R.R.S. DISCOVERY CRUISE 45 - Eprintseprints.soton.ac.uk/392208/1/1178748-1001.pdf · RRS DISCOVERY CRUISE 45 February ... Decapod Crustacea (P. Foxton) 7 ... Bioluminescence (P.J

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY

WORMLEY, GODALMING. SURREY

R.R.S. DISCOVERY

CRUISE 45

FEBRUARY - APRIL 1972

PLANKTON INVESTIGATIONS AT l l °N 20<'W,

IS-N 25°W and 30°N 23°W

N. I. O. CRUISE REPORT No. 50

(Issued July 1972)

N.I.O. CRUISE REPORTS

CRUISE No. and/or DATE REPORT No.

R. R. S. "DISCOVERY"

1 / International \ Published and 2 I Indian Ocean > distributed by the 3 \ Expedit ion I Royal Society

4 February - March 1965 4

37 November - December 1970 37

38 January - April 1971 41

39 April - June 1971 40

40 June - July 1971 48

41 August - September 1971 45

42 September 1971 49

43 October - November 1971 47

44 December 1971 46

45 February - April 1972 50

M.V. "SURVEYOR"

February - April 1971 38

June 1971 39*

August 1971 42*

N. C. "MARCEL BAYARD"

June, August, September 1971 44

•NOT DISTRIBUTED

%1 Ur^ — ' O 0\

National Institute of Oceanography,

Wormley, Godalming, Surrey.

RRS DISCOVERY CRUISE 45

February - April 1972

Plankton Investigations at 11"N 20®¥,

18*N 25"W and 30"N 23'W.

NIO Cruise Report No. 50

(issued July 1972)

CONTENTS

Page

Scientific personnel 1

Abbreviations 2

Introduction 2

Itinerary 2

Siphonophores (P. Pugh) 4 Euphausiids (P.T. James) 5 Amphipods (M.H. Thurston) 6 Ostracods (M.V. Angel) 7 Decapod Crustacea (P. Foxton) 7 Cephalopoda fR.G. Aldred) 8 Fish (N.R. Merrett) 8 Neuston (D.M. Shale) 10 Ornithology (M.H. Thurston) 11 Pigment Investigations (P.J. Herring) 12 Bioluminescence (P.J. Herring) 12 Response of mesopelagic animals to pressure (P. Foxton) 13 Swinibladder survey (N.B. Marshall) 1 4 Survey of Mauthaerian system (N.B. Marshall)l4

Longhurst (M.V. Angel) 14 RMT nets (E.G. Aldred) 15 Bottom nets fR.G. Aldred) 15 Bottom traps (P. Foxton & N.R. Merrett) 16

Station lists 1 7 - 45

Track chart Fig. 1

Scientific Personnel

R.G. Aldred M.V. Angel E. Darlington P.M. David P. Pozton M.J. Harris P.J. Herring P.T. James N.B. Marshall N.R. Merrett J. Moorey R.J. Morris P. Parkes

G.

J,

Phillips Pugh Shale Sherwood Wild Williams

Joined at Dakar Principal Scientist

Left at Dakar

NIO NIO NIO NIO NIO NIO NIO NIO British Museum (Natural History) NIO NIO Left at Tenerife NIO Joined at Tenerife Oxford Scientific Film Unit Joined at

Tenerife NIO Joined at Tenerife NIO NIO NIO NIO IMER Edinburgh Left at Dakar

Abbreviations

RMT 1

RMT 1+8

RMT 25

BN 2.4 NN BLL TSD WB

Trap B

LHS

Rectangular midwater trawl with a sampling area of 1 sq m (mesh size 0.32mm). Standard combination of nets RMT 1 (mesh size 0.32mm) and RMT 8/5 (Rectangular midwater trawl with sampling area of 8 sq m; ^esh size 4.5mm). Rectangular midwater trawl with a sampling area of 25 sq m. Bottom net with mouth area 2.4m. Neuston net Bottom longline Temperature, salinity, depth probe. Water bottle (Standard NIO) Bottom trap

Longhurst Hardy Sampler. (LHS 1 NIO version LHS2 IMER Benthos Version see Section on Longhurst p. 14)

Introduction

Cruise 45 was planned to complete the latitudinal series of vertical plankton observations made over the past few years. This entailed working a complete day and night series of observations to 2000m at a position 30'N 23*W. In addition hauls from 1 OOO-ZOOOm both by day and by night were fished at 18'N to complete the series made there in 1969" The series worked at 11'N 20*W in 1968 was also incomplete, lacking the shallow hauls which subdivide the uppermost 1OOm and these were done during the present cruise.

The series at 11*N was originally made with the Nil 3 instead of the RMT 1 used at other positions and it was hoped that time would be available to repeat this part of the series. In the event the gear worked well and a complete series to 2000m was worked with the new pattern nets. This series was subdivided into 25m or 50m horizons between 650m and the surface by day so as to obtain a more detailed picture of distribution within this critical depth range.

Comparisons between the IMER Benthos Hardy Longhurst and the NIO version were made. Bottom nets, traps and longlines were fished at a number of positions along the African shelf from South of Dakar to a position just South of Cape Bojador particular attention was paid to depths between 300 a#d 1500m.

Various other collections and observations were made including a 30 hour series of repeated TSD lowerings at a position on the edge of the N.W. African Coast upwelling region.

Itinerary

RRS Discovery sailed from Barry in the morning of the 4th February. Passage was made towards a position near the Canary Islands. It had been planned to work for a few days near the island of Puerteventura where observations had been made on a number of occasions during the last six years, however diplomatic clearance had not at the time been obtained from the Spanish authorities and the observations had to be made some miles to the Bast of the island well outside territorial waters. This position was reached in the afternoon of 10th February. Tests of the net monitors and the RMT 1+8 combination net were successfully carried out. On the 11th the first of a series of hauls to compare the Benthos Hardy Longhurst net with the NIO version were made. Further tests of monitors and RMT nets were performed and further Hardy-Longhurst comparisons were carried out on the 12th. The ship then proceeded southward across the N.W. African shelf to a position 25*N 16*14'W just off the edge of the shelf where hourly TSD casts were made for a thirty four hour period. A buoy carrying two current meters on the mooring was laid at this position. Both meters appeared to have recorded throughout the period. The temperature section drawn from the TSD records showed very disturbed conditions but the semi diurnal cycle seen in other similar observations done by Mr. P.G.W. Jones from HMS Hydra and by RRS Discovery in 1968 was not very obvious. At the end of this station a short run of TSD casts was made towards the shore before turning to the South to make towards 18'N 25'W. On the I6th February a series

of TSD casts were started which continued at 60 md.le intervals until early on the 19th. At the last five stations a combination net was fished obliquely from 0-1000m in addition to the TSD observations.

On 19th February work began at 18®N and a number of horizontal opening/closing hauls were made with the RMT 1+8. The hauls between 1 000 and 2000m which were not done in 1 968 were successfully accomplished. Hauls were made with the RMT 25 and with the neuston net, a water bottle cast was made to collect samples for iodine analysis. Work was completed at this position at 0800 on the 25th February and the ship sailed for the African coast. A series of neuston nets were fished on passage. On 27th February the bottom net was fished at several depths on the continental slope in the latitude of 18®N while on the following day bottom longlines and traps were fished nearby. The ship then sailed for Dakar arriving in the morning of the 29th February. At Dakar Mr. M.J. Harris and Mr. R. Williams left for UK and Mr. E. Darlington joined the ship from NIO.

Discovery left Dakar in the afternoon of tb^ 2nd March and proceeded southwards to a position 10* 46'N I7* 27'W where bottom fish traps, lines, grabs and bottom nets wei^ fished for comparison with similar observations North of Dakar. On the 5th March similar i^Dservations were made on a seamount in position 8* 45'N 20' 16'W, course was then set for the position 11*N 20*W where the main observations of the second leg of the cruise were to take place. A TSD cast was made early on 6th March South of the position which was reached at 2300 hrs on the same day.

Intensive operations with the RMT 1 +8 followed during the next eight days. As on our previous visit in I968 the fauna proved to be very rich and varied. The net monitor worked very well and a complete day and night series resulted. The day series should be of particular interest in that the depth horizons shallower than 650m were subdivided into either 25ia or 30m horizons. In addition to the RMT 1+8, neuston net hauls, a number of TSD casts a water bottle station and a Longhurst haul were made. On the 14th March the ship began a series of TSD and 1 OOO-Om oblique combination net hauls spaced at 60 mile intervals. The course ran from II^N 20"^ 240 miles to the West then 27O miles NW and finally I60 miles North until the latitude of 18'N was reached on 19th March. From this position Discovery started directly to t±^ African slope off Cape Blanc where Im^g lines, bottom nets and traps were worked in various depths on the 21 st and 22nd. On the 23rd and 24th similar observations were made in about latitude 23'40'N and the same operations were carried out on 25th and 26th at 25®54'N. At 1336 on the 26th the ship sailed for Tenerife arriving about 0800 hours on the 27th. Mr. J. Moorey left for U.K. and Mr. R. Morris, Mr. G. Phillips and Mr. P. Parkes joined from U.K.

Discovery sailed from Tenerife at 1830 on 29th March towards 30'N 23'W for the final leg of the cruise. The position was reached at O7OO hours on the 31st March when a. TSD cast was made, horizontal hauls with the RMT 1+8 followed and a complete day and night vertical series to 2000m was completed by the %th April. This was followed by a twenty-four hour series of one hour tows at a depth of 250m and finally on the 8th a six hour tow between 3000 and 2000m was made with the RMT 1+8. The ship then proceeded

to Josephine Bank where, on the 11th and 12th April traps and bottom nets were fished between 270 and 1350™*

The ship then proceeded direct to Barry arriving at 0800 hrs on the 16th April.

Sinhononhores

The most interesting siphonophore specimens which have been taken this cruise have mainly been of the physonect variety. One of the initial trial hauls (St 7782 *2, 800-700m) produced a complete specimen of the rare physonect, Nectalia lolieo. Several later hauls, usually obliques or ones between 600 and 1000m, from the Cape Verdes (st 7803) and St 7824 (l 1 "N, 20"W) produced further specimens in various degrees of completeness. At the same time pieces of specimens of the very large physonect Halistemma sp. nov. (? synonomy with Stephanomia amphytridis) began to appear, mainly in the deep hauls. Eventually a young specimen of this latter species was taken at St 7824 *39 (1 000-895ni) which had bracts of both the adult type and those typical of N. loligo. A close examination of the nectophores confirmed that N. loligo is probably a developmental stage of Halistemma sp. nov. This 'Nectalia' stage has also been noted in the development of Halistemmm rubrum.

The other important physonect to be found was the very rare species, Stephalia corona of which only one, almost complete specimen was known to be in existence. Two complete specimens were caught in a bottom net at about 1500m (St 7846) and a further three damaged ones appeared at the same depth in another bottom net (St 7853)- The first two specimens were observed to have actively contracting nectophores but unfortunately extended observations could not be made as pieces began to be detached and so the specimens were preserved. The other known specimen came from just south of the Wyville Thomson ridge at a depth which indicates that the net was also fished close to the bottom, and the rarity of the species may be due to the lack of sampling in this region.

Several other unidentified physonect nectophores were found in the catches from various depths, and they may represent some new species. For instance a physonect with large flimsy nectophores, with pale yellow nectosacs in one sample, and with highly looped radial canals was noted. Many specimens of Melophvaamelo were caught, one being in moderately good condition with the nectophore and few bracts still attached. One specimen of the athorybiid, Athorybia rosacea was also found; both species being fairly rare. The presence of another new species of physonect, first seen in the SOMD cruise, and of some nectophores of ?Erenna sp. with black pigmented straight radial canals was noted.

The line for the bottom traps and long line proved to be a useful means of collecting rhizophysid siphonophores -St 7822 +5 and *6 produced five good specimens of three of the rhizophysid species, and at St 7842 *2 (Trap B) a specimen of Rhizophvsa filiformis was removed from the line and was estimated to be at least 30-40 feet long as it stretched from the line hauler, through the block and down to the sea surface. Luckily it had become attached at its

- 4 -

lower end so that the pneunmtophore and budding regions remained intact.

Of the calycophoran siphonophores, the main interest lay in the numbers of Praya dubia and P. reticulata caught at the more southerly stations, although none of the necto&bores was of gre&t size. The rare prayid Maresearsia praeclara was noted at several stations and various depths, and several specimens at both the eu and polygastric stages of Nectopyr^mis thetis, N. natans and N. diomedeae were noted although these species are little documented. A polygastric specimen of N. diomedeae from St 7803

(2000-1500m), triangular in shape and measuring 6.5 x 5.0cm proved to be by far the largest specimen so far discovered. Other deep hauls, including the very deep net (st 785^ *80, 3000est-2010m), contained specimens of the little known Chuniphves moserae.

Some minor projects which were undertaken during the cruise included the analysis of float length and gas gland size in Phvsalia nhvsalis. Preparations of discharged nematocysts from several siphonophore species were made using chloral hydrate solutions, as suggested by Mr. A.K. Totton, and these wer^ frozen to prevent deterioration before being photographed back at N.I.O. Finally an attempt was made at collecting live siphonophore material by hand netting from a dinghy, but th^ potentialities of such a technique were considered rather low in these circum-stances.

Euphausiids

Horizontal Distribution

The 0-1 000m RMT 1 + 8 hauls between 20*N 21 "W and 12*N 24'V showed a change in the euphausiid community between 18-16*N. Thd^ was particularly clear in the closely related midwater species Nematoscelis microns and N. atlantica. the adult males which occur in two easily separable forms and both were taken in large numbers in different latitudes. Only male N. atlantica with keels on the 1st cUMi abdominal tergites and enlarged 2nd and 3rd abdominal photophores, and male N. microns with keels on tl^ 1st abdominal tergite and enlarged second abdominal photophore were taken south of 16*N. North of 18'N these f^rms were succeeded by males without the keel - photophore complex. Further analysis will probably support these observations in other groups of closely related species.

Vertical Distribution

Nineteen species were taken at 30"N and 22 at 11'N, of which 12 were common to both positions. By day the vertical distribution at 30*N of most migrant midwater species was between 400-600m these included: Thvsanopoda subaeaualis. Euohausia hemieibba. Stvlocheiron maximum. Nematobrachion flexioes and the northemforms of Nematoscelia mirmpa and N. atlantica. At 11 'N the day distribution of the midwater migratory species: Eunhausia gibboides. E. mutica. E. pseudoeibba. ThvsanoTDoda micropthalma. T. monocantha and the southern forms of NAmafioscelis microns and N. atlantica. was shallower at 300-500ni. The vertical range of migration towards the surface at night was greater at 30**^-

Between 500-700m by day at 11'Ncmly small numbers of

Stylocheiron maximum, Nematobrachion boonis. and Thvsanonoda

- 5 -

micropthalma were caught. Greater numbers of these species were found at daytime depths of 600-900m at 30"N. All three migrated a short distance by night but were not found above 300m. Nematobrachion sexspinosus reported to be an uncommon species, was taken consistently in small numbers at night at 30*N between 200 and 700m. None were apparent in day time hauls although some may be found in a complete sort of the samples.

The smaller, near-surface species, principally belonging to the genus Stvlocheiron: S. loneicome. S. snhmii, 5. abbreviatum. and S. eloneatum occupied the 200-300m layer at both positions. At 11'N all four species appeared to undergo a short diurnal migration to the surface layers at night. Whereas at 30*N S. loneicorne and S. eloneatum did not. At this latitude Euphausia gibboides and E. brevis were also abundant in the epipelagic fauna, whereas at 11"N E. eibboides and E. mutica. the close relative of E. brevis, were found in midwater.

Sampling

The samples which were collected from 50m horizons at 11'N showed a more sharply defined vertical distribution than those collected at 100m intervals in a previous year. A similar vertical distribution was noticed when trawls were made at selected isotherms.

Ammhipods

The distribution and abundance of amphipods collected have varied considerably and reflect the wide geographical area covered during the cruise.

Species of the gammaridean genera Cyphocaris. Metacypho-caris, Cr^belocenhalus. Euandania. Paradania. etc. which form the bulk of the amphipod fauna from 700m to 2000m were less abundant at 11'N than at more northerly stations. The reverse tended to be true for the hyperiids Laneeola and Scvpholanceola although members of these genera are known to occur in northern waters.

Between 700m and 200m the faunas at 11'N, 18'N and 30*N are essentially similar, with two species of Cyphocaris. and hyperiid genera such as Lanceola. Scina. Vibilia and Phronima forming a large part of the amphipod population. The abundance of Phronima spp., particularly P. sedentaria in the upper part of this range at 11"N and 30*N was particularly striking.

At all stations a pronounced change in the composition of the fauna occurred at or about 200m. Above this depth species of Hyperiidea Curvicomia formed a large proportion of amphipod catches. The families Lycaeidae, Pronoidae, Oxycephalidae and Platyscelidae were particularly well represented. The diversity of this epipelagic fauna was greatest at 11*N. The Curvicomia, Hyperia spp. and the gammaridean genus Svnopia frequently formed an important part of night catches taken with surface nets.

— 6 -

Several additional specimens of an undescribed species of Crvbelocentialus were obtained off Puerteventura, while three specimens of Peeohvoeria princeps were found in catches made at 18"N. Only two records of the latter both from the southern hemisphere, have been reported in the literature.

About 120 specimens of Cystisoma have been taken. These large, fragile animals are frequently badly damaged during capture, so it is particularly gratifying to report that many of the present specimens are in excellent condition. Prelim-inary examinations suggest that attempts to combine all of the described species under a single name are unjustified.

The use of baited fish traps along the continental slope of the African coast provided many specimens of the lysianassid genus Euonvx.

Some hundred of specimens have been isolated from bottom net catches. The families Oedicerotidae, Eusiridae and Lysianassidae were particularly well represented among the 170 or so species present. Little in the way of specific identification has been possible, but some of those species which have been run down are known to have ranges extending to the Azores and 53'N20*W.

Ostracods

Only superficial examination of planktonic ostracods is possible onboard ship, and there were few surprises in the specific composition of the catches. Specimens of Conchoecia valdiviae were preserved for study of the frontal organ by electron and light microscopy. The most noteable planktonic ostracods were caught in the last very deep haul at station 7836 which included several specimens of a Gierantocvpris species which is a new species for the North Atlantic . The bottom nets caught some interesting species of Bathvconchoecia. In the hauls south of Dakar several specimens of Bathvconchoecia subrufa and B. seotemspinosa were caught. The first species was previously only known from a single bottom net sample taken on the Discovery cruise 21 . The second species, is spinous and only known previously by a single juvenile; together with B. deevevae. it is a species that probably should be separated off as a new genus. Single specimens of two other Bathvconchoecia species were picked out of the later bottom net samples, both probably belonging to unknown species.

Decapod Crustacea

The decapod catches have not as yet been analysed in detail but the following preliminary comments can be made.

A series of oblique (O-IOOOm) RMT8 hauls with TSD observations to 1200m were made in the area 20"N to the Cape Verde Islands and southwards to 12'N, to provide additional data on the faunal changes that occur. The relative occurrence of the North Atlantic species pair Acanthephvra purpurea and A. pelaeica and their tropical counterparts A. sexspinosa and A. acanthitelso a useful indication of transition from one faunal area to the other. As on previous cruises thprp was no sudden faunal change but rather a broad area of transition

- 7 -

extending from about 20'N to the Cape Verde Islands. Temperate and tropical acanthephyrid species present, A. purpurea and A. pelagica decreasing in abundance and frequency of occurrence to the south and A. sexspinosa and A. acanthitelsonis to the north. The TSD data provided no evidence of a physical discontinuity in the area but rather a gradual cooling of the mesopelagic zone from 20®N equatorwards.

The vertical series at 18*N 25®W (stn. 78O3) provides data on the vertical distribution of decapods within this zone of fauna1 transition for comparison with that of cruise 30. A. purpurea, A. sexspinosa. A. pelagica and A. acanthitelsonis were pre sent in small numbers. Day and night distributions were generally similar to those previously described.

Further collections were made at 11'N 20®¥ (stn 7824) to supplement those of cruise 21 . As previously the hauls were exceptionally rich both in species and numbers. The daytime peak occurrence of A. sexspinosa at 600-500m and A. acanthitelsonis at 700-600m reflects the much shallower distribution of mesopelagic species at this position.

The sparse catches at 30'N 23*W (stn. 78^6) contrasted with the rich hauls at 11'N. A. purpurea, Systellaspis debilis, Gennadas valens, G. elegans and Punchalia villosa were present at depths similar to those recorded at Puerteventura.

Hauls below 1000m at the three positions yielded specimens of particular interest. Physetocaris microphthalma occurred at 18'N and 30'M one specimen being maintained alive for over 10 days. More than 50 specimens of the enigmatic Amphionides were taken (for Dr. D.I. Williamson) and two remained alive for 36 hours. Acanthephvra eximia and A. microphthalma were recorded at 30"N.

Cephalopoda

During this cruise 270 cephalopods were examined, 195 of those from two vertical series (l 55 from 11®N and 40 from 30'N). At 11®N the most abundant species was Mastigoteuthis flammea, 30 being identified. This was similar to the results obtained in this area in 1968. Also in relatively large numbers were Cranchia scabra and Japete11a diaphana. Several individuals of Vampyroteuthis infernalis, Bathyteuthis abvssicola and Pyrgopsis pacifica were also found. Rare cephalopods included Galiteuthis, Alloposus and Octopoteuthis.

Very few squid were caught during the 30'N series the most numerous being Bathothauma, 10 of which were examined and on^ of these was a very large specimen with a mantle length of approximately 20 cms. Other species were only present in very small numbers.

Pish

Midwater fishes

The work carried out in 18'N 25'W, 11*N 20*W and 30*N

23'W, where partial or complete vertical series were fished, was of particular interest concerning the diversity and abundance of mesopelagic fishes. Preliminary analysis of the catches showed that at least 101 species of 72 genera were present at 30'N, 116 species of 8? genera at 18*N and 143 species of 113 genera at 11'N. Similarly the biomass of fishes was apparently least at 30'N and greatest at 11'N. As expected, myctophid and stomiatoid fishes dominated the catches in all 3 areas. Melamphaids, alepo-cephalids and ceratoid anglers were next in order of abundance, although considerably less numerous.

At 18'N the number of species of myctophids (ca 2^) sampled were far fewer than those taken at the same position during cruise 30 (ca 45), though the latter was a more detailed survey. Of the stomiatoids, the genus Cvclothone was the most numerous, as found previously. The light coloured Cyclothone fc. alba. C. braueri eind C. pseudopallida) dominated the shallower depths down to about 600m, with the darker species fc. pallida. C. acclinidens. C. livida and C. obscura) showing distribution maxima at various depths below this. The vertical distribution of Cvclothone. non-migrant species, was superficially similar at 11'N, but here C. braueri was completely replaced by the more southerly species, C. alba. Also, it appeared to compare favourably with the results obtained during a previous vertical series (cruise 21) in the smne position. Correspondingly the vertical distribution of the migrant myctophids and stomiatoids suggest similar patterns to those found from the previous survey. At 30'N^, however, there was somewhat less resemblance between the present catches and the results obtained by Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawl during the SOND cruise (No. 8). Although both vertical series were comparatively alike in the number of species present in the catches (ca 101 vs 112 from the SOND Cruise) there is an indication of a paucity of individuals in the current series. Another difference is the replacement of Cvclothone livida by C. microdon. a typically northern species, in the current series. No C. mlcrodon occurred during the SOND cruise nor were observed in the catches at 28'N 14'W during the present cruise.

A series of 11 one-hour tows, all fished close to 250m depth at 30"N during a single 24 hr period provided some useful information on the temporal aspect of vertical migration. Prom a daytime total of 7 species the number increased to a maximum of 20 from the tow through sunset. One of the species from the latter haul, CeratosooDelus warmingi. had previously been found to have a daytime depth distribution of 900-1500m. Although this and other species apparently migrated to shallower depths during the night, none of the night time tows yielded less than 14 species. Thus an overall total of 47 species was taken during this period which may be compared with the 24 species caught from the standard day and night tows at 300-200m during the vertical series.

Midwater species of special interest taken during the cruise were 2 Burvpharv^ larvae (from 18'N & 30*N), a. large specimen of SaccoDharvnx Ml 'N). an apparently unknown species of Stomias (l8"N) which unfortunately was damaged, several Pachvstomias (11"N & 18'N), several cetomimids (l1"N & IS'N), 2 mega.lomycterids 2 Eutaenio chorus (11*N) and a large specimen of Cauloohrvne (30'N).

Intensities of bioluminescent activity were measured from living fish and samples of light organs collected for chemical

- 9 -

analysis (by PJH), the brains of selected species were collected (NBM) whole specimens preserved for chemical analysis (by RJM) and eyes of Stvlochorus and Gieantura were collected for Dr. N.A. Locket, of the Institute of Ophthalmology, for structural examination.

Bottom Pishes

Benthopelagic and benthic fishes were sampled by 15 bottom net operations (depth range 271-1503m) 16 traps (515-1445m) and 9 longline operations in 3 general areas on the African Continental slope between latitudes 9'N and 26'N. Three bottom nets (27I-1341m) and 2 traps (33 «& 313m) were also fished on the Josephine Bank (36'47'N 14"31'W). Wherever possible the three methods were used in conjunction for maximum coverage of sampling. The results indicated a close correlation between trap and line catches which differed considerably from the fish taken in the bottom net. Catches from the latter were much richer in the number of species and individuals, and also apparently in biomass.

Preliminary examination of the bottom net catches showed that at least 53 species of 45 genera of bottom fishes were present. Pour elasmobranch genera were represented (Galeus, Anrifiturus. Chimaera and Harriotta) by a total of only 5 specimens, while by far the most numerous teleosts were macrurids (l2 genera) and the trachichthyid, Hoplostethus. Catches within the shallower parts of the depth range fished were typified by Nezumia. Hymenocephalus and Honlostethus. while from deeper water Bathygradus . C oe 1 orhynchus and synaphobranchid eels were more commonly caught. In general the fish taken by the bottom net were small and only a single Corvphaenoides rupestris and one Mora were worthy of commercial interest. One noteworthy fish from the Josephine Bank was a specimen of Rondeletia. although it is doubtful whether this was caught on the bottom.

The 9 bottom longline operations yielded a mean hooking rate of 10%. About 50 hooks/operation were used, baited with squid or mackerel. The catches comprised mainly the squaloid sharks Centrophorus. Centroscvmnus. Deania and Scymnodon. A single rajid was caught and 2 Coloconger. while Mora, a scopaenid and a single specimen of Coelorhynchus occa were the only species common to both bottom line and net catches. However Centronhorus Deania. Scymnodon and Coloconeer were taken in the traps as well on the lines, together with Etmopterus and Myxine. Svnaphobranchus and Simenchelys were the only species caught in traps which were also caught in the nets.

Neuston

The hauls taken on the first leg of the cruise (Stations 78O3-78O9) showed a paucity of both species and numbers. The daytime samples contained mainly small Velella and Scomberesox sp. together with a number of juvenile flying fish. Subsequent samples taken at six-hourly intervals showed no increase in volume, Velella and Scomberesox being the dominant forms although pontellid copepods were sometimes present.

A total of 26 hauls were taken at 10'N 19'W spanning the

- 1 0 -

24 hour period, but concentrating on the dawn duak periods. The fauna at 10'N was richer than either the or 30'N stations. The day hauls were mainly rather small but varied and included Pornita and Halobates which were only found at 10*N. Fuel oil was present in virtually every sample, but here w#^ untilised by Lepas fascicularis as a settlement site, which latterly became one of the most abundant animals in the neuston, both in numbers and biomass. Velella was concpicuoua by its absence from the samples at this station. The night hauls were much richer mainly being composed of copepods, amphipods, stomatopod and decapod larvae, the latter sometimes occurring in very large numbers. A dawn series which was taken on 9.111.72 was very interesting as surface temperature discontinuities were being crossed at the times of sampling. The Lepas fascicularis colonies were associated with the warmest water (as were the cyprid larvae) and the pontellid copepods with tb^ coldest water.

Glaucus atlanticus. Phvsalia phvsalis. Salna cvlindrica G&ninhthvs sp., Myctophum sp. and large numbers of pteropods Diacria and Cavolinia were taken in OXPAM samples, but not in any Neuston Net hauls.

Samples taken at 20*N 2 3 c o n t a i n e d large numbers of Velella (which were also seen on the surface) lodotea metallica and Pelaeia noctiluca. lanthina sp. was occasionally found attached to Velella. but no free floating specimens were caught. The fish were represented by two species, namely Scomberesox sp. and Macrorhamphosus gracile both being present in day hauls in small numbers. Macrorhamphosus exhibited a reverse migration at night, undergoing the normal dawn and dusk rises but occupyi%ig a deep nightime depth, and being one of the few fish to occupy the surface layers during the day.

During the cruise nearly 600 observations were made and 24 species of birds identified. Only 7 of these species were seen on more than a few occasions, and numbers were generally low. The general picture of distribution and numbers established during this cruise confirm evidence of a similar pattern obtained during previous visits to the area. The species seen with some regularity in some part or other of the area covered by the cruise were Cory's Shearwater, Leach's Storm Petrel, Gannet, Great aj^ Pomarine Skuas, Lesser Black-backed Gull and Kittiwake.

Several days were spent during the second week in February, at a position 20-25km South of Puerteventura. Gannets and kittiwakes were regularly present in small numbers despite the 'vagrant' status that the latter has in the Canary Islands. The rarity of the Kittiwake on the islands themselves is probably due to the strictly pelagic habit of this species outside tlie breeding season.

The continental shelf and slope off the African coast between 21 *N an^ 26*N were visited twice during the cruise and considerable differences in the avifauna were noted. In mid-Pebruary Lesser Black-backed Gulls (mostly Larvus fuscus eraellsii but up to L - iuscus) were present in large numbers, and Gannets were plentiful. iPive to si^ weeks later towards the end of March, Gannets were less abundant, and Lesser Black-hacked Gulls were very scarce. The pelagic habit of the Kittiwakes was well

- 1 1 -

demonstrated during the first visit to the shelf when the small retinue of these birds deserted as soon as the 100 fm line was crossed, and only reappeared when the ship returned to deeper water. In addition to these visits, sampling programmes were conducted at the edge of the continental shelf in areas further south. At 1 8®N, at the end of February, Lesser Black-backed Gulls were still abundant and Gannets commonly met with, but no Kittiwakes were seen. Black-headed Gulls were common, however, and both Arctic and Pomarine Skuas occurred. South of Dakar there was another abrupt change, Pomarine Skuas being present at nearly every observation. Gannets, which were seen in small numbers only, were the only other birds seen at all regularly.

Very few birds were seen at 18*N 25'W, north of the Cape Verde Islands. Leach's Storm Petrel was fairly regularly present in small numbers, and a few Soft Plumaged Petrels and Little Shearwaters were recognised but no Cory's Shearwaters were seen despite the position being only 60km from one of the breeding grounds of this species.

During passage from the African Shelf to 11'N 20®¥, Pomarine Skuas and Leach's Storm Petrels were seen, but very little else; a situation which also prevailed during the second week in March while stations were worked at 11 20°¥.

At 30*N 2 3 d u r i n g the first week in April very few birds were seen. Small numbers of Cory's Shearwaters and Leach's Storm Petrels were recorded, but little else apart from a few Great and Pomarine Skuas on passage.

During passage towards Barry, elements of the northern fauna such as Gannets and Kittiwakes, which had been met with south to 10*N and 25®N respectively, during February and early March, were now found only north of 45°^.

Pigment Investigations

Considerable numbers of the siphonophores Velella and Phvsalia have been collected and deep-frozen for extraction and analysis of their carotenoprotein and biliprotein blue pigments respectively, and samples of the blue pigmented Salpa cvlindrica have been obtained for similar analysis. A number of species of deep water medusae have been collected in order to investigate the extent of porphyrin pigmentation in these animals. The characteristic orange-red pigmentation of whale fishes has been extracted from three species for subsequent identification. Several additional species of oceanic decapod crustaceans have been collected in order to supplement previous work on the relationship between pigment and lipid content and the species depth distribution. Work on the embryonic development and on the buoyancy of the eggs of these animals has also been c ontinued.

Bioluminescence

Work in the programme of qualitative and quantitative observations on the bioluminescence of oceanic animals has concentrated largely upon the squids, decapod crustaceans,

— 12 —

echinoderms and fish.

Amion^ th^ squids luminescence has been observed and examined in species of Ommastrephes. Ctenoetervz. Bathothauma, Pvreopsis. PhasmatoDsis. Vampyroteuthis. Octopoteuthis(?), Hlstioteuthis. Spirula and Heteroteuthis. in addition to a number of enoploteuthids and cranchiids. The distribution of photogenic tissue in the related species Ommastreches caroli and 0. nteroDUS has been investigated, and considerable quantities of material from the latter species deep frozen investigation of the chemical basis of its luminescence. fhe emission of a luminescent secretion appears to be a feature common to all 20 species of the decapod crustacean family ^pl^^horidae that have been examined, and similar secretion has been observed from certain pasiphaeids, as well as from Heterocarpus. Material from these animals has been stored for investigation of the extent of luciferin-luciferase cross reactions.

Further examples of self luminous echinoder^^ have been observed at a number of stations, and very large catches of some species have enabled sufficient material to be stored for investigation of the chemistry of the systems. The brightness of the luminous responses of some of these animals has been particularly remarkable.

It has been possible to study the luminescence of a number of species of angler fishes in some detail, ar^ this has provided some insight into the control of zLntensity in the esca. Particularly striking is the brilliazK^ of ttm luminescent responses of Edriolvnchus. Observations of the luminescence of the scopelarchid fish Benthalbella have been extended, and the luminescence of the shark Isistius observed in several specimens. Records of the brilliant displays of Astronesthes and Echiostoma have supplemented work on the simple photogenic bodies of stomiatoid fishes, feebler luminescence of these bodies observed in other species. Further observations of the red emission from th^ subocular photophore of Pachvstomias have assisted in a comparison of the system of this fish with those of Aristostomias and Malacosteus (with Prof. E.J. Denton).

Material from several groups of animals has been fixed j )r lig#t or electron microscopy, in association with workers at London, Cambridge, Portsmouth and St. Andrews, and some success has been achieved in the culture of luminous bacteria from some fish and squid. Some specimens have been deep-frozen for analysis of the characteristic pigments associated with squid and fish photophores.

Response of mesopelaeic animals to pressure

Individuals of 14 species representing ostracods, cephalopods, fish and decapod crustacea were held at constant temperature in a pressure vessel and subjected to stepped, pressure increases within the range 200 to 6000 Ibs/sq in. Response was wither observed visually or monitored electronically.

Acanthephvra purpurea. A. sexspinosa. S. debilis and 0. spinosus all displayed the same general pattern of response.

- 13 -

Pressure increases up to 2000 Ib/sq ins induced a temporary rise in the level of swimming activity. At pressures in excess of 2000 Ib/sq ins there was a cessation of activity and, with two exceptions, eventual death after periods of 10-30 minutes.

Funchalia villosa and F. taaningi, in contrast, survived recycling to 2^00 Ib/sq ins, deepened in pigmentation and retained a high level of activity when removed the pressure chamber.

Argyropelecus sp. became orientated vertically and swam vigorously at the relatively low pressure of 210 Ibs/sq ins. Pressure changes of + 20 lbs about this value caused the fish to either sink or rise in the chamber.

Any assessment of the significance of these preliminary results must await the complete analysis of the records and data.

Swimbladder Survey

A) Examination of the transparent, shallower-living species of Cyclothone caught during this cruise (C. braueri. C. alba and C. Dseudopallida) shows that in contrast to the deeper-living black species(livida, acclinidens, microdon. obscura etc.) a gas-filled swimbbdder is present in the adult phase. These transparent species, which are most numerous between 400 and 600m and non-migratory, must be prominent sound scattered at appropriate frequencies (the probable dimensions of the ellip-soidal swimbladder are close to 2.5 xl.^mm).

B) Members of the berycoid family Melamphaidae (Poromitra. Scopeloberyx and Melamphaes) have a well-developed gas-filled swimbladder and must also be potential scatterers, particularly at depths between 500 and 1000m.

Survey of Mauthnerian System

Brains of mesopelagic, bathypelagic and benthopelagic fishes have been dissected and fixed for later examination of the relative devdopment of the Mauthnerian System (a pair of giant neurones and crossed giant motor fibres that enable fishes to escape rapidly from disturbances). Comparative study should reveal the species with the most efficient (ie. the largest) neural means of escape.

Lonehurst

During the first leg of the cruise intercalibration hauls were made off Puerteventura using the NIO sampler mounted on a 1m^ frame net with 0.33mm mesh, and the IMER sampler mounted on a ^m diameter ring net using 0.20mm mesh. Daytime hauls were made at 250m and 500m with both samples in an area already well known from previous Discovery cruises. A further night haul at 250m was taken with the IMER sampler. Each haul was a horizontal tow for about one hour with one minute wind-ons. The results will not only provide an indication of the effects of mouth size and mesh size on the results, but will also allow more meaningful linking of results from the IMER studies on seasonal changes and the NIO depth and microdistribution studies.

- 14 -

Two further hauls were carried out using the BHD sampler at station 7803, to investigate the timing of vertical migration using 3 minute wind-ons, and at station 7824 as a complimentary tow to the night-time repeated combination net tows at 250m.

BMT Ne t s

RMT 1+8

During the cruise the RMT 1 +8 combination net completed 132 opening and closing hauls. This included 2 vertical series and other miscellaneous sampling. One hundred and twenty-six of the hauls were conqaletely successful, of the 6 unsuccessful hauls 3 were complete failures due to malfunctions of the net monitor, however this was at the beginning of the cruise when ttie new G type monitor was undergoing its first sea trials. This monitor completed 66 successful hauls, including 9 with the BMT 2^, down to depths of 2000m and at all depths fired the release gear easily with the exception of 2 PMT 25 hauls which were difficult to open. This monitor complete with both nets was lost at station 7824 *63. The other 3 unsuccessful hauls were caused by the failure of a release gear jaw; after the damaged parts had been replaced no further trouble was experienced with this equipment. The damage to the release gear was probably due to the severe conditions that the net was fished in on cruise 39-

After the loss of the G type monitor the older F type were used and on 18 hauls the net showed a reluctance to close and one haul was difficult to open and close. This trouble was cured by fitting a later type of receiver (Mk III) to one of the P type monitors. After this modification the net monitor gave no further trouble, operating on one occasion at a depth of 2060m.

A new flow meter designed and made by Mr. R.A. Wild was used for the first time this cruise. This was a small independently mounted unit and therefore dispersed with the problem of gymbal mounting the entire monitor. The original flow meter was mounted on the monitor end cap. The new flow meter orientated itself well in the water and gave very encouraging results.

In an attempt to overcome the difficulty in closing the net the receiver scroll was independantly gymbal mounted, but the results were inconclusive.

BMT 25

9 successful hauls were made with a new RMT 25. This net differed from the one used previously in that the mesh size was increased from 1 to 2 cms. The net bars were increased in strength to overcome the bending experienced at 60'N. The railway line weight bar was replaced by 2 streamlined, adjustable weights with a maximum total weight of 8801bs, but were used at 7201bs. This was an increase of 2201b8 over the railway line and although the net appears to fish at a better angle there was no means of measuring the apparent improvement. Of the nine hauls 6 of the catches were of moderate size, 1 was large and 2 were disappointingly small.

Bottom Net®

The BN 2.4 was fished on 18 occasions, of which I6 produced

1 —

samples of benthos. The two unsuccessful hauls did not reach the bottom and failure was attributable to flooding of the monitor. Thirteen successful hauls were made on the Africa continental shelf at 6 localities between and 26*M in depths of 273-1584™ and the remaining 3 on the Josephine Bank (lat. 37*N), between 271 and 1356m.

The immediate impression of the 1 6 samples obtained was that no two hauls were alike, although some species occurred in more than one catch. Several catches were dominated by siliceous sponges of various species. Particularly striking was the considerable density of a large vase-shaped form on the plateau of the Josephine Bank at 275m- Two catches from 1500m on the African slope contained considerable numbers of a large thick walled anemone. The sponge dominated sample from the Josephine Bank contained many gorgonians; an indication of fairly strong water movements. Decapod crustaceans, both Natan^^a and Reptantia were present in most samples, and formed an important element of the fauna at several stations. A rich fauna of smaller crustaceana was found at all stations worked on the African shelf, though not on the Josephine Bank. Amphipods were abundant and showed considerable specific diversity. Echinoderms formed a very obvious part of most catches, one being dominated by ophiuroids and several by various species of holothurians. Large echlnoids also occurred at several stations. Pish formed an important part of most catches; macrurids and halosaurs being particularly abundant.

Preliminary observations suggest at least some fauna1 affinities with material collected at stations off the Azores and at 53'N.

Some animals have been kept alive and those surviving taken back to the NIO.

Bottom Trans

Bottom traps of simple design and construction were fished on 18 occasions. Two types were used, one of pyramidal shape, 65" base and 48" slant height with 3 entrances, the other rectangular, 24" x 16" z I6" with two entrances. The pyramidal traps were covered in 1" galvanised "chicken" wire, one having a fine mesh netting bottom: the rectangular trap was covered in fine mesh netting. Traps were baited with frozen mackerel and squid and laid on polypropylene line Secured to a floating dhan buoy; they were recovered using the line hauler. Pishing depth varied from 300-1166m, while fishing time was generally of 6 hours duration.

Pour localities were fished: the shelf north of Dakar (1 trap) , the shelf south of Dakar (5 traps), C. Blanco to C. Bojador (l3 traps) and Josephine Bank (3 traps). Catches were encouraging and included a variety of fishes, crabs and the large caridean shrimp Heterocarpus erimaldii. The latter was a feature of catches from the shelf between C. Blanco to C. Bojador, the maximum catch being 56 in the small trap at stn 7854, depth 1166m.

- 1 6 —

I

-a

STN. DATE 1972

POSITION LAT »N LONG «W

GEAR DEPTH FISHING TIME (M) GMT

REMARKS

77R2 # 0

10/ 2 27 27

44.5 45.4

14 14

24.7 24.5

TSD WB

0-2000 1610-2259 CASTS 1610 AND 1655 TSD AT 2052 HRS

7782 # 1

11/ 2 27 27

44.0 42.7

14 14

22.8 21.4

%MT8+1 130- 200 0024-0115 NET FAILED TO CLOSE

7782 # 2

11/ 2 27 27

39.4 34.5

14 14

17.9 13.6

%MT8+1 700- 800 0309-0554

7783 # 1

11/ 2 27 27

42.9

39.4 14

14

21.7

19.1

%MT8+1 225- 280 1000-1200

7783 # 2

11/ 2 27 27

36.8 34.4

14 14

17.4 16.0

LHS2 242- 253 1315-1434

7783

# 3 11/ 2 27

27

36.6

32.2

14

14

16.9

15.8

LHSl 244- 260 1553-1753 89 SAMPLES OBTAINED

77R4 # 1

11/ 2 27 27

34.3 23.6

14 14

17.3 9.1

RMT8+1 1200-1500 2306-0450

7785 # 1

12/ 2 27 27

40.0 36.3

14 14

21.0 18.7

LHS2 489- 516 0843-1034

7785 # 2

12/ 2 27

27

32.0

29.0

14

14

15.1 12.8

LHSl 480- 515 1238-1404

7786 # 1

12/ 2 27 27

26.9 27.6

14 14

13.9 18.4

RMT8+1 690- 830 1805-2007 MONITOR ERROR - WRONG DEPTH FISHED

7787

# 1

12/ 2 27 27

29.1 30.1

14 14

21.5 24.3

LHS2 240- 260 2125-2241

7788 U 1

13/ 2 25 25

4.4 9.1

16 16

33.7 38.6

%MT8+1 600- 700 2130-0030

STN. DATE POSITION GEAR DEPTH FISHING TIME REMARKS

00

I

1972 LAT «N LONG *W (M) GMT

7789 # 1

14/ 2 24 24

58.2 58.1

16 16

14.7 14.9

TSO 0- 200 0445- 0501

7789 # 2

14/ 2 24 24

57.8 57.7

16 16

15.3 15.4

TSD 0 - 200 0550- 0603

7789 # 3

14/ 2 24 24

57.3 57.2

16 16

15.7 15.7

TSD 0 — 200 0643- 0656

7789 # 4

14/ 2 24

24

57.2

57.2

16

16

15.9

15.9

TSD 0 - 200 0743- 0757

7789 # 5

14/ 2 24 24

56.9 57.0

16 16

16.5 17.0

TSD 0 — 200 0846- 0901

7789 # 6

14/ 2 24 24

57.3 57.3

16 16

14.2 14.2

TSD 0 — 195 1046- 1057

7789 # 7

14/ 2 24 24

57.0 57.0

16 16

14.3 14.3

TSD 0- 195 1145- 1155

7789 # 8

14/ 2 24 24

56.5 56.4

16 16

14.3 14.3

TSD 0- 195 1245- 1256

7789 # 9

14/ 2 24 24

56.5 56.5

16 16

1 4. 1 14.1

TSD 0- 195 1345--1357

7789 # 10

14/ 2 24 24

56.6 56.6

16 16

14.2 14.2

TSD 0- 195 1445--1457

7789 # 11

14/ 2 24 24

56.7 56.7

16 16

14.3 14.4

TSD 0 - 195 1545--1556

7789 # 12

14/ 2 24 24

56.7 56.7

16 16

14.2 14.3

TSD 0- 195 1645--1656

\o I

STN,

7789 # 13

7789 # 14

7789 # 15

7789

# 16

7789 # 17

7789 # 18

7789 # 19

7789 # 20

7789 # 21

7789

# 22

7789 # 23

7789 # 24

DATE 1972

14/ 2

14/ 2

14/ 2

14/ 2

14/ 2

14/ 2

14/ 2

15/ 2

15/ 2

15/ 2

15/ 2

15/ 2

POSITION LAT *N LONG *W

24 56.8 24 56.8

24 56.5 24 56.5

24 56.4 24 56.4

24 56.5

24 56.6

24 56.3 24 56.3

24 56.4 24 56.3

24 56.2 24 56.2

24 56.2 24 56.1

24 56.0 24 55.9

24 55.7 24 55.8

24 56.0 24 56.1

24 56.0

24 55.9

16 14.5 16 14.5

16 14.5 16 14.4

16 14.4 16 14.4

16 14.0

16 14.0

16 14.4 16 14.5

16 14.7 16 14.7

16 14.7 16 14.8

16 14.8 16 14.8

16 14.7 16 14.7

16 14.7 16 14.7

16 14.6 16 14.7

16 14.5 16 14.5

GEAR

TSD

TSD

TSD

TSD

TSD

TSD

TSD

TSD

TSD

TSD

TSD

TSD

DEPTH FISHING TIME (M) GMT

0- 195 1745-1755

0- 200 1845-1857

0- 200 1945-1959

0- 200 2046-2059

0- 200 2145-2157

0- 200 2244-2258

0- 200 2344-2357

0- 200 0043-0057

0- 200 0143-0156

0- 200 0243-0255

0- 200 0345-0357

0- 200 0445-0501

REMARKS

O

STN. DATE POSITION

1972 L A T * N LONG W

7789 15/ 2 24 56.0 16 14.2 # 25 24 55.9 16 14.3

7789 15/ 2 24 56.0 16 14.2 # 26 24 56.0 16 14.3

7789 15/ 2 24 56.0 16 14.3 # 27 24 56.0 16 14.3

7789 15/ 2 24 56.1 16 14.1 # 28 24 56.0 16 14.1

7789 15/ 2 24 55.4 16 14.1 # 29 24 55.4 16 14.2

7789 15/ 2 24 55.5 16 14.3 # 30 24 55.4 16 14.6

7789 15/ 2 24 55.5 16 15.0 # 31 24 55.5 16 15.0

7789 15/ 2 24 55.5 16 15.0 # 32

7789 15/ 2 24 55.8 16 14.4 # 33 24 55.8 16 14.4

7790 15/ 2 24 55.5 16 4.8 # 1 24 55.5 16 4.9

7791 15/ 2 24 54.5 15 53.8 # 1 24 54.5 15 53.9

7792 15/ 2 24 54.1 15 43.4 # 1 24 54.0 15 43.5

GEAR

TSD

TSD

TSD

TSD

TSD

WB

TSD

*TSD

TSD

TSD

TSD *WB

TSD *WB

DEPTH FISHING TIME REMARKS

(M) GMT

0 - 200 0543-0556

0- 200 0643-0655

0- 200 0745-0758

0- 195 0845-0855

0- 195 0945-0955

0- 175 1004-1024

0- 195 1045-1055

0- 185 1056-1232 * TSD HELD AT 150M. FOR 82 MIN,

0- 200 1345-1356

0- 65 1545-1551

0- 58 1705-1715 * NUTRIENT SAMPLES

0- 47 1821-1829 * NUTRIENT SAMPLES

STN. DATE POSITION GEAR DEPTH FISHING TIME 1972 LAT *N LONG "W (M) GMT

7793 15/ 2 24 53.4 15 33.1 TSD 0- 35 1937- 1944 # 1 24 53.4 15 33.1 *WB

7794 16/ 2 23 27.1 17 35.0 TSD 0-1200 0843- 0935 # 1 23 28.3 17 34.7 *WB

7795 16/ 2 22 50.5 18 26.3 TSD 0-1200 1457- 1548 # 1 22 50.5 18 26.3

7796 16/ 2 22 14.0 19 18.4 TSD 0-1200 2106- 2209 # 1 22 13.7 19 17.8

7797 17/ 2 21 37.4 20 7.9 TSD 0-1200 0332- 0438 , ^ 1 21 37.3 20 7.7

^ 7798 17/ 2 21 1.6 20 57.9 TSD 0-1200 0948- 1038 , ^ 1 21 1.6 20 57.6

7799 17/ 2 20 26.1 21 46.3 TSD 0-1200 1555- 1648 # 1 20 26.2 21 46.3

7799 17/ 2 20 25.2 21 45.7 RMT8+1 0-1000 1730- 1850 # 2 20 23.0 21 44.2

7800 18/ 2 19 47.8 22 33.1 TSD 0-1200 0107- 0216 # 1 19 47.9 22 33.1

7800 18/ 2 19 46.7 22 32.7 %MT8+1 0-1000 0304- 0424 # 2 19 44.0 22 31.7

7801 18/ 2 19 11.2 23 22.0 TSD 0-1200 1029- 1130 # 1 19 10.7 23 21.8 *WB

7801 18/ 2 19 11.0 23 22.1 %MT8+1 0-1000 1152--1319 # 2 19 13.5 23 24.4

REMARKS

NUTRIENT SAMPLES

STN, DATE POSITION GEAR DEPTH FISHING TIME REMARKS 1972 LAT 'N LONG 'W (M) GMT

7R02 # 1

18/ 2 18 18

37.6 37.5

24 24

14.4 14.5

TSD 0 — 1200 1929--2026

7802 # 2

18/ 2 18 18

37.9 39.5

24 24

15.3 18.5

RMT8+1 0- 1000 2055--2218 OBLIQUE HAUL

7R03 # 0

19/ 2 18 18

0.8 1.2

25 25

1.1 1.4

TSD 0- 1200 0431--0534

7803 # 1

19/ 2 18 18

1.8 3.3

25 25

2.2 4.8

%MT8+1 0- 1000 0606--0718 OBLIQUE HAUL FLOW DIST. 3.12 KM.

7803 # 2

19/ 2 18 18

6.4 11.7

25 25

8.1 15.1

%MT8+1 1015- 1250 0922--1322 FLOW DIST. 14.70 KM.

7803 # 3

19/ 2 18 18

10.1 5.8

25 25

15.8 14.4

RMT8+1 910- 1000 1518--1727

7803 # 4

19/ 2 18 18

3.0 1.2

25 25

13.4 13.1

%MT8+1 220-- 300 1843 -1935 NET MAY HAVE CLOSED PREMATURELY FLOW DIST. 2.64 KM.

7803 # 5

19/ 2 17 17

57.0 56.4

25 25

12.0 12.0

%MT8+1 1075--1250 2131 -2150 NET PREMATURELY CLOSED FLOW DIST. 3.60 KM.

7803 # 6

20/ 2 17 17

49.5 41.2

25 25

11.1 11.4

%MT8+1 1000--1250 0100 -0500 FLOW DIST. 17.52 KM.

7803 # 7

20/ 2 17 17

46.7 50.9

25 25

10.8 16.1

%MT8+1 1 500--2000 0916 -1321 FLOW DIST. 16.32 KM.

7803 # 8

20/ 2 17 17

54.1 56.8

25 25

19.6 23.0

%MT8+1 800-- 900 1517 -1717 FLOW DIST. 7.80 KM.

7803 # 9

20/ 2 17 17

56.6 49.0

25 25

6.4 2.6

%MT8+1 1500--2000 2128 -0128 FLOW DIST. 15.24 KM.

STN. DATE POSITION 1972 LAT "N LONG #W

GEAR DEPTH FISHING TIME REMARKS (M) GMT

7803 # 10

2 1 / 2 17 42.8 17 38.2

24 59.3 24 57.2

RMT8+1 405- 500 0357-0558 FLOW DIST. 8.64 KM,

7803 21/ 2 17 43.4 24 58.4 RMT8+1 # 11 17 46.6 25 6.2

7803 21/ 2 17 48.5 25 9.9 RMT8+1 # 12 17 50.1 25 13.8

1250-1500 0835-1235

710- 800 1413-1613

FLOW DIST. 13.20 KM

FLOW DIST. 6.96 KM,

7803 # 13

2 1 / 2 17 56.2 17 49.5

24 58.9 24 53.1

RMT8+1 1250-1500 2044-0044

7803 # 14

7803 # 15

2 2 / 2

2 2 / 2

17 46.2 17 43.4

17 41.9 17 39.6

24 49.6 24 46.9

24 45.2 24 43.1

RMTB+I

RMT8+1

305- 400 0235-0435

205- 300 0536-0706

FLOW DIST. 5.28 KM,

FLOW DIST. 6.24 KM,

7803 # 16

22/ 2 17 42.8 17 43.4

24 46.4 24 51.5

RMT8+1 610- 700 0845-1047 FLOW DIST. 6.72 KM

7803 22/ 2 17 44.0 24 54.2 RMT8+1 500- 600 1147-1345 UPPER LIMIT DOUBTFUL, DEPTH TRACE FAULTY # 17 17 44.4 24 58.1 FLOW DIST. 7.08 KM.

7803 # 18

22/ 2 17 45.4 17 46.2

24 59.2 24 59.2

NN 0- 0 1514-1526

7803 # 19

2 2 / 2 17 46.4 17 47.1

24 59.2 24 59.3

NN 0- 0 1526-1538

7803 # 20

22/ 2 17 47.6 17 48.5

24 59.4 24 59.5

NN 0- 0 1543-1555

7803 # 21

22/ 2 17 49.0 17 49.8

24 59.5 24 59.6

NN 0 1558-1610

STN,

7803 # 22

7R03 # 23

DATE POSITION 1972 LAT ON LONG 'W

22/ 2 17 50.4 25 0.0 17 50.4 25 2.2

2 2 / 2 17 50.4 17 50.0

25 3.9 25 3.8

GEAR

%MT25

TSD «WB

DEPTH FISHING TIME REMARKS ( M) GMT

0-1000 1626-1746 OBLIQUE HAUL FLOW DIST. 3.36 KM.

0-1200 1853-1954 *WB 2 CASTS TO 2000M,

-P-

7803 # 24

7803 # 25

7803 # 26

7803 # 27

7803 # 28

7803 # 29

7803 # 30

7803 # 31

7803 # 32

7804 # 1

23/ 2

23/ 2

23/ 2

23/ 2

24/ 2

17 49.1 17 50.8

25 6.3 25 17.5

17 56.9 25 7.9 17 51.9 25 0.2

17 53.4 24 58.4 17 51.8 24 56.0

17 52.3 24 54.1 17 47.6 24 50.6

17 48.5 24 52.4 17 54.6 24 58.9

24/ 2 18 0.9 25 0.9 18 7.3 25 7.1

24/ 2 18 10.0 25 9.0 18 16.1 25 14.6

24/ 2 18 16.0 25 13.7 18 8.5 25 10.7

25/ 2 18 4.7 25 8.6 17 57.5 25 5.4

25/ 2 17 54.2 24 11.7 17 54.2 24 10.9

%MT25

RMT25

%MT25

LHSl

%MT25

%MT25

%MT25

%MT25

RMT25

NN

805-1000 0048-0601

605- 800 0957-1357

FLOW DIST. 17.52 KM

FLOW DIST. 17.52 KM

295- 400 1523-1645 NET CLOSED PREMATURELY FLOW DIST. 5.40 KM.

490- 525 1917-2147

- MONITOR FAULT

1500-2000 0056-0556

810-1000 0858-1258

410- 600 1422-1822

6 1 0 - 8 0 0 2 1 0 6 - 0 1 0 6

405- 600 0307-0707

n- 0 1412-1424

FLOW DIST. 16.56 KM,





STN. DATE POSITION 1972 LAT 'N LONG «W


7805 25/ 2 17 51.5 23 10.7 # 1 17 50.8 23 10.1

NN 0- 0 2056-2 108

7806 26/ 2 17 52.5 22 9.3 # 1 17 52.5 22 8.4

NN 0 - 0 03 11-0323

7807 26/ 2 17 52.9 21 7.5 # 1 17 52.3 21 6.9

NN 0- 0 0930-0942

7808 26/ 2 17 59.2 20 8.5 # 1 17 58.8 20 7.8

NN 0- 0 1630-1642

7809 26/ 2 18 3.4 19 8.6

# 1 18 2.9 19 8.0 NN 0 - 0 2312-2324

7810 27/ 2 18 5.2 16 32.0 # 1 18 5.7 16 32.0

BN2.4 307- 307 1641-1706

7811 27/ 2 18 7.6 16 37.2 # 1 18 8.3 16 37.4

BN2.4 681- 699 1858-1931

7812 27/ 2 18 10.6 16 44.3 # 1 18 11.4 16 44.6

BN2.4 0- 0 2219-2248 MONITOR FLOODED-NET NOT FISHED ON BOTTOM

7812 28/ 2 18 14.5 16 45.6 # 2 18 15.0 16 45.8

BN2.4 0- 0 0023-0054 ABORTED - ELECTRONIC FAILURE

7813 28/ 2 18 9.5 16 38.0 # 1 18 7.9 16 39.5

BLL 601- 601 0600-0900

7814 28/ 2 18 8.9 16 38.2 # 1 18 8.0 16 39.6

TRAP B 578- 578 0630-1110

7815 3/ 3 10 50.6 17 25.5 # 1 10 50.9 17 26.6

TRAP B 612- 694 1720-2215 TRAP MAY HAVE DRAGGED

0\

STN,

7R15 # 2

7816 # 1

7B16 # 2

7R16 # 3

7816 # 4

7816 # 5

7817 # 1

7818 # 1

7819 # 1

7820 U 1

7821 # 1

7822 # 1

DATE

1972

3/ 3

4/ 3

4/ 3

4/ 3

4/ 3

4/ 3

4/ 3

4/ 3

4/ 3

4/ 3

5/ 3

5/ 3

POSITION LAT N LONG W

10 50.1 10 50.0

10 43.7 10 42.6

17 25.4

17 26.2

17 22.9 17 22.9

10 42.4 17 22.9 10 43.3 17 22.8

10 44.0 10 43.9

17 22.6 17 22.6

10 43.9 17 22.6 10 43.9 17 22.6

10 44.2 10 44.3

17 23.3 17 23.7

10 43.4 17 32.2 10 43.1 17 31.5

10 27.4 17 57.1 10 26.9 17 57.8

10 4.9 18 35.5 10 4.4 18 36.4

9 47.0 19 10.0 9 46.5 19 10.7

9 24.9 19 47.1 9 24.4 19 47.7

GEAR

TRAP B

8 59.0 8 59.3

20 19.8 20 18 .1

NN

BN2.4

GRAB B

GRAB B

BN2.4

BLL

NN

NN

NN

NN

TRAP

DEPTH FISHING TIME REMARKS (M) GMT

515- 515 1730-2130 FINE MESH BOTTOM

0- 0 0010-0025

273- 309 0109-0143

267- 267 0220-0230

267- 267 0234-0243

271- 320 03 18-0405

649— 649 0610—0840

0 - 0 1 2 0 0 - 1 2 1 2

0— 0 1603-1615

0- 0 2004-2016

0 - 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 1 2

1153-1153 0630-1200 FINE MESH BOTTOM

STN. DATE POSITION 1972 LAT N LONG W


7822 # 2

5/ 3 8 58.7 m 59.0

20 20.3 20 19.4

BLL 1151-1151 0737-1000

7822 # 3

5/ 3 8 59.4 8 59.2

20 1 8 . 0 20 18 .1

GRAB B 1155-1155 1310-1334 FAILED TO OPERATE

ro

7822 # 4

7822 # 5

7822 # 6

7822 # 7

7823 # 1

7824 # 1

5/ 3

5/ 3

5/ 3

5/ 3

6/ 3

7/ 3

8 59.2 8 59.2

8 59.0 9 0.5

8 59.0 9 0.0

8 59.1 8 59.9

9 21.4 9 20.6

10 57.0 10 55.0

20 18 .1 20 18 .0

20 17.6 20 17.9

20 16.9 20 17.1

20 16.3 20 16.2

21 21

20 20

1 » 6 3.3

3.1 7.8

GRAB B

TRAP B

TRAP B

BN2.4

TSD WB

RMT8+1

1166-1166 1335-1407

1162-1162 1439-1939 FINE MESH BOTTOM

1164-1164 1509-2044

1203-1203 1737-1813

0-1200 1019-1131 * WB AT 1200M,

710- 800 0004-0204 FLOW DIST. 8.40 KM,

7824 # 2

7/ 3 10 53.4 10 51.4

20 11.9 20 16.9

RMT8+1 900-1000 0341-0541 FLOW DIST. 10.08 KM,

7824 # 3

7824 # 4

7824 # 5

7/ 3

7/ 3

7/ 3

10 50.6 10 50.7

10 50.7 10 50.8

10 50.8 10 50.8

20 19.2 20 18.4

20 18.0 20 17.2

20 17.1 20 16.3

NN

NN

NN

0 - 0 0643-0655

0- 0 0657-0709

0- 0 0710-0722

00

STN,

7R24 # 6

7824 # 7

7824 # 8

7824 # 9

7824 # 10

7824 # 11

7824 # 12

7824 # 13

7824 # 14

7824 # 15

7824 # 16

7824 # 17

DATE

1972

7/ 3

7/ 3

7/ 3

7/ 3

7/ 3

7/ 3

7/ 3

7/ 3

8/ 3

8/ 3

8/ 3

8/ 3

POSITION

LAT N LONG W

10 50.1 10 49.0

10 48.9 10 49.0

10 48.6 10 46.6

10 45.9 10 45.6

10 45.6 10 45.1

10 45.0 10 45.2

10 45.4 10 45.4

10 45.3 10 45.8

10 45.9 10 46.1

10 46.3 10 46.6

10 46.6 10 46.8

10 58.2 10 56.3

20 13.6 20 10.3

20 20

20 20

20 20

20 20

8.9 8.1

6.9 4.8

3 » 6 2.9

4.0 9.3

20 11.7 20 10.9

20 10.5 20 11.1

20 20

9.8 0.2

19 57.3 19 53.4

19 51.6 19 50.9

19 50.6 19 49.8

GEAR

RMT8+1

NN

RMT8+1

NN

RMT8+1

NN


TSD WB

RMTB+l

RMT8+1

NN

NN

605- 700 0833-1033

0- 0 1114-1126

FLOW DIST. 5.76 KM,

500- 630 1208-1408 NET TOO DEEP DUE TO 5 MIN. MUFAX FAULT FLOW DIST. 5.76 KM.

0 - 0 1443-1455

505- 600 1548-1748

0- 0 1844-1856

FLOW DIST. 9.60 KM,

0-1200 1908-2011 * WB AT 500M,

20 20

5.4 0.6

RMT8+1

1000-1250 2103-0103

805- 900 0231-0431

0- 0 0518-0530

n- 0 0532-0544

700- 800 0905-1105

FLOW DIST. 15.36 KM

FLOW DIST. 6.96 KM,

FLOW DIST. 7.44 KM



REMARKS

7824 # 18

8/ 3 10 54.7 10 54.5

19 58.2 19 57.3

NN 0- 0 1201-1213

7824 # 19

8/ 3 10 53.3 10 48.8

19 55.7 19 46.9

RMT8+1 1000-1250 13 13-1713 FLOW DIST. 16.32 KM

7824 # 20

8/ 3 10 47.9 10 47.7

19 44.8 19 44.0

NN 0 - 0 1 8 1 0 - 1 8 2 2

l\) VO

7824 # 21

7824 # 22

7824 # 23

7824 # 24

8/ 3

9/ 3

9/ 3

9/ 3

10 56.0 10 54.8

10 54.2 10 52.5

10 54.7 10 54.9

10 55.0 10 55.2

19 46.7 19 38.2

19 38.2 19 42.8

19 55.1 19 56.2

19 56.6 19 57.5

RMT8+1

RMT8+1

NN

NN

1500-2000 2057-0057

610- 700 0240-0440

0- 0 0615-0627

0- 0 0629-0641


FLOW DIST. 8.40 KM,

7824 # 25

7824 # 26

7824 # 27

9/ 3

9/ 3

9/ 3

10 55.3 10 55.4

19 57.9 19 58.9

10 55.5 19 59.1 10 55.4 20 0.1

10 55.4 20 0.5 10 55.4 20 1.4

NN

NN

NN

0- 0 0643-0655

0- 0 0656-0708

0- 0 0710-0722

7824 9/ 3 10 55.4 20 1.7 # 28 10 55.4 20 2.6

NN 0- 0 0724-0736

7824 9/ 3 10 55.4 20 3.0 # 29 10 55.4 20 3.9

NN n- 0 0737-0749

STN,

7824 # 30

DATE POSITION GEAR 1972 LAT N LONG W

9/ 3 10 54.7 20 3.0 RMT8+1 10 51.7 19 58.9


405- 510 0830-1030 FLOW DIST. 7.68 KM,

7824 # 31

7824 # 32

7824 # 33

7824 # 34

9/ 3

9/ 3

9/ 3

9/ 3

10 50.9 10 50.7

10 49.9 10 47.0

10 46.3 10 46.2

10 45.8 10 48.6

19 57.8 19 57.0

19 55.3 19 51.3

19 50.1 19 49.2

19 47.3 19 43.1

NN

RMT8+1

NN

RMT8+1

0- 0 1058-1110

305- 400 1145-1345

0- 0 1413-1425

800- 910 1514-1714

FLOW DIST. 7.44 KM,

FLOW DIST. 6.72 KM,

LO o 7824 # 35

9/ 3 10 49.7 10 50.0

19 41.2 19 40.5

NN 0- 0 1754-1806

7824 # 36

7824 # 37

7824 # 38

7824 # 39

7824 # 40

7824 # 41

9/ 3

10/ 3

10/ 3

10/ 3

10/ 3

10/ 3

11 11

11 11

11 11

11 11

11 11

3.3 4.9

4.9 2.9

1.9 1.5

1.1 0.3

0 . 0,

19 48.3 19 38.3

19 37.2 19 41.2

19 52.4 19 53.3

19 55.8 20 0 . 2

11 0 . 2 10 59.7

20 20

20 20

2.1 3.0

5.1 9.6

RMT8+1 1250-1500 2044-0044

RMT8+1 500- 600 0216-0416

WB 0-2000 0540-0738

RMT8+1 895-1000 0903-1103

NN 0- 0 1146-1158

%MT8+1 575- 600 1245-1445


FLOW DIST. 7.08 KM

FLOW DIST. 7.68 KM,

FLOW DIST. 8.16 KM,

I

STN,

7824 # 42

7824 # 43

7824 # 44

7824 # 45

7824 # 46

7824 # 47

7824 # 48

7824 # 49

7824 # 50

7824 # 51

7824 # 52

7824 # 53

DATE

1972

10/ 3

10/ 3

10/ 3

10/ 3

11/ 3

1 1 / 3

11/ 3

11/ 3

11/ 3

11/ 3

11/ 3

11/ 3


10 59.4 10 58.8

10 58.8 10 58.8

10 57.8 10 56.0

10 55.5 10 53.9

10 53.4 10 51.8

10 51.4 10 49.9

10 48.2 10 47.4

10 46.3 10 45.4

10 44.1

10 43.1

10 42.1 10 41.1

10 40.3 10 39.3

10 47.6 10 44.5

20 12.9 20 17.1

20 18.2 20 18.5

20 18.5 20 14.9

20 13.8 20 10.0

20 20

20 20

20 20

8.9 5.5

4.2 0.3

3.4 5.9

20 9.9 20 12.5

20 17.6 20 20.0

20 22.6 20 24.9

20 27.3 20 29.6

20 20.6 20 18.4

GEAR

%MT8+1

TSD WB

RMT8+1

RMT8+1

%MT8+1

%MT8+1

%MT8+1

RMT8+1

RMT8+1

RMT8+1

RMTB+l

%MT8+1


(M) GMT

550- 575 1607-1807

FLOW DIST. 8.16 KM,

0-1200 1853-1959 * WB AT 1200M.

240- 265 2100-2300

236- 261 2333-0133

220- 260 0204-0404

240- 260 0438-0638

525- 550 0858-0958

500- 525 1119-1219

400- 510 1353-1453

400- 450 1553-1653

350- 400 1743-1843

50- 100 2045-2245

FLOW DIST. 7.32 KM

FLOW DIST. 7.44 KM

FLOW DIST. 7.44 KM,

FLOW DIST. 7.44 KM,

FLOW DIST. 5.04 KM,

FLOW DIST. 4.56 KM,

FLOW DIST. 5.04 KM,

FLOW DIST. 4.56 KM,

FLOW DIST. 4.56 KM,

FLOW DIST. 7.20 KM

u

STN,

7824 # 54

7R24 # 55

7824 # 56

7824 # 57

7824 # 58

7824 # 59

7824 # 60

7824

# 61

7824 # 62

7824 # 63

7824 # 64

7824 # 65

DATE

1972

11/ 3

11/ 3

12/ 3

12/ 3

12/ 3

12/ 3

12/ 3

12/ 3

12/ 3

12/ 3

12/ 3

13/ 3

POSITION

LAT N LONG W

10 44.2 10 43.7

10 44.1 10 43.9

10 43.5 10 40.8

10 39.5 10 37.9

10 52.8 10 52.1

10 51.0 10 50.3

10 49.7 10 49.0

10 48.4

10 47.7

10 47.3 10 46.7

10 46.4 10 45.7

10 59.1 10 59.1

20 18.9 20 25.3

20 19.6 20 22.7

20 25.9 20 24.0

20 23.0 20 21.2

20 12.0 20 14.8

20 18.9 20 21.5

20 23.9 20 26.2

20 28.7

20 31.2

20 33.0 20 35.3

20 36.6 20 39.0

19 59.3 19 59.9

10 58.9 20 0.3 10 57.7 19 57.3

GEAR

RMT8+1

RMTl

%MT8+1

.HSl

%MT8+1

%MT8+1

%MT8+1

%MT8+1

%MT8+1

RMT8+1

TSD WB

%MT8+1


(M) GMT

in- 29 23 15-0115 FLOW DIST. 10.08 KM

0- 10 2328-0027

20- 60 0136-0336

FLOW DIST. 6.00 KM,

238- 268 0430-0534 64 SUBSAMPLES

300- 350 0855-0955 FLOW TRACE LOST

250- 300 1118-1218

200- 250 1307-1407

150- 200 1454-1554

100- 150 1628-1728

FLOW DIST. 4.80 KM.

FLOW DIST. 4.32 KM,

FLOW DIST. 4.32 KM

FLOW DIST. 4.56 KM,

48- 101 1755-1855 NETS AND MONITOR LOST FLOW DIST. 4.32 KM.

0-1200 2329-0027 * WB AT 1200M.

205- 300 0233-0433

STN. DATE 1972

POSITION LAT LONG


7R24 13/ 3 10 53.6 19 5R.6 # 66 10 50.0 20 11.2

%MT8+1 0- 100 0834-1328 INTENDED 50-100M. NET DID NOT CLOSE

7824 ^ 6 7

13/ 3 10 48.2 10 45.0

20 10.7 20 7.2

%MT8+1 50- 110 1451-1705 DIFFICULTY IN CLOSING NET

7824 # 68

13/ 3 10 43.7 10 41.8

5.7 3.8

%MT8+1 600- 655 1758-1911 DIFFICULTY IN CLOSING NET

7824 13/ 3 10 37.9 20 0.9 # 69 10 34.4 19 57.7

RMT8+1 100- 200 2124-2324

7824 13/ 3 10 33.4 19 56.7 * 70 10 30.1 19 53.6

%MT8+1 305- 400 2358-0201

7824 14/ 3 10 28.9 19 52.3 # 71 10 25.3 19 49.2

RMT8+1 405- 500 0249-0501 DIFFICULTY IN CLOSING NET

7824 # 72

14/ 3 10 45.1 4.1 10 44.0 20 11.0

RMT8+1 23- 50 0836-1036

7824 14/ 3 10 44.0 20 12.7 # 73 10 43.5 20 19.4

RMT8+1 10- 25 1102-1302

7824 14/ 3 10 43.9 20 14.3 # 74 10 43.6 20 17.7

%MT1 0- 8 1130-1232

7825 14/ 3 10 46.8 21 9.9 # 1 10 46.5 21 10.4

TSD n-1200 1810-1916

7826 15/ 3 10 53.4 22 12.1 TSD # 1 10 53.3 22 11.9 *WB

0-1200 0038-0138 * WB AT 300M.

7827 15/ 3 10 59.7 23 13.2 TSD # 1 10 59.6 23 13.6 *WB

0-1200 0712-08 19 * WB AT 600M.


GEAR DEPTH FISHING TIME REMARKS IM) GMT

7R28 15/ 3 11 5.5 24 5.4 TSD # 1 11 5.7 24 6.1 *WB

0-1200 1310-1422 * WB AT 1200M,

w

7829 # 1

15/ 3 11 11

57.6 57.7

24 24

37.8 38.4

TSD *WB

0--1200 2025-2123 * WB AT 1200M.

7829 # 2

15/ 3 11 11

39.1 58.4

24 24

38.5 47.8

RMT8+1 0--1000 2142-0938 DIFFICULTY IN CLOSING NET-CLOSED AT

7830 a 1

16/ 3 12 12

51.9 52.4

25 25

19.4 19.8

TSD WB

0--1200 0708-0820 WB AT lOOOM. FAULTS ON DEPTH TRACE.

7830 # 2

16/ 3 12 12

51.5 50.2

25 25

19.4 18.7

RMT8+1 20--1000 0858-0947

7831

# 1

16/ 3 13

13

18.4 21.0

25 25

33.2

35.9 %MT8+1 10--1000 1335-1517

7832 # 1

16/ 3 13 13

49.7 50.5

25 25

52.1 56.2

%MT8+1 30 -1000 1900-2047

7832

# 2

16/ 3 13 13

51.0 51.4

25 25

57.5 57.6

TSD *WB

0 -1200 2136-2233 *WB AT 1200M.

7833 # 1

17/ 3 14 14

46.9 47.6

26 26

24.8 24.8

TSD *WB

0 -1200 0427-0529 *WB AT 700M.

7833 # 2

17/ 3 14 14

47.9 48.7

26 26

25.3 29.2

RMT8+1 10 -1000 0548-0741

7834 # 1

17/ 3 15 15

39.9 40.2

26 26

28.6 29.7

TSD * WB

0 -1200 1413-1522 *WB AT 1200M.

7834 # 2

17/ 3 15 15

40.3 40.2

26 26

30.7 36.6

%MT8+1 20 -1000 1544-1733

STN. DATE POSITION GEAR DEPTH FISHING TIME 1972 LAT N LONG W (M) GMT

7R35 18/ 3 16 40.5 26 35.4 TSD 0-1200 0018- 0115 # 1 16 40.8 26 35.6 *WB

7835 18/ 3 16 41.0 26 36.1 RMT8+1 10-1000 0129- 0304 # 2 16 42.4 26 39.6

7836 18/ 3 17 37.4 26 35.3 %MT8+1 500-1500 1349- 1859 # 1 17 42.5 26 46.2

7836 18/ 3 17 47.9 26 54.8 RMT8+1 900-1000 2224- 0040 # 2 17 50.8 27 0.2

7836 19/ 3 17 52.1 27 2.7 RMT8+1 195- 300 0141- 0342 # 3 17 54.4 27 7.0

7837 19/ 3 17 38.4 26 35.3 TSD 0-1200 0758- 0914 # 1 17 38.8 26 35.4 *WB

7838 21/ 3 21 29.6 17 39.1 BN2.4 533- 566 1954- 2024 # 1 21 30.4 17 39.5

7839 21/ 3 21 33.0 17 52.4 BN2.4 919- 947 2346- 0016 # 1 21 33.7 17 52.8

7840 22/ 3 21 37.3 18 4.5 BN2.4 1500-1548 0342--0412 # 1 21 38.1 18 4.8

7841 22/ 3 21 39.5 17 50.4 TRAP B 944- 944 0713--1300 # 1 21 38.9 17 51.1

7841 22/ 3 21 38.6 17 50.3 BLL 918- 918 0759--0956 # 2 21 38.5 17 50.7

7841 22/ 3 21 37.9 17 50.4 TRAP B 898- 898 0924--1550 # 3 21 38.4 17 50.5

w

STN. DATE POSITION GEAR DEPTH FISHING TIME 1972 LAT N LONG W (M) GMT

7841 22/ 3 21 38.3 17 51.9 BLL 947- 947 1159- 1427 # 4 21 38.7 17 52.1

7842 23/ 3 23 43.0 17 14.1 TRAP 6 951- 951 0610- 1046 # 1 23 42.5 17 15.9

7842 23/ 3 23 42.6 17 14.6 TRAP B 953- 953 0645— 1127 # 2 23 42.2 17 16.2

7842 23/ 3 23 41.8 17 14.5 BLL 940- 940 0740- 0940 # 3 23 42.0 17 15.3

7843 23/ 3 23 41.6 17 3.7 TRAP B 614- 614 1 438 — 1923 # 1 23 42.9 17 2.9

7843 23/ 3 23 41.4 17 4.1 TRAP B 623- 623 1500- 1848 # 2 23 42.5 17 3.5

7843 23/ 3 23 41.0 17 4.7 BLL 632- 632 1545- 1800 # 3 23 42.0 17 4.3

7844 23/ 3 23 43.3 16 56.7 BN2.4 479- 485 2116- 2146 # 1 23 43.9 16 56.3

7845 24/ 3 23 50.5 17 5.9 BN2.4 947 — 958 0054- 0126 # 1 23 51.0 17 5.4

7846 24/ 3 23 53.0 17 26.9 BN2.4 1500- 1504 0525- 0555 # 1 23 53.7 17 26.5

7847 24/ 3 23 56.3 17 30.7 RMT8+1 600- 800 1141- 1342 # 1 23 59.5 17 34.4

7847 24/ 3 24 2.2 17 37.2 RMT8+1 0— 595 1 523--1707 # 2 24 4.7 17 40.2

REMARKS

FLOW DIST. 8.98 KM,



7848 25/ 3 25 46.4 15 57.1 # 1 25 46.8 15 57.2

TRAP B 929- 929 0727-1300 FINE MESH BOTTOM

7848 25/ 3 25 47.1 15 57.4 # 2 25 47.0 15 57.1

TRAP B 976- 976 0805-1355 COARSE MESH + RECTANGULAR FINE MESH

7848 25/ 3 25 47.5 15 58.2

# 3 25 47.4 15 57.9 BLL 985- 985 0850-1106

7849 25/ 3 25 45.0 15 54.2

# 1 25 45.0 15 54.1 BLL 798- 798 1554-1831

7850 25/ 3 25 45.5 15 55.5 # 1 25 46.0 15 56.7

RMT8+1 0- 360 1632-1713 TEST HAUL NET FAILED TO CLOSE

7851 25/ 3 25 43.6 15 47.9 # 1 25 44.3 15 47.9

BN2.4 486- 559 2127-2157

7852 26/ 3 25 49.5 15 53.1 # 1 25 50.4 15 53.0

BN2.4 933-1045 0013-0042

7853 26/ 3 25 51.7 16 2.4 # 1 25 52.4 16 2.4

BN2.4 1503-1518 0419-0451

7854 26/ 3 25 54.6 15 51.8 # 1 25 56.3 15 51.3

TRAP 1166-1166 0730-1240 COARSE MESH + RECTANGULAR FINE MESH

7854 26/ 3 25 54.3 15 52.2 # 2 25 55.9 15 51.8

TRAP 1102-1102 0805-1155 FINE MESH BOTTOM

7855 26/ 3 25 55.4 15 54.3 # 1 25 55.6 15 54.5

RMT8+1 495- 605 0932-0942 MONITOR TEST (FANNY)

7855 26/ 3 25 55.9 15 55.4 # 2 25 55.9 15 55.4

RMT8+1 110- 130 1100-1103 MONITOR TEST (FRED)

STN. DATE POSITION

1972 LAT N LONG W

GEAR DEPTH FISHING TIME REMARKS

(M) GMT

7856 31/ 3 29 59.6 23 1.0 TSD 29 59.6 23 0.8 *WB

0-1200 0728-0822 *WB AT 1200 M,

7856 31/ 3 29 58.1 23 0.9

29 53.6 23 1.8

%MT8+1 405- 505 0910-1110

FLOW DIST, 9.45 KM

7856 31/ 3 29 50.9 23 2.6 29 47.4 23 4.5

RMT8+1 910-1000 1219-1419

FLOW DIST, 8.43 KM,

7856 # 4

31/ 3

7856 31/ 3

29 45.0 23 5.4 RMT8+1 29 40.5 23 7.7

29 39.3 23 8.6 NN

29 40.2 23 8.6

795- 900 1534-1734

0- 0 1820-1832

FLOW DIST, 8.19 KM

00 # 7856 31/ 3 29 58.0 23 1.0

29 54.7 23 1.7 RMT8+1 900-1000 2055-2255

FLOW DIST. 6.61 KM,

7856 1/ 4 29 51.1 23 2.8 # 7 29 47.0 23 3.8

%MT8+1 800- 895 0038-0238 FLOW DIST. 8.66 KM

7856 1/ 4 29 44.7 23 4.1 # 8 29 40.2 23 5.0

%MT8+1 405- 500 0342-0542 FLOW DIST. 8.35 KM

7856 1/ 4 29 56.1 23 2.4 %MT8+1 # 9 29 51.9 23 4.9

700- 800 0924-1133 SLIGHT DIFFICULTY IN CLOSING FLOW DIST. 9.13 KM.

7856 1/ 4 29 49.1 23 6.3 # 10 29 45.2 23 8.4

RMT8+1 600- 700 1244-1448 SLIGHT DIFFICULTY IN CLOSING FLOW DIST. 8.90 KM.

7856 1/ 4 29 43.4 23 9.3 # 11 29 38.7 23 11.4

%MT8+1 305- 400 1542-1743 FLOW DIST. 9.06 KM

7856 1/ 4 29 37.9 23 12.1 # 12 29 38.8 23 12.0

NN 0 - 0 1 8 0 8 - 1 8 2 0



REMARKS

7R56 # 13

7856 # 14

7856 # 15

7856 # 16

7856 # 17

7856 # 18

7856 # 19

7856

# 20

7R56

# 21

1/ 4 29 56.7 23 0.5 29 52.7 23 0.9

2/ 4

2/ 4

2/ 4

2/ 4

2/ 4

2/ 4

2/ 4

3/ 4

29 50.2 29 45.8

29 43.1 29 37.7

29 58.5 29 54.1

29 52.4 29 48.3

29 47.2 29 42.6

30 0.0 30 0.1

23 23

23 23

23 23

23 23

23 23

1.2 2.5

3.7 4.4

1.6 4.4

4.8 6.3

6.5 8.1

22 59.9 23 0.3

29 58.5 22 59.7 29 53.2 22 58.4

29 50.8 22 57.R 29 45.6 22 57.6

RMT8+1

RMT8+1

RMT8+1

%MT8+1

%MT8+1

%MT8+1

TSD KWB

%MT8+1

%MT8+1

700- 800 2117-2323

600- 700 0038-0244

300- 400 0357-0612

500- 600 0959-1204

205- 300 1251-1500

102- 203 1528-1729

0-1200 1950-2049

DIFFICULTY IN OPENING AND CLOSING FLOW DIST. 8.82 KM.

DIFFICULTY IN OPENING AND CLOSING FLOW DIST. 9.21 KM.

DIFFICULTY IN CLOSING FLOW DIST. 9.92 KM.

SLIGHT DIFFICULTY IN CLOSING FLOW DIST. 10.08 KM.

SLIGHT DIFFICULTY IN CLOSING FLOW DIST. 9.61 KM.

FLOW DIST. 10.40 KM

*WB AT 1200 M.

500- 600 2138-2348 MUFAX MALFUNCTION - FLOW ESTIMATED FLOW DIST. 10.71 KM.

205- 300 0042-0245

FLOW DIST. 10.40 KM

7856 3/ 4 29 43.8 22 57.4 RMT8+1 # 22 29 38.4 22 57.3

7856 3/ 4 29 36.9 22 57.0 NN # 23 29 36.0 22 56.7

100- 200 0324-0530

0 0553-0605

FLOW DIST. 10.08 KM

7856 3/ 4 29 59.1 22 59.7 # 24 29 54.5 22 59.7

RMT8+1 55- 100 0842-1042 FLOW DIST. 9.29 KM



7856 3/ 4 29 53.6 22 59.6 # 25 29 48.8 22 59.5

RMT8+1 25- 50 1100-1300 FLOW DIST. 9.69 KM

f-o

7856 # 26

3/ 4 29 29

49.0 50.8

22 23

59.7

1.1

RMT8+1 10- 25 1330- 1430

7856

# 27 3/ 4 29

29

52.0 53.8

23

23

1.7 3.0

RMTl 0 — 10 1458- 1558

7856 # 28

3/ 4 29 29

54.0 53.6

23 23

3.2 4.3

GRAB B 5171-5171 1610- 1850

7856

# 29 3/ 4 29

29

54.5

55.2 23

23

3.8 3.4

NN 0 — 0 1905- 1917

7856 # 30

3/ 4 29 29

55.3 56.0

23 23

3.4 2.9

NN 0 — 0 1918- 1930

7856 # 31

3/ 4 29 29

56.3 57.0

23 23

2.8 2.3

NN 0 - 0 1931- 1943

7856 # 32

3/ 4 29 29

57.3 58.0

23 23

2.2 1.7

NN 0 - 0 1945- 1957

7856 # 33

3/ 4 29 29

58.1 58.8

23 23

1.7 1.2

NN 0 — 0 1958- 2010

7856 # 34

3 / 4 29 29

59.1 59.9

23 23

1.0 0.6

NN 0 — 0 2012- 2024

7856 # 35

3/ 4 30 30

0.1 0.8

23 23

0.4 0.0

NN 0- 0 2025--2037

7856 # 36

3/ 4 30 30

1.0 1.7

22 22

59.9 59.4

NN 0 — 0 2038--2050

FLOW DIST. 5.04 KM,



7856 # 37

3/ 4 30 1.3 29 56.6

22 58.8 22 57.6

RMT8+1 50- 100 2115-2315 FLOW DIST. 10.24 KM.

7856 # 38

3/ 4 29 55.4 29 53.0

22 57.3 22 56.6

RMT8+1 25- 50 2342-0042 FLOW DIST. 4.88 KM,

7856 # 39

4/ 4 29 52.3 29 49.9

22 56.3 22 55.4

RMT8+1 10- 25 0057-0157 FLOW DIST. 4.72 KM,

7856 # 40

4/ 4 29 49.6 29 50.4

22 55.4 22 56.1

RMTl 0- 10 0217-0247

I

-P-

7856 4/ 4 29 49.4 22 56.6 %MT8+1 # 41 29 44.9 22 57.6

7856 4/ 4 30 0.4 23 0.6 %MT8+1 # 42 29 55.4 22 59.7

410- 500 0334-0534 14 DEG. C ISOTHERM FISHED FLOW DIST. 9.29 KM.

0-1000 0834-1039 OBLIQUE. WOULD NOT CLOSE TILL HAUL 730M,

7856 4/ 4 29 47.5 23 0.5 # 43 29 48.3 23 0.2

NN 0 - 0 1 6 0 6 - 1 6 1 8

7856 # 44

4/ 4 29 48.6 29 49.4

23 0.0 22 59.6

NN 0- 0 1619-1631

7856 # 45

4/ 4 29 49.8 29 50.6

22 59.5 22 59.1

NN 0- 0 1633-1645

7856 # 46

4/ 4 29 50.7 29 51.5

22 59.0 22 58.7

NN 0- 0 1646-1658

7856 # 47

4/ 4 29 51.9 29 52.7

22 58.6 22 58.3

NN 0- 0 1659-1711

7856 4/ 4 29 48.7 23 0.5 # 48 29 54.0 23 8.8

RMT8+1 1005-1250 21 14-0114 FLOW DIST. 18.74 KM

-p-M

STN,

7856 # 49

7856 # 50

7856 # 51

7856 # 52

7856 # 53

7856 # 54

7856 # 55

7856 # 56

7856

# 57

7856 # 58

7856 # 59

7856 # 60

DATE

1972

5/ 4

5/ 4

5/ 4

5/ 4

6/ 4

6/ 4

6/ 4

6/ 4

6/ 4

7/ 4

7/ 4

7/ 4

POSITION

LAT N LONG W

29 55.4 29 57.6

30 3.7 30 13.8

30 13.6 30 4.8

29 56.6 29 46.5

29 41.9

29 37.2

30

30

23 11.0 23 14.6

23

23

23 23

23 23

0.2 1.6

1.9

4.0

5.3 7.5

23 8.4

23 10.2

29 59.3

29 59.5

29 59.5

29 5 9 . 4

22 59.9

23 0.0

23

23 0 .0 0.3

1.2 6.9

30 8.9 30 11.2

30 11.1 30 10.6

30 10.3 30 9.8

GEAR DEPTH FISHING TIME REMARKS

(M) GMT

R M T 8 + 1 310- 345 0227-0427 15 DEG.C ISOTHERM FISHED FLOW DIST. 8.35 K M .

R M T 8 + 1 1000-1250 0917-1317

%MT8+1 1250-1500 1452-1853

R M T 8 + 1 1250-1500 2206-0206

TSD

*WB

WB

23 5.7

23 15.7

23 18.1

23 21.1

23 20.1

23 19.3

23 19.0 23 18.2

RMT8+1

NN

FLOW DIST. 22.21 KM



%MT8+1 425- 500 0349-0554 13 DEG. C ISOTHERM FISHED

FLOW DIST. 9.13 K M .

R M T 8 + 1 1500-2000 0831-1234

FLOW DIST. 17.80 K M .

0-2000 1513-1639 * WB AT 2000M.

0-2500 1648-1928 2 CASTS OF 12 BOTTLES EACH

%MT8+1 1500-2020 2129-0136 MUFAX FAULT - NO FLOW

NN

15-1000 0245-0421 OBLIQUE HAUL FLOW DIST. 5.98 KM,

0 - 0 0 6 0 6 - 0 6 1 8

0 0621-0633

1 -p-w

STN. DATE 1972


GEAR DEPTH (M)

F I SHING TIME GMT

REMARKS

7856 # 61

7/ 4 30 30

9.6 9.1

23 23

17.9 17.2

NN 0- 0 06 34—0646

7856 # 62

7/ 4 30 30

8.9 8.4

23 23

16.9 16.2

NN 0- 0 0648-0700

7856 # 63

7/ 4 30 30

8.2 7.7

23 23

15.9 15.2

NN 0 - 0 0703-0715

7856 # 64

7/ 4 30 30

7.4 6.8

23 23

15.0 14.3

NN 0 - 0 0716-0728

7856 # 65

7/ 4 30 30

6.6 6.1

23 23

14.0 13.3

NN 0 — 0 0731-0743

7856 # 66

7/ 4 30 30

5.8 5.3

23 23

13.1 12.4

NN 0 - 0 0745-0757

7856 # 67

7/ 4 30 30

4. 6 5.2

23 23

12.0 14.7

%MT8+1 240- 260 0831-0931 250M. SERIES 1 FLOW DIST. 5.20 KM.

7856 # 68

7/ 4 30 30

5.6

6.3 23 23

16.3 18.9

%MT8+1 230- 261 1005-1105 250M. SERIES 2 FLOW DIST. 5.04 KM.

7856 # 69

7/ 4 30 30

5.1 6.5

23 23

11.8 13.9

RMT8+1 240- 260 1236-1336 250M. SERIES 3 FLOW DIST. 5.04 KM.

7856 # 70

7/ 4 30 30

6.8 6.1

23 23

14.4 14.1

NN 0- 0 1405-1417

7856 # 71

7/ 4 30 30

5.8 5.1

23 23

14.0 13.7

NN 0- 0 1418-1430

7856

# 72 7/ 4 30

30 4.8 6.4

23 23

15.1 17.2

RMT8+1 240- 260 1544—1644 250 M. SERIES 4 FLOW DIST. 5.28 KM.

I

-p-

STN.

7856 # 73

7856 # 74

7856 # 75

7856 # 76

7856

# 77

7856 -c 78

I

7856 # 79

7856 # 80

7857 # 1

7857 # 2

7857 # 3

7857 # 4

DATE

1972

7/ 4

7/ 4

7/ 4

7/ 4

8/ 4

8/ 4

8/ 4

8/ 4

11/ 4

11/ 4

11/ 4

11/ 4

POSITION

LAT N LONG W

30 5.9 23 11.3 30 7.5 23 12.9

30 8.7 30 10.4

30 11.5 30 13.2

23 14.0 23 15.5

23 16.6 23 18.4

30 8.5 23 14.3 30 10.0 23 16.4

29 58.1 23 6.3

29 58.9 23 8.9

29 59.8 30 0.7

23 10.5 23 13.2

30 1.2 23 14.8 30 1.9 23 17.1

29 58.8 29 45.2

23 17.3 23 13.8

36 45.4 14 16.4 36 45.4 14 17.7

36 45.2 36 45.0

36 44.1 36 44.6

36 51.9 36 52.4

14 16.3 14 17.4

14 18.1 14 18.3

14 25.8 14 25.6

GEAR

RMT8+1

RMT8+1

RMT8+1

%MT8+1

%MT8+1

RMT8+1

%MT8+1

RMT8+1

TRAP B

TRAP

BN2.4

BN2.4

DEPTH FISHING TIME

(M) GMT

240- 260 1753-1853

240- 260 1930-2030

240- 260 2106-2210

240- 260 2335-0036

240- 260 0339-0439

245- 255 0519-0625

240- 260 0705-0808

2010-3000 0950-1550

REMARKS

250 M. SERIES 5 FLOW DIST. 4.57 KM.







LOWER DEPTH ESTIMATED. BEYOND MON. RANGE FLOW DIST. 27.88 KM.

313- 313 1425-1831 COARSE MESH + RECTANGULAR FINE MESH

300- 300 1441-1905 FINE MESH BOTTOM

271- 277 1532-1602

978-1040 2230-2255

STN. DATE POSITION GEAR DEPTH FISHING TIME REMARKS

1972 LAT N LONG W (M) GMT

7857 12/ 4 36 46.6 14 31.4 BN2.4 1341-1356 0230-0300

# 5 36 47.3 L4 31.0

STN. 7857

36?4/N M°30'W

CANARY I51E5

7848 - 7 8 5 5

7 7 8 8 - 9

7 7 9 0 - 3

7 8 4 6 - 7

7 8 4 2 - 5

7796

7838 - 4 1

7798

7799

7800

7 8 3 6 - 7

vmrnw i# n#

DWCOVMY

TWWCK CHART

AND #TN, POSITION*

CRUIW

4LZ)' bd''

7 8 1 3 - 7 8 1 7 7827

F I G . L

. > ! r l'\.^ i.jt' "Y ; \ ' A\'

; M m? .>•!' •;

S" .•fcV'4W^4n<i •'•' \ • '' f jfir-feiV,» ^ \

Documents

R.R.S. DISCOVERY CRUISE 45 - Eprintseprints.soton.ac.uk/392208/1/1178748-1001.pdf · RRS DISCOVERY CRUISE 45 February ... Decapod Crustacea (P. Foxton) 7 ... Bioluminescence (P.J