RubbeR ReinfoRcement by filleRs, fibRes and textiles · RubbeR ReinfoRcement by filleRs, fibRes and textiles Rubber Foundation Lecture - The Future of ... an in-chain functionalized

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RubbeR ReinfoRcement by filleRs, fibRes and textilesa two day confeRence 18 –19 / decembeR / 2012 Queen maRy univeRsity of london / uK

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RubbeR ReinfoRcement by filleRs, fibRes and textiles


summaRy the confeRence

this materials Knowledge transfer network (Ktn) report has been produced as an overview of the presentations in rubber research presented at Rubber Reinforcement by fillers, fibres and textiles - a two day conference that was

held on the 18th and 19th of december 2012 at Queen mary university of london, london, uK.

the materials Ktn is a uK national network for materials companies, researchers and individuals and actively works to increase the viability of the sector by helping member companies to gain a competitive edge. this is achieved through business support, relevant commercial and funding opportunities and networking and knowledge transfer events. our network includes members from industry, research and training organisations, academia, designers and individuals.

the materials Ktn was represented by dr sally beken at this two-day conference which was organised by the Rubber in engineering Group (RieG); a committee of the Polymer society of the institute of materials minerals and mining ( iom3), uK. this report is a record of the presentations made by the 27 speakers. for further information on the papers or to be put in contact with any of the speakers please contact

Dr Sally [email protected]

the two day conference at Queen mary university london (Qmul) provided a forum for the presentation of new development & research in rubber composite applications. it also fostered the exchange of ideas and new approaches in rubber composites. Presentations were made regarding the applications, experimental investigations and theoretical work; for particle, fibre and textile reinforced rubber and related materials.

the conference was well attended with 115 delegates from 21 different countries. there was a dedicated room for networking with associated exhibition space. the conference was sponsored by Birla, Gearing Scientific, Netzsch, Qmul, the Polymer society and aRtis. there was also an accompanying poster session.




the RieG organises regular meetings and conferences on the theme of understanding the use of elastomers as engineering materials with iom3 sections and professional bodies. it also encourages and facilitates the publication of educational material to promote understanding of the engineering properties of elastomers.

Rubbers, or elastomers, have remarkable properties. By embedding particles, short or long fibres or textiles, the characteristics can be transformed and tailored to give extremely useful products in a wide range of applications. Specifically, by forming such rubber composites, major changes can be made to force-deformation behaviour (e.g. stiffness, damping and anisotropy) and strength, fatigue and wear characteristics. the development of such rubber composites remains a principal route for innovation in rubbery materials, enabling new uses or improved technical performance or lower cost in existing applications. theoretical understanding of rubber composites is incomplete and work to develop better predictive models continues. all the papers presented sat within the technical scope described above.

Understanding filler reinforcement of elastomers: a review Vince Coveney, Chris Bowen (Weatherford, UK & University of Bath, UK)

Finite element based micro - mechanical modelling of filler reinforced elastomer Deepanshu Sodhani & Stefanie Reese (RWTH Aachen, Germany)

Visco-elasticity of filled elastomers at very small strains Lewis Tunnicliffe, Alan Thomas & James Busfield (Queen Mary University of London, UK)

Dielectric relaxation of carbon black filled rubber Menglong Huang, Alan Thomas & James Busfield (Queen Mary University of London, UK)

Cyclic stress softening of filled and unfilled rubber vulcanizates during repeated loading and unloading Stephen Rickaby (University of East Anglia, UK)

Mesoscale modelling of reinforcement and non linear properties of filled elastomers P. Sotta, O. Sanseau, D. R. Long & S. Merabia (CNRS/Rhodia, France & Université de Lyon, France)

Fatigue crack growth dynamics in filled rubber L. Munoz, C. Fayolle, L. Vanel, P. Sotta, D. Long, O. Sanseau & L. Odoni (CNRS/Rhodia & Université de Lyon, France)

A microstructure-based model for filled elastomers Daniel Juhre and Manfred Klueppel (Deutsches Institut für Kautschuktechnologie e. V., Germany)

PRoGRammethe oRGaniseRs technical scoPe

Predicting stiffness and delamination of fibre reinforced elastomeric layers using finite element analysis techniques Salim Mirza (Materials Engineering Research Laboratory, UK)

On the influence of tensile-torsion coupling in the mechanical behaviour of rubber/cord composites G. Perrella, A.Cutolo, L. Esposito, S. Cotugno, M.G. Pastore Carbone, G. Mensitieri and M. Fraldi (University of Napoli Federico II, Italy & Bridgestone Technical Center Europe, Italy)

Reinforcement of high performance elastomer compounds by fibres and particulate fillers Cristian Oprisoni & Martin Saewe (Rhein Chemie, Germany)

NR / organoclay nanocomposites with silane coupling agents David Lowe, Andy Chapman, Stuart Cook & James Busfield (Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre, UK & Queen Mary University of London, UK)

AFM studies of filler morphology in strained silica-filled rubbers Anna Kępas-Suwara & Stuart Cook (Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre, UK)

Understanding rubber reinforcement: the importance of filler-rubber interface and glassy polymer layers Juan Valentin, M.A. Malmierca, P. Posadas, I. Mora-Barrantes, A.Rodriguez, L. Ibarra (Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Spain)

Modelling of strain amplification effects in filled elastomer Jan Domurath1, Marina Saphiannikova1, Thomas Horst1,2,Gert Heinrich1,2 (1 Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Germany; 2 Technische Universität Dresden, Germany)




Rubber Foundation Lecture - The Future of Modified Thermoplastic Elastomers as a Class of Soft Materials for Advanced Technologies Richard Spontak (North Carolina State University, USA)

In-situ study of the fragmentation process of agglomerated filler in a rubber matrix Edith Peuvrel-Disdier (UMR CNRS / Ecole des Mines de Paris, France)

Nano architecture design for tire compounds Salvatore Cotugno, Ken Yamaguchi, Satoshi Hamatani, Hiroshi Kadowaki & Keizo Akutagawa (Bridgestone Corporation, Italy & Japan)

Carbon nanotube-reinforced elastomers Liliane Bokobza, (ESPCI ParisTech, France)

The use of a surface-modified carbon black with an in-chain functionalized solution SSBR as an alternative to higher cost green tire technology Judy Douglas, Joseph Hallett, Steve Crossley, David Hardy, Thomas Groß, Norbert Steinhauser, (Lanxess, Germany & Birla Carbon, Germany)

The effect of filler level and type on fatigue life of a gaiter for use downhole R. Amali, Chris Bowen, Vince Coveney, J.Crowley, P.A. Kukian, D. Stroud (University of the West of England, UK, University of Bath, UK & Weatherford, UK)

Dynamic void volume measurements of carbon black George Joyce and William Henry (Birla Carbon, USA)

Tailor made carbon blacks - a key to fulfilling the requirements of tire labelling Michael Heinz (Orion Engineered Carbons GmbH, Germany)

Practical solutions to the problems of health, safety, cost and environmental in the rubber industry using crosslinking fillers to cure and reinforce rubber compounds Ali Ansarifar (Loughborough University, UK)

Teijin Aramid’s eco efficiency analysis for conveyor belts Gerard van den Hondel (Teijin Aramid B.V. The Netherlands)

Application of silica-reinforced epoxidised natural rubber (ENR) in green tyre tread compounds Jaymini Patel, Pamela Martin, Paul Brown, Andy Chapman and Stuart Cook (Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre, UK)

Short fibre reinforcement for high load bearing capacity with improved fatigue life of run flat rubber Nagarajan Chellachamy (Camberley Rubber, UK)

Investigations into the Fatigue Life of Rubber Timing Belts and Reinforcing Glass Cords Craig Hayes, Chris Stevens (NGF EUROPE Limited, UK)

POSTER PAPERS

Characterisation of an inverted composite made from recycled rubber crumb and high density Polyethylene E.Onyshchenko & P. Wongwiwattana (London Metropolitan University, UK)

Investigation on the properties of a NR/SBR blend reinforced by surface modified nano-silica Mercedeh Malekzadeh, Saeed Taghvaei-Ganjali, Jamaledin Hoveizi, Negar Habibzadeh & Saghar Setayeshifard, (Islamic Azad University, Iran & Petrochemical Research and Technology Company, Iran)

Hollow Sphere filler elastomer foam materials Robert Shorter & James Busfield (DSTL, UK and Queen Mary University of London, UK)

Recovery of tyre materials Martyn Bennett (ARTIS, UK)

Anisotropic dynamic mechanical properties of glass filled rubber Chris Stevens (NGF EUROPE Limited, UK)

Macroscopic modelling of foams and other compressible rubbery materials N Townsend, V Coveney, G Chagnon (University of the West of England, UK; Weatherford, UK & Université Joseph Fourier, France)

Hollow rubber for shock absorption Per Erik Austrell (Lund University, Sweden)

Effects of Modified S-SBR Rubbers on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Silica-reinforced Tire tread Compounds S.Maghami, W.K. Dierkes, T.V. Tolpekina, S.M. Schultz, J.W.M. Noordermeer (University of Twente, The Netherlands and Apollo Vredestein, The Netherlands)

Phthalate free plasticizer used for the determination of oil absorption number (OAN) C. Bergmann, J. Trimbach (Hansen & Rosenthal, Germany), M. Schwarz (Brabender, Germany), M. Mongardi (Cabot, Italy), B. Paley (Cancarb Limited, Canada) and J. Lacayo (Continental, Germany)

Interface dielectric response in silica filled rubber compounds J Otegui, G.A. Schwartz, S. Cerveny, J. Colmenero (Centro de Fisica de Materiales, Spain) & J. Loichen and S. Westermann (Goodyear Innovation Center, Luxembourg)

Dielectric study of hydration water in silica nano-particles S. Cerveny, G.A. Schwartz, J Otegui, J. Colmenero (Centro de Fisica de Materiales, Spain) & J. Loichen and S. Westermann (Goodyear Innovation Center, Luxembourg)

Silicone rubber based nanocomposites N.I. Nik-Ismail, M. Song and A. Ansarifar (Loughborough University, UK)

On modelling stress-strain behaviour of rubber at high strain S. Kamaruddin, A. Muhr, G.E. Hearn (University of Southampton, UK and TARRC, UK)

Multi-scale modelling of the polymer-filler interaction G. Maurel, B. Schnell, F. Goujon, M. Couty and P. Malfreyt (MICHELIN, France and Université Blaise Pascal, France)

Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Vulcanized Conductive Rubber Blends E. Bakhtiarian, P. Foot, P.M. Tate (Kingston University, UK)

Multi-axial Mullins effect in EPDM subjected to complex strain histories Vanessa A. Fernandes and Davide S.A. De Focatiis (University of Nottingham)




Understanding filler reinforcement of elastomers: a review Vince Coveney, Chris Bowen (Weatherford, UK & University of Bath, UK)







Finite element based micro - mechanical modelling of filler reinforced elastomer Deepanshu Sodhani & Stefanie Reese (RWTH Aachen, Germany)








Visco-elasticity of filled elastomers at very small strains Lewis Tunnicliffe, Alan Thomas & James Busfield (Queen Mary University of London, UK)







Dielectric relaxation of carbon black filled rubber Menglong Huang, Alan Thomas & James Busfield (Queen Mary University of London, UK)







Cyclic stress softening of filled and unfilled rubber vulcanizates during repeated loading and unloading Stephen Rickaby (University of East Anglia, UK)













Mesoscale modelling of reinforcement and non linear properties of filled elastomers P. Sotta, O. Sanseau, D. R. Long & S. Merabia (CNRS/Rhodia, France & Université de Lyon, France)







Fatigue crack growth dynamics in filled rubber L. Munoz, C. Fayolle, L. Vanel, P. Sotta, D. Long, O. Sanseau & L. Odoni (CNRS/Rhodia & Université de Lyon, France)






A microstructure-based model for filled elastomers Daniel Juhre and Manfred Klueppel (Deutsches Institut für Kautschuktechnologie e. V., Germany)











Predicting stiffness and delamination of fibre reinforced elastomeric layers using finite element analysis techniques Salim Mirza (Materials Engineering Research Laboratory, UK)










On the influence of tensile-torsion coupling in the mechanical behaviour of rubber/cord composites G. Perrella, A.Cutolo, L. Esposito, S. Cotugno, M.G. Pastore Carbone, G. Mensitieri and M. Fraldi (University of Napoli Federico II, Italy & Bridgestone Technical Center Europe, Italy)







Reinforcement of high performance elastomer compounds by fibres and particulate fillers Cristian Oprisoni & Martin Saewe (Rhein Chemie, Germany)










NR / organoclay nanocomposites with silane coupling agents David Lowe, Andy Chapman, Stuart Cook & James Busfield (Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre, UK & Queen Mary University of London, UK)







AFM studies of filler morphology in strained silica-filled rubbers Anna Kępas-Suwara & Stuart Cook (Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre, UK)







Understanding rubber reinforcement: the importance of filler-rubber interface and glassy polymer layers Juan Valentin, M.A. Malmierca, P. Posadas, I. Mora-Barrantes, A.Rodriguez, L. Ibarra (Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Spain)










Modelling of strain amplification effects in filled elastomer Jan Domurath1, Marina Saphiannikova1, Thomas Horst1,2,Gert Heinrich1,2 (1 Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Germany; 2 Technische Universität Dresden, Germany)







Rubber Foundation Lecture - The Future of Modified Thermoplastic Elastomers as a Class of Soft Materials for Advanced Technologies Richard Spontak (North Carolina State University, USA)




In-situ study of the fragmentation process of agglomerated filler in a rubber matrix Edith Peuvrel-Disdier (UMR CNRS / Ecole des Mines de Paris, France)







Nano architecture design for tire compounds Salvatore Cotugno, Ken Yamaguchi, Satoshi Hamatani, Hiroshi Kadowaki & Keizo Akutagawa (Bridgestone Corporation, Italy & Japan)







Carbon nanotube-reinforced elastomers Liliane Bokobza, (ESPCI ParisTech, France)













The use of a surface-modified carbon black with an in-chain functionalized solution SSBR as an alternative to higher cost green tire technology Judy Douglas, Joseph Hallett, Steve Crossley, David Hardy, Thomas Groß, Norbert Steinhauser, (Lanxess, Germany & Birla Carbon, Germany)







The effect of filler level and type on fatigue life of a gaiter for use downhole R. Amali, Chris Bowen, Vince Coveney, J.Crowley, P.A. Kukian, D. Stroud (University of the West of England, UK, University of Bath, UK & Weatherford, UK)







Dynamic void volume measurements of carbon black George Joyce and William Henry (Birla Carbon, USA)










Tailor made carbon blacks - a key to fulfilling the requirements of tire labelling Michael Heinz (Orion Engineered Carbons GmbH, Germany)










Practical solutions to the problems of health, safety, cost and environmental in the rubber industry using crosslinking fillers to cure and reinforce rubber compounds Ali Ansarifar (Loughborough University, UK)







Teijin Aramid’s eco efficiency analysis for conveyor belts Gerard van den Hondel (Teijin Aramid B.V. The Netherlands)







Application of silica-reinforced epoxidised natural rubber (ENR) in green tyre tread compounds Jaymini Patel, Pamela Martin, Paul Brown, Andy Chapman and Stuart Cook (Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre, UK)










Short fibre reinforcement for high load bearing capacity with improved fatigue life of run flat rubber Nagarajan Chellachamy (Camberley Rubber, UK)







Investigations into the Fatigue Life of Rubber Timing Belts and Reinforcing Glass Cords Craig Hayes, Chris Stevens (NGF EUROPE Limited, UK)




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RieG website www.rieg.org.uk

Polymer society website www.iom3.org/content/polymer-society

iom3 website www.iom3.org

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RubbeR ReinfoRcement by filleRs, fibRes and textiles · RubbeR ReinfoRcement by filleRs, fibRes and textiles Rubber Foundation Lecture - The Future of ... an in-chain functionalized