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8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
1/68
FIRST DIVISION
[G.R. No. 168387. August 25, 2010.]
SALUN-AT MARQUEZ and NESTOR DELACRUZ,petitioners, vs. ELOISA ESPEJO, ELENITAESPEJO, EMERITA ESPEJO, OPHIRRO ESPEJO,OTHNIEL ESPEJO, ORLANDO ESPEJO, OSMUNDOESPEJO, ODELEJO ESPEJO and NEMIFERNANDEZ,respondents.
DECISION
DEL CASTILLO,J p:
!"# t!" p$%t&"s $'(&t t!" )o#t"#ts o* +%&tt"# 'o)u("#ts ut put &ssu" +!"t!"% t!"s" 'o)u("#ts $'"-u$t"/ $#' )o%%")t/ "p%"sst!" t%u" t"#t&o# o* t!" p$%t&"s, t!" '")&'g o'/ &s $ut!o%&"' tooo "/o#' t!"s" st%u("#ts $#' to t!" )o#t"(po%$#"ous $#'sus"-u"#t $)t&o#s o* t!" p$%t&"s o%'"% to '"t"%(" su)! t"#t.
"s"tt"' &s t!" %u" t!$t )$s" o* 'out, &t &s t!" t"#t&o# o* t!")o#t%$)tg p$%t&"s t!$t p%"4$&s, *o% t!" t"#t&o# &s t!" sou o* $)o#t%$)t, #ot &ts +o%'g +!&)! &s p%o#" to (&st$"s, $'"-u$)&"s,o% $(&gu&t&"s. To !o' ot!"%+&s" +ou' g&4" &*", 4$&'&t/, $#'p%")"'"#)" to ("%" t/pog%$p!&)$ "%%o%s $#' '"*"$t t!" 4"%/
pu%pos" o* $g%""("#ts.T!&s "t&t&o# *o% R"4&"+ o# Certiorari1$ss$&s t!" O)to"% 7, 2003D")&s&o#, 2$s +" $s t!" $/ 11, 2005 R"sout&o# 3o* t!" ou%t o*App"$s A9 A G.R. S No. 681. T!" '&spos&t&4" po%t&o# o* t!"$pp"$t" )ou%t;s D")&s&o# %"$'s:
#'g %"4"%s&" "%%o% )o((&tt"' /t!" D"p$%t("#t o* Ag%$%&$# R"*o%( A'?u'&)$t&o#@o$%', t!" st$#t p"t&t&o# *o% %"4&"+ &s GRANT=D.T!" $ss$&"' D")&s&o#, '$t"' 17 $#u$%/ 2001,%"#'"%"' / t!" D"p$%t("#t o* Ag%$%&$# R"*o%(A'?u'&)$t&o# @o$%' &s !"%"/ ANNBCC=D $#' S=TASID=. T!" D")&s&o# o* t!" D"p$%t("#t o* Ag%$%&$#R"*o%( A'?u'&)$t&o# @o$%' o* @$/o(o#g[,] Nu"4$
V&)$/$, '$t"' 17 $%)! 18, &s R=INSTAT=D. osts$g$st %"spo#'"#ts.
SO ORD=R=D.4
T!" %"st$t"' D")&s&o# o* t!" D"p$%t("#t o* Ag%$%&$# R"*o%(A'?u'&)$t&o# @o$%' DARA@9 o* @$/o(o#g, Nu"4$ V&)$/$, tu%#,)o#t$"' t!" *oo+g '&spos&t&4" po%t&o#:
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
2/68
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
3/68
D")$t&o# 013 ;@. ots %"*"%%"' to $%"($%"' o# p$# "' $o(p$t 2$"*o%" t!" R"g&o#$ Ag%$%&$# R"*o%( A'?u'&)$to%RARAD9 o* @$/o(o#g, Nu"4$ V&)$/$ *o% t!" )$#)"$t&o# o*
p"t&t&o#"%s; COAs, t!" '"pos&t o* "$s"!o' %"#t$s / p"t&t&o#"%s *$4o% o* %"spo#'"#ts, $#' t!" "")ut&o# o* $ '""' o* 4ou#t$%/ $#'
t%$#s*"% / R@@I *$4o% o* %"spo#'"#t N"(&. T!" )o(p$t +$s$s"' o# %"spo#'"#ts; t!"o%/ t!$t t!" u%o#g p%op"%t/, o))up&"' /t!" p"t&t&o#"%s, +$s o+#"' / t!" %"spo#'"#ts / 4&%tu" o* t!" 185u/$), $s 'o)u("#t"' t!" D""' o* S$". T!"/ $s"' t!"&%)$&( o# t!" *$)t t!$t t!"&% D""' o* S$" %"*"%s to TT No. 6206,+!&)! p"%t$s to t!" u%o#g p%op"%t/.
"t&t&o#"%s >"' t!"&% A#s+"% 21$#' s&st"' t!$t t!"/ oug!t t!"u%o#g p%op"%t/ $s *$%("%"#">)&$%&"s t!"%"o*. T!"/ ($t$"'
t!$t t!"/ !$4" $+$/s '&sp$/"' goo' *$&t!, p$&' "$s" %"#t$s toR@@I +!"# &t ")$(" t!" o+#"% o* t!" u%o#g p%op"%t/, oug!t t!"s$(" *%o( R@@I upo# t!" !o#"st "&"* t!$t t!"/ +"%" u/g t!"u%o#g p%op"%t/, $#' o))up&"' $#' ""%)&s"' $)ts o* o+#"%s!&po4"% t!" u%o#g p%op"%t/. "t&t&o#"%s $so $%gu"' t!$t +!$t%"spo#'"#ts =sp"?os %"pu%)!$s"' *%o( R@@I 185 +$s $)tu$/t!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/, $s "4&'"#)"' / t!"&% )o#tu"' o))up$t&o#$#' poss"ss&o# o* t!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/ t!%oug! %"spo#'"#t N"(&.
R@@I $#s+"%"' 22 t!$t &t +$s t!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/ +!&)! +$s t!"su?")t o* t!" u/$) t%$#s$)t&o# +&t! %"spo#'"#ts =sp"?os. It'"#&"' )o((&ttg $ g%$4" (&st$" t!" t%$#s$)t&o# $#'
($t$"' &ts goo' *$&t! t!" '&spos&t&o# o* &ts $)-u&%"' $ss"ts )o#*o%(&t/ +&t! t!" %u%$ $#g %u"s $#' %"gu$t&o#s.
OIC-RARAD D%&'(')n23
T!" OIRARAD g$4" p%")"'"#)" to t!" TT #u("%s $pp"$%g o#t!" D""' o* S$" $#' t!" VCTs. S)" TT No. T6206 $pp"$%"' o#%"spo#'"#ts; D""' o* S$" $#' t!" s$&' t&t" %"*"%s to t!" u%o#gp%op"%t/, t!" OIRARAD )o#)u'"' t!$t t!" su?")t o* s$" +$s'""' t!" u%o#g p%op"%t/. O# t!" ot!"% !$#', s)" t!"p"t&t&o#"%s; VCTs %"*"%%"' to TT No. T62836, +!&)! )o%%"spo#'s tot!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/, t!" OIRARAD %u"' t!$t p"t&t&o#"%s; COAs#")"ss$%&/ %"*"% to t!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/. As *o% t!" p$%t&)u$%
'"s)%&pt&o# )o#t$"' t!" VCTs t!$t t!" su?")t t!"%"o* &s t!"u%o#g p%op"%t/, t!" OIRARAD %u"' t!$t &t +$s $ ("%"t/pog%$p!&)$ "%%o%.
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
4/68
$*t"% t!" "")ut&o# o* "$s"!o' )o#t%$)ts +&t! $#' p$/("#t o*%"#t$s $%%"$%s to %"spo#'"#ts.
DARA* D%&'(')n24
Bpo# $pp"$ >"' / p"t&t&o#"%s, t!" DARA@ %"4"%s"' t!" OIRARAD D")&s&o#. It %u"' t!$t $ss$&g t!" 4$&'&t/ o* t!" COAs&ssu"' to p"t&t&o#"%s $sbona de t"#$#t*$%("%s, t!" u%'"# o*p%oo* %"sts o# t!" %"spo#'"#ts. T!"%" "g #o "4&'"#)" t!$t t!"DAR >"' p"%so##" +"%" %"(&ss t!" p"%*o%($#)" o* t!"&% o)&$'ut&"s +!"# t!"/ &ssu"' t!" )o%%"spo#'g COAs *$4o% o*p"t&t&o#"%s, t!" p%"su(pt&o# o* %"gu$% p"%*o%($#)" o* 'ut/ p%"4$&s.T!&s )o#)us&o# &s ($'" (o%" &(p"%$t&4" / t!" %"spo#'"#ts;$'(&ss&o# t!$t p"t&t&o#"%s $%" t!" $)tu$ t&"%s o* t!" u%o#gp%op"%t/, !"#)" -u$&>"' "#">)&$%&"s t!"%"o*.
As *o% %"spo#'"#ts; $"g$t&o# t!$t t!"/ oug!t $) t!" u%o#gp%op"%t/ *%o( R@@I, t!" DARA@ %u"' t!$t t!"/ *$&"' to suppo%tt!"&% $"g$t&o# +&t! sust$#t&$ "4&'"#)". It g$4" (o%" )%"'"#)" toR@@I;s )$&( t!$t %"spo#'"#ts %"pu%)!$s"' t!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/, #ott!" u%o#g p%op"%t/. R"spo#'"#ts, $s o+#"%s o* t!" C$#t$pp%op"%t/, +"%" o%'"%"' to "#t"% to $# $g%&)utu%$ "$s"!o')o#t%$)t +&t! t!"&% %ot!"%$+ N"(&, +!o &s t!" $)tu$ t"#$#t o*t!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/.
T!" DARA@ "#'"' &ts $#u$%/ 17, 2001 D")&s&o# t!&s +&s":
" >#' #o $s&s o% ?ust&>)$t&o# to -u"st&o# t!"$ut!"#t&)&t/ $#' 4$&'&t/ o* t!" COAs &ssu"' to$pp"$#ts $s t!"/ $%" / op"%$t&o# o* $+ -u$&>"'"#">)&$%&"s o4"% t!" $#'!o'gsE t!"%" &s #ot!gto -u&"t $s t!"s" t&t"s +"%" $+$%'"' )o#*o%(&t/+&t! t!" AR p%og%$( &(p"("#t$t&o#E $#' >#$/,t!" @o$%' '")$%"s t!$t $ )o#t%o4"%t"' )$&(s to o%
$g$st t!" su?")t $#'!o'g (ust " )o(p"t"/$#' >#$/ $&' to %"st.
)&$%&"s] S$u#$t $%-u" $#' N"sto% D"$%u %"sp")t&4"/, )o4"%"' *o%("%/ / TT No.6206 TT No. 32589 o* t!" u%o#g p%op"%t/ $s4$&' $#' "g$E
3.O%'"%g t!" )o[%"spo#'"#ts] to >%(up $#$g%&)utu%$ "$s"!o' )o#t%$)t +&t!bonade t"#$#tt&"% N"(& F"%#$#'" o4"% t!" C$#t$pp%op"%t/, [t!" $tt"%] "g t!" su?")t ($tt"% o* t!"
;u/ $); $%%$#g"("#t "#t"%"' to "t+""#[%"spo#'"#ts] $#' Ru%$ @$# o* @$/o(o#g,I#)o%po%$t"', $#' ot!"% )&'"#t$ ($tt"%s $%"'""("' %"so4"'.T=$DI
SO ORD=R=D.25
Ruling of the Court of Appeals
I# $pp"$g to t!" A, t!" %"spo#'"#ts s&st"' t!$t t!" DARA@"%%"' %ug t!$t t!"/ %"pu%)!$s"' t!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/, +!&" t!"p"t&t&o#"%s +"%" $+$%'"' t!" u%o#g p%op"%t/. T!"/ +"%" $'$($#tt!$t t!" t&t" #u("%s '&)$t"' t!"&% %"sp")t&4" '""'s o*
)o#4"/$#)" s!ou' )o#t%o '"t"%(g t!" su?")ts t!"%"o*.S)" %"spo#'"#ts; D""' o* S$" "p%"ss"' t!$t &ts su?")t &s t!"p%op"%t/ +&t! TT No. T6206, t!"# +!$t +$s so' to t!"( +$s t!"u%o#g p%op"%t/. O# t!" ot!"% !$#', p"t&t&o#"%s; VCTs $#' COAs s$/t!$t t!"/ )o4"% t!" p%op"%t/ +&t! TT No. T62836E t!us &t s!ou' "u#'"%stoo' t!$t t!"/ +"%" $+$%'"' t!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/.R"spo#'"#ts $''"' t!$t s)" p"t&t&o#"%s $%" #ot t!" $)tu$ t&"%s o*t!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/, t!"&% COAs s!ou' " )$#)""' 'u" to t!"&%$) o* -u$&>)$t&o#.
T!" A $g%""' +&t! t!" %"spo#'"#ts. Bsg t!" @"st =4&'"#)" Ru""(o'&"' Ru" 130, S")t&o# 3, t!" A !"' t!$t t!" D""' o* S$"
&s t!" "st "4&'"#)" $s to &ts )o#t"#ts, p$%t&)u$%/ t!" '"s)%&pt&o# o*t!" $#' +!&)! +$s t!" o?")t o* t!" s$". S)" t!" D""' o* S$""p%"ss"' t!$t &ts su?")t &s t!" $#' )o4"%"' / TT No. T6206 Kt!" u%o#g p%op"%t/ K t!"# t!$t &s t!" p%op"%t/ t!$t t!"%"spo#'"#ts %"pu%)!$s"'.
T!" A *u%t!"% %u"' t!$t $s *o% p"t&t&o#"%s; VCTs, t!" s$(" %"*"% tot!" p%op"%t/ +&t! TT No. T62836E t!us, t!" su?")t o* t!"&% COAs&s t!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/. T!" $''&t&o#$ '"s)%&pt&o# t!" VCTs t!$t t!"su?")t t!"%"o* &s o)$t"' Barangay u%o#g +$s )o#s&'"%"' to "$ ("%" t/pog%$p!&)$ "%%o%. T!" A %u"' t!$t t!" t")!#&)$'"s)%&pt&o# )o#t$"' t!" TT &s (o%" $))u%$t" &'"#t&*/g t!"
su?")t p%op"%t/ s)" t!" s$(" p$%t&)u$%/ '"s)%&"s t!"p%op"%t&"s; ("t"s $#' ou#'s.
http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote24_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote24_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote25_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote25_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote24_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote25_08/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
5/68
@ot! t!" R@@I 2$#' p"t&t&o#"%s 2!>"' t!"&% %"sp")t&4" (ot&o#s*o% %")o#s&'"%$t&o#, +!&)! +"%" s"p$%$t"/ '"#&"'. 2"
O# u#" 22, 200, R@@I >"' $ s"p$%$t" "t&t&o# *o% R"4&"+o# Certiorari, 'o)"t"' $s G.R. No. 163320, +&t! t!&s ou%t. 2#R@@I%$&s"' t!" &ssu" t!$t t!" A *$&"' to $pp%")&$t" t!$t %"spo#'"#ts'&' #ot )o(" to )ou%t +&t! )"$# !$#'s ")$us" t!"/ (&s"' R@@I to"&"4" $t t!" t&(" o* t!" s$" t!$t t!" t+o ots +"%" #ot t"#$#t"'.R@@I $so $s"' t!$t t!"/ " '")$%"' *%"" *%o( $#/ &$&&t/ to t!"
p$%t&"s $s &t '&' #ot "#%&)! &ts"* $t $#/o#";s "p"#s". R@@I;s p"t&t&o#+$s '&s(&ss"' o# u/ 26, 200 *o% $) o* ("%&t. T!" s$&' R"sout&o#%"$'s:
o#s&'"%g t!" $"g$t&o#s, &ssu"s[,] $#' $%gu("#ts$''u)"' t!" p"t&t&o# *o% %"4&"+ o# certiorari, t!"ou%t R"so4"s to D=NJ t!" p"t&t&o# *o% $) o*su)&"#t s!o+g t!$t t!" ou%t o* App"$s !$')o((&tt"' $#/ %"4"%s&" "%%o% t!" -u"st&o#"'?u'g("#t to +$%%$#t t!" ""%)&s" / t!&s ou%t o* &ts'&s)%"t&o#$%/ $pp"$t" ?u%&s'&)t&o# t!&s)$s". 3$ISD"' t!" st$#t p"t&t&o#.
I((+%(
R"p!%$s"' $#' )o#so&'$t"', t!" p$%t&"s p%"s"#t t!" *oo+g &ssu"s*o% t!" ou%t;s '"t"%($t&o#:
I
!$t &s t!" "L")t o* t!" >#$ ?u'g("#t '&s(&ssgR@@I;s "t&t&o# *o% R"4&"+ o# Certiorari, +!&)!$ss$&"' t!" s$(" A D")&s&o#
II
!"t!"% t!" A "%%"' ut&&g t!" @"st =4&'"#)"Ru" to '"t"%(" t!" su?")t o* t!" )o#t%$)ts
III
!$t $%" t!" su?")t p%op"%t&"s o* t!" p$%t&"s;%"sp")t&4" )o#t%$)ts +&t! R@@I SDT)A#'gs o* *$)t $%" p%"(&s"' o#t!" suppos"' $s"#)" o* "4&'"#)" $#' )o#t%$'&)t"' / t!" "4&'"#)"o# %")o%'.3
I# t!" st$#t )$s", +" >#' su)&"#t $s&s to $pp/ t!" ")"pt&o#sto t!" g"#"%$ %u" ")$us" t!" $pp"$t" )ou%t (&s$pp%")&$t"' t!"*$)ts o* t!" )$s" t!%oug! &ts "%%o#"ous $pp&)$t&o# o* t!" @"st=4&'"#)" Ru", $s +& " '&s)uss"' "o+. o%"o4"%, t!" '&sp$%$t"%ugs o* t!" t!%"" %"4&"+g o'&"s "o+ $%" su)&"#t *o% t!"
ou%t to ""%)&s" &ts ?u%&s'&)t&o# u#'"% Ru" 5.
F'(/ I((+%
D'(0'((a ) R**I( a%a
R"spo#'"#ts ($t$ t!$t t!" ou%t;s "$%&"% '&s(&ss$ o* R@@I;sp"t&t&o# *o% %"4&"+ o* t!" s$(" A D")&s&o# &s "o-u"#t p%oo* t!$tt!"%" &s #o %"4"%s&" "%%o% t!" $pp"$t" )ou%t;s '")&s&o# *$4o%o* t!" %"spo#'"#ts. 3!
" $%" #ot p"%su$'"'. T!&s ou%t '&s(&ss"' R@@I;s "$%&"% p"t&t&o# G.R. No. 163320 ")$us" &t *$&"' to )o#4)g/ '"(o#st%$t" t!"
$"g"' "%%o%s t!" A D")&s&o#. T!" $# '&' #ot pot out t!"$'"-u$)&"s $#' "%%o%s t!" $pp"$t" )ou%t;s '")&s&o# ut s&(p/
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RULE 130 cases
6/68
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%"spo#'"#ts. S)" t!" D""' o* S$" st$t"' t!$t &ts su?")t &s t!"$#' )o4"%"' / TT No. T6206 K t!" t&t" *o% t!" u%o#g p%op"%t/
K t!"# t!" p%op"%t/ %"pu%)!$s"' / t!" %"spo#'"#ts +$s t!"u%o#g p%op"%t/. C&"+&s", t!" A !"' t!$t s)" t!" VCTs "t+""#p"t&t&o#"%s $#' R@@I %"*"% to TT No. T62836 K t!" t&t" *o% t!"C$#t$p p%op"%t/ K t!"# t!" p%op"%t/ t%$#s*"%%"' to p"t&t&o#"%s +$st!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/.
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t!" )$s" &s #ot t!" )o#t"#ts o* t!" )o#t%$)ts ut t!" t"#t&o# o* t!"p$%t&"s t!$t +$s #ot $'"-u$t"/ "p%"ss"' t!"&% )o#t%$)ts."t&t&o#"%s t!"# $%gu" t!$t &t &s t!" $%o =4&'"#)" Ru" t!$t s!ou'" $pp&"' o%'"% to $'"-u$t"/ %"so4" t!" '&sput".
I#'""', t!" $pp"$t" )ou%t "%%"' &ts $pp&)$t&o# o* t!" @"st=4&'"#)" Ru". T!" @"st =4&'"#)" Ru" st$t"s t!$t +!"# t!" su?")to* -u&%/ &s t!" contentso* $ 'o)u("#t, t!" "st "4&'"#)" &st!"origina! docu+ent &ts"* $#' #o ot!"% "4&'"#)" su)! $s $%"p%o'u)t&o#, p!oto)op/ o% o%$ "4&'"#)"9 &s $'(&ss&" $s $ g"#"%$%u". T!" o%&g$ &s p%"*"%%"' ")$us" &t %"'u)"s t!" )!$#)" o*u#'"t")t"' t$(p"%g +&t! t!" 'o)u("#t. 42
I# t!" st$#t )$s", t!"%" &s #o %oo( *o% t!" $pp&)$t&o# o* t!" @"st=4&'"#)" Ru" ")$us" t!"%" &s #o '&sput" %"g$%'g t!" contents o*t!" 'o)u("#ts. It &s $'(&tt"' / t!" p$%t&"s t!$t t!" %"spo#'"#ts;D""' o* S$" %"*"%%"' to TT No. T6206 $s &ts su?")tE +!&" t!"p"t&t&o#"%s; D""'s o* Vou#t$%/ C$#' T%$#s*"% %"*"%%"' to TT No. T62836 $s &ts su?")t, +!&)! &s *u%t!"% '"s)%&"' $s o)$t"'Barangay u%o#g. DSAI$
T!" %"$ &ssu" &s +!"t!"% t!" $'(&tt"' )o#t"#ts o* t!"s" 'o)u("#ts$'"-u$t"/ $#' )o%%")t/ "p%"ss t!" t%u" t"#t&o# o* t!" p$%t&"s.As to t!" D""' o* S$", p"t&t&o#"%s $#' R@@I9 ($t$ t!$t w*i!e itrefers to TCT "o. T-#2$%#, t!" p$%t&"s $)tu$/ t"#'"' t!" s$" o*t!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/ )o4"%"' / TT No. T628369.
As to t!" VCTs, %"spo#'"#ts )o#t"#' t!$t t!" %"*"%"#)" to TT No. T62836 )o%%"spo#'g to t!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/9 %"M")ts t!" t%u"t"#t&o# o* R@@I $#' t!" p"t&t&o#"%s, $#' t!" %"*"%"#)" toBarangay u%o#g +$s $ t/pog%$p!&)$ "%%o%. O# t!" ot!"% !$#',p"t&t&o#"%s )$&( t!$t t!" %"*"%"#)" to Barangay u%o#g %"M")tst!"&% t%u" t"#t&o#, +!&" t!" %"*"%"#)" to TT No. T62836 +$s $("%" "%%o%. T!&s '&sput" %"M")ts $# t%s&) $(&gu&t/ t!")o#t%$)ts, $%&sg *%o( $# $pp$%"#t *$&u%" o* t!" st%u("#ts to$'"-u$t"/ "p%"ss t!" t%u" t"#t&o# o* t!" p$%t&"s. To %"so4" t!"$(&gu&t/, %"so%t (ust " !$' to "4&'"#)" outs&'" o* t!"st%u("#ts.
http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote38_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote39_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote40_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote41_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote42_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote38_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote39_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote40_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote41_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote42_08/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
7/68
T!" A, !o+"4"%, %"*us"' to oobeyond t!" &t"%$ +o%'g o* t!"'o)u("#ts $#' %"?")t"' $#/ ot!"% "4&'"#)" t!$t )ou' s!"' &g!t o#t!" $)tu$ t"#t&o# o* t!" )o#t%$)tg p$%t&"s. T!oug! t!" A )&t"'t!" @"st =4&'"#)" Ru", &t $pp"$%s t!$t +!$t &t $)tu$/ $pp&"' +$st!" $%o =4&'"#)" Ru" st"$', +!&)! p%o4&'"s:
!"# t!" t"%(s o* $# $g%""("#t !$4" ""#%"'u)"' to +%&tg, &t &s )o#s&'"%"' $s )o#t$g $t!" t"%(s $g%""' upo# $#' t!"%" )$# ", "t+""#
t!" p$%t&"s $#' t!"&% su))"sso%s t"%"st, #o"4&'"#)" o* su)! t"%(s ot!"% t!$# t!" )o#t"#ts o*t!" +%&tt"# $g%""("#t. 43
T!" $%o =4&'"#)" Ru" ")u'"s p$%o o% "t%s&) "4&'"#)" /+!&)! $ p$%t/ s""s to )o#t%$'&)t, 4$%/, $'' to o% sut%$)t *%o(t!" t"%(s o* $ 4$&' $g%""("#t o% st%u("#t. T!us, &t $pp"$%st!$t +!$t t!" A $)tu$/ $pp&"' &ts $ss$&"' D")&s&o# +!"# &t%"*us"' to oo "/o#' t!" +o%'s o* t!" )o#t%$)ts +$s t!" $%o=4&'"#)" Ru", #ot t!" @"st =4&'"#)" Ru". T!" $pp"$t" )ou%tg$4" p%&($)/ to t!" &t"%$ t"%(s o* t!" t+o )o#t%$)ts $#'%"*us"' to $'(&t $#/ ot!"% "4&'"#)" t!$t +ou' )o#t%$'&)t su)!
t"%(s.
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
8/68
App/g t!" *o%"gog gu&'g %u"s, &t &s )"$% t!$t t!" D""' o* S$"+$s t"#'"' to t%$#s*"% t!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/ to t!" %"spo#'"#ts,+!&" t!" VCTs +"%" t"#'"' to )o#4"/ t!" u%o#g p%op"%t/ to t!"p"t&t&o#"%s. T!&s ($/ " s""# *%o( t!"conte+poraneous andsubse/uent acts o* t!" p$%t&"s. $"'"#">)&$%&"s t!"%"o*. T!us, t!" DAR o)&$s &ssu"' COAs p"t&t&o#"%s; *$4o%E $#' t!"s" COAs "p&)&t/ %"*"% to t!" $#'Barangay u%o#g. A t!&s t&(", p"t&t&o#"%s +"%" poss"ss&o# o*t!" u%o#g p%op"%t/, u#'&stu%"' / $#/o#" *o% s"4"%$ o#g /"$%s,
u#t& %"spo#'"#ts st$%t"' t!" )o#t%o4"%s/ 17. D"' $# $)t&o# *o% t!"%"*o%($t&o# o* t!"&% )o#t%$)t. 4A )$us" o* $)t&o# *o% t!"%"*o%($t&o# o* $ )o#t%$)t o#/ $%&s"s +!"# o#" o* t!" )o#t%$)tgp$%t&"s ($#&*"sts $# t"#t&o#, / o4"%t $)ts, #ot to $&'" / t!"t%u" $g%""("#t o* t!" p$%t&"s. 4!It s""(s *$&%/ o4&ous t!$t
p"t&t&o#"%s !$' #o )$us" to %"*o%( t!"&% VCTs ")$us" t!" p$%t&"st!"%"to R@@I $#' p"t&t&o#"%s9 #"4"% !$' $#/ '&sput" $s to t!"t"%p%"t$t&o# $#' $pp&)$t&o# t!"%"o*. T!"/ ot! u#'"%stoo' t!"VCTs to )o4"% t!" u%o#g p%op"%t/ $#' #ot t!" C$#t$p p%op"%t/9. It+$s o#/ (u)! $t"%, +!"# st%$#g"%s to t!" )o#t%$)ts $%gu"' *o% $'&L"%"#t t"%p%"t$t&o#, t!$t t!" &ssu" ")$(" %""4$#t *o% t!" >%stt&(".
A to', +" %u" t!$t t!" D""' o* S$" '$t"' F"%u$%/ 26, 185"t+""# %"spo#'"#ts $#' R@@I )o4"%s t!"Lantap property u#'"%TT No. T62836, +!&" t!" D""'s o* Vou#t$%/ C$#' T%$#s*"% $#'TT Nos. COA35 $#' COA36 o* t!" p"t&t&o#"%s )o4"%
t!"Murong property u#'"% TT No. T6206. I# )o#s"-u"#)", t!"A;s %ug $g$st R@@I s!ou' #ot " "")ut"' $s su)! "")ut&o#
http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote46_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote47_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote46_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/53612?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53612&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=168387&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote47_08/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
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+ou' " )o#s&st"#t +&t! ou% %ug !"%". At!oug! t!" A;s'")&s&o# !$' $%"$'/ ")o(" >#$ $#' "")uto%/as against4BB3 +&t! t!" '&s(&ss$ o* R@@I;s p"t&t&o# G.R. No. 163320, ou%%ug !"%" *$4o% o* p"t&t&o#"%s &s $ sup"%4"#g )$us" +!&)!%"#'"%s t!" "")ut&o# o* t!" A '")&s&o# $g$st R@@I u#?ust $#'"-u&t$".
:HEREFORE, t!" "t&t&o# *o% R"4&"+ o# Certiorari&s ;RANTED.T!" $ss$&"' O)to"% 7, 2003 D")&s&o#, $s +" $s t!" $/ 11, 2005
R"sout&o# o* t!" ou%t o* App"$s AG.R. S No. 681$%" RE
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
10/68
T"' $# A("#'"' o(p$t '$t"' 8 u/ 16&(p"$'g !"%" p%&4$t" %"spo#'"#t $"( S!&ppg, I#)., $s$''&t&o#$ '"*"#'$#t, )o#t"#'g t!$t t!" $tt"% &s $ s!&p $g"#t o*@$#gp$& S!&ppg o. O# 18 S"pt"("% 16, $"( S!&ppg, I#).>"' $ ot&o# to D&s(&ss +!&)! +$s sus"-u"#t/ '"#&"' / pu&)%"spo#'"#t u'g" $# O%'"% '$t"' 20 O)to"% 18. @$#gp$&S!&ppg o. &"+&s" >"' $ ot&o# to D&s(&ss +!&)! +$s $so'"#&"' / pu&) %"spo#'"#t u'g" $# O%'"% &ssu"' o# 2 $#u$%/2003. $STAgu%"s, s/(os o% ot!"%(o'"s o* +%&tt"# "p%"ss&o#, '"s)%&"' o%!o+"4"% %"p%"s"#t"', / +!&)! $ %&g!t &s
http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4715?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4715&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=170491&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote1_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4715?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4715&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=170491&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote2_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4715?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4715&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=170491&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote1_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4715?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4715&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=170491&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote2_08/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
11/68
"st$&s!"' o% $# o&g$t&o# "tgu&s!"', o%/ +!&)! $ *$)t ($/ " p%o4"' $#' $%("',+!&)! &s %")"&4"', %")o%'"', t%$#s(&tt"',sto%"', p%o)"ss"', %"t%&"4"' o% p%o'u)"'"")t%o#&)$/. It )u'"s '&g&t$/ s&g#"''o)u("#ts $#' $#/ p%tout, %"$'$" /s&g!t o% ot!"% ("$#s +!&)! $))u%$t"/%"M")ts t!" "")t%o#&) '$t$ ("ss$g" o%"")t%o#&) 'o)u("#t. Fo% t!" pu%pos" o*
t!"s" Ru"s, t!" t"%( "")t%o#&) 'o)u("#t($/ " us"' t"%)!$#g"$/ +&t!"")t%o#&) '$t$ ("ss$g". $IT=D
T!" *o%($t&o# t!os" "%o o% p!oto)op&"s +$s#ot %")"&4"', %")o%'"', %"t%&"4"' o% p%o'u)"'"")t%o#&)$/. o%"o4"%, su)! "")t%o#&) "4&'"#)"(ust " $ut!"#t&)$t"' S")t&o#s 1 $#' 2, Ru" 5,Ru"s o# =")t%o#&) =4&'"#)"9, +!&)! t!" p$t&L*$&"' to 'o. F$/, t!" %"-u&%"' A'$4&t to p%o4"t!" $'(&ss&&&t/ $#' "4&'"#t&$%/ +"&g!t o* t!"$"g"' "")t%o#&) "4&'"#)" S"). 1, Ru" , 3bid9 +$s
#ot "")ut"', (u)! "ss p%"s"#t"' "4&'"#)".
T!" "%o o% p!oto)op&"s oL"%"' s!ou', t!"%"*o%"," st%&)"# oL t!" %")o%'. As&'" *%o( t!"&% "g #otp%op"%/ &'"#t&>"' / $#/ )o(p"t"#t +&t#"ss, t!"oss o* t!" p%)&p$s t!"%"o* +$s #ot "st$&s!"' /$#/ )o(p"t"#t p%oo*.
"' / $#/ )o(p"t"#t +&t#"ss. Aspot"' out / t!" %"spo#'"#t @$#gp$& S!&ppgo(p$#/ &ts )o(("#t o# t!" p"t&t&o# >"' t!&s)$s" +!&)! %"p%o'u)"s so(" ")"%pts o* t!"
t"st&(o#&"s t!" )ou%t a /uoo* Att/. $%&$#&to D"Cos S$#tos, =#g%. N"sto% =#%&-u", %. $#' %. Ro'u*o
http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4715?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4715&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=170491&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote3_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/4715?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=4715&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=170491&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote3_08/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
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I. $g$g, t!" s$&' +&t#"ss"s '&' #ot !$4" p"%so#$#o+"'g" o* $#' p$%t&)&p$t&o# t!" p%"p$%$t&o#$#' ($g o* t!" p&")"s o* 'o)u("#t$%/ "4&'"#)"'"#&"' $'(&ss&o# / %"spo#'"#t ?u'g" . . . . I# ot!"%+o%'s, t!"%" +$s $) o* p%op"% &'"#t&>)$t&o# o* s$&'p&")"s o* 'o)u("#t$%/ "4&'"#)". . . . .
T!"# $#ot!"% g%ou#' *o% '"#/g $'(&ss&o# o*p"t&t&o#"%;s =!&&ts A, , D, =, )$/ so "#u("%$t"' t!"%",
$#' t!" p"t&t&o#"% !$s #ot s!o+# t!$t t!" #o#p%"s"#t$t&o# o% #o#p%o'u)t&o# o* &ts o%&g$'o)u("#t$%/ p&")"s o* "4&'"#)" *$s u#'"% su)!")"pt&o#s. As $pt/ pot"' out / t!" %"spo#'"#t?u'g" t!" o%'"% &ssu"' / !&( o# No4"("% 16,200:
. . . T!" %")o%' s!o+s t!$t t!" p$t&Lp"t&t&o#"% !"%" !$s ""# g&4"# "4"%/oppo%tu#&t/ to p%"s"#t t!" o%&g$s o* t!""%o o% p!oto)op&"s o* t!" 'o)u("#ts &toL"%"'. It #"4"% p%o'u)"' s$&'
o%&g$s. #"' t!" Ru"s o#=")t%o#&) =4&'"#)". T!" *o%($t&o#s t!"%" +"%"#ot %")"&4"', %"t%&"4"' o% p%o'u)"' "")t%o#&)$/.T!" p"t&t&o#"% !$s #ot $'"-u$t"/ "st$&s!"' t!$t&ts 'o)u("#t$%/ "4&'"#)" +"%" "")t%o#&) "4&'"#)"&t !$s #ot p%op"%/ $ut!"#t&)$t"' su)! "4&'"#)" $s"")t%o#&) 'o)u("#ts, $ssu(g arguendot!$t t!"/$%". C$st/, t!" p"t&t&o#"% !$s #ot p%op"%/
"st$&s!"' / $'$4&t pu%su$#t to Ru" o* t!"Ru"s o# =")t%o#&) =4&'"#)" t!" $'(&ss&&&t/ $#'"4&'"#t&$%/ +"&g!t o* s$&' 'o)u("#t$%/ "4&'"#)".
T!us, / $#/ "g$ /$%'st&), &t &s ($#&*"st t!$t t!"%"spo#'"#t ?u'g" '&' #ot )o((&t g%$4" $us" o*'&s)%"t&o# '"#/g $'(&ss&o# o* t!"$*o%"("#t&o#"' 'o)u("#t$%/ "4&'"#)" o* p"t&t&o#"%.
@ut "4"# &* &t " g%$#t"' ?ust *o% t!" s$" o*
$%gu("#t t!$t t!" %"spo#'"#t ?u'g" )o((&tt"' $#"%%o% '"#/g t!" $*o%"("#t&o#"' 'o)u("#t$%/"4&'"#)" o* t!" p"t&t&o#"%, st& t!" p"t&t&o#*o% certiorari>"' t!&s )$s" (ust *$&. Su)! "%%o%+ou' $t (ost " o#/ $# "%%o% o* $+ $#' #ot $#"%%o% o* ?u%&s'&)t&o#. I#Lee vs. )eop!e, :%: =C4;:%7,t!" Sup%"(" ou%t o* t!" !&&pp"s s$&'t!$t certiorari+& #ot &" )$s" o* $# "%%o% o*$+. . . . . =A)IST
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
13/68
o# &ts o+# p%"(&s" t!$t $# "")t%o#&) 'o)u("#t $s '">#"' u#'"%S")t&o# 1 !9, Ru" 2 o* t!" Ru"s o# =")t%o#&) =4&'"#)" &s #ot&(&t"' to *o%($t&o# t!$t &s %")"&4"', %")o%'"', %"t%&"4"' o%p%o'u)"' "")t%o#&)$/. R$t!"%, p"t&t&o#"% ($t$s t!$t $#"")t%o#&) 'o)u("#t )$# $so %"*"% to ot!"% (o'"s o* +%&tt"#"p%"ss&o# t!$t &s p%o'u)"' "")t%o#&)$/, su)! $s p!oto)op&"s, $s)u'"' t!" s")t&o#;s )$t)!$proviso: $#/ p%tout o% output,%"$'$" / s&g!t o% ot!"% ("$#s. T
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
14/68
1. =!&&t P &s $ p!oto)op/ o* $ "tt"% ($#u$/s&g#"' / V&%g&&o Asp%"% $#' / $ Not$%/u&), tog"t!"% +&t! ot!"% !$#'+%&tt"##ot$t&o#s.
O# t!" ot!"% !$#', $# "")t%o#&) 'o)u("#t %"*"%s to 'n)0a/')n) /% %%(%n/a/')n ) 'n)0a/')n, da/a, >+%(, (08)() )/% 0)d%( ) ?'//%n %@%((')n, d%(&'8%d ) )?%6%%%(%n/%d, / +!&)! $ %&g!t &s "st$&s!"' o% $# o&g$t&o#
"tgu&s!"', o% / +!&)! $ *$)t ($/ " p%o4"' $#' $%("', ?'&'( %&%'6%d, %&)d%d, /an(0'//%d, (/)%d, )&%((%d,%/'%6%d ) )d+&%d %%&/)n'&a. 5It )u'"s '&g&t$/s&g#"' 'o)u("#ts $#' $#/ p%tout, %"$'$" / s&g!t o% ot!"%("$#s +!&)! $))u%$t"/ %"M")ts t!" "")t%o#&) '$t$ ("ss$g" o%"")t%o#&) 'o)u("#t. #"' t!" Ru"s o# =")t%o#&) =4&'"#)"&s o4&ous/ $# "%%o#"ous, &* #ot p%"post"%ous, t"%p%"t$t&o# o* t!"$+. "' )op/ o* +!&)! &s($'" "4&'"#)" / $+E
"9 !"# t!" o%&g$ )o#s&sts o* #u("%ous $))ou#tso% ot!"% 'o)u("#ts +!&)! )$##ot ""$("' )ou%t +&t!out g%"$t oss o* t&("$#' t!" *$)t soug!t to " "st$&s!"' *%o(t!"( &s o#/ t!" g"#"%$ %"sut o* t!"+!o". AD
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
15/68
p$%t, ($/ p%o4" &ts )o#t"#ts / $ )op/, o% / $ %")&t$ o* &ts )o#t"#ts so(" $ut!"#t&) 'o)u("#t, o% / t!" t"st&(o#/ o* +&t#"ss"s t!"o%'"% st$t"'.11T!" oL"%o% o* s")o#'$%/ "4&'"#)" &s u%'"#"' top%o4" t!" p%"'&)$t"s t!"%"o*: $9 t!" oss o% '"st%u)t&o# o* t!"o%&g$ +&t!out $' *$&t! o# t!" p$%t o* t!" p%opo#"#tQoL"%o% +!&)!)$# " s!o+# / )&%)u(st$#t&$ "4&'"#)" o* %out" p%$)t&)"s o*'"st%u)t&o# o* 'o)u("#tsE 129 t!" p%opo#"#t (ust p%o4" / $ *$&%p%"po#'"%$#)" o* "4&'"#)" $s to %$&s" $ %"$so#$" *"%"#)" o* t!"oss o% '"st%u)t&o# o* t!" o%&g$ )op/E $#' )9 &t (ust " s!o+#
t!$t $ '&&g"#t $#' o#$ >'" ut u#su))"ss*u s"$%)! !$s ""#($'" *o% t!" 'o)u("#t t!" p%op"% p$)" o% p$)"s.13#' #o"%%o% t!" O%'"% o* t!" )ou%t a /uo'"#/g $'(&ss&&&t/ o* t!"p!oto)op&"s oL"%"' / p"t&t&o#"% $s 'o)u("#t$%/ "4&'"#)".
F$/, &t p"%p""s t!&s ou%t +!/ p"t&t&o#"% )o#tu"' to
o'u%$t"/ '&s%"g$%' t!" oppo%tu#&t&"s g&4"# / t!" t%&$ )ou%t *o% &tto p%"s"#t t!" o%&g$s o* t!" p!oto)op&"s &t p%"s"#t"' /"t )o("s"*o%" us #o+ p%$/g t!$t &t " $o+"' to p%"s"#t t!" o%&g$s o*t!" "!&&ts t!$t +"%" '"#&"' $'(&ss&o# o% )$s" t!" s$(" $%"ost, to $/ t!" p%"'&)$t" *o% t!" $'(&ss&o# o* s")o#'$%/ "4&'"#)".
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
16/68
)!$%g"' $#' s"#t"#)"' to suL"% t!" p"#$t/ o* &*" &(p%&so#("#t$#' to p$/ $ >#" o* 100,000.00. T!" )o#4&)t&o# +$s $s"' o# t!"t"st&(o#&"s o* )o(p$$#ts N$po"o# '" $ %u, %&s$#t$ V$s-u",=4"/# '" D&os, "%)/ $gp$/o $#' =4$#g"" $gp$/o t!$t o#D")"("% 15, 12, t!"/ ("t t!" $pp"$#t t!" !ous" o* %&s$#t$V$s-u" o)$t"' $t @$($#g, @u$)$#. T!"%", $pp"$#t to' t!")o(p$$#ts t!$t s!" &s %")%u&tg +o%"%s *o% '"po/("#t T$&+$#$#' s!" p%o(&s"' t!"( t!$t t!"/ +ou' " s"#t to T$&+$# o#$#u$%/ 15, 13. As $ )o#s"-u"#)", t!" )o(p$$#ts p$&' !"%
4$%&ous $(ou#ts %"p%"s"#tg p$)"("#t *""s, p$sspo%t p%o)"ssg*""s $#' ot!"%s. @ut +!"# t!" p%o(&s"' '$t" $%%&4"', t!" $pp"$#t*$&"' to s"#' t!"( to T$&+$#. A#' &t +$s $so *ou#' out t!$t t!"$pp"$#t !$s #o &)"#s" #o% $ut!o%&t/ to %")%u&t +o%"%s *o%o4"%s"$s "(po/("#t *%o( t!" !&&pp" O4"%s"$s =(po/("#tA'(&st%$t&o# O=A9.T=$ADS
T!" $pp"$#t t"%pos"' t!" '"*"#s" o* '"#&$ )$&(g t!$t s!"o#/ o%%o+"' (o#"/ *%o( t!"(. I# suppo%t o* !"% )$&(, s!"p%"s"#t"' t!" A'$4&t o* D"s&st$#)" "")ut"' / t!")o(p$$#ts +!"# s!" $#' !"% s&st"% p$&' t!"( !"% '"t.
"' u#'"% o$t! $#' op"# )ou%t t!$t t!"/ +"%"oL"%"' ?o p$)"("#ts $%o$' $#' +"%" ($'" to p$/ p$)"("#t o%p%o)"ssg *""s. I# t!" s")o#' p$)", t!" $'$4&t '&' #ot "p%"ss/%"pu'&$t" t!"&% t"st&(o#/ )ou%t o# t!" %")%u&t("#t $)t&4&t&"s o*t!" $pp"$#t. T!" $'$4&t +$s (o%" o* $# $*t"%t!oug!t $%&sg *%o(p"%so#$ )o#s&'"%$t&o# o* p&t/. A#" o* 100,000 s!$ " &(pos"' &* &"g$ %")%u&t("#t )o#st&tut"s")o#o(&) s$ot$g".
. ID.E ID.E ID.E AS= AT @AR. K T!" $pp"$#t p%o(&s"' t!" >4")o(p$$#ts t!$t t!"%" +"%" ?os $4$&$" *o% t!"( T$&+$#. S!"
"$)t"' (o#"/ *%o( t!"( *o% $"g"' p$sspo%ts, $s +" $s *o%p$)"("#t *""s. T!"%" +$s $ )"%t&>)$t&o# *%o( O=A t!$t t!"
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
17/68
$pp"$#t +$s #ot &)"#s"' to %")%u&t +o%"%s *o% o4"%s"$sp$)"("#ts, +!&)! s!" &"+&s" $'(&tt"' !"% t"st&(o#/. A t!"s"pot to t!" "s)$p$" )o#)us&o# t!$t s!" +$s "#g$g"' &"g$%")%u&t("#t $%g" s)$". T!us, t!" t%&$ )ou%t )o%%")t/ *ou#' t!"$pp"$#t gu&t/ "/o#' %"$so#$" 'out o* t!" )%&(" o* &"g$%")%u&t("#t $%g" s)$". T!" p"#$t/ &(pos"' upo# !"% &s $))o%'$#)" +&t! A%t&)" 3 o* t!" C$o% o'".
D E C I S I O N
DA"' o# 20 O)to"% 13 "*o%" t!" R"g&o#$T%&$ ou%t o* $oos, @u$)$#, $#' $ss&g#"' to @%$#)! 76 t!"%"o*,t!" $))us"' $pp"$#t +$s )!$%g"' +&t! t!" )%&(" o* &"g$%")%u&t("#t u#'"% A%t&)" 38 %"$t&o# to A%t&)"s 3 $#' 3 o* t!"C$o% o'" o* t!" !&&pp"s, $s $("#'"', $"g"'/ )o((&tt"' $s
*oo+s: CCp!&T!$t o% $out t!" (o#t! o* D")"("%, 12, t!" (u#&)&p$&t/ o* $oos, p%o4)" o* @u$)$#,!&&pp"s, $#' +&t! t!" ?u%&s'&)t&o# o* t!&s)$t&o# *%o( t!" O=A '$t"'u/ 21, 1 =!. A9 to t!" "L")t t!$t $pp"$#t !"% p"%so#$ )$p$)&t/, +$s #"&t!"% &)"#s"' #o%$ut!o%&"' to %")%u&t +o%"%s *o% o4"%s"$s"(po/("#t TSN, August , 17, pp. 11129.3
" $'opt t!&s su(($%/ $s ou% o+# $s &t &s *u/ suppo%t"' / t!"t%$#s)%&pts o* t!" st"#og%$p!&) #ot"s o* t!" t"st&(o#&"s o* t!"+&t#"ss"s *o% t!" p%os")ut&o#.
Bpo# t!" ot!"% !$#', t!" $pp"$#t '"#&"' !$4g %")%u&t"' t!")o(p$$#ts. S!" )$&("' t!$t s!" !$' o#/ o%%o+"' (o#"/ *%o(
http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/12814?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12814&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=123906&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote1_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/12814?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12814&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=123906&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote2_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/12814?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12814&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=123906&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote2_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/12814?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12814&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=123906&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote3_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/12814?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12814&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=123906&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote3_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/12814?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12814&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=123906&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote1_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/12814?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12814&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=123906&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote2_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/12814?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12814&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=123906&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote3_08/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
18/68
t!"(. I# suppo%t o* !"% )$&( s!" p%"s"#t"' t!" A'$4&t o*D"s&st$#)" 4"")ut"' / t!" )o(p$$#ts +!"# s!" $#' !"%s&st"% !$' p$&' t!"( !"% '"t.
T!" t%&$ )ou%t g$4" *u )%"'&t to t!" 4"%s&o# o* t!" p%os")ut&o# $#'*ou#' u#("%&to%&ous $pp"$#t;s '"*"#s". It #ot"' t!$t $pp"$#t;sst$t"("#t "*o%" @$%$#g$/ $pt$ =("%&to $$%$, 5s!" !$'p%o(&s"' to %"tu%# to t!" )o(p$$#ts t!" (o#"/ s!" !$' t$"#*%o( t!"(. T!"%" +$s #ot!g s$&' st$t"("#t t!$t s!o+"' t!$t
su)! (o#"/ +$s $ '"t. As to t!" A'$4&t o* D"s&st$#)", t!" t%&$)ou%t %"?")t"' t!" s$(" *o% &t +$s s&g#"' / t!" )o(p$$#ts $*t"%$ o* t!"( t"st&>"' )ou%t $#' +"%" p$&' / t!" $pp"$#t.
T!" t%&$ )ou%t &"+&s" os"%4"' t!$t t!" $pp"$#t !$' *$&"' to%"*ut" t!" st$t"("#t t!" )"%t&>)$t&o# &ssu"' / t!" O=A t!$t s!"+$s #ot &)"#s"' to %")%u&t +o%"%s *o% o4"%s"$s "(po/("#t, $#'t!$t s!" !$' "4"# $'(&tt"' op"# )ou%t t!$t s!" +$s #ot &)"#s"'to 'o so.
A))o%'g/, &ts '")&s&o# o* 7 F"%u$%/ 16, t!" t%&$ )ou%t
)o#4&)t"' t!" $pp"$#t o* t!" )%&(" o* &"g$ %")%u&t("#t $%g"s)$" $#' s"#t"#)"' !"% to suL"% &*" &(p%&so#("#t $#' to p$/ $>#" o* 100,000.
T!" $pp"$#t s"$so#$/ >"' !"% #ot&)" o* $pp"$. I# !"%App"$#t;s @%&"*,!s!" &(put"s upo# t!" t%&$ )ou%t t!" )o((&ss&o#o* t!&s sg" "%%o%, to +&t:
T
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
19/68
"(po/("#t to t+o o% (o%" p"%so#s s!$ "'""("' "#g$g"' %")%u&t("#t $#' p$)"("#t.
I"g$ %")%u&t("#t &s '">#"' A%t&)" 38 o* t!" C$o% o'" $s*oo+s:
ART. 38. 3!!ega! 4ecruit+ent. K $9 A#/ %")%u&t("#t$)t&4&t&"s )u'g t!" p%o!&&t"' p%$)t&)"s"#u("%$t"' u#'"% A%t&)" 3 o* t!&s o'", to "
u#'"%t$"# / #o#&)"#s""s o% #o#!o'"%s o*$ut!o%&t/ s!$ " '""("' &"g$ $#' pu#&s!$"u#'"% A%t&)" 3 o* t!&s o'". T!" &st%/ o* C$o%$#' =(po/("#t o% $#/ $+ "#*o%)"("#t o)"%s($/ &t&$t" )o(p$$#ts u#'"% t!&s A%t&)".
9 I"g$ %")%u&t("#t +!"# )o((&tt"' / $s/#'&)$t" o% $%g" s)$" s!$ " )o#s&'"%"' $#oL"#s" o4g ")o#o(&) s$ot$g" $#' s!$ "p"#$&"' $))o%'$#)" +&t! A%t&)" 3 !"%"o*.
I"g$ %")%u&t("#t &s '""("' )o((&tt"' / $s/#'&)$t" &* )$%%&"' out / $ g%oup o* t!%"" 39 o%
(o%" p"%so#s )o#sp&%g $#'Qo% )o#*"'"%$tg +&t!o#" $#ot!"% )$%%/g out $#/ u#$+*u o% &"g$t%$#s$)t&o#, "#t"%p%&s" o% s)!"(" '">#"' u#'"% t!">%st p$%$g%$p! !"%"o*. I"g$ %")%u&t("#t &s '""("')o((&tt"' $%g" s)$" &* )o((&tt"' $g$st t!%""39 o% (o%" p"%so#s '&4&'u$/ o% $s $ g%oup.
It )$# " g"$#"' *%o( t!" *o%"gog t!$t t!"%" &s &"g$ %")%u&t("#t $%g" s)$" +!"# $ p"%so# $9 u#'"%t$"s $#/ %")%u&t("#t $)t&4&t/'">#"' u#'"% A%t&)" 139 o% $#/ p%o!&&t"' p%$)t&)" "#u("%$t"'u#'"% A%t&)" 3 o* t!" C$o% o'"E 9 'o"s #ot !$4" $ &)"#s" o%$ut!o%&t/ to $+*u/ "#g$g" t!" %")%u&t("#t $#' p$)"("#t o*
+o%"%sE $#' )9 )o((&ts t!" s$(" $g$st t!%"" o% (o%" p"%so#s,'&4&'u$/ o% $s $ g%oup. 13$%$g%$p! 9 o* A%t&)" 38, "p&)&t/p%o4&'"s t!$t &"g$ %")%u&t("#t +!"# )o((&tt"' / $ s/#'&)$t" o% $%g" s)$" s!$ " )o#s&'"%"' $# oL"#s" o4g ")o#o(&)s$ot$g". B#'"% A%t&)" 3 o* t!" C$o% o'" t!" p"#$t/ o* &*"&(p%&so#("#t $#' $ >#" o* 100,000 s!$ " &(pos"' &* &"g$%")%u&t("#t )o#st&tut"s ")o#o(&) s$ot$g".
T!" $pp"$#t p%o(&s"' t!" >4" )o(p$$#ts t!$t t!"%" +"%" ?os$4$&$" *o% t!"( T$&+$#. S!" "$)t"' (o#"/ *%o( t!"( *o%$"g"' p$sspo%ts $s +" $s *o% p$)"("#t *""s. T!"%" +$s $)"%t&>)$t&o# *%o( t!" O=A t!$t t!" $pp"$#t +$s #ot &)"#s"' to
%")%u&t +o%"%s *o% o4"%s"$s ?o p$)"("#ts, +!&)! s!" &"+&s"$'(&tt"' !"% t"st&(o#/. A t!"s" pot to t!" "s)$p$"
)o#)us&o# t!$t s!" +$s "#g$g"' &"g$ %")%u&t("#t $%g"s)$". T!us, t!" t%&$ )ou%t )o%%")t/ *ou#' t!" $pp"$#t gu&t/"/o#' %"$so#$" 'out o* t!" )%&(" o* &"g$ %")%u&t("#t $%g"s)$". T!" p"#$t/ &(pos"' upo# !"% &s $))o%'$#)" +&t! A%t&)" 3o* t!" C$o% o'".
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
20/68
T
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
21/68
t!"/ put &ssu" / t!" p"$'gs t!" *$&u%" o* t!" +%&tt"#$g%""("#t to "p%"ss t!" t%u" t"#t o* t!" p$%t&"s. R")o%' s!o+st!$t p%&4$t" %"spo#'"#ts '&' #ot "p%"ss/ p"$' t!$t t!" '""'s o*s$" +"%" )o(p"t" o% t!$t &t '&' #ot %"M")t t!" t"#t&o# o* t!"u/"% p"t&t&o#"%9 $#' t!" s""% p%&4$t" %"spo#'"#ts9. Su)! &ssu"(ust " s-u$%"/ p%"s"#t"'. %&4$t" %"spo#'"#ts ("%"/ $"g"'t!$t t!" s$" +$s su?")t to *ou% 9 )o#'&t&o#s +!&)! t!"/ t%&"' top%o4" 'u%g t%&$ / p$%o "4&'"#)". O4&ous/, t!&s )$##ot " 'o#",")$us" t!"/ '&' #ot p"$' $#/ o* t!" ")"pt&o#s ("#t&o#"' t!"
p$%o "4&'"#)" %u". T!"&% )$s" &s )o4"%"' / t!" g"#"%$ %u" t!$tt!" )o#t"#ts o* t!" +%&tg $%" t!" o#/ %"pos&to%/ o* t!" t"%(s o*t!" $g%""("#t. o#s&'"%g t!$t p%&4$t" %"spo#'"#t Os)$% I#o)"#t"s&s $ $+/"% $#' *o%("% u'g"9 !" +$s suppos"' to " st""p"' "g$ #o+"'g" $#' p%$)t&)"s $#' +$s "p")t"' to #o+ t!")o#s"-u"#)"s o* !&s s&g#g $ '""' o* $sout" s$". %st '""' o* $sout"s$" )o4"%g T%$#s*"% "%t&>)$t" o* T&t" TT9 No. 258628 p%o4&'"s p$%t:
T!$t *o% $#' )o#s&'"%$t&o# o* t!" su( o* T
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
22/68
'""'s o* s$". D"sp&t" p"t&t&o#"%;s t&("/ o?")t&o#s o# t!" g%ou#'t!$t t!" t%o'u)t&o# o* s$&' o%$ )o#'&t&o#s +$s $%%"' / t!" p$%o"4&'"#)" %u", t!" o+"% )ou%t #o#"t!""ss, $'(&tt"' t!"( $#'"4"#tu$/ '&s(&ss"' t!" )o(p$t $s +" $s t!" )ou#t"%)$&(. O#$pp"$, t!" ou%t o* App"$s A9 $%("' t!" )ou%t $ -uo.
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
23/68
#o+"'g" $#' p%$)t&)"s $#' +$s "p")t"' to #o+ t!")o#s"-u"#)"s 25o* !&s s&g#g $ '""' o* $sout" s$".
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
24/68
$#s+"% p"t&t&o#"% )o#t"#'s t!$t !" #"4"% so' t!" p%op"%t/ to t!"p%&4$t" %"spo#'"#ts $#' t!$t t!" s&g#$tu%" $pp"$%g t!" '""' o*$sout" s$" *$4o% o* t!" $tt"% +$s $ *o%g"%/, !"#)", t!" $"g"'s$" +$s >)t&t&ous $#' "&st"#t. T!" t%&$ )ou%t '"#&"' t!"p"t&t&o#"%;s (ot&o# $s +" $s sus"-u"#t (ot&o# *o%%")o#s&'"%$t&o#. "t&t&o#"% >"' $ p"t&t&o# *o% certiorari$#'p%o!&&t&o# "*o%" t!" ou%t o* App"$s s""g t!" #u&>)$t&o# o*t!" $ss$&"' o%'"%. T!" $pp"$t" ou%t '&s(&ss"' t!" p"t&t&o# *o%$) o* ("%&t. t $#' p%ot")t&o# o* t!" '&4&'u$ !&sp%&4$t" )$p$)&t/, &* &t )$# " '&sp"#s"' +&t! $#' %"-u&s!"' +&t!out*%gg o# $#/ pu&) %&g!t $#' +&t!out '"t%&("#t to t!")o((u#&t/ $t $%g". A))o%'g/, p"t&t&o#"%;s $'(&ss&o# t!"st&pu$t&o# o* *$)ts 'u%g t!" p%"t%&$ o* t!" )%&($ )$s" $(ou#tsto $ +$&4"% o* !&s '"*"#s" o* *o%g"%/ t!" )&4& )$s".
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
25/68
55103 $#' "#t&t"' Ro"%to $%os $#' T%&'$' . $%os 4. A%tu%oA$#o, "t $., )o#)"%#s t!" #u&t/ o* t!" s$" $#' %")o4"%/ o*poss"ss&o# $#' '$($g"s. I# t!" $*o%"("#t&o#"' &4& $s", p%&4$t"%"spo#'"#t >"' $ )o(p$t $g$st t!" p"t&t&o#"% s""g t!"$##u("#t o* t!" s")o#' s$" o* s$&' p$%)" o* $#' ($'" / t!"p"t&t&o#"% to $ )"%t$ =%'$ D$#'o/ o# t!" p%"(&s" t!$t t!" s$&'$#' +$s p%"4&ous/ so' to t!"(. I# !&s $#s+"%, p"t&t&o#"% )o#t"#'st!$t !" #"4"% so' t!" p%op"%t/ to t!" p%&4$t" %"spo#'"#ts $#' t!$t!&s s&g#$tu%" $pp"$%g t!" '""' o* $sout" s$" *$4o% o* t!"
$tt"% +$s $ *o%g"%/, !"#)", t!" $"g"' s$" +$s >)t&t&ous $#'"&st"#t. At t!&s ?u#)tu%", &t &s +o%t! ("#t&o#g t!$t t!" )&4& )$s"+$s >"' o# $%)! 1, 185, >4" /"$%s "*o%" u#" 1, 10 +!"#t!" )%&($ )$s" *o% "st$*$ +$s st&tut"'.
O# O)to"% 3, 11, t!" t%&$ )ou%t '"#&"' t!" p"t&t&o#"%;s (ot&o# $s+" $s $ sus"-u"#t (ot&o# *o% %")o#s&'"%$t&o#.
Agg%&"4"', p"t&t&o#"% >"' $ p"t&t&o# *o% )"%t&o%$%& $#' p%o!&&t&o#"*o%" t!" ou%t o* App"$s s""g t!" #u&>)$t&o# o* t!" $ss$&"'o%'"%.
O# u/ 26, 13, 4t!" ou%t o* App"$s '&s(&ss"' t!" p"t&t&o# *o%$) o* ("%&t, t!" '")%"t$ po%t&o# o* +!&)! %"$'s:
#'g #o ("%&t to t!" p"t&t&o#, t!"s$(" &s !"%"/ DISISS=D, +&t! )ost $g$stp"t&t&o#"%.
%st '""' o*$sout" s$" *$4o% o* p%&4$t" %"spo#'"#t +$s $ *o%g"%/, su)! t!$tt!"%" +$s #o s")o#' s$" )o4"%g t!" s$&' p$%)" o* $#'. Ot!"%+&s"st$t"', &* t!" ou%t t!" s$&' &4& $s" %u"s t!$t t!" >%st s$" to!"%" p%&4$t" %"spo#'"#t +$s #u $#' 4o&', 'u" to t!" *o%g"%/ o*p"t&t&o#"%;s s&g#$tu%" t!" >%st '""' o* s$", &t *oo+s t!$t t!")%&($ )$s" *o% "st$*$ +ou' #ot p%osp"%.
!&" $t >%st us! t!"%" s""(s to " ("%&t p"t&t&o#"%;s )$&(, +"$%" )o(p""' to $%( t!" ou%t o* App"$s; >#'gs.
T!" 'o)t%" o* p%"?u'&)&$ -u"st&o# )o("s to p$/ $ s&tu$t&o#
+!"%" $ )&4& $)t&o# $#' $ )%&($ $)t&o# $%" ot! p"#'g $#' t!"%""&sts t!" *o%("% $# &ssu" +!&)! (ust " p%""(pt&4"/ %"so4"'
"*o%" t!" )%&($ $)t&o# ($/ p%o)""', ")$us" !o+so"4"% t!"&ssu" %$&s"' t!" )&4& $)t&o# &s %"so4"' +ou' " '"t"%($t&4" o*t!" gu&t o% #o)"#)" o* t!" $))us"' t!" )%&($ $)t&o#. 5I#ot!"% +o%'s, &* ot! )&4& $#' )%&($ )$s"s !$4" s&(&$% &ssu"s o%t!" &ssu" o#" &s t&($t"/ %"$t"' to t!" &ssu"s %$&s"' t!"ot!"%, t!"# $ p%"?u'&)&$ -u"st&o# +ou' &"/ "&st, p%o4&'"' t!"ot!"% ""("#t o% )!$%$)t"%&st&) &s s$t&s>"'.
O# t!" $s&s o* t!" *o%"gog $#' $ p"%us$ o* t!" *$)ts ot$g
t!" )$s" $t $%, t!" '&spos&t&o# o* t!" &ssu" %$&s"' #""' #ot u#'u/'"t$ us. " !$4" $%"$'/ %u"' t!$t $ )%&($ $)t&o# *o% "st$*$*o% $"g"' 'ou" s$" o* p%op"%t/9 &s $ p%"?u'&)&$ -u"st&o# to $)&4& $)t&o# *o% #u&t/ o* t!" $"g"' '""' o* s$" $#' t!" '"*"#s" o*t!" $"g"' 4"#'o% &s t!" *o%g"%/ o* !&s s&g#$tu%" t!" '""'. !
Not+&t!st$#'g t!" $pp$%"#t p%"?u'&)&$ -u"st&o# o4"', t!"ou%t o* App"$s st& $%("' t!" O%'"% o* t!" t%&$ )ou%t '"#/gp"t&t&o#"%;s (ot&o# *o% t!" susp"#s&o# o* t!" p%o)""'g o# t!"g%ou#' t!$t p"t&t&o#"%, t!" st&pu$t&o# o* *$)ts, !$' $%"$'/$'(&tt"' 'u%g t!" p%"t%&$ o%'"% '$t"' O)to"% 5, 10 o* t!")%&($ )$s" t!" 4$&'&t/ o* !&s s&g#$tu%" t!" >%st '""' o* s$"
"t+""# !&( $#' t!" p%&4$t" %"spo#'"#t, $s +" $s !&s sus"-u"#t$)#o+"'g("#t o* !&s s&g#$tu%" t+"#t/t!%"" 239 )$s! 4ou)!"%s"4&'"#)g t!" p$/("#ts ($'" / t!" p%&4$t"%"spo#'"#t. "o%"o4"%, &t +$s $so #ot"' / t!" ou%t o* App"$st!$t p"t&t&o#"% "4"# +%ot" to t!" p%&4$t" %"spo#'"#t oL"%g to%"*u#' +!$t"4"% su( t!" $tt"% !$' p$&'. #
I# t!&s %"g$%', t!" p%"t%&$ p%o4&s&o# o# )%&($ p%o)"'u%" *ou#' Ru" 118 o* t!" Ru"s o* ou%t p%o4&'"s: CCp%
S"). 2. )re-tria! conference subects. K . . . T!"p%"t%&$ )o#*"%"#)" s!$ )o#s&'"% t!" *oo+g:
$9 "$ $%g$g9 St&pu$t&o# o* *$)ts
F%o( t!" *o%"gog, t!"%" &s #o -u"st&o# t!$t $ st&pu$t&o# o* *$)ts /t!" p$%t&"s $ )%&($ )$s" &s %")og#&"' $s '")$%$t&o#s)o#st&tutg ?u'&)&$ $'(&ss&o#s, !"#)", 'g upo# t!"p$%t&"s 1$$#' / 4&%tu" o* +!&)! t!" p%os")ut&o# '&sp"#s"' +&t! t!"t%o'u)t&o# o* $''&t&o#$ "4&'"#)" $#' t!" '"*"#s" +$&4"' t!" %&g!tto )o#t"st o% '&sput" t!" 4"%$)&t/ o* t!" st$t"("#t )o#t$"' t!""!&&t. 11
http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote4_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote5_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote6_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote7_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote8_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote9_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote10_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote11_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote4_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote5_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote6_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote7_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote8_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote9_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote10_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/13775?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=13775&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=111244&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote11_08/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
26/68
A))o%'g/, t!" st&pu$t&o# o* *$)ts st$t"' t!" p%"t%&$ o%'"%$(ou#ts to $# $'(&ss&o# / t!" p"t&t&o#"% %"sutg t!" +$&4"% o*!&s %&g!t to p%"s"#t "4&'"#)" o# !&s "!$*. !&" &t &s t%u" t!$t t!"%&g!t to p%"s"#t "4&'"#)" &s gu$%$#t""' u#'"% t!"o#st&tut&o#, 12t!&s %&g!t ($/ " +$&4"' "p%"ss/ o% &(p&"'/. 13
S)" t!" susp"#s&o# o* t!" )%&($ )$s" 'u" to $ p%"?u'&)&$-u"st&o# &s o#/ $ p%o)"'u%$ ($tt"%, t!" s$(" &s su?")t to $ +$&4"%/ 4&%tu" o* t!" p%&o% $)ts o* t!" $))us"'. A*t"% $, t!" 'o)t%" o*
+$&4"% &s ($'" so"/ *o% t!" "#">t $#' p%ot")t&o# o* t!" '&4&'u$ !&s p%&4$t" )$p$)&t/, &* &t )$# " '&sp"#s"' +&t! $#' %"-u&s!"'+&t!out *%gg o# $#/ pu&) %&g!t $#' +&t!out '"t%&("#t to t!")o((u#&t/ $t $%g". 14
A))o%'g/, p"t&t&o#"%;s $'(&ss&o# t!" st&pu$t&o# o* *$)ts 'u%gt!" p%"t%&$ o* t!" )%&($ $(ou#ts to $ +$&4"% o* !&s '"*"#s" o**o%g"%/ t!" )&4& )$s".
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
27/68
[G.R. No. 1581. F"%u$%/ , 2006.]
*ANB OF COMMERCE, )0% *OSTON *ANBOF THE PHILIPPINES,petitioner, vs. PERLA P.MANALO and CARLOS MANALO,JR.,respondents.
Gerrera Tee*an0ee ay!ona F Cabrera *o% p"t&t&o#"%.
Car!a 6. =anta+aria-=eEa *o% %"spo#'"#ts.
S=LLA*US
1.R==DIAC CAE A=ACSE =TITION FOR R=VI= ON =RTIORARIEONCJ C=GAC ISSB=S AJ @= RAIS=D IN A =TITION FOR R=VI= ON=RTIORARIE ==TION. K T!" %u" &s t!$t "*o%" t!&s ou%t, o#/"g$ &ssu"s ($/ " %$&s"' $ p"t&t&o# *o% %"4&"+ o# )"%t&o%$%&. T!"%"$so# &s t!$t t!&s ou%t &s #ot $ t%&"% o* *$)ts, $#' &s #ot to %"4&"+
$#' )$&%$t" t!" "4&'"#)" o# %")o%'. o%"o4"%, t!" >#'gs o* *$)tso* t!" t%&$ )ou%t, $s $%("' o# $pp"$ / t!" ou%t o* App"$s, $%")o#)us&4" o# t!&s ou%t u#"ss t!" )$s" *$s u#'"% $#/ o* t!"*oo+g ")"pt&o#s: 19 +!"# t!" )o#)us&o# &s $ >#'g g%ou#'"'"#t&%"/ o# sp")u$t&o#s, su%(&s"s $#' )o#?")tu%"sE 29 +!"# t!"*"%"#)" ($'" &s ($#&*"st/ (&st$"#, $su%' o% &(poss&"E 39+!"%" t!"%" &s $ g%$4" $us" o* '&s)%"t&o#E 9 +!"# t!" ?u'g("#t &s$s"' o# $ (&s$pp%"!"#s&o# o* *$)tsE 59 +!"# t!" >#'gs o* *$)t$%" )o#M&)tgE 69 +!"# t!" ou%t o* App"$s, ($g &ts >#'gs+"#t "/o#' t!" &ssu"s o* t!" )$s" $#' t!" s$(" &s )o#t%$%/ to t!"$'(&ss&o#s o* ot! $pp"$#t $#' $pp"""E 79 +!"# t!" >#'gs $%")o#t%$%/ to t!os" o* t!" t%&$ )ou%tE 89 +!"# t!" >#'gs o* *$)t $%"
)o#)us&o#s +&t!out )&t$t&o# o* sp")&>) "4&'"#)" o# +!&)! t!"/ $%"$s"'E 9 +!"# t!" *$)ts s"t *o%t! t!" p"t&t&o# $s +" $s t!"p"t&t&o#"%s; ($ $#' %"p/ %&"*s $%" #ot '&sput"' / t!"%"spo#'"#tsE $#' 109 +!"# t!" >#'gs o* *$)t o* t!" ou%t o*App"$s $%" p%"(&s"' o# t!" suppos"' $s"#)" o* "4&'"#)" $#')o#t%$'&)t"' / t!" "4&'"#)" o# %")o%'.
2.ID.E ID.E ID.E T#'s t!$t to 'o so &s #")"ss$%/ to
$%%&4" $t $ ?ust '")&s&o#, o% +!"# $# &ssu" &s )os"/ %"$t"' to $#&ssu" %$&s"' t!" t%&$ )ou%t $#' t!" ou%t o* App"$s $#' &s#")"ss$%/ *o% $ ?ust $#' )o(p"t" %"sout&o# o* t!" )$s". !"# t!"t%&$ )ou%t '")&'"s $ )$s" *$4o% o* $ p$%t/ o# )"%t$ g%ou#'s, t!"ou%t ($/ $s" &ts '")&s&o# upo# so(" ot!"% pots, +!&)! t!" t%&$)ou%t o% $pp"$t" )ou%t &g#o%"' o% "%%o#"ous/ '")&'"' *$4o% o* $p$%t/.
3.IVIC CAE S=IAC ONTRATSE SAC=SE ONTRAT OF SAC= IS
=RF=T=D AT T"' / o#" o*t!" )o#t%$)tg p$%t&"s, &* $))"pt"' / t!" ot!"%, g&4"s %&s" to $p"%*")t"' s$". It &s #ot "#oug! *o% t!" p$%t&"s to $g%"" o# t!" p%&)"o* t!" p%op"%t/. T!" p$%t&"s (ust $so $g%"" o# t!" ($##"% o*p$/("#t o* t!" p%&)" o* t!" p%op"%t/ to g&4" %&s" to $ 'g $#'"#*o%)"$" )o#t%$)t o* s$" o% )o#t%$)t to s". T!&s &s so ")$us"t!" $g%""("#t $s to t!" ($##"% o* p$/("#t go"s to t!" p%&)",su)! t!$t $ '&s$g%""("#t o# t!" ($##"% o* p$/("#t &s t$#t$(ou#t
to $ *$&u%" to $g%"" o# t!" p%&)". I# $ )o#t%$)t to s" p%op"%t/ /st$("#ts, &t &s #ot "#oug! t!$t t!" p$%t&"s $g%"" o# t!" p%&)" $s
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
28/68
+" $s t!" $(ou#t o* 'o+#p$/("#t. T!" p$%t&"s (ust, &"+&s",$g%"" o# t!" ($##"% o* p$/("#t o* t!" $$#)" o* t!" pu%)!$s"p%&)" $#' o# t!" ot!"% t"%(s $#' )o#'&t&o#s %"$t&4" to t!" s$".=4"# &* t!" u/"% ($"s $ 'o+#p$/("#t o% po%t&o# t!"%"o*, su)!p$/("#t )$##ot " )o#s&'"%"' $s su)&"#t p%oo* o* t!" p"%*")t&o#o* $#/ pu%)!$s" $#' s$" "t+""# t!" p$%t&"s.
5.ID.E ID.E ID.E T), %"p"t&t&4" )o#'u)t t!$t (&g!t )o#st&tut" "4&'"#)" o*!$&t. T!" "$(p"s oL"%"' "4&'"#)" to p%o4" !$&t, o% p$tt"%# o*"4&'"#)" (ust " #u("%ous "#oug! to $s" o# *"%"#)" o*s/st"($t&) )o#'u)t. "%" s&(&$%&t/ o* )o#t%$)ts 'o"s #ot p%"s"#tt!" ' o* su)&"#t/ s&(&$% )&%)u(st$#)"s to out+"&g! t!" '$#g"%o* p%"?u'&)" $#' )o#*us&o#. I# '"t"%(g +!"t!"% t!" "$(p"s$%" #u("%ous "#oug!, $#' su)&"#t/ %"gu$%, t!" "/ )%&t"%&$ $%"$'"-u$)/ o* s$(pg $#' u#&*o%(&t/ o* %"spo#s". A*t"% $, !$&t("$#s $ )ou%s" o* "!$4&o% o* $ p"%so# %"gu$%/ %"p%"s"#t"' &")&%)u(st$#)"s. It &s o#/ +!"# "$(p"s oL"%"' to "st$&s! p$tt"%#
o* )o#'u)t o% !$&t $%" #u("%ous "#oug! to os" $# *"%"#)" o*s/st"($t&) )o#'u)t t!$t "$(p"s $%" $'(&ss&". T!" "/ )%&t"%&$$%" $'"-u$)/ o* s$(pg $#' u#&*o%(&t/ o* %"spo#s" o% %$t&o o*%"$)t&o# to s&tu$t&o#s.
D E C I S I O N
CALLEJO, SR.,J p:
@"*o%" us &s $ "t&t&o# *o% R"4&"+ o# Certiorario* t!" D")&s&o# 1o*t!" ou%t o* App"$s A9 AG.R. V No. 758 $%(g, o#$pp"$, t!" D")&s&o# 2o* t!" R"g&o#$ T%&$ ou%t RT9 o* Pu"o#&t/, @%$#)! 8, &4& $s" No. P8305.
T% An/%&%d%n/(
T!" $4&"%4&" =st$t", I#). =I9 +$s t!" o+#"% o* p$%)"s o* $#' Pu"o# &t/, #o+# $s t!" $4&"%4&" =st$t" Su'&4&s&o#, +&t! $#$%"$ o* 2 !")t$%"s. =I )$us"' t!" su'&4&s&o# o* t!" p%op"%t/ to%"s&'"#t&$ ots, +!&)! +$s t!"# oL"%"' *o% s$" to '&4&'u$ otu/"%s. 3
http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/10385?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=10385&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=158149&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote1_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/10385?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=10385&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=158149&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote2_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/10385?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=10385&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=158149&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote3_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/10385?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=10385&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=158149&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote1_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/10385?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=10385&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=158149&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote2_0http://www.cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/10385?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=10385&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=&q%5Bissue_no%5D=158149&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote3_08/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
29/68
O# S"pt"("% 8, 167, =I, t!%oug! &ts G"#"%$ $#$g"%, A#to#&oR$(os, $s 4"#'o%, $#' T!" O4"%s"$s @$# o* $#&$ O@9, $s4"#'"", "")ut"' $ D""' o* S$" o* R"$ =st$t" o4"% so("%"s&'"#t&$ ots t!" su'&4&s&o#, )u'g Cot 1, @o) 2, +&t! $#$%"$ o* 07.5 s-u$%" ("t"%s, $#' Cot 2, @o) 2, +&t! $# $%"$ o*832.80 s-u$%" ("t"%s. T!" t%$#s$)t&o# +$s su?")t to t!" $pp%o4$o* t!" @o$%' o* D&%")to%s o* O@, $#' +$s )o4"%"' / %"$ "st$t"(o%tg$g"s *$4o% o* t!" !&&pp" N$t&o#$ @$# $s s")u%&t/ *o% &ts$))ou#t $(ou#tg to 5,187,000.00, $#' t!" "#t%$ @$# o* t!"
!&&pp"s $s s")u%&t/ *o% $'4$#)"s $(ou#tg to22,185,13.7. 4N"4"%t!""ss, =I )o#tu"' s"g t!"%"s&'"#t&$ ots t!" su'&4&s&o# $s $g"#t o* O@. 5
So("t&(" 172, t!"# =I p%"s&'"#t =("%&to R$(os, %. )o#t%$)t"'t!" s"%4&)"s o* =#g%. $%os $#$o, %. +!o +$s us"ss o*'%&g '""p +$t"% +"s $#' st$g pu(ps u#'"% t!" us"ss#$(" "' $#' )o%po%$t"' t!" )o#'&t&o#$s$". $#$o, %. ("t +&t! R$(os $#' *o%("' !&( t!$t !" $#' !&s+&*" "%$ !$' )!os"# Cots 1 $#' 2 o* @o) 2 +&t! $ tot$ $%"$ o*1,70.3 s-u$%" ("t"%s. )A=$S
I# $ "tt"% '$t"' August 22, 172 to "%$ $#$o, R$(os )o#>%("'t!" %"s"%4$t&o# o* t!" ots. 4" 59 '$/s *%o( %")"&pt o* t!" #ot&)" o*%"su(pt&o# o* su)! s"g op"%$t&o#s. It +$s $so st$t"' t!" "tt"%t!$t, t!" ("$#t&(", t!" spous"s ($/ t%o'u)" &(p%o4"("#tst!"%"o# su?")t to t!" %u"s $#' %"gu$t&o#s &(pos"' / =I t!"su'&4&s&o#. "%$ $#$o )o#*o%("' to t!" "tt"% $g%""("#t. !
T!" spous"s $#$o too poss"ss&o# o* t!" p%op"%t/ o# S"pt"("%2, 172, )o#st%u)t"' $ !ous" t!"%"o#, $#' st$"' $ *"#)" $%ou#'t!" p"%&("t"% o* t!" ots.
I# t!" ("$#t&(", ($#/ o* t!" ot u/"%s %"*us"' to p$/ t!"&%(o#t!/ st$("#ts u#t& t!"/ +"%" $ssu%"' t!$t t!"/ +ou' "&ssu"' To%%"#s t&t"s o4"% t!" ots t!"/ !$' pu%)!$s"'. "T!"spous"s $#$o +"%" #ot&>"' o* t!" %"su(pt&o# o* t!" s"gop"%$t&o#s o* =I. #
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
30/68
'"($#' +ou' &(p" &t to $4$& o* t!" %"("'&"s $s p%o4&'"' t!"&%)o#t%$)t o* )o#'&t&o#$ s$". 1#
"$#+!&", o# D")"("% 5, 17, t!" R"g&st"% o* D""'s &ssu"'T%$#s*"% "%t&>)$t" o* T&t" TT9 No. T265822 o4"% Cot 1, @o) 2,$#' TT No. T265823 o4"% Cot 2, @o) 2, *$4o% o* t!"O@. 2$T!" &"# *$4o% o* t!" "#t%$ @$# o* t!" !&&pp"s +$s$##ot$t"' $t t!" 'o%s$ po%t&o# o* s$&' t&t", +!&)! +$s $t"%)$#)""' o# August , 180. 21
Sus"-u"#t/, t!" o(("%)&$ @$# o* $#&$ @9 $)-u&%"' t!"$4&"%4&" =st$t" *%o( O@. @ +%ot" ='&"%to Ng, t!" p%"s&'"#to* $4&"%4&" "' $ )o(p$t 2!*o% u#$+*u '"t$"%$g$st t!" spous"s +&t! t!" "t%opo&t$# T%&$ ou%t o* Pu"o# &t/.T!" )$s" +$s 'o)"t"' $s &4& $s" No. 51618. @ )$&("' t!$tt!" spous"s !$' ""# u#$+*u/ o))up/g t!" p%op"%t/ +&t!out &ts)o#s"#t $#' t!$t '"sp&t" &ts '"($#'s, t!"/ %"*us"' to 4$)$t" t!"p%op"%t/. T!" $tt"% $"g"' t!$t t!"/, $s 4"#'o%s, $#' =I, $s
4"#'"", !$' $ )o#t%$)t o* s$" o4"% t!" ots +!&)! !$' #ot /"t ""#%"s)'"'.2"
!&" t!" )$s" +$s p"#'g, t!" spous"s $#$o +%ot" @ to oL"%$# $(&)$" s"tt"("#t, p%o(&sg to $&'" / t!" pu%)!$s" p%&)" o*t!" p%op"%t/ 313,172.39, p"% $g%""("#t +&t! =I, t!%oug!R$(os. "' $ )o(p$t *o% sp")&>) p"%*o%($#)" $#''$($g"s $g$st t!" $# "*o%" t!" R"g&o#$ T%&$ ou%t RT9 o*Pu"o# &t/ o# O)to"% 31, 18.
T!" p$t&Ls $"g"' t!"%" t!$t t!"/ !$' $+$/s ""# %"$'/, $"$#' +&g to p$/ t!" st$("#ts o# t!" ots so' to t!"( / t!"'"*"#'$#t;s %"(ot" p%"'")"sso%t"%"st, $s (&g!t " o%
st&pu$t"' t!" )o#t%$)t o* s$", ut #o )o#t%$)t +$s *o%t!)o(gEt!"/ )o#st%u)t"' t!"&% !ous" +o%t! 2,000,000.00 o# t!" p%op"%t/ goo' *$&t!E $#$o, %., *o%("' t!" '"*"#'$#t, t!%oug! &ts )ou#s",o# O)to"% 15, 188 t!$t !" +ou' $&'" / t!" t"%(s $#')o#'&t&o#s o* !&s o%&g$ $g%""("#t +&t! t!" '"*"#'$#t;sp%"'")"sso%t"%"stE 'u%g t!" !"$%g o* t!" "?")t("#t )$s" o#O)to"% 16, 188, t!"/ oL"%"' to p$/ 313,172.3 %"p%"s"#tg t!"$$#)" o# t!" pu%)!$s" p%&)" o* s$&' otsE su)! t"#'"% o* p$/("#t+$s %"?")t"', so t!$t t!" su?")t ots )ou' " so' $t )o#s&'"%$/!&g!"% p%&)"s to t!&%' p$%t&"s. )I=T"' t!" %"-u&%"("#ts o* t!" N"+ &4& o'". "' t!" st$#t p"t&t&o# *o% %"4&"+o# certiorari$ss$&g t!" A %ugs. It ($t$s t!$t, $s !"' /t!" A, t!" %")o%'s 'o #ot %"M")t $#/ s)!"'u" o* p$/("#t o* t!"80U $$#)" o* t!" pu%)!$s" p%&)", o% 278,8.00. "t&t&o#"% s&stst!$t u#"ss t!" p$%t&"s !$' $g%""' o# t!" ($##"% o* p$/("#t o* t!"p%)&p$ $(ou#t, )u'g t!" ot!"% t"%(s $#' )o#'&t&o#s o* t!")o#t%$)t, t!"%" +ou' " #o "&stg )o#t%$)t o* s$" o% )o#t%$)t tos". 4!"t&t&o#"% $4"%s t!$t t!" "tt"% $g%""("#t to %"spo#'"#tspous"s '$t"' August 22, 172 ("%"/ )o#>%("' t!"&% %"s"%4$t&o#*o% t!" pu%)!$s" o* Cot Nos. 1 $#' 2, )o#s&stg o* 1,70.3 s-u$%"("t"%s, (o%" o% "ss, $t t!" p%&)" o* 200.00 p"% s-u$%" ("t"% o%38,060.009, t!" $(ou#t o* t!" 'o+#p$/("#t t!"%"o# $#' t!"
$pp&)$t&o# o* t!" 3,887.00 'u" *%o( R$(os $s p$%t o* su)!'o+#p$/("#t. $I
8/10/2019 RULE 130 cases
33/68
$g%"" o# t!" ($##"% o* p$/("#t o* t!" pu%)!$s" p%&)" $s $p%"%"-u&s&t" to $ 4$&' )o#t%$)t to s". T!" %"spo#'"#ts )&t" t!"%ug o* t!&s ou%t Buenaventura v. Court of ;ppea!s4"tosuppo%t t!"&% su(&ss&o#.
T!"/ $%gu" t!$t "4"# &* t!" ($##"% $#' t&("" *o% t!" p$/("#t o*t!" $$#)" o* t!" pu%)!$s" p%&)" o* t!" p%op"%t/ &s $# "ss"#t&$%"-u&s&t" o* $ )o#t%$)t to s", #"4"%t!""ss, $s s!o+# / t!"&% "tt"%$g%""("#t o* August 22, 172 +&t! t!" O@, t!%oug! =I $#' t!"
ot!"% "tt"%s to t!"(, $# $g%""("#t +$s %"$)!"' $s to t!" ($##"%o* p$/("#t o* t!" $$#)" o* t!" pu%)!$s" p%&)". T!"/ pot out t!$tsu)! "tt"%s %"*"%%"' to t!" t"%(s o* t!" t"%(s o* t!" '""'s o*)o#'&t&o#$ s$" "")ut"' / =I *$4o% o* t!" ot!"% ot u/"%s t!" su'&4&s&o#, +!&)! )o#t$"' u#&*o%( t"%(s o* 120 "-u$(o#t!/ st$("#ts ")u'g t!" 'o+#p$/("#t, ut )us&4" o*p%")o(put"' t"%"sts9. T!" %"spo#'"#ts $ss"%t t!$t =I +$s $ %"$"st$t" %o"% $#' #"+ t!$t t!" )o#t%$)ts o4g %"s&'"#t&$ ots t!" su'&4&s&o# )o#t$"' u#&*o%( t"%(s $s to t!" ($##"% $#'t&("" o* t!" p$/("#t o* t!" pu%)!$s" p%&)" o* s$&' ots.
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p%op"%t/E 39
