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Classification: Statoil Internal Status: Draft
Rules and Regulations enforcedby Petroleum Safety Authority Norway (PSA) at the Norwegian Continental Shelf
Sverre Haver, Statoil, January 2008
Presentation is to a large extent based on presentations held by Geir Løland, Statoil, at several occasions.
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Design of Structures – an illustrative overview
RULES AND REGULATIONS
FUNCTIONALREQUIREMENTS
ALL FORESEEN
LOADS
STRUCTURAL DESIGN,
I.E. DIMENSIONS, GEOMETRY, MATERIAL,
STRENGTH
STRUCTURE
FULFILLING
RULES
���� A sufficient knowledge of rules and regulations are necesssary toensure that the designed structure fulfils overall requirements regardinghealth, environment and safety
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HSE regulations aims towards preventing:
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Norwegian regulation hierarchy
Acts / Laws
Regulations
Guidelines
Standards
Company internal requirements
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HSE regulation hierarchy
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Other acts.
International and national standards
Guidelines
Management reg. Information reg. Facility reg. Operation reg.
Pollution actWorking env. actPetroleum act Health care acts
REGULATIONS RELATING TO HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY IN THE PETROLEUM ACTIVITIES
(THE FRAMEWORK REGULATIONS)
Company requirements
Appendixes
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REGULATIONS RELATING TO HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY IN THE PETROLEUM ACTIVITIES
THE FRAMEWORK REGULATIONS
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Framework reg. § 1 Purpose
“……
• The purpose of these regulations are to
– a) further a high level as regards health, environment and safety in the petroleum activities,
– b) achieve a systematic implementation of measures to fulfil therequirements and reach the objectives set out in the legislation relating to
health, environment and safety,
– c) further develop and improve the level as regards health, environment and safety
……..”
“ … These regulations encompass safety, working environment, health, the external
environment and economic assets (including production and transport regularity -
operational availability)…… ”
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Framework reg. §3 Use of maritime legislation in the petroleum activities
“With regard to mobile facilities registered in a national register of shipping, and which follow a maritime operational concept, relevant technical requirements contained in rules and regulations of the Norwegian Maritime Directorate in the form following the amendments in 2003, together with supplementary classification regulations issued by Det norske Veritas, or international flag state rules with supplementary classification rules achieving the same level of safety, may be used as an alternative to technical requirements laid down in or pursuant to the Petroleum Act, with the following specifications and limitations:
• a) this section only comprises provisions on matters of a maritime nature which are
– not directly connected with the petroleum related function which the facility is intended to carry out.
The section does not comprise provisions on
– drilling and process equipment,
– universal sound and light alarms,
– equipment used for transportation of personnel and requirements to transportation of personnel on the drill floor,
– other provisions on the working environment,
– the activities to be carried out in the petroleum activities,
• b) the facility must be used in a way that makes it possible to use a flag and or classification practice implying a calendar based recertification, including five-yearly main survey,
• c) the operational assumptions on which design, fabrication and operation are based shall be clarified,
• …………”
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Definition of ship versus mobile units versus permanent facilities
Ship: Example shuttle tanker
Follow Maritime Regulation
..
Mobile units:
Drilling rigs, well intervention vessels etc operating
at a location for a limited time
May follow a recognized maritime regulation
Permanent installations, e.g. floating
production units:
Follow PSA regulation
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Improving of safety
In Section 8 it is stated:
A high level of health, environment and safetyshall be established, maintained and improved.
This is an important message to the operators when it comes to adequatemaintenance of their structures and – not the least – in connection withmajor modification work done on the installations. Over the operationallife of a structure a number of modifications of various scales will typicallybe done. It is important to ensure that such modifications are in conflictwith the text of section 8 of the Framework Regulation.
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• Harm or hazard to people, the environment or to financial assets shall be prevented or limited in accordance with the legislation relating to health, the environment and safety, including internal requirements and acceptance criteria. Over and above this level the risk shall be further reduced to the extent possible. Assessments on the basis of this provision shall be made in all phases of the petroleum activities.
• In effectuating risk reduction the party responsible shall select the technical, operational or organisational solutions which according to an individual as well as an overall evaluation of the potential harm and present and future use offer the best results, provided the associated costs are not significantly disproportionate to the risk reduction achieved.
• If there is insufficient knowledge about the effects that use of the technical, operational or organisational solutions may have on health, environment and safety, solutions that will reduce this uncertainty shall be chosen.
• Factors which may cause injury, damage or nuisance to people, the environment or to financial assets in the petroleum activities shall be replaced by factors which in an overall evaluation have less potential for injury, damage or nuisance.
FR§ 9 Principles relating to risk reduction
BAT
ALARP
Precautionary principle
Substitution principle
Facility reg. §8
Qualification and
use of new technology
and new methods
Management
regulation:
§6 Acceptance criteria
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Facility regulation:§8 Qualification and use of new technology and new methods
•Where the petroleum activities entail use of new technology or new methods, criteria shall be defined with regard to development, testing and use in order to accommodate the requirements to health, environment and safety.
•The criteria shall be representative of the relevant operationalconditions, and the technology or the methods shall be adapted to already accepted solutions.
•Qualification or testing shall demonstrate that applicable requirements can be met by using the relevant new technology or new methods.
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REGULATIONS RELATING TO MANAGEMENT IN THE PETROLEUM ACTIVITIES
(THE MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS)
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Management reg. §1 Risk reduction
“..In risk reduction as mentioned in the Framework Regulations Section 9 on principles relating to risk reduction, the party responsible shall choose technical, operational and organisational solutions which reduce the probability that failures and situations of hazard and accident will occur.
• In addition barriers shall be established which
– a) reduce the probability that any such failures and situations of hazard and accident will develop further,
– b) limit possible harm and nuisance.
•Where more than one barrier is required, there shall be sufficient independence between the barriers.
• The solutions and the barriers that have the greatest risk reducing effect shall be chosen based on an individual as well as an overall evaluation. Collective protective measures shall be preferred over protective measures aimed at individuals
……”
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Barriers
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Design of facilities
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REGULATIONS RELATING TO DESIGN AND OUTFITTING OF FACILITIES ETC. IN THE PETROLEUM ACTIVITIES “THE FACILITIES REGULATIONS “ page 1 of 2
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS
§ 1 Definitions
§ 2 Systems and other equipment for manned underwater operations from vessels
CHAPTER II GENERAL PROVISIONS
§ 3 Choice of development concept
§ 4 Design of facilities
§ 5 Design of simpler facilities without overnight stay possibility
§ 6 Main safety functions
§ 7 Safety functions
CHAPTER III MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROVISIONS
III-I MULTIDISCIPLINARY COMMON REQUIREMENTS
§ 8 Qualification and use of new technology and new methods
§ 9 Plants, systems and equipment
§ 10 Loads, load effects and resistance
§ 11 Materials
§ 12 Handling of materials and transport routes, access and evacuation routes
§ 13 Ventilation and indoor climate
§ 14 Chemicals and chemical exposure
§ 15 Flammable and explosive goods
§ 16 Instrumentation for monitoring and recording
§ 17 Systems for internal and external communication
§ 18 Communication equipment
III-II DESIGN OF WORK AREAS AND ACCOMMODATION SPACES
§ 19 Ergonomic design
§ 20 Man-machine interface and information presentation
§ 21 Outdoor work areas
§ 22 Noise and acoustics
§ 23 Vibrations
§ 24 Lighting
§ 25 Radiation
§ 26 Equipment for transportation of personnel
§ 27 Safety signs
III-III PHYSICAL BARRIERS
§ 28 Passive fire protection
§ 29 Fire divisions
§ 30 Fire divisions in living quarters
§ 31 Fire and gas detection systems
§ 32 Emergency shutdown systems
§ 33 Process safety systems
§ 34 Gas release systems
§ 35 Fire water supply
§ 36 Fixed fire-fighting systems
§ 37 Emergency power and emergency lighting
§ 38 Ballasting systems
§ 39 Open drainage systems
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“THE FACILITIES REGULATIONS “ page 2 of 2
III-IV EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
§ 40 Equipment for rescue of personnel
§ 41 Material for action against acute pollution
§ 42 Standby vessels
§ 43 Means of evacuation
§ 44 Survival suits and life jackets etc
§ 45 Manual fire-fighting and fireman's equipment
III-V ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
§ 46 Electrical installations
CHAPTER IV SPECIFIC SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
IV-I DRILLING AND WELL SYSTEMS
§ 47 Well barriers
§ 48 Well control equipment
§ 49 Compensator and disconnection systems
§ 50 Drilling fluid system
§ 51 Cementing unit
§ 52 Casings and anchoring of wells
§ 53 Equipment for completion and controlled well flow
§ 54 Christmas tree
§ 55 Remote operation of pipes and work strings
IV-II PRODUCTION PLANTS
§ 56 Production plants
IV-III MAIN LOAD BEARING STRUCTURES AND PIPELINE SYSTEMS
§ 57 Main load bearing structures
§ 58 Pipeline systems
IV-IV LIVING QUARTERS
§ 59 Living quarters
§ 60 Health department
§ 61 Emergency unit
§ 62 Supply of food and drinking water
IV-V MARITIME INSTALLATIONS
§ 63 Stability
§ 64 Anchoring, mooring and positioning
§ 65 Turret
IV-VI DIVING SYSTEMS
§ 66 Systems and equipment for manned underwater operations
IV-VII OTHER SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
§ 67 Loading and discharging facilities
§ 68 Waste
§ 69 Exhaust ducts
§ 70 Lifting appliances and lifting gear
§ 71 Helicopter decks
§ 72 Marking of facilities
§ 73 Marking of equipment and cargo
§ 74 Lifts
CHAPTER V IMPLEMENTATION OF EEA LAW
§ 75 Simple pressure vessels
§ 76 Personal protective equipment
§ 77 Aerosols
§ 78 EMC
§ 79 Ex-equipment
§ 80 ATEX
§ 81 Pressure equipment not comprised by the Facilities Regulations
§ 82 Machinery and safety components not comprised by the Facilities Regulations
CHAPTER VI ENTRY INTO FORCE
§ 83 Entry into force
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Section 3 Facilities Regulations
Section 3 Choice of development concept
In choosing a development concept the following shall be taken into consideration:
a) Major accident risk,
b) Form of operation,
c) Risk of pollution,
d) Geographical location,
e) Location conditions,
f) Reservoir properties,
g) Requirements to regularity,
h) Life time,
i) Subsequent removal, if any,
j) Need for development of new technology.
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Facility reg. §4 Design of facilities
Facilities shall be based on robust and the simplest possible solutions and shall be designed so that
– a) withstand loads ….
– b) ALARP
– c)single component failure
– d) maintain main safety functions
– e) safe material handling
– f) working environment
– g) operational limitations
– h) health and hygiene
– i) lowest possible risk of pollution,
– j) satisfactory maintenance.
• Fire and explosion strategy.
• Area classification
• Green water (places where people can stay shall not be hit with annual probability of 10-2)
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Robust design shallcontribute such thatthe facilities canwithstand unknowndangers.
Known dangers
Unknown
danger
We are
focusing
on the
known
dangers
”Safety factor”
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Facility reg. § 6 Main safety functions
• “The main safety functions shall be defined unambiguously in respect of each individual facility in order to ensure the safety for personnel and to limit pollution.
•With regard to permanently manned facilities the following main safety functions shall be maintained in the event of an accident situation:
– a) preventing escalation of accident situations so that personnel outside the immediate vicinity of the scene of accident, are not injured,
– b) maintaining the main load carrying capacity in load bearing structures until the facility has been evacuated,
– c) protecting rooms of significance to combating accidental events, so that they are operative until the facility has been evacuated, cf. Section 29 on fire divisions,
– d) protecting the facility’s safe areas so that they remain intact until the facility has been evacuated,
– e) maintaining at least one evacuation route from every area where personnel may be staying until evacuation to the facility’s safe areas and rescue of personnel has been completed.
….”
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Section 10 Facilities regulations
Section 10 Loads, load effects and resistance
The loads that may affect the facilities or parts of the facilities, shall be determined.
Accidental loads and environmental loads with an annual probability grater than or equal to
1x10-4 shall not cause the loss of a main safety function, cf. section 6 an main safety functions.
When loads are determined, the effects of seabed subsidence above or in connection with the
reservoir shall be taken into account.
Functional and environmental loads shall be combined in the most unfavourable way.
Facilities or parts of facilities shall be able to withstand the design loads and the probable
combinations of these loads at all times.
Section 10 is rather general and functional, in guidelines one will findreferences to other standards.
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Section 43 Facilities Regulation
Section 43 Means of evacuation
It shall be possible to carry out quick and effective evacuation of personnel on facilities to a
safe area in all weather conditions, cf. the Activities Regulation Section 68 on handling of
situations of hazard and accident litera d.
The choice of means of evacuation, their placing and protection shall be based on the defined
situations of hazard and accident, cf. the Activities Regulations Section 64 on establishing
emergency preparedness.
As means of evacuation in respect of evacuation to sea, free-fall lifeboats supplemented by
escape chutes and associated life rafts shall be used.
Separate assessments of the need for and selection of equipment for hyperbaric evacuation
may be carried out. Hyperbaric evacuation units shall be designed so that they can be towed
and lifted out of the water in the weather conditions relevant for use of such evacuation units.
NB! Note the first sentence of this section!!
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NORSOK N-001 Structural Design
•Limit state design method
•Limit state: This term refers to a state of the structure where the structure or a part of the structure no longer fulfils the requirements ensuring that the structure performs according to the design specifications.
•Limit state conveniently controlled by an equation on the form:
m
ceevvpp
yxxx
γγγγ ≤++
Permanent loads Variable loads Environmental loads
Capacity
Partial safety factors
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NORSOK N-001 Structural Design
• Serviceability Limit State (SLS)Ensuring functionality of equipments and comfort for crew members.
•Ultimate Limit State (ULS) Basic design limit state ensuring a sufficient margin against foreseen loads.
Characteristic loads givenby designer/operator
Load with 10-2
annual probabilityof exceedance
Capacity: 5% value of elastic component capacity
Material factor for steel: 1.15
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•Fatigue Limit State (FLS)
Important limit state ensuring a proper margin against fatigue failures.
Limit state formulation:
Fatigue Life Calculated > nf * Structural Design Life
nf = 1, 2, 3 or 10 depending on severity of a fatigue failure.
10 is used for cases with large consequences which additionally is difficult to inspect.
NB! If a safety factor of 10 is found for a detail where inspection canbe made, one can not skip inspections.
NORSOK N-001 Structural Design
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NORSOK N-001 Structural Design
•Accidental Damage Limit State (ALS)
The purpose of the accidental damage limit state is to ensure that a given accidental scenario does not lead to a complete loss of the integrity of the
structure.
Partial safety factors are in most cases set equal to 1.0, the characteristic accidental load shall correspond to an annual exceedance probability og 10-4,
and the capacity used may utilize plasticity and system effects.
Minor local damage is permissible within ALS.
In damaged condition, structure shall withstand 10-2 – annual probability enviromental loads.
For Norwegian Continental Shelf, rare environmental loads (10-4 – annual probability loads) shall be used in controlling the accidental limit state.
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When will ALS be governing?
(see Ch. 4 in S.H.: ”Prediction of Characteristic Responses for design purposes”)
1 2 3 4 5
- log (annual exceedance probability)
Loadlevel
xc
1.3xc
xALS-bbp
Well-behaving problem
Bad-behaving problem
xALS-wbp
If we are dealing with a problem of a bad-behaving nature, ALS maybe governing.
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NORSOK N-001 Structural Design
Sound design principles according to N-001 are:
The Principal Standard regarding loads is N-003
N-001 States that:
