SC/ST communit ies. The IAY scheme also laysemphasis on individual sanitation and health by incorporating the cost of a sanitarylatrine and smokeless chulha into the grant.

During the last three years, as against the target of 60 lakh, 4,274,840 houses wereconstructed up to January 2008.

Though Panchayati Raj Institutions are implementing the scheme, freedom is givento the individuals on the choice of the design. Rural housing is a business plandesigned to substantially augment the rural infrastructure base of the country.

In order to facilitate immediate relief to the victims of calamities, the DistrictCollectors/District Magistrates/Deputy Commissioners at the district level have beenauthorised to utilise from the district allocation of IAY (including State share) orfrom their own resources and render assistance to the victims in the construction ofhouses damaged due to fire, riots and arson, as per IAY norms. The amount spent

by the DRDA will be re imbursed (Central share) by the Ministry af ter submission ofrequisite documents, from the funds kept under 5% IAY meant for natural calamities.

Initiatives have been taken for the preparation of a Permanent IAY Waitlist of beneficiaries, which wi ll be displ ayed at a prominent place in eve ry Gram Panchayat .Hence, the selection process will now be more transparent. It is expected thatthis measure will end any arbitrariness or malpractices in the selection process of

beneficiaries.


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Year No. of Houses Constru cted

Target Achieve ment

2005-06 13,0130 1,32,521

2006-07 1,38,342 1,46,410

2007-08(up to 1,92,148 1,22,373

December 2007)

Implementation of IAY Scheme in Andhra Pradesh

5.4 Rural Roads

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)

Rural Roads have been identified as one of the six components of Bharat Nirman

with the goal to provide connectivity to all habitations with a population of 1000 persons and above (500 persons and above in the case of hi lly or tr ibal areas) wi than all-weather road by 2009. A total of 66,802 habitations were proposed to be

covered under rural roads component of Bharat Nirman by 2009. Based on ground

verification by States, 62,878 habitations were found eligible to be connected underthe programme, out of which 3417 habitations have been connected under otherschemes. Thus, the revised target is to connect 59,461 habitations under the ruralroads component of Bharat Nirman. During the period 2005-09, construction of1,46,185 kms, of rural roads (new connectivity) is targeted. In addition to newconnectivity, the programme envisages upgradation of 1,94,130 kms, of existing rural


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roads to provide full farm to market connectivity. Of this 60% length is to befunded by the Central Government and the remaining 40% length is to be coveredunder renewal by the States as part of maintenance. Up to January 2008, 18,249habitations have been connected under the programme and projects for connecting20,602 habitations are at different stages of completion.

Implementation of the scheme in Andhra Pradesh

Up to January 2008, 4,077.06 kms of rural roads have been upgraded in theState while 1,031.13 kms of rural roads have been laid under new connectivity,connecting 15 habitations.

5.5 Rural Telephony

Telecom connectivity has a crucial role to play in building the infrastructure for amodern India. To bridge the vast digital divide between rural and urban areas, theconcept of Universal Service Obligation has been enunciated to provide access to

basic te lecommunication services to people in rura l and remote areas at aff ordab leand reasonable prices. Under the Bharat Nirman Programme, 52,464 villages werecovered against the target of 66,822 up to January 2008. Villagers in these villageswill have access to telephone facility at an affordable price enabling them to connectto the rest of the world through the telecom network. Provision of communicationfacilities shall pave the way for the economic development of the village and offernew opportunities of growth.

Benefits from the programme

Villagers in these 66,822 villages will have access to telephone facility

at an affordable price enabling them to connect to the rest of the worldthrough the telecom network.

Provision of communication facilities shall pave the way for theeconomic development of the village and offer new opportunities ofgrowth.


Against a target of providing 1,074 villages with VPTs, 652 villages have been provided wi th the sys tem up to December 2007.

5.6 IrrigationGoal: 10 million hectares (100 lakh) of additional irrigation capacity to be created

by 2009. The Minist ry of Water Resources in col labor at ion with State governmentsis responsible for creation of additional 10 million hectares of irrigation capacity bythe year 2009 through major, medium and minor irrigation projects complemented byground water development.


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Current Status: The ultimate irrigation potential for the country has been estimatedas 139.88 million hectare (Mha) which include potential through major and mediumirrigation projects (58.46 Mha), surface water based minor irrigation schemes (17.42Mha) and ground water development (64.00 Mha). So far, the irrigation potential of3,927 thousand hectares has been created.

Major and Medium Irrigation (MMI) Projects

For the country as a whole, 66% of the ultimate irrigation potential of major &medium projects has been created. 388 Major and Medium irrigation projects, whichwere taken up prior to or during the IX Plan, are still ongoing which would result increation of 12.1 Mha of additional irrigation potential. In addition, the States have

proposed 204 Major and Medium project s during X Plan and the pot enti al li kely to be creat ed is of the order of 4.99 Mha.

The total number of major/medium projects assisted under Accelerated IrrigationBenefits Programme (AIBP) up to 31st December, 2007 is 233. In all, 7,882 Surface

Water Minor irrigation schemes have also been included for assistance under AIBP.During 2006-07, 29 major/medium projects and 512 Surface Water MI schemeswere completed. During the current financial year, 12 major/medium projects/

project components have been completed. So far, 91 major/medium and 4,605 minorirrigation schemes have been completed with the AIBP assistance. The potentialtargeted for 2006-07 was 9.00 lakh ha against which a potential of 9.36 lakh ha has

been created.


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Minor Irrigation Schemes

There is considerable variation in creation of irrigation potential through minorirrigation (both surface and ground water) schemes from State to State. Whilefull potential through minor irrigation has been tapped in some of the States, it isrelatively very low in others.

Minor Irrigation through surface water covers water sources (tanks and smallreservoirs) with a culturable command area (CCA) of less than 2000 ha. About 70%of the ultimate potential through surface water based minor irrigation schemes hassince been created. The Report of the National Commission for Integrated WaterResources Development points out that the carrying capacity of tanks has decreasedover time for a variety of reasons and that the restoration and renovation of tanksand other local sources is a priority task.

Since 2004-05, a scheme for Repair, Renovation and Restoration of Water Bodiesdirectly linked to Agriculture has been taken up as a State Sector Scheme. The

Pilot Scheme is being implemented in selected 16 districts of the country throughDistrict-Level Implementation Committee with active community participation. Themain objectives of the scheme are to restore and augment the storage capacities ofwater bodies and to recover and extend their lost irrigation potential.

Ground Water Development

From the surveys conducted for estimation of availability and status of ground water,the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) has identified areas that are over-exploited(where exploitation is more than natural recharge of ground water) and areas that arecritical or dark (where draft is between 70% to 100% of the natural recharge of


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ground water). A survey indicates that out of 7,414 identified units (blocks/talukas /watershed), 471 are Overexploited and 318 are Critical or Dark units. Thus lessthan 11% of the total units fall under the category of over-exploited and critical.The ultimate irrigation potential to be created is based on the assessed replenishablegroundwater after duly accounting for the domestic and industrial uses (about 10%).It has been assessed that ground water is still available for utilisation in many partsof the country, particularly in the eastern parts of the country, Madhya Pradesh andChhattisgarh and in specific pockets of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtraand Jammu & Kashmir. In Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu,the rechargeable quantum of ground water has been exceeded and mining of staticreserves has commenced. This reinforces the need to take urgent steps to increaserecharge and conservation.


In the State of Andhra Pradesh, the overall target under Bharat Nirman for majorand medium irrigation projects is 441.27 thousand hectares, and for minor irrigation

projects is 1,125.23 thousand hectares, thus to ta ling to 1,566 .5 thousand hectares.Till September 2007, 302.07 thousand hectares of irrigation potential has beenachieved.

6. National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme

It is a path-breaking initiative to provide legal guarantee to work and to transformthe geography of poverty. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)2005 envisages securing the livelihood of people in rural areas by guaranteeing 100days of employment in a financial year to a rural household. The Act provides asocial safety net for the vulnerable households and an opportunity to combine growthwith equity. In the first phase of implementation, 200 districts are to be covered. This

Sl. No. Component Target

I Completion of ongoing Major & Medium Irrigation Projects 4.2Mha

II Minor irrigation schemes 2.8Mha Surface water 1.0Mha

Ground water 1.8Mha

III Enhancing utilisation of completed projects 2.0Mha

ERM of major and medium projects 1.0Mha

Repair, renovation and restoration of 1.0Mha water bodies/ERM of minor irrigation schemes

IV Ground water development in area with unutilised 1.0Mha ground water potential (for benefit of small & marginal farmers and Tribals & Dalits)

Targets under Bharat Nirman

302.07thousandhectares ofirrigationpotentialhas beenachieved.


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programme was launched on Februar y 2, 2006. Additional 130 dist ricts were broughtunder NREGA during 2007-08 in its second phase making a total of 330 districts

under the act. The remaining districts where NREGA will come into force w.e.f.1 st April 2008 have been notified on 28th September 2007. As such the statutory

provision of the Act to cover the enti re country with in five yea rs of it s not if icat ionhas been fulfilled. The main provisions of the Act are:

1. Employment to be given within 15 days of application for work

2. If employment is not provided within 15 days, daily unemploymentallowance in cash has to be paid.

3. Employment within 5 km radius, else extra wages to be paid.

4. At least one-third beneficiaries have to be women.

5. Gram Sabha will recommend works.

6. Gram Panchayat to execute at least 50 per cent of works.

7. PRIs have a principal role in planning and implementation.

8. Transparency, accountability and social audit would be ensured throughinstitutional mechanism at all levels.


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Employment demanded by households 38.17 lakh

Employment provided to households 38.17 lakh

Persondays (in lakh)

Total 1,265.8

SCs 356.1 (28.13%)

STs 158.56 (12.53%)

Women 715.98 (56.56%)

Others 751.14 (59.34%)

Total fund Rs.2,109.32 crore

Expenditure Rs.1,336.31 crore

Total works taken up 4,25,196

Works completed 64,084

Works in progress 3,61,112

9. Grievance redressal mechanism to be put in place for ensuring a responsiveimplementation.

NREGA marks a par adigm shif t from all earl ier and existing wage employment progr ammes because it is an Act and not just a scheme. It provides a legal guaranteeto work.

The rural households in the notified districts will have the right to registerthemselves with the local gram panchayat as persons interested in gettingemployment under the Act. The Gram Panchayat upon verification will register thehousehold and issue a job card which is a legal document entitling a person to askfor work under the Act.

An amount of Rs.9,10,573.72 lakh has been spent for the implementation of NREGAduring 2007-08 up to December 2007. The ongoing programmes of SampoornaGrameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) and National Food For Work Programme (NFFWP)would be subsumed with NREGA in the identified districts. The Act is a very bold

step of the Government to efface poverty from rural India and flourish in the era ofliberalisation and globalisation.

NREGA Status In Andhra Pradesh

19 districts in the State have been identified for implementing this programme

7. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

The aim of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) is toencourage reforms and fast track planned development of identified cities. Focus is to


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be on eff ic iency in urban infrast ructure and service delivery mechanisms, communi ty part ic ipation, and accountabi li ty of Urban Local Bodies/Parastata l agenc ies towar dscitizens.

JNNURM was formally launched on 3rd December, 2005.

Objectives of the Mission Focused attention to integrated development of infrastructure services incities covered under the Mission

Establishment of linkages between asset-creation and asset-managementthrough a slew of reforms for long-term project sustainability

Ensuring adequate funds to meet the deficiencies in urban infrastructureservices

Planned development of identified cities including peri-urban areas,outgrowths and urban corridors leading to dispersed urbaniszation

Scale-up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasison universal access to the urban poor

Special focus on urban renewal programme for the old city areas to reducecongestion Provision of basic services to the urban poor including security of tenureat affordable prices, improved housing, water supply and sanitation, andensuring delivery of other existing universal services of the government foreducation, health and social security.


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The Mission has two Sub-Missions

Sub-Mission for Urban Infrastructure and Governance mainly focuses oninfrastructure projects relating to water supply and sanitation, sewerage, solid wastemanagement, road network, urban transport and redevelopment of old city areaswith a view to upgrading infrastructure therein, shifting industrial and commercial

establishments to conforming areas, etc.

Sub-Mission for Basic Services to the Urban Poor mainly focuses on integrateddevelopment of slums through projects for providing shelter, basic services and otherrelated civic amenities with a view to providing utilities to the urban poor.

The duration of the Mission would be seven years beginning from the year 2005-06.

Expected Outcomes of the JNNURM

On completion of the Mission period, it is expected that Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)and parastatal agencies will have achieved:

Modern and transparent budgeting, accounting, financial managementsystems, designed and adopted for all urban service and governancefunctions

City-wide framework for planning and governance will be established and becom e ope rational

All urban residents will be able to obtain access to a basic level of urbanservices

Financially self-sustaining agencies for urban governance and servicedelivery will be established, through reforms to major revenue instruments

Local services and governance will be conducted in a manner that istransparent and accountable to citizens E-governance applications will be introduced in core functions of ULBs/Parastatal resulting in reduced cost and time of service delivery processes.


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Progress under Basic Services to the Urban Poor(BSUP) andIntegrated Houses and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP)

Progress of JNNURM in Andhra Pradesh

Hyderabad, Vijaywada and Vishakhapatnam are included in the mission cities. Anapproved outlay of Rs. 750.00 crore has been provided to the State for 2007-08.

8 . National Rural Health Mission

Goals and Strategy

S.No Items Cumulative (up to 31.01.2008) from 2005-06

BSUP IHSDP

1. Number of projects approved 237 373

2. Total project cost. Rs.16,133.94 Rs. 3,543.47 crore crore

3. Number of DUs approved for 7,36,454 2,34,173 construction/upgradation of houses

4. Number of States/UTs covered 28 21

5. Number of cities covered 54 350

6. Central Share released. Rs.1,621.59 Rs.1,033.94

crore crore


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The National Rural Health Mission launched in April, 2005 aims to provideaccessible, affordable and accountable quality health services to the rural poor. Theobjectives of the Mission include reduction in child and maternal mortality, universalaccess to public health care services, prevention and control of communicable andnon-communicable diseases, population stabilisation, revitalisation of local healthtraditions, mainstreaming AYUSH and promotion of healthy life style.

The thrust of the Mission is on establishing a fully functional, community owned,decentralized health delivery system with inter-sectoral convergence at all levels.From the disease centric approach, the NRHM attempts to shift the focus to afunctional health system.

The targets set to be achieved under the NRHM by the end of theMission i.e. 2012 are as follows:

IMR to be reduced to 30/1000 live births.Maternal Mortality to be reduced to 100/100,000 births.

TFR reduced to 2.1.Malaria Mortality Reduction Rate 50% upto 2010 , additional 10% by2012.

Kala Azar Mortality Reduction Rate 100% by 2010 and sustainingelimination until 2012.

Filaria/ Microfilaria Reduction Rate 70% by 2010, 80% by 2012 andelimination by 2015.

Dengue mortality reduction rate 50 % by 2010 and sustaining at that leveluntil 2012.

Cataract operations increasing to 46 lakh.

Leprosy Prevalence Rate to reduce from 1.0 per 10,000 in 2005 to less then 1 per 10.000 thereafter. Tuberculosis DOTS series maintain 85% cure rate through entire Mission

period and also sus ta in planned case detection ra te.

Upgrading all Community Health Centres to Indian Public Health Standards.Increase utilisation of First Referral Units from bed occupancy by referredcases of less than 20% to over 75%.

Engaging 4,00,000 female Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs).

NRHM Progress

ASHA

Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) will be the first port of call for anyhealth-related demands of deprived sections of the population, especially women andchildren, who find it difficult to access health services. She will be a health activistin the community who will create awareness on health and its social determinants and


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mobilize the community towards local health planning and increased utilisation andaccountability of the existing health services.

By December 2007, 5.48 lakh ASHAs/link Workers have been selected and over 4.62lakh trained. Rogi Kalyan Samitis have been established in 551 District Hospitals,4,066 Community Health Centres/Sub-divisional Hospital and in 12,983 Primary

Health Centres.

Community Health Centres (CHC)

The Community Health Centre is required to act primarily as a referral centre (forneighboring primary health centres) for the patients required specialised health careservices.

In response to the target of 1,177 CHCs where facility surveys were to be undertakenthe achievements have exceeded the targets and surveys have been completed in2,335 CHCs. Upgradation work have commenced in 1,161 CHCs and completed in

441 CHCs.

District Action Plans

The target of preparation of District Health Action Plan have exceeded the targetsand stands at 509 against the target of 483. As many as 2044 PHCs have also beenoperationalised on round the clock basis.

Janani Suraksha Yojana

JSY was launched all over the country to promote safe delivery and the numberof beneficiaries is 39,48, 291 during 2007-08.. Incentive for Below Poverty Linefamilies of Rs. 1300 for safe delivery in EAG States, Assam and J & K and Rs. 1000in all other States.


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Progress of NRHM in Andhra Pradesh

No. of ASHAs selected -8 ,500VHSC constituted 21,916Out of 1570 PHCs , 1320 PHCs are working round the clockRogi kalyan Samiti 1,658

Beneficiaries of JSY - 6,70,000

9. Right to Information Act (RTI)

With the objective of bringing Transparency and Accountability in the working ofevery public authority, UPA Government enacted this Right to Information Act(RTI)-2005. This act aims at setting up a practical regime for citizens to secureaccess to information from Public Authorities, in order to promote openness,transparency and accountability.

This Act says: Democracy requires an informed citizenry and transparency of

information which are vital to its functioning and also to contain corruption and tohold Government and their instrumentalities accountable to the governed.

In his speech on 11th May 2005 in the Parliament, the Prime Minister, Dr. ManmohanSingh has clearly articulated the spirit behind this Act: I believe that the passageof this Bill will see the dawn of a new era in our processes of governance, an eraof performance and efficiency, an era which will ensure that benefits of growth flowto all sections of our people, an era which will eliminate the scourge of corruption,an era which will bring the common mans concern to the heart of all processes ofgovernance, an era which will truly fulfill the hopes of the founding fathers of ourRepublic.


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(B) Implementation position of RTI at Centre and States level

All the Ministries and Department of the Central Government have designated theirCentral Public Information Officers.

Composition of the Central Information Commission

As per the Right to Information Act, 2005, the Gazette Notificationconstituting the Central Information Commission (CIC) was issued on 11thOctober, 2005. The CIC has been constituted for second appeal, inquiry intoa complaint etc. and it will exercise its powers autonomously without beingsubject to directions by any other authority.

The website of the Central Information Commissioner is http://cic.gov.in/Union Territories come under the ambit of Central Information Commission.Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha have also appointed their Public InformationOfficer under the RTI Act.

Capacity Building for Access to Information Project

The Government of India, in a joint initiative with the Department of Personnel &Training (DoPT) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), has started aCapacity Building for Access to Information Project, which aims to build capacityfor effective implementation of the RTI Act 2005. It takes a comprehensive approachin pursuit of increased access to information for improved governance.

Salient features of RTI Act

RTI Act came into effect from October 12, 2005

Jurisdiction

The Act covers all Public Authorities, which means: Any authority or body orinstitution of self- government established or constituted

by or under the Consti tution; by any other law made by Parl iament ; by any other law made by State Leg is lature ; by noti fication issued or order made by the appropr iate Government , andincludes any

body owned , controll ed or substantial ly financed;non-Government organisation substantially financed, directly or indirectly


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Who is Excluded

Central Intelligence Agencies and security agencies specified in the Secondschedule are exempted from the Act. Similar agencies notified by the Stategovernments will also be excluded from the Acts purview.

However, information relating to corruption and human rights violation isnot exempted from disclosure.

Right to Information means right to -

Inspect works, documents, and records.Take notes, extracts or certified copies of documents or records.Take certified samples of material.Obtain information in form of printouts, diskettes, floppies, tapes, videocassettes or in any other electronic mode or through printouts.

The RTI Act- Processes:Application to be submitted in writing or electronically, with prescribed fee,

to Public Information Officer (PIO). Envisages PIO in each department/agency to receive requests and provideinformation. Assistant PIO at sub-district levels to receive applications/appeals/ complaints. Forward to appropriate PIO. These will be existingofficers.

Information to be provided within 30 days. 48 hours where life or liberty isinvolved. 35 days where request is given to Asst. PIO, 40 days where third

party is involved and 45 days for human rights violat ion information fromlisted security/ intelligence agencies.

Time taken for calculation and intimation of fees excluded from the timeframe.

No act ion on app li cation for 30 days is a deemed refusal. No fee for delayed response.


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Obligations of Public Authorities Every public authority shall maintain all its records duly catalogued andindexed in a manner and the form which facilitates the right to informationunder this Act and ensure that all records that are appropriate to becomputerised are, within a reasonable time and subject to availability ofresources, computerised and connected through a network all over thecountry on different systems so that access to such records is facilitated

Each Public Authority must designate Public Information Officers whoseresponsibility is to deal with requests for information and also to assistseeking information.

The website for the Right to Information Act is http://rti.nic.in

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Documents

Rural Development AP Sch