Répertoire Repertory - Cultural Heritage programme: … Bibliographie générale 5 General bibliography Documents Documents Commission Européenne 23 European Commission Euromed Heritage

Répertoire de publications, rapports et normes internationales utiles pour les études comparatives relatives au cadre institutionnel et légal de la conservation du patrimoine

Repertory of publications, reports and international regulations useful for the comparative studies on the institutional and legal framework of heritage conservation

Second Draft /October 2009

Deuxième Version /Octobre 2009Se

TABLE DE MATIERES TABLE OF CONTENTS

Présentation 3 Presentation

Bibliographie générale 5 General bibliography

Documents

Documents

Commission Européenne 23 European Commission Euromed Heritage Euromed Heritage

Epoch Epoch Recherche Communautaire, Energie,

Environnement et Développement durable Community Research, Energy, Environment

and Sustainable Development

Conseil de l’Europe 27 Council of Europe Chartes Charters

Conventions Conventions Recommandations Recommendations

UNESCO 36 UNESCO

Conventions Conventions Recommandations Recommendations

Déclarations Declarations

ICOM 43 ICOM

ICOMOS 45 ICOMOS Chartes Charters

Résolutions et déclarations Resolutions and Declarations Autres documents Other documents

UNIDROIT 47 UNIDROIT

OMT 52 WTO

OMPI - L’Organisation Mondial de la

Propeiété Intellectuelle 55 WIPO - World Intellectual Property

Organisation

Pays partenaires du Bassin méditerranéen

Mediterranean partner countries

Algérie 57 Algeria Egypte 59 Egypt

Israël 61 Israel Jordanie 63 Jordan

Liban 64 Lebanon Maroc 65 Morocco

Autorité palestinienne 67 Palestinian Authority Syrie 69 Syria

Tunisie 70 Tunisia

RMSU Euromed Heritage 4 – Institutional and legislative strengthening [email protected] / www.euromedheritage.net

REPERTOIRE /DIRECTORY – last change: 25/09/2009 page 3/71

PRESENTATION This directory is a preliminary exercise to the comparative studies of the special programme of Euromed Heritage IV regarding the institutional and legislative strengthening in the field of cultural heritage. It does not intend in any way to be a comprehensive bibliography. The aim is simply to identify existing documents that could serve as reference during the future works. The selection is made according to the following criteria:

1. A wide definition of cultural heritage: movable and immovable, tangible and intangible, historic gardens and cultural landscapes, rehabilitation of historic towns, management of heritage sites, museums and collections, etc.

2. Documents concerning institutions, legislations and management practices.

3. Preference given to documents posted on a website (through hypertext link).

4. Particular attention to the Mediterranean Area and to the partner countries (Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, Tunisia, Syria).

5. Particular attention to documents from the European Union. The directory is "open". It will be regularly updated, on the basis of the new data that will be collected during the work. We are grateful to all those colleagues who would be so kind as to inform us about documents of interest that have not been listed. The inventory is posted on the website of the Euromed Heritage programme: www.euromedheritage.net The international regulations, "conventions" and "charters" that guide the continuous progress in the definition of "heritage" and in the "good practices" have also been identified. Reference has been made to the main texts and to the website where they can be consulted. Institutional and legislative strengthening has been recommended by the authorities of the partner countries as a priority of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership for the period 2007 to 2013. Besides the comparative studies, the programme includes the organisation of 6 specialised workshops, the first of them taking place in Paris, in December 2008, at UNESCO Headquarters, on the domain of inventories. The present repertory has been made possible thanks to the precious contribution of Teresa Cristina Martins Patrício, PhD in Architecture, Master in Heritage Conservation. Jean-Louis Luxen Senior Legal Expert Regional Monitoring and Support Unit Euromed Heritage IV programme [email protected]

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PRESENTATION Ce répertoire est le fruit d'un exercice préalable aux études comparatives du programme spécial Euromed Heritage IV portant sur le renfort des institutions et des législations dans le domaine du patrimoine culturel. Il ne se veut en aucune manière une bibliographie exhaustive. L'objectif est simplement d'identifier les documents auxquels il est utile de pouvoir se référer au cours des travaux ultérieurs. La sélection répond aux critères principaux suivants :

1. Définition large du patrimoine culturel : meuble et immeuble, matériel et immatériel, jardins historiques et paysages culturels, sauvegarde des villes historiques, gestion des sites patrimoniaux, des musées et des collections, etc.

2. Documents relatifs aux institutions, aux législations et aux pratiques de gestion.

3. Préférence donnée aux documents qui peuvent être consultés par internet (par lien hypertexte).

4. Attention particulière pour le Bassin méditerranéen et les pays partenaires (Algérie, Autorité palestinienne, Egypte, Israël, Jordanie, Liban, Maroc, Tunisie, Syrie).

5. Attention particulière pour les documents relevant de l'Union Européenne. Le répertoire se veut "ouvert" : Il sera régulièrement complété par les données nouvelles recueillies au cours des travaux. Nous sommes reconnaissants envers tous ceux qui voudront bien nous communiquer les publications non inventoriées. Le répertoire est disponible en consultation sur le site internet du programme Euromed Héritage: www.euromedheritage.net Les normes internationales, "conventions" et "chartes" qui président aux avancées continues dans la défintion du "patrimoine" et dans les prescriptions relatives aux "bonnes pratiques" ont été aussi relevées. Il est fait mention des principaux textes, avec indication du site internet où ils peuvent être consultés. Le renforcement institutionnel et législatif a été souhaité par les autorités des pays partenaires et repris comme une priorité du partenariat euro-méditerranéen pour la période 2007 à 2013. Outre des études comparatives, le programme prévoit l'organisation de 6 ateliers spécialisés, dont le premier se tient à Paris, en décembre 2008, au siège de l'UNESCO, sur la problématique des inventaires. Le présent répertoire a bénéficié de la contribution décisive de Teresa Cristina Martins Patrício, Docteur en Architecture, Maître en conservation du patrimoine. Jean-Louis Luxen Docteur en Droit Regional Monitoring and Support Unit Programme Euromed Héritage IV [email protected]







Bibliographie générale / General bibliography

A ABRY Alexandre, CARABELLI Romeo (dir.), (2005), Reconnaître et protéger l’architecture récente de la Méditerranée, Maisonneuve et Larose.

http://books.google.fr/books?id=XeMxHSgluXQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false Acteurs du Patrimoine Européen et Législation – APPEL, (2001), Survey of the legal and professional responsibilities of the Conservator - Restorers as regard the other parties involved in the preservation and conservation of cultural heritage / Etude des responsabilités légales et professionnelles des conservateurs - restaurateurs au regard des autres acteurs de la sauvegarde et de la conservation du patrimoine culturel, APEL, Rome. (ISBN: 92-990010-0-6)

AÑON FELIÚ Carmen (ed.), (2002), Culture and Nature. International legislative texts referring to the safeguard of natural and cultural heritage, Giardino e Paesaggio, Leo S. Olschki, Città di Castello.

B BAHRI-MEDDEB A., BINOUS J., DROCOURT D., (1994), Guidelines for the rehabilitation of Mediterranean historic settlements, Priority actions programme regional activity centre (PAP/RAC), Mediterranean action plan-unep, Split, Mediterranean action plan, 2 vol. BASDEVANT Brigitte, CORNU Marie, FROMAGEAU Jérôme (dir.), (2006) Le patrimoine culturel religieux. Enjeux juridiques et pratiques culturelles, (Collection Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris. BERGEAL Catherine, (2006), Gérer les sites classés, lieux de beauté et de mémoire, lieux de projets, Sites et Monuments, SPPEF, Paris, n°195, p. 30-32. BONNIN Marie, (2008), Les corridors écologiques. Vers un troisème temps du droit de la conservation de la nature, (Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L’Harmattan, Paris. 274 pages. BOUMAZA Nadir, (2005), Pour une pragmatique de l’action appuyé sur le patrimoine. Discours, enjeux et nécessités d’avancer, in : BOUMAZA Nadir (dir), Villes réelles, villes projetées, villes maghrébines en fabrication, Maisonneuve et Larose. BOUMAZA Nadir, (1999), L’émergence d’acteurs intermédiaires de l’urbanisme au Maghreb: l’exemple de la sauvegarde des médinas de Fès et de Tunis, in : SIGNOLES P., EL KADI G., SIDI BOUMEDINE R. (dir), L´urbain dans le monde arabe. Politique, Instruments et acteurs, Paris, Editions du CNRS.

http://www.cybergeo.eu/index984.html BOUMAZA Nadir, (2003), Expérience occidentale et construction maghrébine d’une approche du patrimoine, in : GRAVARI-BARBAS Maria, GUICHARD-ANGUIS Sylvie (dir.), Regards croisés sur le patrimoine dans le monde à l’aube du 21e siècle, Presse de l’Université Paris-Sorbonne.

http://books.google.fr/books?id=5fC6tPOhFPMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false BRINKMAN Manus, (2006), Reflexions on the causes of illicit traffic in cultural property and some potential cures, in: Art and cultural heritage: law, policy and practice, Cambridge University Press, New York, p. 64-67. (ISBN: 0-521-85764-3) BURGER Patrice, ROUSSELOU Emilie, TAQUET Michel, (2001), Environnement et Développement durable en Méditerranée: répertoire des acteurs / Environment and sustainable development in the Mediterranean area: active participants directory, Du Gret, (s.l.). (ISBN: 2-86844-118-1)



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C CAMARDA G., SCOVAZZI Tullio, (2002), The Protection of the underwater cultural heritage: legal aspects, a conference held in Palermo and Syracuse, 8-10 March 2001, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, Facoltà di giurisprudenza, Giuffre, Milano. CARABELLI Romeo, (2006), Héritage architectural récent en Méditerranée, Paris, Publibook. Ouvrage réalisé dans le cadre du projet "Patrimoines partagés: savoirs et savoir-faire appliqués au patrimoine architectural et urbain des XIXe-XXe siècles en Méditerranée", sous l'égide du programme "Euromed Héritage II".

http://books.google.fr/books?id=nKowcymFm80C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false CARDUCCI Guido, (1997), La restitution internationale des biens culturels et des objets d'art volés ou illicitement exportés : droit commun, directive CEE, conventions de l'UNESCO et d'UNIDROIT, LGDJ, Paris. (ISBN : 2-275-01571-X br)

CARDUCCI Guido, (2006), The growing complexity of International Art Law: Conflict of Laws, Uniform Law, Mandatory Rules, UNSC Resolutions and EU Regulations, in: Art and cultural heritage: law, policy and practice, Cambridge University Press, New York, p. 68-85. (ISBN: 0-521-85764-3) CASSAR May, (2009), Sustainable heritage: challenges and strategies for the twenty-first century, APT bulletin 40, no. 1 pp. 3-11.

Abstract: This article, based on the College of Fellows lecture given at APT's 2008 annual conference in Montreal, looks at the intersection of heritage conservation and sustainability and considers how these two disciplines will together address the challenges of this century. In thinking about the challenges and strategies that are emerging as the 21st century unfolds, it would seem appropriate to set the scene for sustainable heritage conservation through the prism of the last 40 years by highlighting some key developments in society, in heritage conservation, and in the preservation profession. The author illustrates what these changes mean for heritage conservation using the example of the greatest current challenge, climate change, and considers how it might affect the thinking and practice of heritage conservation. These last two decades have been like the slow movement of tectonic plates. The Athens Charter of 1931 and the Venice Charter of 1964, with their focus on buildings, monuments, and sites, have been augmented by the APT New Orleans Charter for the Joint Conservation of Historic Structures and Artifacts of 1991, with its focus on interdisciplinarity, minimal intervention, and the maintenance of continuity. The amendments to the Burra Charter in 1999 overtly recognized that heritage value and significance may be embodied in the uses, meanings, and associations of a place, in addition to the physical fabric. These paradigm shifts in conservation thinking have been occurring while sustainability principles have been developing. Yet the world will change much faster and in radically different ways compared to the last four decades. So the next step for heritage conservation is an obvious one, to align the principles and practice of conservation in the 21st century fully with sustainability principles. Subsequent steps may be harder to gauge in the endeavor to align heritage conservation more closely with delivering an acceptable quality of life for the world's population, combining work with economic growth of communities, and conserving heritage without depleting or damaging the natural resources needed to sustain future generations. Realigning conservation with sound principles of sustainability is an engaging if challenging contemporary definition of sustainable heritage conservation. History, ethics, and policy of architectural preservation.

CENTRE DU DROIT DE L'ART, (s.d.), La convention d'Unidroit du 24 juin 1995 sur les biens culturels volés ou illicitement exportés : actes d'une table ronde organisée le 2 octobre 1995, (Etudes en droit de l'art, 9), Centre du droit de l'art, Genève, Schulthess Polygraphischer Verl., Zürich, Bibliothèque des arts, Paris. (ISBN : 3-7255-3653-8 br)



http://books.google.fr/books?id=nKowcymFm80C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false�



CHAMBERLAIN Kevin, (2004), War and cultural heritage : an analysis of the 1954 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its two protocols, Institute of Art and Law, Leicester. CLAMP Hugh, (1999), Landscape professional practice : a guide to legislation, conduct, appointments, practice and contract procedures, Gower, Brookfield, 2nd ed. (ISBN: 0566080710)

http://library.getty.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=522536

CLARK Kate, (2005), Working with conservation management plans, Context, n° 91, p. 25-27. Abstract: Conservation management planning is not just a piece of bureaucracy. It has the power to be a common script that helps us to engage with other people.

CORNU Marie, (2003), Droit des biens culturels et des archives.

http://www.educnet.education.fr/chrgt/biensculturels.pdf CORNU Marie, (2003), Patrimoine architectural, urbain et paysager : enjeux juridiques et dynamiques territoriales, (Collection Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), actes du colloque organisé par la Direction de l'architecture et du patrimoine du Ministère de la culture et de la communication, 6, 7 et 8 décembre 2001 à Lyon, l'Harmattan, Paris, Budapest , Turin. (ISBN : 2-7475-4368-4 Br.) CORNU Marie, (2003), Les mutations du droit du patrimoine culturel / Changes in the legislation of historical monuments, in : GRAVARI-BARBAS Maria, GUICHARD-ANGUIS Sylvie (eds), Regards croisés sur le patrimoine dans le monde à l'aube du XXIe siècle, Presses de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, p.151-157. (ISBN: 2-84050-277-1)

Abstract: As the concept of heritage broadens, a wider view of the elements and approaches of heritage protection is inevitable. The article poses the question of how laws and legislation dealing with heritage address this broader base. The author wonders whether current law provides adequate answers, or whether present legislation needs to be changed. Currently, much legislation seems to address only material, moveable heritage, for instance works of art and monuments. Little if any legislative consideration is given to intangible heritage (traditions, customs, know-how, languages). At the same time, there is acceptance that certain types of heritage, such as landscapes and the urban fabric, evolve over time. The author contends that joint legislative action is imperative in the fields of cultural and environmental heritage.

CORNU Marie, (2004), Archives et patrimoine, actes du colloque organisé dans le cadre du programme CNRS "Archives de la création" par le Groupe de recherche sur le droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel CECOJI-CNRS et Faculté Jean Monnet - Université Paris-Sud-XI, (Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), l'Harmattan, Paris, Budapest, Torino, 2 vol.. (ISBN : 2-7475-5902-5 br. ; 2-7475-5903-3 br.) CORNU Marie, FERAULT Marie-Agnès, FROMAGEAU Jérôme (dir.), (2003), Patrimoine architectural, urbain et paysager : enjeux juridiques et dynamiques territoriales, (Collection Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris. CORNU Marie, FROMAGEAU Jérôme (dir.), (1999), Fondation et trust dans la protection du patrimoine, (Collection Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris. CORNU Marie, FROMAGEAU Jérôme (dir.), (2001), Genèse du droit de l’environnement, (Collection Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris, 2 vol. CORNU Marie, FROMAGEAU Jérôme (2002), Le patrimoine culturel et la mer : aspects juridiques et institutionnels, (Collection Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris, 2 vol. CORNU Marie, FROMAGEAU Jérôme (dir.), (2003), Archives et Recherche, (Collection Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris.



http://library.getty.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=522536�

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CORNU Marie, FROMAGEAU Jérôme (dir.), (2004), La forêt à l’aube du XXIe siècle. Aspects politiques et juridiques, (Collection Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris, 2 vol. CORNU Marie, MEZGHANI Nébila (dir.), (2004), Intérêt culturel et mondialisation, (Collection Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris, 2 vol. CORNU Marie, MALLET-POUJOL Nathalie, (2006), Droit, œuvres d’art et musés, CNRS Editions. CRIDEAU-CNRS Limoges (dir.), (2004), Les monuments historiques : un nouvel enjeu, Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel, L’Harmattan, Paris. 2 vol.

D DAILOO Shabnam Inanloo, PANNEKOEK Frits, (2008), Nature and culture: a new world heritage context, International journal of cultural property 15, n° 1, p. 25-47.

Abstract: The understanding of the relationship between culture and nature as manifested in the UNESCO declarations and practices has changed over the last few years. The World Heritage Convention is continuing to evolve its definitions to reflect the increasing complexities of world cultures as they grapple with the heritage conservation policies that reflect their multiple stakeholders. They are also integrating a greater cultural perspective in their recent resolutions to the convention. Although the links between nature and culture have been clarified through this new attention to cultural landscapes, many countries and their bureaucracies have not yet adopted these new perspectives. The article suggests that to achieve an integrated approach to conservation, national, regional, and international bodies and their professionals must be involved. Two examples are discussed to address the shortcomings of the application of the convention and to illustrate the complexities of defining and conserving cultural landscapes. Historic gardens and cultural landscapes, History, policy, ethics, and legislation, heritage management, stakeholders.

DE LA TORRE Marta (ed.), (1997), La conservation des sites archéologiques dans la région méditerranéenne, in : Marta de la Torre (dir.), Une conférence internationale organisé par le Getty Conservation Institute et le J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, mai 1995, (actes de conférence), The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles. (ISBN: 0-89236-487-4) DE LA TORRE Marta (ed.), (2002), Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage: Research Report, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles.

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/assessing.pdf

DEACON Harriet (et al.), (2004), The subtle power of intangible heritage : legal and financial instruments for safeguarding intangible heritage, Research monograph / Social Cohesion and Integration Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council HSRC Publishers, Cape Town. (ISBN: 0796920745) http://library.getty.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=682266 DI LEVA Charles E., (2006), The World Bank's Policy on physical cultural resources, Cambridge University Press, New York, p. 245-248. (ISBN: 0-521-85764-3) DIETRICH Reinhard, (2002), Cultural property on the move – legally, illegally, International Journal of Cultural Property, vol.11, n°2, January 2002, p.294-304. Direction des Archives de France, Centre de recherche sur le droit du patrimoine culturel, (2006), Archives et sciences sociales, Aspects juridiques et coopérations scientifiques. DROCOURT Daniel, POMEY Patrice, NIETO Javier (et al.), (1995), Cent sites historiques d'intérêt commun méditerranéen : Protection du patrimoine archéologique sous-marin en Méditerranée, 100 sites historiques d'intérêt commun méditerranéen: documents techniques, Ateliers du Patrimoine de la Ville de Marseille, Editions De Boccard, Marseille, n°5. (ISBN: 2-907045-02-6)



http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/assessing.pdf�




DROMGOOLE Sarah (ed.), (1999), Legal protection of the underwater cultural heritage : national and international perspectives, Kluwer Law International, Leicester. (ISBN: 9041197621)


DROMGOOLE Sarah (ed.), (2006), The protection of the underwater cultural heritage: national perspectives in light of the UNESCO Convention 2001, (Publications on ocean development, n°55), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, Boston 2nd ed. (ISBN: 978-90-04-1527-31; 90-04-15273-3)

http://library.getty.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=780596 DUTLI Maria Teresa, (2007), Protection juridique des biens culturels dans les conflits armés: le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) et la Protection des biens culturels (PBC). The role of the ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross) in the protection of cultural property, KGS Forum = Forum PBC, n° 11, p. 71-77.

Abstract: Recent armed conflicts caused by religious or ethnic strife have shown that in wartime the first to suffer are civilians and, increasingly, cultural goods. Of course, in the event of conflict, the protection of human beings must be the first priority, derived from international humanitarian law. Nevertheless, since cultural heritage is a major component of the identity of peoples and communities, regulations concerning protection of cultural property (PCP) have also become a part of international humanitarian law. Respecting the dignity of a people entails respecting its culture. This general PCP situation, to which the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has made significant contributions, is well developed and detailed. However, in order for the international conventions to be applied, countries must become signatory states. The ICRC contributes to convincing new states and raising their awareness of PCP issues. At present, 117 countries have ratified the 1954 Hague Convention, and of these, 95 the First Protocol (1954) and 45 the Second Protocol (1999). The additional amendment Protocols I and II of 1977 to the Geneva Conventions bind 167 and 163 countries, respectively, to comply with the regulations. These international instruments have still not been enforced, however, and their further diffusion is necessary to ensure their respect in all countries in the event of conflict. Also, until now, few countries have taken measures at the national level to ensure PCP in the event of conflict: these would include penal measures; the identification of cultural property via inventories; or training of military staff, authorities, and concerned civilians. Relevant legislative measures, which are numerous, are essential to ensuring the respect of cultural property during a conflict and preserving mankind's cultural heritage. As shown by the destruction during many conflicts (e.g., in Cambodia, the former Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, or Darfur), compliance with the regulations of humanitarian international law--including PCP--continues to be major objective and a precondition for peaceful coexistence among peoples. History, policy, ethics, and legislation, conservation policy, cooperation, international agreements, international law.

F FAWAZ Mona (dir), (2006), Urban Heritage and the politics of the Present, the American University of Beirut. FIEDLER Wilfried, TURNER Stefen, (2003), Bibliography on the Law of the international protection of cultural property, De Gruyter Recht. FITZ Gibbon, (2005), Who owns the past? Cultural policy, cultural property, and the law, (The Public Life of the Arts series), Piscataway, NJ, Rutgers University Press. FRANCIONI Francesco, (1998), Le commerce illicite d’objets d’art et son contrôle : la Convention d’UNIDROIT de 1995, Revue du Marché unique européen, n°2, p.69-88. FRIER Pierre-Laurent (dir.), (2004), Le nouveau droit de l’archéologie préventive, (Collection Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris. FRIER Pierre-Laurent, (1997), Droit du patrimoine culturel, PUF, (Droit fondamental ).







FRIGO Manlio, (2001), La circolazione internazionale dei beni culturali : Diritto internazionale, diritto comunitario e diritto interno, Giuffrè, Milano.

G GALARD Jean (dir.), (2001), L'Avenir des musées, actes du colloque international organisé au musée du Louvre par le Service culturel les 23-25 mars 2000, Réunion des musées nationaux, musée du Louvre, R.M.N., Paris. (ISBN 2-7118-4327-0)

Résumé: Les contributions réunies dans ce volume offrent une réflexion sur des questions décisives pour l'avenir des musées telles que les financements, les évolutions juridiques, l'incidence des nouvelles techniques de l'information, etc. L'intérêt de cet ouvrage est de présenter des expériences diverses et internationales, les intervenants provenant de différents pays d'Europe et des États-Unis. Les communications rendent essentiellement compte d'expériences professionnelles occidentales et de pays riches. On peut donc regretter l'absence d'intervenants originaires de pays d'Afrique, d'Asie, d'Océanie. Deux articles sont à signaler dans ce recueil : "Inaliénabilité des œuvres : la législation européenne", de Xavier Buffet Delmas d'Autane (p. 243-261), qui présente l'inaliénabilité des œuvres en droit français. L'auteur offre par ailleurs une vue d'ensemble des principes applicables en la matière en Espagne, en Italie, en Allemagne et au Royaume-Uni. "Le principe d'inaliénabilité : une remise en question", de Chris Dercon (p. 263-285), pose la question de la cession des œuvres d'art contemporain, au moyen de l'exemple de la politique de gestion des collections menée au musée Boijmans Beuningen de Rotterdam.

http://icom.museum/bibliographie2002.html

GARFINKLE Ann M., (2003), The Legal and Ethical Consideration of Mural Conservation: Issues and Debates, in: Getty symposium "Mural Painting and Conservation in the Americas", Los Angeles, CA, May 16-17, 2003, GCI, Los Angeles.

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/garfinkle.pdf

GIBSON Johanna, (2005), Community resources : intellectual property, international trade and protection of traditional knowledge, Aldershot, Hants, Burlington, VT, Ashgate. (ISBN: 0754644367)


GRAVARI-BARBAS Maria, GUICHARD-ANGUIS Sylvie (dir.), (2003), Regards croisés sur le patrimoine dans le monde à l’aube du 21e siècle, Presse de l’Université Paris-Sorbonne.

http://books.google.fr/books?id=5fC6tPOhFPMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false GROSHEIDE F. Willem, BRINKHOF Johannes Jacobus (eds), (2002), Intellectual property law, 2002 : articles on the legal protection of cultural expressions and indigenous knowledge, (Molengrafica series, n°13), Molengraaf Institute for Private Law’s, Centre for Intellectual Property Law (CIER), Intersentia Antwerp, New York. (ISBN: 905095233X)

Contents: "Granular knowledge": cultural problems with intellectual property and protection / Walter E.A. van Beek and Fabiola Jara -- Protecting traditional knowledge and folklore / Graham Dutfield -- Intellectual property and the protection of cultural expressions: the work of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) / Wend B. Wendland --- Legal concerning (i.e., concerns of?) traditional knowledge protection on the international agenda: the EU approach / Jean Charles van Eeckhaute -- Protecting the cultural expressions of indigenous peoples under intellectual property law: the Australian experience / Michael Blakeney -- Traditional knowledge and folklore: a new topic in the international arena / Silke von Lewinski -- Digital rights management and documentation of traditional knowledge: strange bedfellows? / Richard Owens -- Intellectual property, genetic resources, and traditional knowledge protection: thinking globally, acting locally / Charles R. McManis -- Protection of traditional knowledge: a critical synthesis / Geertrui van Overwalle.

http://library.getty.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=1&ti=1,1&Search%5FArg=Intellectual%20property%20law&Search%5FCode=TALL&CNT=25&PID=nOZYESi2OTXdS5YOhPxzJkAKrIBP5&SEQ=20081112043428&SID=1



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H HAMILAKIS Yannis, DUKE Philip (eds), (2007), Archaeology and capitalism : from ethics to politics, (One world archaeology, 54), Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California. (ISBN: 9781598742701; 598742701)

Contents: pt. 1. Introduction: From ethics to politics / Yannis Hamilakis -- pt. 2. Ethics in question -- When theory, practice, and policy collide, or Why do archaeologists support cultural property claims? / Alexander A. Bauer, Shanel Lindsay, and Stephen Urice -- Ethical challenges to a postcolonial archaeology : the legacy of scientific colonialism / George Nicholas and Julie Hollowell -- Cultural sensitivity, science, and ethical imperatives : contemporary archaeology in the South-western United States / Charles R. Riggs -- Whatdoes it mean "to give the past back to the people"? : archaeology and ethics in the postcolonial / Nick Shepherd -- pt. 3. Archaeology in capitalism, archaeology as capitalism -- British commercial archaeology : antiquarians and labourers, developers and diggers / Paul Everill -- Ethics, capitalism, and public archaeology in Brazil

- -- The historical process of the commoditization of the Near Eastern past by archaeologists : empire, war, civilization, and other assets / Tamima Orra Mourad -- Archaeology within marketing capitalism / Alice B. Kehoe -- Sustainable" heritage? : public archaeological interpretation and the marketed past / Neil Asher Silberman -- Contemporary museum practice in Cusco, Peru / Helaine Silverman -- pt. 4. Ethical futures, emancipatory archaeologies -- "Grabe, wo du stehst!" : an archaeology of perpetrators / Reinhard Bernbeck and Susan Pollock -- The archaeology of the Spanish Civil War : recovering memory and historical justice / Ermengol , Elena Sintes Olives, and Dawnie Steadman -- The culture of caring and its destruction in the Middle East : women’s work, water, war, and archaeology / Maggie Ronayne -- Ethics, objectivity, and emancipatory archaeology / Dean J. Saitta.

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HLADIK Jan, (2007), Aspects civils et militaires de la Convention de La Haye pour la protection des biens culturels en cas de conflit armé (1954) et des Premier et Deuxième Protocoles (1954 et 1999) / Civilian-military aspects of the 1954 Hague Convention and its two Protocols (1954, 1999), KGS Forum = Forum PBC, n° 10, p. 29-33.

Abstract: To ensure the best possible protection of cultural property in both peacetime and in the event of an armed conflict, the 1954 Hague Convention and its two Protocols stipulate several legal obligations that must be met by civilian and military bodies. The implementation and execution of the relevant articles are not precisely defined. It is left to the signatory states to carry out this work according to their own national legislation. There are chiefly three civilian obligations. 1) The support and implementation of protective measures. Art. 3 of the Hague Convention requires signatory states to: "undertake to prepare in time of peace for the safeguarding of cultural property situated within their own territory against the foreseeable effects of an armed conflict, by taking such measures as they consider appropriate." Art. 5 of the Second Protocol precisely sets out the measures to be taken. 2) The marking of cultural property with the international protection of cultural property (PCP) shield. This obligation is set out in Art. 6, 16, and 17 of the Convention, as well as Art. 20 of the implementing provisions. The fact that during the war in the former Yugoslavia cultural property bearing this emblem was the first to be targeted would appear to support the objections raised by some states to this provision. 3) The widest possible dissemination of the text of the Convention and its Protocols. These principles should be disseminated in accordance with Art. 25 of the Convention and Art. 30 of the Second Protocol. There are also three main military obligations. 1) Respect for cultural property (Art. 4 & 5 of the Convention as well as Chapter 2 of the Second Protocol). 2) The introduction of provisions concerning cultural property protection in military regulations or instructions (Art. 71 of the Convention, Art. 30 of the Second Protocol). 3) The planning and establishment of trained personnel within the armed forces whose purpose is to secure respect for cultural property and to cooperate with the civilian authorities (Art. 72 of the Convention). Although these obligations apply only to armed conflict, it is essential that the provisions become an integral part of military regulations and manuals in peacetime. History, policy, ethics, and legislation.






HOFFMAN Barbara T. (ed.), ( 2006), Art and Cultural Heritage: law, policy and practice, Cambridge University Press, New York. (ISBN: 0-521-85764-3) HOFFMAN Barbara T., (2006), Introduction to Parts II and III: cultural rights, cultural property, and international trade, in: Art and cultural heritage: law, policy and practice, Cambridge University Press, New York, p. 89-93. (ISBN: 0-521-85764-3)

I Institute of Hellenic Constitutional History and Constitutional Law, (1995), Archaeological heritage: current trends in its legal protection, International conference, Athens, 26-27 November 1992, (Studies), P. Sakkoulas Bros., Athens, n°5. INTERPOL, (1998), Deuxième conférence internationale sur le trafic illicite des oeuvres d’art volés dans les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale, Budapest, Hongrie, 9-11 juin 1998: compte rendu, OIPC/INTERPOL, Lyon. INTERPOL, (2004), Quatrième conférence internationale sur le trafic illicite des biens culturels volés en Europe centrale et orientale, Sinaïa City, Roumanie, 7-9 septembre 2004 : recommandations, OIPC/INTERPOL, Lyon. INTERPOL, (2007), Séminaire régional à l’attention des pays de l’Europe centrale et orientale sur le trafic illicite des biens culturels, Cracovie, septembre 2007.

J JOKILEHTO Jukka, (1999), A History of Architectural Conservation, (Conservation and Museology), Butterworth-Heinemann Series, Oxford. http://www.iccrom.org/eng/02info_en/02_04pdf-pubs_en/ICCROM_doc05_HistoryofConservation.pdf JOUANNY Jean-Pierre, (2008), The role of INTERPOL in countering the traffic in cultural property, International preservation news: a newsletter of the IFLA Programme on Preservation and Conservation / Internationale Nachrichten der Konservierung / Les nouvelles internationales de preservation / Mezhdunarodnye novosti konservatsii, n° 45, p. 7-9.

Abstract: INTERPOL, an intergovernmental organization with 186 member countries, was created in 1914. Since 1947 it has been involved in the fight against the illicit traffic in cultural property. INTERPOL uses telecommunications networks, international notices, posters, computerized databases, DVDs of stolen works, a Web site, training courses, and triennial conferences to carry out its work. The author recommends that information about stolen works be sent to INTERPOL as rapidly as possible and that national and international police services work together. Preventive conservation and collections care, History, policy, ethics, and legislation.

L LALIVE D’EPINAY Pierre, (1997), La Convention d’UNIDROIT sur les biens culturels volés ou illicitement exportés (du 24 juin 1995), Revue suisse de droit international et de droit européen, Genève, n°1, p.13-56. LECHARNY Caroline (2002), L'action des douanes et de la police: quelle protection pour le patrimoine archéologique?, Archéologia, n° 386, May 2002, p.52-57. LONGSTRETH Richard (ed.), (2008), Cultural landscapes : balancing nature and heritage in preservation practice, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. (ISBN: 9780816650989; 0816650985; 9780816650996; 0816650993)



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Contents: Landscape preservation and cultural geography / Julie Riesenweber -- The politics of preservation : power, memory, and identity in Los Angeles’s Little Tokyo / Hillary Jenks -Cross-Bronx : the urban expressway as cultural landscape / Michael Caratzas -- The American summer youth camp as a cultural landscape / Courtney P. Fint -- Wild lands and wonders : preserving nature and culture in national parks / Bonnie Stepenoff -- Mediating ecology and history : rehabilitation of vegetation in Oklahoma’s Platt Historic District / Heidi Hohmann -- A continuum and process framework for rural historic landscape preservation : revisiting Ebey’s Landing on Whidby Island, Washington / Nancy D. Rottle -- Natural and cultural resources : the protection of vernacular landscapes / Susan Calafate Boyle -- Cultural landscapes : venues for community-based conservation / Susan Buggey and Nora Mitchell -- Management for cultural landscape preservation : insights from Australia / Randall Mason -- Are we there yet? : Travels and tribulations in the cultural landscape / Robert Z. Melnick.


LOWE Sébastien, (1998), Modern Architecture in Historic cities: Policy, Planning and Building in Contemporay France, Routledge.

http://books.google.fr/books?id=dONVGtJzxrwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false LOWENTHAL David, (2008), Authenticities past and present, CRM 5, n° 1 (Winter 2008), p. 6.

Abstract: In opposition to prevailing views on authenticity, the author asserts that the value of collective heritage should not be based entirely on what is considered authentic in one particular place and time. Most activities, like the construction and retrieval of personal memories, serve to change perceptions of prior events. The author discourages equating authenticity with current notions of historical accuracy, and by association, cultural value. Finding that the criteria by which authenticity is judged vary based on location, changing ideologies, and individual motivation, he suggests that the creation of a singular definition of authenticity is impossible. For this reason, he concludes that the sum of ideas surrounding the term itself will forever remain ambiguous, imperfect, and fleeting. History, policy, ethics, and legislation

LUXEN Jean-Louis, (2004), Reflexions on the Use of heritage Charters and Conventions, Conservation, GCI Newsletter, Los Angeles, n°19.2, summer 2004.

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/newsletters/pdf/v19n2.pdf

M MACKENZIE Simon R.M., (2005), Going, going, gone: regulating the market in illicit antiquities, Institute of Art & Law, Leicester.

Abstract: Taking as its topic the problems of increasing traffic in looted objects, this book presents an analysis of present laws regulating the international movement of antiquities, exposing legal flaws and loopholes exploited by traffickers as well as ways in which these laws are not appropriately adapted to how the current antiquities market functions. The author presents interviews and site visits at auction houses, museums and so on, examining from all sides why the current legal controls are not working, and how they and the antiquities market as a whole might be improved.

MAINETTI Vittorio, (2003), Le Protocole de La Haye de 1954 et les moyens pour empêcher le trafic illicite de biens culturels, Kulturgüterschutz betrifft uns alle, Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz, Kulturgüterschutz, Bern, p.215-222.

Abstract: The 1954 Hague Protocol, known today as First Protocol, is an added supplement of the Hague Convention for the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict. It aims to prevent looting and diversion of cultural property from occupied territories, and sets out a series of obligations upon States parties in order to prevent the exportation and traffic of such property, thus laying down the legal basis for its restitution after hostilities. This instrument deals also with the issue of the return of cultural property deposited abroad for the purpose of protecting it against the dangers of armed conflict. Unfortunately this protocol has remained quite ineffective, as none of the States parties who ratified it has required its implementation and insertion in their national legislation. Such ineffectiveness, as explained by




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the author, seems to be due more to the non-observance of its rules by States parties than to the weaknesses of the text.

MAINETTI Vittorio, (2004), Quelle protection pour le patrimoine culturel subaquatique en Méditerranée? En attendant l'entrée en vigueur de la Convention de l'UNESCO de 2002, in : La protezione del patrimonio culturale sottomarino nel mare Mediterraneo, Giuffrè Editore, Milano, p.121-156.

Abstract: There are a vast number of archaeological sites and objects found on the floor of the Mediterranean Sea, yet their protection is relatively inadequate. Though this cultural heritage resource is protected by international law, including a United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982), and other regional protective instruments, the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage may close gaps that appear in the existing legislations. The problem is the amount of time that nations must wait for this particular Convention to enter into force. While nations delay in ratifying it, Mediterranean underwater heritage is at risk of being pillaged, damaged or destroyed. The author examines this issue by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of regional international laws in place pertaining to the Mediterranean.

MANISCALCO Fabio, (2007), World heritage and war: linee guida per interventi a salvaguardia dei beni culturali nelle aree a rischio bellico, Mediterraneum, Massa Editore, Napoli, n°6. (ISBN: 88-87835-89-6) MERRYMAN John Henry, (1996), The UNIDROIT Convention: three significant departures from the Urtext, International Journal of Cultural Property, vol.5, p.1-18. MARTELLI CASTALDI Monica, NÉGRI Vincent, (2008), L'engagement d'ECCO pour une reconnaissance politique, institutionnelle et juridique de la conservation-restauration en Europe / The involvement of ECCO in the political, institutional and legal recognition of conservation-restoration in Europe, in : BRIDGLAND Janet (ed.), 15th triennial conference, New Delhi, 22-26 September 2008, ICOM Committee for Conservation, p. 356-363. (ISBN 978-81-8424-344-4)

Abstract: Presents the latest progress of work that the European Confederation of Conservator-Restorers' Organisations (ECCO) has developed in the field of legislation for protection of cultural heritage. At present, ECCO is the only organization that represents the profession of conservator in Europe, and it has earmarked a part of its work-related activities for creation of specific rules for the cultural heritage sector. One of the objectives of ECCO is to contribute towards clarification of legal responsibilities in different steps of the activities involved in preservation and conservation of heritage, clarifying the roles and responsibilities of various experts involved. This presentation deals with the work conducted to date by ECCO member countries and brings it to a higher level in the international domain outside Europe. The aim and the hope is to contribute towards creation of specific and common legislative cadres for conservation-restoration by providing guidelines that guarantee project quality in cultural heritage, consequently ensuring its protection. History, policy, ethics, and legislation.

MERTZANI Maria, MALEA Ekaterini, MANIATIS Nikolaos, and PANAGIARIS Georgios, (2008), Towards a binding code of ethics for the conservation and display of human remains, in : BRIDGLAND Janet (ed.), 15th triennial conference, New Delhi, 22-26 September 2008, ICOM Committee for Conservation, p. 364-369. (ISBN 978-81-8424-344-4)

Abstract: Underlines the need for a binding international code of ethics for the conservation and display of human remains, and briefly surveys the most important codes, guidelines and legislation for the care of human remains up to the present. The authors recognize the need to broaden the term "human remains" and to adopt a holistic approach to burial as a cultural praxis. Research, conservation, and display policies and ethics are discussed in order to illustrate the need for minimal regulation of these issues. The diversity of legislation and culture among countries and groups is recognized. Proposals for the development of a generally accepted statutory document include the formation of a committee after exhaustive study of all written work and international legislation as well as in-depth discussion with all involved groups. Most importantly, the required level of competence for all scientists working





with human remains, as well as the minimum standards of laboratories, should be clearly defined. History, policy, ethics, legislation, principles and practices of archaeological conservation.

MECHTA K. (dir.), (1991), Maghreb: architecture et urbanisme: patrimoine, tradition et modernité, Publisud, Paris. MEZGHANI , POLI Jean-François (dir.), (2006),

, (Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L’Harmattan, Paris. (ISBN: 9782296015784)

http://library.getty.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=774840 MIRIEU DE LABARRE Éric, (2006) Droit du patrimoine architectural, Litec. Mission des Affaires européennes, (2002), La protection du patrimoine et le contrôle de l'exportation: Législations et réglementations des pays de l'Europe communautaire, Ministère de la Culture, Paris. MOORE Kevin (ed.), (1999), Management in museums, (New research in museum studies, 7), Athlone Press, London. (ISBN 0-485-90008-4.) MOULIN Claude, (1998), Tourisme culturel durable en Méditerranée: le cas des sites du patrimoine mondial, in : Le tourisme culturel. Actes du Forum International organisé à Hammamet, les 23-25 octobre 1997, (Actes de conférence), Ministère de la Culture, Tunis, p. 93-114. (ISBN: 9973-917-31-6)

N NARDI Roberto, (2008), Conservation for presentation: a key for protecting monuments, in: SAUNDERS David, TOWNSEND Joyce H, WOODCOCK Sally (eds), Conservation and access: contributions to the London Congress 15-19 September 2008, International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, p. 22-26. (ISBN 0-9548169-2-7)

Abstract: Abandonment, neglect, poor planning, and inadequate presentation of cultural heritage are common occurrences. In some cases, the only way to prevent destruction and abandonment is to undertake treatment specifically designed for public consumption, with the aim of recovering forgotten or undervalued heritage. Accepting this premise, in certain circumstances conservation treatment suggests technical solutions that are closer to restoration than conservation. This situation has occurred several times in the course of the activities of the Center for Archaeological Conservation, Rome, and has been approached as described in this study. The interventions were carried out in Israel in the Large Baths and Liscat Hamefaked in Masada and in Radà, Yemen, in the Madrasa Amiriya. A case still in progress, the conservation of gigantic stone statues from the 10th century BC from Cabras, Sardinia, Italy, concludes the work. History, ethics, and policy of architectural preservation, legislation.

NÉGRI, Vincent, (2000), Conventions and laws related to submarine archaeological sites in the Mediterranean, in: MOSTAFA Mostafa Hassan, GRIMAL Nicolas, NAKASHIMA Douglas (eds) (2000), Underwater archaeology and coastal management. Focus on Alexandria, (Coastal Management Sourcebooks, 2), UNESCO Publishing, Paris, p. 122-129. (ISBN: 92-3-103730-7) NYPAN Terje (2007), The growing influence of the European Union Legislation and the challenge for cultural heritage management, in: Deutscher Kunstverlag, Die Denkmalpflege Deutscher Kunstverlag, n°2, p. 119-129. (ISSN: 0947-031-X) NOBLET Christel de, Protection du patrimoine architectural et initiative privée, étude de droit comparé sur la protection du patrimoine architectural aux Etats –Unis et au Royaume-Uni, (à paraître octobre 2008).






O O’KEEFE Patrick J., (2000), Commentary on the UNESCO 1970 convention on illicit traffic, Institute of art and law, Leicester. (ISBN : 0-9531696-9-3 ) O’KEEFE Patrick J., (2006), Protection and international collaboration: the legal framework of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001, Art antiquity and law, vol.11, n°2, p.167-177.

Abstract: The 2001 Convention establishes for the first time a general international framework of rules for the conduct of activities affecting the underwater cultural heritage. It provides definitions for the heritage itself, for the activities likely to affect it and for other relevant concepts. The rules on jurisdiction set out in the 2001 Convention are complex and relate to the various zones established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982. A particularly difficult issue was the rules relating to State vessels which have received a meticulous formulation in the Convention. It establishes an oversight Committee which will have a very significant role in the operation of the Convention and in the future conduct of any activities affecting the underwater cultural heritage.

P PALAZZO Elisa (ed.), (2009), Rehabilitation planning in the historical towns of the occupied Palestinian territory, Esempi di Achitettura n°7

http://www.esempidiarchitettura.it/index.php PALUMBO Gaetano, (2006), Privatization of state-owned cultural heritage: a critique of recent trends in Europe, in: NEVILLE Agnew, BRIDGLAND Janet (eds), Of the past, for the future: integrating archaeology and conservation, proceedings of the conservation theme at the 5th World Archaeological Congress, Washington, D.C., 22-26 June 2003, Getty Conservation Institute symposium proceedings series, The Getty Conservation Institute, p. 35-39. (ISBN 0-89236-826-8)

Abstract: Privatization, the market sale of cultural heritage properties belonging to the state, is a growing trend. Examples from Italy, Britain, and France show that this trend is not likely to stop, putting at risk the concept of the state as steward of public good. The risk for the resource itself is in its loss of authenticity following market-oriented attempts to develop it to enhance its economic value. The author introduces the concepts of cultural heritage exploitation and use as two different models of heritage management. He argues that cultural heritage exploitation has only an apparent economic advantage but in reality is nonsustainable over the long term as it requires continuous reinvestment to remain competitive; cultural heritage use can be sustainable as it implies active involvement of the local community in the decision-making process and state-private partnerships in the process of development, conservation, management, and protection of the cultural resource. Principles and practices of archaeological conservation, management, decision making, heritage management, stakeholders, sustainability, values.

PALUMBO Gaetano, (2002), Threats and Challenges to the archaeological heritage in the Mediterranean, in: Jeanne Marie Teutonico, Gaetano Palumbo (eds), Management Planning for Archaeological Sites, An International Workshop organised by the Getty Conservation Institute and Loyola Marymount University, Corinth, May 2000, (Proceedings), The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, p. 3-12. (ISBN: 0-89236-691-5) PATERSON Robert K., (2005), The caring and sharing alternative: recent progress in the international law association to develop draft cultural material principles, International journal of cultural property, vol.12, n° 1, p.62-77.

Abstract: Increasingly those concerned with cultural property favour an approach that focuses on protection and shared access over unequivocal demands for return to places of origin or insistence on retention by museums and other institutions. This article starts by describing the International Law Association and discussing its role, along with that of other nongovernmental organizations, in connection with the development of cultural heritage principles and



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instruments. It then outlines the intent behind "Draft Principles for Cooperation in the Mutual Protection and Transfer of Cultural Material" presently being developed by the Committee on Cultural Heritage Law of the International Law Association. The Committee favours a non-adversarial and collaborative approach to issues surrounding the return of cultural material to its place or people of origin. This article describes and discusses the draft principles being developed by the Committee. Its hope is that a set of principles could be developed that would form the basis for expediting the resolution of a variety of cultural property disputes. These principles are at an early stage in their development and the Committee welcomes suggestions for changes and additions to the draft principles as they now stand.

PECKHAM Robert Shannan (ed.), (2003), Rethinking heritage: cultures and politics in Europe, I.B. Tauris, London. (ISBN: 1860647960)


PESENDORFER Michael, (2007), Krisenbewältigungs-Operationen / Cultural property protection in peace-support crisis operations, KGS Forum = Forum PBC , n° 10, p. 34-41.

Abstract: Undeniably, cultural property is important not only to individual states, but to the entire international community. Respecting and implementing relevant international and national protection of cultural property (PCP) regulations and laws is not only a national civilian and military task, but also an international obligation. To be able to fulfill these legal responsibilities in a professional and effective manner, military and civilian authorities must implement a system that ensures optimum protection of cultural goods from the planning phase, through operations, to the winding-down stage. Cultural property protection is a dynamic process, which must comply with developments in international law, international relations and politics, and modern forms of combat. The "Guidelines on the protection of cultural property in crisis management operations (peace support operations, crisis response operations)"--i.e., the Bregenz Paper--formulated in the summer of 2006 by reputed international experts in Bregenz, Austria, represents a fundamental document in this respect. The guidelines primarily address the political and military strategic command level of the relevant international organizations. The Bregenz Paper will be further developed through in-depth debate and reflection. Its original objective was to focus the attention of political and military decision-makers in the UN, the EU, and NATO and of their institutions, bodies, and military forces on these issues with the aim of ensuring optimum protection of cultural property, art, and science in armed conflicts and situations below the armed conflict threshold. This aim is also valid for crisis management organizations. History, policy, ethics, and legislation, armed conflicts, decision making, disaster planning.

PICKARD Robert, (2001), Policy and Law in Heritage Conservation, Spon Press, London, New York _ Council of Europe. (ISBN 0-419-23280-X)

Abstract: European Architectural Convention; Revised European Archaeological Convention; definitions; historic complexes; inventories; preservation; policy; crimes; planning; construction projects; Council of Europe; funding; administration; education; monuments; sites; legislation; archaeology; architecture; buffer zones; taxation; history; buildings; landscapes; ownership; training; heritage; conservation areas; databases; restoration; environmental impact statements; construction projects; ICOMOS; religion; fixtures; churches; nature; gardens; (United Kingdom; Spain; Netherlands; Malta; Latvia; Italy; Ireland; Germany; Georgia; France; Denmark; Czech Republic; Belgium)

POISSON Olivier, (2007), De la collégialité en matière de décision et de suivi / Teamwork in decision-making and follow-up, Monumental: revue scientifique et technique des monuments historiques, n° 2, p. 18-19.

Abstract: This journal issue focuses on painted decoration, with special emphasis on wall paintings, worksites, and research. The author uses this brief article to pose a fundamental question for the conservation of major State heritage: how can a truly shared conscience be constructed among all the players involved with cultural heritage without dissociating the individual and individual responsibilities from the broader task at hand. The response is to place the monument or the object being restored into a global conscience of cultural heritage.






This placement also requires knowledge and understanding of the history and methodology of past treatments made to the work, or to similar works, as a fundamental element in carrying out any intervention. The first step is to have a clear vision and to construct an approach that encompasses the training, sensitivities, and culture of each professional involved. The author also states that the project head places him/herself as the scientific and technical "control point" of the State in creating the atmosphere of congeniality for effective teamwork throughout the entire project. History, policy, ethics, and legislation.

POLI Jean-François, (1996), La protection des biens culturels meubles, Paris, LGDJ. PRIEUR Michel, Dominique AUDRERI, (2004), Les monuments historiques, un nouvel enjeu?, vol.II, L’Harmattan. PROTT Lyndel V., (2000), Cultural heritage law: the perspective of the source nations, Art antiquity and law, vol.5, n°4, p. 333-342.

Abstract: It is appropriate at this point in time to look at some of the aspects of new developments in law relating to the art trade from the perspective of the "source" countries. In this article, the author outlines, from the "source perspective", a number of recent developments, both "benevolent" and "disquieting". She concludes that a true dialogue will be achieved only once lawyers from source countries, who are at present under-represented at international symposia, are able to attend and present their views.

PUTT Neal (2001), European preventive conservation strategy, Meddelelser om Konservering, n° 2, p.27-28.

R RHODES Robin Francis (ed.), (2007), The acquisition and exhibition of classical antiquities : professional, legal, and ethical perspectives, A symposium held at the Snite Museum of Art, Univ. of Notre Dame, Feb. 24, 2007, University of Notre Dame Press. (ISBN: 9780268040277; 0268040273)


RODWELL Dennis, (2007), Conservation and sustainability in historic cities, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.

S SENECHAUD François, (2007), Instruction des troupes avant des opérations internationales / Training troops prior to international missions, KGS Forum = Forum PBC , n° 10, p. 68-74.

Abstract: Respect for cultural property necessitates the advance introduction of measures to ensure that when armed forces are eventually deployed, they act in accordance with the given legal framework. The two chief issues here are: the process of integration in national legislation and the legal interoperability between multinational forces, as set out in Article 7 of the Second Protocol (1999) to the 1954 Hague Convention. Despite the efforts of legislators to produce a clearly defined law, the various legally binding directives must be applied to concrete action to ensure they are respected. To guarantee that the armed forces act legally, the legislation must become a fundamental part of military doctrine, as well as soldiers' training. In other words, the regulations and manuals, as well as theoretical and technical instruction, must include references to practical measures and mechanisms for the protection of cultural property. These should also be applied and put to the test during military training exercises. Finally, an efficient system of sanctions and disciplinary measures should exist, which allows the commanders to exercise their powers in full and helps avoid infringements of the law. Multinational deployments raise the issue of legal interoperability. For example, the legal provisions and obligations in relation to cultural property protection may vary across participating countries. This raises the issue of an applicable standard. In theory, this should be governed by the Status of Forces Agreement and the Rules of Engagement, combined with






the given national interpretations or limitations. Practice, however, mostly paints a different picture. Any basis for how military action is taken that is not included in military doctrine cannot be learned and as such cannot be put into practice during deployment. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) assists military commanders in tackling this shortcoming. ICRC representatives explain the legal frameworks and help the military to recognize the possible effects and repercussions their deployment may have. The adoption of measures or action to ensure compliance with the law remains part of the armed forces' remit. Since 1994, the ICRC has a specialist unit which assists members of the military in this field. Education and training, History, policy, ethics, and legislation.

SCOVAZZI Tullio, (2004), La protezione del patrimonio culturale sottomarino nel mare Mediterraneo, Papers presented at the session on law of an international conference entitled "La cooperazione nel Mediterraneo per la protezione del patrimonio culturale subacqueo," Syracuse, Italy, April 3-5, 2003, (Series, 18), - , Bicocca , Milano. (ISBN: 9788814107726, 8814107726)

http://library.getty.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=716463 SIGNOLES P., EL KADI G., SIDI BOUMEDINE R. (dir), (1999), L´urbain dans le monde arabe. Politique, Instruments et acteurs, Paris, Editions du CNRS.

http://www.cybergeo.eu/index984.html SMITH Melanie, ROBINSON Mike (eds), (2006), Cultural tourism in a changing world : politics, participation and (re)presentation, (Tourism and cultural change, 7), Channel View Publications, Clevedon, Buffalo. (ISBN: 1845410440; 1845410432; 1845410459; 9781845410445; 9781845410438; 9781845410452)

http://library.getty.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=713761 SOKAL Marina Papa, (2005), International law for the protection of the underwater cultural heritage: can our past be salvaged?, Culture without context: the newsletter of the Near Eastern project of the Illicit Antiquities Research Centre, n°16, p.1-5.

http://www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk/research/ Abstract: The term ‘underwater cultural heritage’ (UCH) refers to all remains of human activities lying on the seabed, on riverbeds, or at the bottom of lakes. It includes shipwrecks and other objects lost at sea, as well as prehistoric sites, sunken towns, and ancient ports that were once on the dry land and were eventually submerged due to climatic or geological changes. UCH is an integral part of our common archaeological and historical heritage, providing us with invaluable information about cultural and economic contacts, migration and trade patterns, and production and export. In this article, the author briefly outlines the current state of international law for the protection of UCH, concentrating on the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, at present the only international agreement specifically directed at the protection of UCH.

STANLEY-PRICE Nicholas (ed.), (2009), Cultural Heritage in Postwar Recovery, in: The proceedings of the 2005 ICCROM Forum on 'Cultural Heritage in Postwar Recovery', ICCROM.

http://www.iccrom.org/eng/02info_en/02_04pdf-pubs_en.shtml http://www.iccrom.org/pdf/ICCROM_ICS06_CulturalHeritagePostwar_en.pdf

Abstract: Papers focus on: the dynamism of identity, records of memory, handicrafts and traditions, landscape and environment, and reconstruction.

STOVEL Herb, (2008), Origins and influences of the Nara Document on Authenticity, APT bulletin 39, n° 2-3, p. 9-17.

Abstract: Examines the origins and influence of the Nara Document on Authenticity (1994) on conservation attitudes and approaches in the UNESCO World Heritage Committee's operations and in the work-a-day world of conservation at all levels. The author outlines the degree to which the Nara Document owes it origins to the Japanese interest in seeing the conservation approaches contained within World Heritage nominations judged impartially




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(without Eurocentric biases) by ICOMOS evaluators, before they would agree to adhere to the World Heritage Convention. At the same time, the author explores the larger global context in which this particular questioning took place in Japan and which guided the writing of the Nara Document: confirmation of the critical role long played by authenticity in public and professional debate in justifying the goals of conservation work; the long overdue desire to replace belief in universal approaches with confidence in relative frameworks for decision-making; the search for overall coherence and decision-making consistency in the newly liberated approaches; the search for measurable goals in new monitoring systems; and the perceived role of authenticity in helping define associated indicators and measures. The article documents the achievements (the spread of associated attributes from the tangible to the intangible, the commitment to judging conservation approaches in their cultural context) and the failings (no limits on the new freedom, no clear way to define the cultural context or appropriate associated evaluative frameworks) of the Nara Document and the processes leading up to it. And finally, the author looks beyond Nara and the great proliferation of local, national, and regional meetings held since then to continue the discussions and apply these to various contexts. The author looks at the most important of these, including the Riga Charter of 2000, and comments on what these discussions have added to enable better use of authenticity in conservation decision-making. History, policy, ethics, and legislation, charters.

STOVEL Herb, (1998), Risk Preparedness: A Management Manual for World Cultural Heritage, ICCROM.

http://www.iccrom.org/eng/02info_en/02_04pdf-pubs_en.shtml http://www.iccrom.org/pdf/ICCROM_17_RiskPreparedness_en.pdf

Abstract: The second in the series of management guidelines and manuals for World Cultural Heritage, this volume addresses the issue of risk preparedness in both general and specific terms. After an introduction to the overall context and principles, the author then discusses property-specific strategies for various major risks, such as fire, earthquakes, flooding, armed conflict and other hazards. The final section covers putting risk-preparedness into practice. A list of sources and various key documents are also provided.

T TAMASI Judit (ed.), (2001), Heritage protection within the compass of legal regulation. From law to law. Stories from 120 years of institutional heritage protection, National Board for the Protection of Historic Monuments, Budapest. (ISBN: 963-7143-93-9) TLILI Ridha, (1998), Le tourisme culturel: réflexion et approche, in : Le tourisme culturel. Actes du Forum International organisé à Hammamet, les 23-25 octobre 1997, (Actes de conférence), Ministère de la Culture, Tunis, p. 153-157. (ISBN: 9973-917-31-6) TOMAN Jiri, (2007), La protection des biens culturels: un devoir de tous / The protection of cultural property: a task that concerns us all, KGS Forum = Forum PBC, n° 11, p. 43-57.

Abstract: The protection of cultural goods and values is not only a universal human endeavor; it is also ruled by national and international legal norms. Since wars have always posed the greatest hazard for cultural property, the first protection of cultural property (PCP) regulations were set down in military law, as illustrated by the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and the Roerich Pact of 1935. The Geneva Convention of 1949 (concerning human rights) and the Hague Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict of 1954 were manifest reactions to the destruction brought about by World War II. However, the Hague Convention and the First Protocol of 1954 did not have the desired effect--first of all, because the ratification of the relevant documents was long in coming. In 1999, in part owing to the influence of war-related events in the former Yugoslavia, and after several experts' conferences, there was a meeting in the Hague, which concluded the Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954. It in no way reduced the significance of the Convention itself, but established the goal of doing away with certain gaps and problems. Important innovations arising from the Second Protocol are the introduction of "enhanced" protection or penal




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sanctions against persons who destroy cultural property during a war. PCP operates at two different levels. On the one hand, it follows the regulations set up by UNESCO for the cultural realm. On the other hand, it is part of international humanitarian law, fostered (among other parties) by the International Committee of the Red Cross. Other PCP conventions besides the Hague Convention of 1954 should be mentioned in the UNESCO context: the UNESCO Convention of 14 November 1970 on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property and the World Heritage Convention of 1972, which aims to register natural and cultural heritage of outstanding interest and value for all humanity in its list. On the side of international humanitarian law, the additional Protocols I and II of 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 promote PCP. Further progress was made with the establishment of international criminal courts in the 1990s and with the Rome Statute of 17 July 1998 for the establishment of an international penal court to deal with criminal proceedings against acts of violence targeting cultural property. History, policy, ethics, and legislation, armed conflicts, international agreements, international law, law enforcing.

V VADI Valentina Sara, (2008), Cultural heritage and international investment law: a stormy relationship, International journal of cultural property 15, n° 1, p. 1-24.

Abstract: Investigates the relationship between international investment law and the protection of cultural heritage. Two questions arise in this connection. First, are investment agreements compatible with states' obligations to protect cultural heritage? Second, if internal measures aimed at protecting cultural heritage can be challenged by foreign investors, is mixed arbitration a suitable forum to protect public interests? Indeed, it seems that the regime established according to investment treaties does not strike an appropriate balance between the different interests concerned. After a brief look at the legal framework protecting foreign investments, the conflict areas between investment treaty provisions and national cultural policies are explored through an empirical analysis of the recent arbitral jurisprudence concerning cultural heritage. The author holds that jurisprudential balancing may not provide an adequate protection to cultural heritage; thus, cultural exceptions should be included in investment agreements. History, policy, ethics, and legislation.

VAROLI PIAZZA Rosalia (ed.), (2007), Sharing decisions: lessons learnt from an ICCROM course, ICCROM.

http://www.iccrom.org/eng/02info_en/02_04pdf-pubs_en.shtml http://www.iccrom.org/pdf/ICCROM_15_SharingConservDecisions_en.pdf

Abstract: This publication contains reflections by professionals involved in all aspects of the 2006 course. Contributions are grouped into seven chapters: 'Behind the scenes', 'Sharing and communicating techniques', 'History and values', 'The object and its context', 'The object as a source of information', 'Learn from the emergency', and 'Tools for the future'. The accompanying CD-Rom contains course information, a bibliography, glossaries, and a pdf version of the book in both English and Italian.

W WEBB Amy, BRACKETT Carolyn, (2008), Cultural heritage tourism trends affecting historic sites, Forum journal 22, n° 3, p. 29-35.

Abstract: A historic site no longer refers only to a site serving as a museum, but has changed to suit the needs of today's visitors and includes sites such as renovated historic bed and breakfasts with dual purpose. Sites like these have had increased tourism from the baby boomer generation, while museum sites have seen fewer visitors. A number of reasons for this are cited, one being that historic sites without museums have increased in number and work with the travel industry, while museum sites do not. Museums also have less convenient public hours than their counterparts. It is suggested that museums create interesting tours, create Web sites, offer specialized programs, work with inexpensive travel agencies, and encourage the local population to volunteer. In this way, museums can "become visible in the community"




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and see greater benefits. History, policy, ethics, and legislation, History, ethics, and policy of architectural preservation.

WELLHEISER Johanna G., GWINN Nancy E. (eds), (2005), Preparing for the worst, planning for the best - protecting our cultural heritage from disaster, proceedings of a conference sponsored by the IFLA Preservation and Conservation Section, the IFLA Core Activity for Preservation and Conservation and the Council on Library and Information Resources, Inc., with the Akademie der Wissenschaften and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. Berlin, Germany, July 30 - August 1, 2003, International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, IFLA publications, K.G. Saur, München, n° 111, August 2005.

Abstract: The publication consists of sixteen papers divided into six sections that cover: national policy planning, efforts by the International Committee of the Blue Shield (ICBS), institutional planning, case studies of disaster preparedness and recovery, example cases of risk assessments, and methods for conserving and restoring damaged collections. Cases cover a wide geographical area in addition to a broad range of themes, such as psychological repercussions of the destruction of cultural property, lessons learned from natural disasters, and mitigation measures organisations can take to minimise risk and damage. Chapters are applicable to any collecting institution.

World Bank, (2001), Cultural Heritage and Development A framework for action in the Middle East and North Africa, (Orientations in Development), The World Bank, Middle East and North Africa Region, Washington. (ISBN: 0-8213-4938-4)

Y YERASIMOS Stéphane, (2005), Centres historiques et développement durable: la deuxième mort du patrimoine?, in : Boumaza Nadir (dir), (2005), Villes réelles, villes projetées, villes maghrébines en fabrication, Maisonneuve et Larose. Pour plus d’informations / For more information: ICCROM bibliothèque / Library

http://library.iccrom.org/libris/index.html

Réseau d’information sur la conservation Conservation Information Network (BCIN) http://www.bcin.ca/ Patrimoine Canadien: bibliographie des lois sur le patrimoine Canadian Heritage: Heritage Law bibliography

http://daryl.chin.gc.ca:8000/BASIS/herb/user/www/sf

HEREIN - Réseau européen du patrimoine – politiques national du patrimoine - European Heritage Network : National Heritage Policies

http://www.european-heritage.coe.int/sdx/herein/ COMPENDIUM - Cultural Policies and Trends in Europe

http://www.culturalpolicies.net/web/france.php?aid=1

INTERPOL – base de donnés des œuvres d’art volées / Database about stolen works of art http://www.interpol.int/Public/WorkofArt/Default.asp



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COMMISSION EUROPÈENNE / EUROPEAN COMMISSION COMMISSION des COMMUNAUTES EUROPEENNES, (2000), Rapport de la Commission au Conseil, au Parlement européen et au Comité économique et social sur l’application du règlement (CEE) n° 3911/92 du Conseil concernant l’exportation de biens culturels et de la directive 93/7/CEE du Conseil relative à la restitution de biens culturels ayant quitté illicitement le territoire d’un état membre, Bruxelles. Commission Européenne, (2001), Le processus de Barcelone, Le partenariat Europe-Méditerranée, Synthèse 2001, Office des publications officielles de Communautés européennes, Luxembourg. European Commission, (2002), The Barcelona process: the Euro-Mediterranean partnership, Office for the official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg. European Commission, Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ITAM), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, (2007), Safeguarded cultural heritage: understanding & viability for the enlarged Europe, proceedings of the 7th European conference SAUVEUR, 31st May-3rd June, Prague, Czech Republic, vol. 1: papers, vol. 2: posters, European Commission, Brussels. LUXEN Jean-Louis, (1992), Encouragement de la CEE à la protection des villes historiques. Annexe 1 Contrat B4-3045 (91)36NB, Commission des Communautés européennes, Direction générale XI, Associazione Fra le Casse di Risparmio Italiane, Brussels. Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), European Commission - DG XI – 3, (1999), Improving the environment in the Mediterranean: lessons for sustainable development European Commission - DG XI - 3 B7 - 8/10/97/804/UNB/A4, UNEP-MAP, Athens. (ISBN: 92-807-1914-9) O'CONNOR Raymond,(2000), Sharing information to protect cultural treasures : final report, European Commission, Brussels. Partenariat Euro Méditerranéen, (1995), Déclaration de Barcelone, adoptée lors de la Conférence Euro Méditerranéenne, 27-28 novembre 1995.

http://www.dellbn.ec.europa.eu/fr/eu_and_med/barcelona.htm

Union européenne, (2004), Traité établissant une Constitution pour l'Europe

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, Journal officiel de l'Union européenne, C 310, 47e année, 16 décembre 2004. (ISSN 1725-2431)

EuroMed Heritage EuroMed, (2000), Programme Euromed Heritage : le patrimoine culturel au cœur du partenariat euro méditerranéen, Dossier Spécial Euromed n°17, 29 septembre 2000. EuroMed Heritage, (2007), Strategy for the development of Euro-Mediterranean Cultural Heritage: Priorities from Mediterranean countries (2007–2013) / Stratégie pour le développement du patrimoine culturel euro méditerranéen: les priorités des pays méditerranéens (2007-2013),

http://www.euromedheritage.net/

EuroMed Programme, European Commission, Office de coopération EuropeAid, Luxembourg, 2007. ISBN: 978-92-79-06051-9. (Disponible en pdf)

http://www.euromedheritage.net/fr/index.php

EuroMed Heritage, Regional Management Support Unit (RMSU), (2001), Cultural heritage within the Barcelona process, assessment and orientations: workshop results and recommendations, European Commission, Euromed Heritage, Roma.



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EuroMed Heritage, Regional Management Support Unit (RMSU), Istituto centrale per il catalogo e la documentazione (ICCD), (2004), Euromed Heritage II: Euro-Mediterranean partnership: projects and partners = Euromed Heritage II: partenariat euro-méditerranéen: projets et partenaires, European communitie, s.l. Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, (2002), Euromed heritage: creating a future that cares for the past, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg. Corpus CORPUS Levant, (ouvrage collectif), (2004), Manuel pour l’entretien et la réhabilitation de l’architecture traditionnelle Libanaise, CORPUS Levant, Commission Européenne MEDA - EUROMED HERITAGE, Ministère de la Culture / Direction Générale des Antiquités - Liban, Ecole d’Avignon, Collegi d’Aparelladors i Arquitectes Tècnics de Barcelona. (ISBN : 84-87104-61-4)

www.meda-corpus.net/eng/gates/visit/atl_frn.htm Résumé : Ce livret présente l’architecture traditionnelle Libanaise : toute une variété de typologies architecturales et de techniques de construction, qui se repartissent sur un territoire complexe. L’architecture traditionnelle est ici doublement envisagée comme patrimoine transmissible et comme parc immobilier. Son entretien et sa réhabilitation, sont essentiels, comme l’atteste une législation extensive. Le diagnostic, préalable à toute une intervention de réhabilitation, est aussi présenté pour guider les experts.

CORPUS Levant, (ouvrage collectif), (2004), Handbook for the maintenance and rehabilitation of traditional Syrian architecture, CORPUS Levant, European Commission MEDA - EUROMED HERITAGE, General Direction of Antiquities and Museums of Syria, Direction Générale des Antiquités du Liban, Ecole d’Avignon, Col·legi d’Aparelladors i Arquitectes Tècnics de Barcelona, Avignon 2004.

http://www.meda-corpus.net/eng/gates/visit/ats_eng.htm Abstract: This booklet presents traditional Syrian architecture: a broad range of architectural typologies and construction techniques spread upon a wide and complex territory. Traditional architecture is here envisioned as a transmittable heritage as well as a real estate stock. Its maintenance and its rehabilitation are essential, as proven by an extensive legislation. The diagnosis, prior to any rehabilitation intervention, is presented as well, as a guide for the experts.

Cours Maghreb ICCROM, (2002), Cours du Patrimoine du Maghreb : rapport final, Conservation et restauration de l’héritage culturel au Maghreb, cours de formation universitaire supérieure à Alger, Rabat et Tunis, EuroMed Heritage I, Mars 2002. Delta SP3 “Plan d’Action”, Document méthodologique: guide au processus d’élaboration, Project Delta – sous projet SP3 : Plan d’action des Systèmes Culturels Territoriaux.

http://www.imednet.it/delta/PASSWORD/FR_DOCUM_SP3.html Meda A.L.E.P.H. : abstracts of legal, economic, political and historical issues concerning the relation between Europe and the Arab World, The UT Phoenix Foundation, 2004 Rehabimed CASANOVAS Xavier, NOURISSIER Gilles, (2007), 1re Conférence régionale Euro méditerranéenne, Architecture Traditionnelle Méditerranéenne Présent et Futur, Barcelone, 12-15 juillet 2007 (Actes du congrès) / 1st Euro-Mediterranean Regional Conference, Traditional Mediterranean Architecture Present and Futur, Barcelona 12-15 July 2007 (Proceedings), RehabiMed, Barcelone. (ISBN : 84-87104-79-7) http://www.rehabimed.net/en_uk/Rehabimed/Publicaciones/Paginas/acta_congres.aspx CASANOVAS Xavier, (2007) (collectif, sous la direction de), Méthode Rehabimed. Architecture Traditionnelle Méditerranéenne, T 1 Réhabilitation Ville et territoire, T 2 Réhabilitation bâtiments.



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Rehabimed Method. Traditional Mediterranean Architecture:T 1 Rehabilitation Town and Territory, T 2 Rehabilitation building, Rehabimed, Union Européenne, Euromed Heritage, Agencia española de Cooperacion Internacional, Collége d’aparelladores i arquitectes tècnics de Barcelona, Barcelona, vol.I et vol.II. (ISBN : 84-87104-74-6; 84-87104-73-8)

http://www.rehabimed.net/fr_fr/Paginas/llibres.aspx Temper TEMPER, Management Course Handbook.

Abstract: Introduces the concept of management of Cultural Heritage and inform on the preparation of a management plan.

Unimed NOTARSTEFANO Cosimo, (2001), Les droits du touriste européen: analyse juridique comparée dans les états membres de l’U.E., (Profil di innovazione, n°6), Cacucci editori, Bari EPOCH – European Network of Excellence in Open Cultural Heritage HERMON Sorin, (2007), COINS – an EU Funded Project to Combat On-line Illegal Numismatic Sales, in: ARNOLD David, CHALMERS Alan, NICCOLUCCI Franco, VAST2007-Future Technologies to empower International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage 2007, 26th – 29th November 2007, Brighton, United Kingdom, EPOCH, Archaeolingua, Budapest, p. 106-109. (ISBN: 978-963-8046-89-5)

http://public-repository.epoch-net.org/publications/VAST2007/vast2007-pages.pdf

HERMON Sorin, SUGIMOTO Go, MARA Hubert, (2007), The London Charter and its Applicability, in: ARNOLD David, CHALMERS Alan, NICCOLUCCI Franco, VAST2007-Future Technologies to empower International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage MCLOUGHLIN J., KAMINSKI J., SODAGAR B. (eds), (2007), Technology strategy, management and socio-economic impact, (Heritage Management Series), EPOCH/CUBIST Publication, Archaeolingua, Budapest, vol.2. (ISBN : 978-963-8046-87-1)

http://pubhttp://public-repository.epoch-net.org/publications/VAST2007/vast2007-pages.pdf lic-repository.epoch net.org/publications/HERITAGE_MANAGEMENT/heritage_management.pdf

MCLOUGHLIN J., KAMINSKI J., SODAGAR B. (eds), (2007), Perspectives on impact technology and strategic management, (Heritage Management Series), EPOCH/CUBIST Publication, Archaeolingua, Budapest, vol.1. (ISBN : 978-963-8046-83-3)

http://public-repository.epoch-net.org/publications/PERSPECTIVES/pages1.pdf http://public-repository.epoch-net.org/publications/PERSPECTIVES/pages2.pdf

NICCOLUCCI Franco, BEACHAM Richard, DENARD Hugh, (2006), An Introduction to The London Charter

http://www.epoch-net.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=211&Itemid=329, The 7th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage VAST

NICCOLUCCI Franco, GESER Guntram, VARRICCHIO Teresa (eds), (2006), Digital Applications for Tangible Cultural Heritage, Report on the State of the Union Policies, Practices and Developments in Europe, EPOCH Survey 2004/2005, Archaeolingua, Budapest. ISBN: 963-8046-68-6

http://www.epoch-net.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=205&Itemid=311 http://public-repository.epoch-net.org/publications/SOTU/sotu_index.pdf http://public-repository.epoch-net.org/publications/SOTU/sotu_index.pdf

NICCOLUCCI Franco (ed.), (2007), Digital Applications for Tangible Cultural Heritage. Report on the State of the Union Policies, Practices and Developments in Europe, EPOCH Survey, Archaeolingua, Budapest 2007, vol.2. ISBN: 963-8046-68-6

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Recherche Communautaire, Energie, Environnement et Développement durable / Community Research, Energy Environment and Sustainable Development APPEAR APPEAR, (2006), The APPEAR Method, A practical guide for the management of enhancement projects on urban archaeological sites, European Commission, Community Research, Energy Environment and Sustainable Development, In Situ, European Commission Research Report n° 30/4, February 2006.

http://www.in-situ.be/guide_en.pdf Abstract: The APPEAR guide will help all those involved in projects for enhancing urban archaeological sites. It is based on the principles of strategic management adapted by a number of researchers from different disciplines and integrates all the factors and issues likely to occur during what can often be a complex process. It offers a structured mechanism for users to establish the goals to be reached within their areas of expertise and to conceive and execute appropriate actions to reach these with realism, flexibility and creativity.

APPEAR, (2006), Méthode APPEAR, Guide pratique pour la mise en valeur des sites archéologiques en milieu urbain, Commission Européenne, Recherche Communautaire, Energie, Environnement et Développement durable, In Situ, Commission Européenne rapport de recherche 30/4, février 2006.

http://www.in-situ.be/guide_en.pdf

HUPET Pierre, ZWETKOFF Catherine, (2005), Deliverable D14 - Final report on evaluation of national legislation/ Déliverable D14 – Rapport final sur les législations nationales, APPEAR Project, European Commission, Community Research, Energy Environment and Sustainable Development, University of

Liege, Centre for Urban Governance Studies, December 2005. http://www.in-situ.be/D8_fr.pdf

Abstract: This report aims to give global view of the different major legal, political and institutional approaches within the European Union concerning archaeological site enhancement in urban settings. This text does not claim to be exhaustive but rather acts as a starting point for thinking about recommendations on the decision-making process. It also allows comparison of the supra national set of rules with the policies chosen by eight of EU Member States regarding on major themes such as division of responsibilities of public sphere, agenda of priorities, public and private financing, synergy and accessibility.

Pour plus d’informations / For more information: EPOCH : http://www.epoch-net.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=196&Itemid=302 EuroMed Heritage: http://www.euromedheritage.net CORPUS: http://www.meda-corpus.net/frn/index.asp DELTA: http://www.imednet.it/delta/index.html APPEAR: http://www.in-situ.be/ MANUMED: http://www.euromedheritage.net/intern.cfm?menuID=12&submenuID=14 REHABIMED: http://www.euromedheritage.net/intern.cfm?menuID=12&submenuID=14 UNIMED: http://www.uni-med.net/



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CONSEIL DE L’EUROPE / COUNCIL OF EUROPE BENETT T., (2002), Differing diversities: Cultural policy and cultural diversity, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN: 978-92-871-4649-6)

Abstract: Cultural diversity, in all its forms, is posing a profound challenge to traditional formulations of cultural policy, and to our understanding of the public interests served by this policy. In most countries the artistic and cultural landscape has not evolved to reflect the realities of a changed social landscape. This rift threatens to undermine the legitimacy of cultural institutions and the public policy that supports them. The shift from homogeneity to diversity as the new social norm requires a rethinking of the processes, mechanisms, and relationships necessary for democratic policy development in diverse societies.

COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (1998), Mediterranean strategies, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-2667-2)

Abstract: Mediterranean strategies attempts to paint a general picture of the natural and human resources of the Mediterranean countries.

COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (1999), Networking culture - The role of European cultural networks,

Abstract : This book provides a coherent and global approach to the particularly rich subject of cultural networks. The Council of Europe has decided to make this data available to a wide public, thereby filling a gap generally perceived by those involved in the cultural field.

Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-3925-2)

CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE, (1999), La mise en réseau des cultures - Le rôle des réseaux culturels européens, Les Editions Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-3924-5)

Résumé : Par le sérieux de la recherche effectuée et par la rigueur de l'analyse, ce livre permet d'aborder pour la première fois d'une manière globale et cohérente la problématique particulièrement riche des réseaux culturels. Le Conseil de l'Europe a souhaité rendre ces données accessibles à un large public, venant ainsi combler une lacune généralement ressentie par les acteurs du secteur culturel.

COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (1999), The governance of culture: approaches to integrated cultural planning and policies (policy notes No. 5)

, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-4067-8)

CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE, (1999), Vers une gestion culturelle intégrée: pratiques et politiques (Notes politiques n° 5), Les Editions Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-4066-1) CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE, (2000), Orientation pour le développement de législations et de systèmes de gestion du patrimoine culturel, Les Editions Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg. (ISBN: 878-92-871-4291-7 ; 92-871-4291-2)

Résumé : Quelles lois les Etats doivent-ils édicter pour protéger et promouvoir leur patrimoine culturel et quels dispositifs administratifs peuvent-ils mettre en place pour gérer au mieux leurs politiques du patrimoine culturel ? Ce document d'orientation vise à donner des indications autorisées de bonnes pratiques inspirées de méthodes employées dans divers pays européens ainsi que des conventions, chartes et recommandations internationales en vigueur dans le domaine du patrimoine culturel.

COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (2000), Guidance on the Development of Legislation and Administration Systems in the Field of Cultural Heritage, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN: 978-92-871-4292-4)

Abstract: What laws should states enact to protect and promote their cultural heritage, and what administrative systems can they put in place to manage their cultural heritage policies most effectively ? This guidance document aims to provide authoritative information on good practice, drawn from the approaches utilised in different European countries as well as international conventions, charters and recommendations in the area of cultural heritage.





CONSEIL DE L’EUROPE, (2000), Directives sur la protection du patrimoine mobilier, Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg. COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (2001), The Council of Europe and cultural heritage 1954-2000, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN: 978-92-871-4525-3)

Abstract: This compendium contains in one volume all the reference texts and standard-setting instruments relating to cultural heritage elaborated by the Council of Europe. It starts with the European Cultural Convention of 1954 and presents conventions, resolutions and recommendations of the Committee of Ministers, relevant texts from European ministerial conferences, charters, codes of good practice and guidelines. The scope of the texts covers all aspects of European cultural heritage including the archaeological heritage, the architectural heritage, cultural property, landscape, urban space and the movable heritage. The issues addressed by the texts include preservation, renovation, training, education, combating physical deterioration, town and country planning, economic impact and sustainable development. This compendium is an invaluable source for policy makers at local, regional, national and international level, for professionals working in the cultural heritage sector and for all those interested in the history and current practices of cultural heritage. Its wide-ranging bibliography offers an opportunity for the interested reader to explore the issues further.

COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (2002), Cultural policy and cultural diversity: mapping the policy domain (Cultural policy Note 7), Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-4794-3) COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (2003), European cultural heritage – Volume I, Intergovernmental co-operation: collected texts, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN: 978-92-871-4864-3)

Abstract: This compendium contains a the Council of Europe reference texts developed in this field of cultural heritage, covering a range of subjects including: identification and inventory, scientific research, legal protection, physical conservation, dissemination, awareness-raising and teaching, heritage management, organisation and training. The index and bibliography help readers to find topics quickly and to explore the issues further. This publication will be useful both to people working in the field of cultural heritage, students and academics, lawyers and those interested in discovering more about the role of heritage in everyday life.

CONSEIL DE L’EUROPE, (2004), Patrimoine culturel européen – Volume I, Coopération intergouvernementale: recueil de textes, Les Editions Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-4863-6)

Résumé : Cet recueil rassemble les textes de référence du Conseil de l'Europe en matière de patrimoine culturel, couvrant des sujets aussi vastes que l'identification et l'inventaire, l'étude scientifique, la protection juridique, la conservation physique, la diffusion, la sensibilisation et la pédagogie, la gestion, l'organisation et la formation. L'index et la bibliographie orientent le lecteur pour approfondir ces différentes questions. Cette publication s'adresse tant aux professionnels du patrimoine qu'aux étudiants et universitaires, aux juristes et à toute personne désireuse de découvrir le rôle que joue le patrimoine au quotidien.

COUNCIL OF EUROPE / CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE, (2006), First meeting of the workshops for the implementation of the European landscape convention, (proceedings), Strasbourg, 23-24 May 2002 / Première réunion des ateliers de la mise en oeuvre de la Convention européenne du paysage, (actes), Strasbourg, 23-24 mai 2002, European spatial planning and landscape / Aménagement du territoire européen et paysage, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg, n°74, March 2006. COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (2006), The challenge of transcultural diversities - Cultural policy and cultural diversity, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-5968-7)

http://book.coe.int/EN/ficheouvrage.php?PAGEID=36&lang=EN&produit_aliasid=2069 Abstract: The economic dynamics of globalisation have intensified not only the transnational flows of cultural goods, media products and information, but also human transnational migration. New forms of mobility have created new kinds of cultural juxtapositions, encounters and exchanges which have resulted in greater and more complex patterns of diversity within



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the European cultural space. Because these new forms of diversity and complexity are transnational and transcultural in their nature - functioning across national frontiers - they present a challenge for national policy frameworks. The established national mechanisms through which European states have hitherto managed cultural policy diversity and citizenship must now be supported by international or transnational strategies. The Council of Europe, which has for so long championed cultural co-operation as a mechanism for sustaining democracy and equity in cultural exchanges, has a new role to play in the transnational policy landscape. The challenge, at the beginning of the 21st century, must be to develop a democratic transnational and transcultural approach to cultural diversity policy in Europe. The Council of Europe has both the mandate and the experience to broker this.

CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE, (2007), Conférence internationale sur les ‘Conventions internationales et autres textes majeurs relatifs au patrimoine : bilan et perspective’, Vilnius les 11-13 octobre 2007, organisée conjointement par la sous-commission du Patrimoine culturel de l’Assemblée parlementaire et la Direction de la culture et du patrimoine culturel et naturel du Conseil de l’Europe, en coopération avec le Parlement et le Gouvernement de Lituanie.

http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/Heritage/2007_vilnius_fr.asp Résumé : Elle s’adressait aux élus et aux responsables politiques, aux dirigeants et experts des administrations concernées des pays membres, aux médias, aux organisations internationales gouvernementales, oeuvrant dans les domaines du patrimoine culturel et du paysage ,aux organisations non gouvernementales ainsi qu’aux chercheurs. Ses objectifs étaient les suivants :

dresser un état des lieux actualisé des principaux instruments internationaux s’appliquant au patrimoine (conventions, recommandations, chartes, etc... ) ;

mettre en lumière l’apport spécifique des conventions du Conseil de l’Europe relatives au patrimoine culturel ;

développer, dans les divers pays, la connaissance des instruments du Conseil de l’Europe et favoriser en particulier la signature et la ratification de la Convention cadre sur la valeur du patrimoine pour la société ;

contribuer à renforcer la complémentarité et la mise en synergie de l’application des divers textes de référence internationaux ;

mettre en évidence, à l’occasion de cette rencontre, la complémentarité des richesses patrimoniales des Etats baltes en tant que facteur de développement.

ELLMEIER Andrea, RÁSKY Béla, (2006), Differing diversities - Eastern European perspectives, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN: 978-92-871-6024-9)

http://book.coe.int/EN/ficheouvrage.php?PAGEID=36&lang=EN&produit_aliasid=2117 Abstract: Cultural diversity, in all its forms, is posing a profound challenge to traditional

formulations of cultural policy and to our understanding of the public interests served by this policy. In most countries the artistic and cultural landscape has not evolved to reflect the realities of a changed social landscape. This rift threatens to undermine the legitimacy of cultural institutions and the public policy that supports them. The shift from homogeneity to diversity as the new social norm requires a rethinking of the processes, mechanisms and relationships necessary for democratic policy development in diverse societies.

KECSKEMÉTI Charles, SZÉKELY Iván, (2007), Access to archives - A handbook of guidelines for implementation of Recommendation No R(2000)13 on a European policy on access to archives, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-5782-9)

Abstract: In the early 1990s, when Europe ceased to be divided in opposing political blocs, the Council of Europe concluded that access to archives was one of the key issues to be addressed in. order to fortify democracy throughout the continent. Intensive, in-depth preparation led to the drafting of Recommendation No. R (2000) 13 on a European Policy on Access to Archives, the first intergovernmental standard in this field. The recommendation is motivated by the ethical conviction that knowledge of the past constitutes a human right and that in a democracy citizens are entitled to access to an unbiased presentation of their history based on authentic sources preserved in archives. This handbook explains the principles that



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should govern access policy and practice in the 21st century, summarises the main findings of a pan-European survey on the situation regarding access to archives and formulates a set of guidelines for the implementation of the recommendation intended for civil servants and decision makers, archival authorities and archivists, the scholarly community and civil organizations.

KECSKEMETI Charles, SZEKELY Iván, (2007), L'accès aux archives - Manuel pour la mise en oeuvre de la Recommandation n° R(2000)13 sur une politique européenne en matière de communication des archives, Les Editions Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-5823-9)

Résumé : A la fin des années 1990, après la chute du mur de Berlin, le Conseil de l'Europe a estimé que I'accès aux archives était I'un des thèmes majeurs à prendre en compte pour consolider la démocratie à I'échelle du continent. Un travail préparatoire très dense a conduit à développer la Recommandation R(2000)13 sur une politique européenne en matière de communication des archives, premier standard intergouvernemental dans ce domaine. La recommandation repose sur la conviction éthique selon laquelle la connaissance du passe est un droit de I'homme et qu'en démocratie les citoyens ont droit d'accéder à la présentation impartiale de leur histoire, sur la base de sources authentiques conservées aux archives. Ce manuel explique les principes qui régentent la politique et la pratique d'accès aux archives au XXIe siècle. II résume les conclusions majeures d'une étude sur la situation, menée à I'échelle européenne. II formule un ensemble de conseils à I'intention des fonctionnaires et décideurs, des autorités archivistiques et des archivistes, du corps enseignant et des organisations civiles, afin de mettre en oeuvre la recommandation.

PICKARD Robert, (2003), European Cultural Heritage – Volume II, A review of policies and practice, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN: 978-92-871-4867-4)

Abstract: How can Europe's cultural heritage be promoted as a means of encouraging intercultural dialogue and enhancing people's quality of lives? In this volume Robert Pickard explores this question and analyses how the Council of Europe can develop synergies between sectoral policies related to architectural, archaeological, movable, intangible and natural heritage, drawing on its main related instruments (cf. companion volume 1). This book also presents the relationship that exists with other international organisations working in the field. It will be useful for all of those working in the field of cultural heritage, students and academics, lawyers and all those interested in discovering more about the role of heritage in everyday life.

PICKARD Robert, (2003), Patrimoine culturel européen – Volume II, Examen des politiques et de la pratique, Les Editions Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-4865-0)

Résumé : Comment promouvoir le patrimoine culturel de l'Europe en tant qu'instrument de dialogue interculturel et d'amélioration du cadre de vie ? C'est à cette problématique que s'attache l'auteur, Robert Pickard qui analyse comment le Conseil de l'Europe met en synergie un ensemble de politiques sectorielles visant les patrimoines architectural, archéologique, mobilier, immatériel et naturel. Cette question est examinée sur la base des principaux instruments élaborés par le Conseil de l'Europe en la matière (cf. volume 1). L'ouvrage évoque aussi les liens existant avec d'autres organisations internationales qui oeuvrent dans ce domaine. Ce titre s'adresse tant aux professionnels du patrimoine qu'aux étudiants et universitaires, aux juristes et à toute personne désireuse de découvrir le rôle que joue le patrimoine au quotidien.

PRIEUR Michel (2006), La Convention européenne du paysage et les législations nationales, European spatial planning and landscape, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, n° 75, p. 43-52. ROTH Catherine (ed.), (2004), Guidance on urban rehabilitation: document prepared within the framework of the Technical Co-operation and Consultancy Programme / Orientations sur la réhabilitation urbaine: document préparé dans le cadre du Programme de Coopération et d'Assistance Techniques, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg, October 2004.





Chartes / Charters Charte européenne du patrimoine architectural, Comité des Ministres le 15 septembre 1975. European Charter of the Architectural Heritage, Committee of Ministers on 15 September 1975.

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Charte sur l’utilisation des lieux antiques de spectacle, Colloque international de Vérone, août 1979. Charter on the use of ancient places of performance, International colloquy held in Verona, August 1979.

http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/Source/Resources/Texts/Verone_FR.pdf http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/Source/Resources/Texts/Verone_EN.pdf

Conventions / Conventions

Convention : synonyme de traité, ce terme fait référence à un accord conclu entre plusieurs Etats. Un tel accord implique la volonté commune des parties, auxquelles la convention impose des engagements juridiques contraignants. Convention: synonymous with treaty, this term refers to any agreement concluded between several States. Such an accord implies the joint will of the parties upon whom the convention imposes binding legal commitments.

La Convention culturelle européenne, (Série des traités européens, n°18), Paris 1954. European Cultural Convention, (European Treaty Series, n°18), Paris 1954.

http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/resources/texts/ecc_FR.asp http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/Resources/Texts/ECC_en.asp#TopOfPage

Convention relative à la conservation de la vie sauvage et du milieu naturel de l’Europe, Bern 1979. Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats

http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/bern/default_FR.asp, Bern 1979.

http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/Bern/Presentation_en.asp#TopOfPage

Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine architectural de l’Europe, Grenade 1985. Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe

http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/Heritage/granada_fr.asp#TopOfPage, Granada 1985.

http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/heritage/granada_en.asp#TopOfPage

Convention européenne pour la protection du patrimoine archéologique (révisée), La Valette 1992. Convention for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage of Europe (revised)

http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/Heritage/valletta_fr.asp#TopOfPage, Valletta 1992.

http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/heritage/valletta_en.asp#TopOfPage

Convention européenne du paysage, Florence 2000. European Landscape Convention

http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/landscape/florence_fr.asp#TopOfPage, Florence 2000.

http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/landscape/florence_EN.asp

Convention européenne relative à la protection du patrimoine audiovisuel, Strasbourg 2001. European Convention for the Protection of the Audiovisual Heritage

http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/Heritage/audio_fr.asp#TopOfPage, Strasbourg 2001.

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Convention-cadre sur la valeur du patrimoine culturel pour la société, Faro, 27 octobre 2005.



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, Faro 2005.

http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/heritage/faro_en.asp#TopOfPage Recommandation / Recommendation (List non exhaustive / non exhaustive list)

Recommandation : destinée à encouragée les Etats-Parties à adopter une approche particulière ou à agir selon des méthodes données dans des domaines culturels spécifiques. Recommendation: is intended to encourage the States-Parties to adopt a particular approach or to act in a given manner in specific cultural sphere.

Recommandation N° R (81) 13 concernant les actions à entreprendre en faveur de certains métiers menacés de disparition dans le cadre de l'activité artisanale, Comité des Ministres - 22 juin 1981. Recommendation No R (81) 13 on action in aid of certain declining craft trades in the context of craft activity, Committee of Ministers - 22 June 1981.


Recommandation 1015 (1985) relative à la protection de l'environnement méditerranéen, Assemblée parlementaire le 25 septembre 1985. Recommendation 1015 (1985) on the protection of the Mediterranean environment, Parliamentary Assembly on 25 September 1985.

http://assembly.coe.int/Mainf.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta85/FREC1015.htm http://assembly.coe.int/Mainf.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta85/EREC1015.htm

Recommandation N° R (86) 15relative à la promotion des métiers artisanaux intervenant dans la conservation du patrimoine architectural, Comité des Ministres - 16 octobre 1986. Recommendation No R (86) 15 on the promotion of craft trades involved in the conservation of the architectural heritage, Committee of Ministers - 16 October 1986.


Recommandation N° R (89) 6 relative à la protection et à la mise en valeur du patrimoine architectural rural, Comité des Ministres - 3 avril 1989. Recommendation No (89) 6 on the protection and enhancement of the rural architectural heritage, Committee of Ministers - 3 April 1989.


Recommandation N° R (89) 5 relative à la protection et mise en valeur du patrimoine archéologique dans le contexte des opérations d'aménagement urbain et rural, Comité des Ministres - 3 avril 1989. Recommendation No R (89) 5 concerning the protection and enhancement of the archaeological heritage in the context of town and country planning operations, Committee of Ministers - 3 April 1989.


Recommandation N° R (91) 16 relative aux mesures susceptibles de favoriser le financement de la conservation du patrimoine architectural, Comité des Ministres - 9 avril 1991. Recommendation No R (91) 6 on the measures likely to promote the funding of the conservation of the architectural heritage, Committee of Ministers - 9 April 1991.




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Recommandation N° R (93) 9 sur la protection du patrimoine architectural contre les catastrophes naturelles, Comité des Ministres - 23 novembre 1993. Recommendation No R (93) 9 on the protection of the architectural heritage against natural disasters, Committee of Ministers - 23 November 1993.


Recommandation N° R (95) 9 relative à la conservation des sites culturels intégrée aux politiques du paysage, Comité des Ministres - 7 septembre 1995. Recommendation No R (95) 9 on the integrated conservation of cultural landscape areas as part of landscape policies, Committee of Ministers - 7 September 1995.


Recommandation N° R (96) 6 relative à la protection du patrimoine culturel contre les actes illicites, Comité des Ministres - 19 juin 1996 Recommendation No R (96) 6 on the protection of the cultural heritage against unlawful acts, Committee of Ministers - 19 June 1996.


Recommandation N° R (98) 4 relative aux mesures susceptibles de favoriser la conservation intégrée des ensembles historiques composées de biens immeubles et de biens meubles, Comité des Ministres - 17 mars 1998. Recommendation No R (98) 4 on measures to promote the integrated conservation of historic complexes composed of immoveable and moveable property, Committee of Ministers - 17 March 98.


Recommandation 1372 (1998) sur la Convention d’Unidroit sur les biens culturels volés ou illicitement exportés, Assemblée parlementaire - 26 mai 1998. Recommendation 1372 (1998) on the Unidroit Convention on stolen or illegally exported cultural property, Parliamentary Assembly - 26 May 1998.


Recommandation 1393 (1998) relative à la gestion et à la protection du paysage : une convention européenne, Assemblée parlementaire - 4 novembre 1998. Recommendation 1393 (1998) on the management and the protection of the landscape : a European convention, Parliamentary Assembly - 4 November 1998.


Recommandation N° R (97) 9 relative à une politique de développement d'un tourisme durable et respectueux de l'environnement dans les zones côtières, Comité des Ministres - 2 juin 1997. Recommendation No R (97) 9 on a policy for the development of sustainable environment-friendly tourism in coastal areas, Committee of Ministers - 2 June 1997.


Recommandation 1486 (2000) sur le patrimoine culturel maritime et fluvial, Assemblée parlementaire - 9 novembre 2000.



















Recommendation 1486 (2000) on maritime and fluvial cultural heritage, Parliamentary Assembly - 9 November 2000.

http://assembly.coe.int/main.asp?Link=/documents/adoptedtext/ta00/frec1486.htm http://assembly.coe.int/Mainf.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta00/EREC1486.htm

Recommandation N° R (2003) 1 sur la promotion d’un tourisme attaché à la mise en valeur du patri-moine culturel dans la perspective de développement durable, Comité des Ministres - 15 janvier 2003. Recommendation No. R (2003) 1 on the promotion of tourism to foster the cultural heritage as a factor for sustainable development, Committee of Ministers - 15 January 2003.


Recommandation N° R (2006) 3 relative à la Convention de l'UNESCO sur la protection et la promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles, Comité des Ministres - 1er février 2006 Recommendation No. R (2006) 3 on the UNESCO Convention on the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions, Committee of Ministers - 1 February 2006


Recommandation N° R (2008) 3 sur les orientations pour la mise en œuvre de la Convention européenne du paysage, Comité des Ministres - 6 février 2008. Recommendation No R (2008) 3 on the guidelines for the implementation of the European Landscape Convention, Committee of Ministers - 6 February 2008.


Pour plus d’information/ For more information Direction de la culture et du patrimoine culturel et naturel Directorate of culture and Natural Heritage http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/ Textes de référence Reference texts http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/resources/texts/default_fr.asp http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/resources/texts/default_EN.asp Les Conventions du patrimoine culturel du Conseil de l’Europe The Council of Europe's cultural heritage conventions http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/Heritage/Default_fr.asp http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/heritage/default_EN.asp Politique et action culturelles Cultural policy and cultural action http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/resources/texts/culture_FR.asp http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/Resources/Texts/Culture_en.asp#TopOfPage Patrimoine culturel Cultural heritage http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/resources/texts/heritage_FR.asp http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/resources/texts/Heritage_en.asp#TopOfPage Paysage et aménagement du territoire Landscape and regional/saptial planning http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/resources/texts/Land_fr.asp#TopOfPage



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UNESCO ASKERUD Pernille, CLÉMENT Etienne, (1997), Preventing the illicit traffic in cultural property: a resource handbook for the implementation of the 1970 UNESCO Convention, UNESCO, Paris.

http://unesdoc.unesco.org BANDARIN Francesco (ed.), (2007), Patrimoine mondial: défis pour le millénaire, UNESCO World Heritage Centre / Centre du patrimoine, UNESCO, Paris. BLAKE Janet, (2001), Developing a new standard-setting instrument for the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage : elements for consideration / Élaboration d'un nouvel instrument normatif pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel, Unesco, Paris. BLAKE Janet, (2006), Community involvement in safeguarding ICH - Sustainable development and participation, in: Expert meeting on community involvement in safeguarding intangible cultural heritage: towards the implementation of the 2003 convention, UNESCO, Paris, 3 p. BLAKE Janet, (2006), Some thoughts on 'Communities', 'Groups' and 'Individuals' in International Law, in: Expert meeting on community involvement in safeguarding intangible cultural heritage: towards the implementation of the 2003 convention, UNESCO, Paris, 6 p. BOUCHENAKI Mounir, (2003), Setting up the international collaboration framework, Museum international, n° 218-219, p.126-137.

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=133503&database=ged&gp=0&lin=1

COLETTE Augustin, (2007), Climate change and World Heritage: report on predicting and managing the impacts of climate change on World Heritage, and strategy to assist States Parties to implement appropriate management responses / Changement climatique et patrimoine mondial: rapport sur la prévision et la gestion des effets du changement climatique sur le patrimoine mondial, et stratégie pour aider les États parties à mettre en oeuvre des réactions de gestion adaptées, (World Heritage reports / Rapports du patrimoine mondial), UNESCO World Heritage Centre / Centre du patrimoine mondial, n° 22. DAUGE Yves, YANG Minja, (2004), Protection du patrimoine et décentralisation, in : Partenariats pour les villes du patrimoine mondial, (Cahiers du Patrimoine Mondial. 9), UNESCO WHC, Paris, p. 26-29. FOWLER P.J., (s.d.), World Heritage cultural landscapes 1992-2002, World Heritage papers, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris, n° 6. FOWLER Peter, (2006), World heritage cultural landscapes, World heritage, n° 44, p. 26-33. HOSNI Ezzedine, (2000), Strategy for sustainable tourism development in the Sahara, World decade for cultural development, UNESCO, Paris. Intercultural Dialogue between Europe and the Mediterranean, (2008), Quaderns de la Mediterrània, 10, IEMed-European Institute Mediterranean, Barcelona.

http://www.iemed.org/publicacions/anovetats.php Abstract : Under the auspices of the Euromed, in the framework of the Year of the Intercultural Dialogue Europe – Mediterranean, this issue gathers the thoughts of writers and intellectuals from the European Union countries as well as the countries of the South and East of the Mediterranean, which bring us plural views, knowledge, sensitivities and some instrumental elements to establish a better dialogue.



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ICCROM, UNESCO, World Heritage Centre, CRATerre-EAG, (2004), Etude comparative de législations relatives à la protection du patrimoine culturel immobilier / Comparative study of legislations in relation to the protection of the immovable cultural heritage, CRATerre-EAG, Grenoble. LARSEN Knut Einar (ed.), (2006), International conference on the safeguarding of tangible and intangible cultural heritage: towards an integrated approach, Nara, Japan, 20-23 October 2004 (proceedings) / Conférence internationale sur la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel matériel et immatériel: vers une approche intégrée, Nara, Japon, 20-23 octobre 2004 (actes), UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Agency for Cultural Affairs Japan, ICCROM, ICOMOS, Tapir Publishers, Trondheim. (ISBN: 82-519-1416-7). MECCA Saverio, BIONDI Benedetta (eds), (2005), 1st international research seminar on architectural heritage and sustainable development of small and medium cities in south Mediterranean regions: results and strategies of research and cooperation, (Architettura in costruzione, 5), UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris, Università degli studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di tecnologie dell'architettura e design, Firenze, Edizioni ETS, Pisa. (ISBN 88-467-1199-8) PEROT Jacques, PETZET Michaël, (2003), The role of non-governmental organisations in international emergency action, Museum international, n° 218-219, p.119-125.

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=133502&database=ged&gp=0&lin=1

PRIEUR Michel, (2003), Legal provisions for cultural landscape protection in Europe, in: Cultural landscapes: the challenges of conservation, (World Heritage Papers. 7), UNESCO WHC, Paris, p.150-155. PROTT Lyndel V., (2000), Legal principles for protecting underwater cultural heritage, (Coastal Management Sourcebooks, 2), UNESCO Publishing, Paris, p. 130-136. (ISBN: 92-3-103730-7) PROTT Lyndel V., (2000), Biens culturels volés ou illicitement exportés : commentaire relatif à la Convention d'UNIDROIT, Les droits de l'homme en perspective / Human rights in perspective, Éitions Unesco, Paris. (ISBN : 92-3-203764-5) ROBINSON Mike, PICARD David, (2006), Tourisme, culture et développement durable / Tourism, culture and sustainable development, Division des politiques culturelles et du dialogue interculturel, secteur de la culture, UNESCO, Paris, March 2006. STOTT Peter, (2006), New perspectives in heritage: transnational nominations, World heritage, n°44, p. 20-25.

Abstract: The World Heritage Convention was designed as an instrument to encourage common responsibility for the conservation of heritage of outstanding universal value through international cooperation. There is no better evidence of this common responsibility than the nomination of a site jointly proposed and managed by two or more countries.

UNESCO, (sd), Kit d’information sur la restitution de Biens Culturels : Promouvoir le retour ou la restitution de Biens Culturels, Comité intergouvernemental pour la promotion du retour de biens culturels à leur pays d'origine ou de leur restitution en cas d'appropriation illégale. UNESCO, (sd), Information Kit on the Restitution on the Restitution of Cultural Property: Promote the return or the restitution of cultural property, Intergovernmental Committee for Promoting the Return of Cultural Property to its Countries of Origin or its Restitution in case of Illicit Appropriation

http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=35283&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

UNESCO, (1979), La Protection du patrimoine culturel mobilier, recueil de textes législatifs, Paris. UNESCO, (2002), Droit et Patrimoine en Afrique (projet ayant bénéficié du soutient actif de l’Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie, de l’UNESCO, d’UNIDROIT et des organisations réunies dans le cadre du programme Africa 2009, et notamment de l’ICCROM et de CRATerre-EAG, réactualisation septembre 2002), UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws Database.

http://www.unesco.org/culture/natlaws/index.php?&lng=en



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UNESCO, (2003), The legal tools for world heritage conservation. Outils juridiques pour la conservation du patrimoine mondial, in : World Heritage 2002 : Shared Legacy, Common responsibility, World Heritage Centre/UNESCO, Paris, p. 134-137. UNESCO, (2003), Patrimoine et développement durable dans les centres historiques urbains, Fès.

http://rabat.unesco.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_fes_2003.pdf UNESCO, ICCROM, (2003), Introducing young people to heritage site management and protection A practical manual for secondary school teachers in the Arab Region, UNESCO, ICCROM, Amman. UNESCO, (2003), Periodic Report and Regional Programme. Arab States 2002-2003, (World Heritage Report, 11), World Heritage Centre, Paris, 2003.

http://whc.unesco.org/documents/publi_wh_papers_11_en.pdf

UNESCO, (2003), Report by the Director-General on the preliminary draft of an international convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage / Rapport du Directeur général sur l'avant-projet de convention Internationale pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel, Executive Board Meeting, 167th session, 2003. UNESCO, Paris, UNESCO, (2003), Preliminary Draft International Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage and report by the Director-General on the situation calling for standard-setting and on the possible scope of such standard-setting / Avant-projet de convention internationale pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel et Rapport du Directeur général sur la situation devant faire l'objet d'une action normative et sur l'étendue possible d'une telle action, General Conference.

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001307/130784e.pdf (English) http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001307/130784f.pdf (Français)

Résumé : Ce texte, qui est le fruit de plusieurs années de travail, a été adopté par les experts de 103 pays réunis en juin 2003 au siège de l'UNESCO. Il sera présenté à la prochaine conférence générale en octobre 2003. Il pourrait constituer le complément nécessaire à la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel en constituant le pendant de la Convention de 1972 sur le patrimoine culturel et naturel. La future convention prévoit notamment la création d'un Fonds du patrimoine culturel immatériel et la réalisation par les États parties d'inventaires nationaux, d'une liste représentative du patrimoine culturel immatériel de l'humanité et l'établissement d'une deuxième liste recensant le patrimoine culturel immatériel nécessitant une sauvegarde urgente.

UNESCO World Heritage Centre, (2003), World heritage 2002, Shared legacy, common responsibility, in: Cultural landscapes: the challenges of conservation, Associated Workshops, Ferrara, Italy, 11-12 November 2002, (World Heritage Papers. 7), UNESCO WHC, Paris. UNESCO, (2004), Partnerships for World Heritage cities: culture as a vector for sustainable urban development. World Heritage 2002: shared legacy, common responsibility, associated workshops, 11-12 November, Urbino, Pesaro, Italy, (World Heritage papers, 9), UNESCO World Heritage Centre / Centre du patrimoine mondial, Paris. UNESCO, (2006), Mesures juridiques et pratiques contre le trafic illicite des biens culturels, Manuel de l'UNESCO, Paris. UNESCO, (2006), Legal and Practical Measures against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property, UNESCO Handbook, International Standards Section, Division of Cultural Heritage, Paris.

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001461/146118e.pdf Abstract: This handbook briefly draws attention to some basic legal and practical measures and tools to help combat illicit trafficking in cultural property.

UNESCO, (2006), Textes fondamentaux: édition 2006, comprenant les textes et amendements adoptés par la Conférence générale lors de sa 33è session (Paris, 2005) / Basic texts: 2006 edition,



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including texts and amendments adopted by the General Conference at its 33rd session (Paris, 2005), UNESCO World Heritage Centre / Centre du patrimoine mondial, Paris, March 2006. UNESCO, (2007), 14ème session du Comité intergouvernemental de l’UNESCO pour la promotion du retour de biens culturels à leur pays d’origine ou de leur restitution en cas d’appropriation illégale, Paris, juin 2007. UNESCO, (2007), La protection des biens culturels á travers l’application des conventions, Séminaire sub-régional, Bureau de l’UNESCO de Beyrouth, Amman, juin 2007. Conventions / Conventions

Convention : synonyme de traité, ce terme fait référence à un accord conclu entre plusieurs Etats. Un tel accord implique la volonté commune des parties, auxquelles la convention impose des engagements juridiques contraignants. Convention: synonymous with treaty, this term refers to any agreement concluded between several States. Such an accord implies the joint will of the parties upon whom the convention imposes binding legal commitments.

Convention pour la protection des biens culturels en cas de conflit armé, avec Règlement d'exécution, 1er Protocole, La Haye 14 mai 1954, 2e Protocole, La Haye, 26 mars 1999. Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict with Regulations for the Execution of the Convention, 1st Protocol, The Hague 14 May 1954, 2nd Protocol, The Hague, 26 March 1999.

http://portal.unesco.org/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=13637&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13637&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

Convention concernant les mesures à prendre pour interdire et empêcher l'importation, l'exportation et le transfert de propriété illicites des biens culturels, Paris, le 14 novembre 1970. Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Paris, 14 November 1970.


Convention concernant la protection du patrimoine mondial, culturel et naturel, Paris, 16 nov. 1972. Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Paris, 16 Nov. 1972.


Convention sur la protection du patrimoine culturel subaquatique, Paris, le 2 novembre 2001. Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, Paris, 2 November 2001.


Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel 2003, Paris, le 17 octobre 2003. Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, Paris, 17 October 2003.

http://portal.unesco.org/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=17716&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.phpURL_ID=17716&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Convention sur la protection et la promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles, Paris, 20 octobre 2005. Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, Paris, 20 October 2005.




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Recommandations / Recommendations

Recommandation : destinée à encouragée les Etats-Parties à adopter une approche particulière ou à agir selon des méthodes données dans des domaines culturels spécifiques. Recommendation: is intended to encourage the States-Parties to adopt a particular approach or to act in a given manner in specific cultural sphere.

Recommandation définissant les principes internationaux à appliquer en matière de fouilles archéologiques, 5 décembre 1956. Recommendation on International Principles Applicable to Archaeological Excavations, 5 December 1956.


Recommandation concernant les moyens les plus efficaces de rendre les musées accessibles à tous, 14 décembre 1960. Recommendation concerning the Most Effective Means of Rendering Museums Accessible to Everyone, 14 December 1960.


Recommandation concernant la sauvegarde de la beauté et du caractère des paysages et des sites, 11 décembre 1962. Recommendation concerning the Safeguarding of Beauty and Character of Landscapes and Sites, 11 December 1962.


Recommandation concernant les mesures à prendre pour interdire et empêcher l'exportation, l'importation et le transfert de propriété illicites des biens culturels, 19 novembre 1964. Recommendation on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Export, Import and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, 19 November 1964.


Recommandation concernant la préservation des biens culturels mis en péril par les travaux publics ou privés, 19 novembre 1968. Recommendation concerning the Preservation of Cultural Property Endangered by Public or Private works, 19 November 1968.


Recommandation concernant la protection sur le plan national du patrimoine culturel et naturel, 16 novembre 1972. Recommendation concerning the Protection, at National Level, of the Cultural and Natural Heritage, 16 November 1972.


Recommandation concernant la sauvegarde des ensembles historiques ou traditionnels et leur rôle dans la vie contemporaine, 26 novembre 1976.

















Recommendation concerning the Safeguarding and Contemporary Role of Historic Areas, 26 November 1976.


Recommandation concernant l'échange international de biens culturels, 26 novembre 1976. Recommendation concerning the International Exchange of Cultural Property, 26 November 1976.


Recommandation pour la protection des biens culturels mobiliers, 28 novembre 1978. Recommendation for the Protection of Movable Cultural Property, 28 November 1978.


Recommandation pour la sauvegarde et la conservation des images en mouvement, 27 octobre 1980. Recommendation for the Safeguarding and Preservation of Moving Images, 27 October 1980.


Recommandation concernant la normalisation internationale des statistiques relatives au financement public des activités culturelles, 27 octobre 1980. Recommendation concerning the International Standardisation of Statistics on the Public Financing of Cultural Activities, 27 October 1980.


Recommandation sur la sauvegarde de la culture traditionnelle et populaire, 15 novembre 1989. Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore, 15 November 1989.


Déclarations / Declarations Déclaration des principes de la coopération culturelle internationale, 4 novembre 1966. Declaration of Principles of International Cultural Co-operation, 4 November 1966.


Déclaration universelle de l'UNESCO sur la diversité culturelle, 2 novembre 2001. UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, 2 November 2001.

http://portal.unesco.org/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=13179&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13179&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Charte sur la conservation du patrimoine numérique, 15 octobre 2003. Charter on the Preservation of Digital Heritage, 15 October 2003.


Déclaration de l'UNESCO concernant la destruction intentionnelle du patrimoine culturel, 17 octobre 2003. UNESCO Declaration concerning the Intentional Destruction of Cultural Heritage, 17 October 2003.

http://portal.unesco.org/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=17718&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=17718&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Pour plus d’informations / For more information: http://portal.unesco.org/culture























http://portal.unesco.org/culture�



http://unesdoc.unesco.org/Ulis/search_form.shtml Action normative / Textes normatifs http://portal.unesco.org/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=12024&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Normative Action / Legal instruments http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=12024&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Conventions / Conventions http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=12025&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=-471.html Recommandations / Recommendations http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=12026&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=-471.html Déclarations / Declarations http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=12027&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=-471.html Diversité culturelle / Cultural Diversity http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=34321&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Patrimoine mondial / World Heritage http://portal.unesco.org/culture/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=34323&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Patrimoine immatériel / Intangible Heritage http://portal.unesco.org/culture/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=34325&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Comité intergouvernemental pour la promotion du retour de biens culturels à leur pays d'origine ou de leur restitution en cas d'appropriation illégale / Intergovernmental Committee for Promoting the Return of Cultural Property to its Countries of Origin or its Restitution in case of Illicit Appropriation http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=35283&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Protection des biens culturels en cas de conflit armé / Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict http://portal.unesco.org/culture/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=35261&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Trafic illicite et restitution des biens culturels / Cultural Property: its Illicit Trafficking and Restitution http://portal.unesco.org/culture/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=35252&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Le patrimoine culturel subaquatique / The Underwater Cultural Heritage http://portal.unesco.org/culture/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=33966&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Musées / Museums http://portal.unesco.org/culture/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=35032&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html



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ICOM ICOM, (2006), ICOM Code of Ethics for Museums, The ICOM Code of Professional Ethics, adopted by the 15th General Assembly of ICOM in Buenos Aires, (Argentina) on 4 November 1986, amended by the 20th General Assembly in Barcelona (Spain) on 6 July 2001, retitled ICOM Code of Ethics for Museums, and revised by the 21st General Assembly in Seoul (Republic of Korea) on 8 October 2004.

http://icom.museum/ethics.html#intro ICOM, (2006), Code de déontologie pour les musées, Le Code de déontologie de l’ICOM a été adopté à l’unanimité par la 15eAssemblée générale de l’ICOM, réunie à Buenos-Aires (Argentine) le 4 novembre 1986, modifié par la 20eAssemblée générale en Barcelone (Espagne) le 6 juillet 2001 sous le titre Code de déontologie de l’ICOM pour les musées et révisé par la 21e Assemblée générale à Séoul (République de Corée) le 8 octobre 2004.

http://icom.museum/ethics_fr.html ADNET Julien, (2005), ICOM et la lutte contre le trafic illicite, Nouvelles de l' ICOM, vol.58, n° 3, p.8.

Abstract: Describes ICOM's commitment to reducing looting and illicit trade of cultural property. Trafficking exists due to factors including economic struggle, poor border controls, armed conflict, and conflicting national legislations which make tracing the import and export of illicit objects more difficult. It is therefore important that nations ratify the international conventions drafted to stop damage and illicit trade of cultural objects, and promote their return to the nations of origin. ICOM's efforts to reducing this problem are demonstrated through its promotion of cooperation between collecting institutions, its verifying the provenance of objects through research and the use of databases, and its drafting of a Code of Ethics which solidifies its stance on good practice. The author concludes that ICOM members and national committees must pressure their national governments to ratify the conventions, and museum professionals must actively work to stop the traffic of illegal material.

CARDUCCI Guido, (2005), Déontologie, droit et patrimoine, Nouvelles de l'ICOM, ICOM, Paris, vol. 58, n° 3, p. 5. (ISSN: 0020-6418)

http://icom.museum/pdf/F_news2005/p5_2005-3.pdf Abstract: Briefly discusses the difference between ethical norms and legal instruments, both of which contribute to efforts to protect cultural heritage. There is a significant difference between rights and ethics, rights can influence legal rule, while ethics are not as coercive. Likewise, there is a difference between the standard-setting instruments which nations ratify (such as the 1954 and 1970 UNESCO Conventions), and other codes, declarations, recommendations, etc., which are not legally enforceable but act as moral and ethical guidelines. On an ethical level, both UNESCO and the International Council of Museums (ICOM) have adopted generally accepted ethical codes, which are only punitive when they coincide with a legal rule. The coexistence of ethical norms and the law both act to reinforce public consciousness and conscience regarding the protection of cultural heritage.

CUMMINS Alissandra, (2006), Déclaration de la Présidente de l’ICOM sur les actions en justice actuellement intentées contre des musées pour le retour de biens culturels exportés illégalement (en particulier, l’Italie contre le musée Jean Paul Getty), Conseil international des musées, décembre.

http://icom.museum/statement_illegalexport_fr.html

GEOFFREY Lewis, (2004), Legal And Ethical Considerations In The Repatriation Of Stolen And Illegally Exported Cultural Property: Is There A Means To Settle Disputes?, in: ICOM Triennial Conference Seoul, Korea, October 2 - 8, 2004, ICOM.

http://www.intercom.museum/conferences/2004/lewis.html ICOM, (1996), Manuel des normes: Documentation des collections africaines = Handbook of Standards: Documenting African Collections, ICOM, Paris.



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ICOM, (1998), Actes de l'atelier pour la protection du patrimoine et la lutte contre le trafic illicite des biens culturels dans les pays arabes, Hammamet, Tunisie, 2-4 juin 1998, ICOM et Institut national du patrimoine de Tunisie, en collaboration avec l'UNESCO, ICOM, Paris. ICOM, (2002), Leadership in Museums: Are our core Values Shifting? Dublin, Ireland, October 16 - 19, 2002, (Proceedings).

http://www.intercom.museum/conferences/2002/ Abstract: Museums today face many pressures for change, not least the pressure to popularize themselves. Are these pressures forcing museums to change their core purposes and values? The INTERCOM conference looked at this critical area and in particular at the role that leadership and management have to play in balancing apparently conflicting demands. Key questions about the role of museum governors and indeed whether traditional scholarship and research can continue alongside new populist programmes and exhibitions were addressed by the principal speakers. Within the overall theme, "Leadership in Museums: Are our Core Values Shifting?" there were three core sessions, addressing aspects of this topic: Defining Museum Core Values in the 21st Century: Leadership in Action; Competing Values: who decides, the role of governance; Scholarship and Populism: can they co-exist? The conference was organized and chaired by Aidan Walsh of Ireland, a member of the INTERCOM Board..

ICOM, (2004), ICOM Triennial Conference Seoul, Korea, October 2 - 8, 2004,(proceedings).

http://www.intercom.museum/conferences/2004/

NEGRI Vincent, (1997), Genèse et principes de la convention UNIDROIT du 24 juin 1995 sur les biens culturels voles ou illicitement exportés, lettre du Comité national français, ICOM France, Paris, n°22, octobre 1997, p.8-10. PHELAN Marilyn, (2004), Legal And Ethical Considerations In The Repatriation Of Illegally Exported And Stolen Cultural Property: Is There A Means To Settle The Disputes?, in: ICOM Triennial Conference Seoul, Korea, October 2 - 8, 2004, ICOM.

http://www.intercom.museum/conferences/2004/phelan.html

Pour plus d’informations / For more information: ICOM http://icom.museum/ INTERCOM International Committee on Management http://www.intercom.museum/



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ICOMOS CHRISTOFIDOU Athina, (2002), Heritage protection in Greece. Protection through planning. Public participation in listing processes and planning / La protection du patrimoine en Grèce. Protection par planification. Participation du public au processus de classement et de planification, Comité Nacional Español del ICOMOS, Madrid, p. 103-108. (ISBN: 84-89944-74-1) DEACON Harriet, (2005), Legal and financial instruments for safeguarding our intangible heritage, in: ICOMOS Scientific Symposium: Place-memory-meaning: preserving intangible values in monuments and sites, Victoria Falls, 2003, ICOMOS, Paris, p.349-385.

http://www.international.icomos.org/victoriafalls2003/papers/C3-2%20-%20Deacon.pdf ICOMOS, Hefte des Deutschen Nationalkomitees, (1997), International seminar on legal structure of private sponsorship and participation in the protection and maintenance of monuments, Weimar, Germany, April 17 to 19 1997, ICOMOS-Journals of the German national committee, ICOMOS, München, n° XXVI. (ISBN: 3-87490-664-7) ICOMOS, Spanish National Committee (2002), Protection Through Planning: Public Participation in Planning and Listing Processes, in: International Seminar on Protection Through Planning: Public Participation in Planning and Listing Processes, Toledo, 22-24 July 1999, (Journals of the ICOMOS International Committee on Legal, Administrative and Financial Issues No.2), Spanish National Committee of ICOMOS, Madrid.

Subject : Planning; listing; public participation; European Architectural Convention; architecture; information; Revised European Archaeological Convention; inventories; historic complexes; landscapes; UNESCO Recommendations; World Heritage Convention; administration; legislation; buildings; monuments; construction projects; preservation; Israel; Greece; Spain; Croatia; Germany, …

ICOMOS (2005), Monuments and sites in their setting-conserving cultural heritage in changing townscapes and landscapes, ICOMOS General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. 15th, Xi'an, China, 17-21 October 2005, World Publishing Corporation. (ISBN: 7-5062-7372-1) ICOMOS, (2005), , annual conference ICLAFI / organized by ICOMOS Vlaanderen-Brussel vzw and ICOMOS Wallonie-Bruxelles asbl in collaboration with the Brussels-Capital region, the Flemish region and the Walloon region -

- -Capitale, , Belgian National Committee of ICOMOS, Brussels.


ICOMOS, (2008), World heritage industrial sites, ICOMOS Documentation Centre, May 2008. (Description of the World Heritage Industrial Sites with a Bibliography of supporting documents at the ICOMOS Documentation Centre)

http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/bib/worldheritage-industrialsites.pdf

ICOMOS, (2008), World Heritage in Arab States, ICOMOS Documentation Centre, May 2008. (Description of the World Heritage Sites with a Bibliography of supporting documents at the ICOMOS Documentation Centre)

http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/bib/worldheritageinarab-states.pdf

ICOMOS, (2008), World heritage cultural landscapes, ICOMOS Documentation Centre, April 2008. (Description of the World Heritage Cultural Landscapes with a Bibliography of supporting documents at the ICOMOS Documentation Centre)

http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/bib/culturallandscapes.pdf



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KOREN Gideon, (2002), Limitations in enforcement of international conventions: implications for protection of monuments and sites, XIII Asamblea General del ICOMOS, Madrid, p. 90-93.

http://www.international.icomos.org/madrid2002/actas/90.pdf

NOVENSTERN Humi (ed. ), KOREN Gideon, (2002), Legal methods of furthering urban preservation: conference of the International Legal Committee of ICOMOS, Papers submitted to the Israel Conference, February 2001, Ministry of Science Culture and Sport, ICOMOS Israel, Council for the Preservation of Buildings and Historic Sites, Israel National Commission for UNESCO, Israel Antiquities Authority, Society for the protection of nature in Israel, International Legal Committee of ICOMOS, ICOMOS, Israel. RIZOPOULOU-EGOUMENIDOU Euphrosyne, (1996), Administration and legal protection of ancient monuments, Monuments and Sites: Cyprus, ICOMOS, Colombo, p. 85-95. (ISBN: 955-613-080-2) TRUETZSCHLER Werner, ( 2005), The evolution of "Cultural Heritage" in international law, in: Proceedings of the ICOMOS 15th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, Xi’an 2005, Volume 1, World Publishing Corporation, Xi'an, p. 212-214. (ISBN: 7-5062-7372-1)

http://www.international.icomos.org/xian2005/papers/1-33.pdf

Chartes / Charters Les "Chartes", "Codes de déontologie", ou autres "Principes" ont une autorité morale plutôt que juridique. En général, elles énoncent des principes et des codes de bonne conduite que les professionnels élaborent eux-mêmes pour guider leur pratique. "Charters", "Codes of Ethics", "Principles", etc… have a moral rather than legal authority. They usually set forth principles and codes of good conduct that professionals set for themselves to serve ad guidelines for their practices.

Charte internationale sur la conservation et la restauration des monuments et des sites (Charte de Venise - 1964), 2ème Congrès international des architectes et des techniciens des monuments historiques, Venise, 1964, adoptée par ICOMOS en 1965. International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (The Venice Charter-1964), 2nd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, Venice, 1964, adopted by ICOMOS in 1965.

http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/venice_f.htm http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/venice_e.htm

Charte des jardins historiques (Charte de Florence - 1982), Comité international des Jardins historiques ICOMOS-IFLA, Florence le 21 mai 1981, adoptée par ICOMOS en décembre 1982. Historic Gardens Charter (The Florence Charter – 1981), The ICOMOS-IFLA International Committee for Historic Gardens, Florence on 21 May 1981, adopted by ICOMOS in December 1982.

http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/gardens_f.htm http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/gardens_e.htm

Charte internationale pour la sauvegarde des villes historiques (Charte de Washington - 1987), adoptée par l'Assemblée Général de l'ICOMOS, Washington D.C., octobre, 1987. Charter on the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas (Washington Charter - 1987), adopted by ICOMOS General Assembly, Washington D.C., October, 1987.

http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/towns_f.htm http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/towns_e.htm



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Charte internationale pour la gestion du patrimoine archéologique, préparée par le Comité International pour la Gestion du Patrimoine Archéologique (ICAHM), adoptée par la 9ème Assemblée Générale de l’ICOMOS, Lausanne, 1990. Charter for the Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage, prepared by the International Committee for the Management of Archaeological Heritage (ICAHM), approved by the 9th General Assembly, Lausanne, 1990. http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/arch_f.htm

http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/arch_e.htm

Charte internationale sur la protection et la gestion du patrimoine culturel subaquatique, ratifiée par la 11e Assemblée Générale de l'ICOMOS, Sofia, Octobre, 1996. Charter for the Protection and Management of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, ratified by the 11th COMOS General Assembly, Sofia, October, 1996.

http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/underwater_f.htm http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/underwater_e.htm

Charte internationale du tourisme culturel (La Gestion du Tourisme dans les Sites de Patrimoniaux, 1999), adoptée par ICOMOS à la 12ème Assemblée Générale, Mexique, Octobre 1999. International Charter on Cultural Tourism (Managing Tourism at Places of Heritage Significance, 1999), adopted by ICOMOS at the 12th General Assembly, Mexico, October 1999.

http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/tourism_f.htm http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/tourism_e.htm

Principes à suivre pour la conservation des structures historiques en bois, adoptés par ICOMOS à la 12ème Assemblée Générale, Mexique, octobre 1999. Principles for the Preservation of Historic Timber Structures, adopted by ICOMOS at the 12th General Assembly, Mexico, October 1999.

http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/wood_f.htm http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/wood_e.htm

Charte du patrimoine bâti vernaculaire, ratifiée par la 12ème Assemblée Générale de ICOMOS, Mexique, octobre 1999. Charter on the Built Vernacular heritage, ratified by the ICOMOS 12th General Assembly, Mexico, October 1999.

http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/vernacular_f.htm http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/vernacular_e.htm

Charte ICOMOS - Principes pour l'analyse, la conservation et la restauration des structures du patrimoine architectural, ratifiée par la 14ème Assemblée Générale de ICOMOS, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, Octobre 2003. ICOMOS Charter – principles for the analysis, conservation and structural restoration of architectural heritage, ratified by the ICOMOS 14th General Assembly, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, October 2003.

http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/structures_f.htm http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/structures_e.htm

ICOMOS Principes pour la préservation et la conservation / restauration des peintures murales, ratifiée par la 14ème Assemblée Générale de ICOMOS, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, octobre 2003. ICOMOS Principles for the Preservation and Conservation - Restoration of Wall Paintings, ratified by the ICOMOS 14th General Assembly, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, October 2003.

http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/wallpaintings_f.htm http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/wallpaintings_e.htm



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Resolutions and Declarations Resolutions of the Symposium on the Introduction of Contemporary Architecture into Ancient Groups of Buildings, 3rd General Assembly, Budapest on 27th and 28th June 1972.

http://www.icomos.org/docs/contemporary_architecture.html

Guidelines for Education and Training in the Conservation of Monuments, Ensembles and Sites, 10th ICOMOS General Assembly, Colombo, Sri Lanka, from July 30 to August 7, 1993. Le Document de Nara sur l’Authenticité, Conférence de Nara sur l'Authenticité dans le cadre de la Convention du Patrimoine Mondial, tenue à Nara, Japon,1-6 novembre 1994, Direction des Affaires Culturelles du Gouvernement Japonais et la Préfecture de Nara en coopération avec l'UNESCO, l'ICCROM et l'ICOMOS,1994. The Nara Document on Authenticity, Nara Conference on Authenticity in Relation to the World Heritage Convention, held at Nara, Japan, from 1-6 November 1994, Agency for Cultural Affairs (Government of Japan) and the Nara Prefecture in cooperation with UNESCO, ICCROM and ICOMOS, 1994.

http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/nara_f.htm http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/nara_e.htm

Principes pour l'établissement d'archives documentaires des monuments, des ensembles architecturaux et des sites, 11ème Assemblée Générale de l'ICOMOS, Sofia, Bulgarie, du 5 au 9 octobre 1996.

http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/recording_f.htm

The Stockholm Declaration, (Declaration of ICOMOS marking the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights), adopted by the ICOMOS Executive and Advisory Committees, Stockholm, 11 September 1998.

http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/stocdec_e.htm

Déclaration de Xi’an sur la conservation du contexte des constructions, des sites et des secteurs patrimoniaux, adoptée par la 15ème Assemblée Générale, Xi’an, Chine, 21 octobre 2005. Xi'an Declaration on the Conservation of the Setting of Heritage Structures, Sites and Areas, adopted by the 15th General Assembly, Xi'an, China, 21 October 2005.

http://www.international.icomos.org/charters.htm

Autres / Others (List non exhaustive / non exhaustive list) La Charte d'Athènes pour la restauration des Monuments Historiques (Athènes, 1931), adoptée lors du 1er congrès international des architectes et techniciens des monuments historiques, Athènes, 21-30 Octobre 1931. Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments (Athens, 1931), adopted at the 1st International Congress of Architects and technicians of Historic Monuments, Athens, 21-30 October 1931)

http://www.icomos.org/docs/athens_f.html http://www.icomos.org/docs/athens_charter.html

Pour plus d’informations / For more information: Base de donnés bibliographique / Bibliographic Database http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/ Dernières publications / Latest Publications



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http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/last_pub2008.htm Base de donnés disponible sur / Search the database http://databases.unesco.org/icomos/ Charters and other doctrinal texts http://www.international.icomos.org/charters.htm Documents PDF / PDF Documents http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/pdf.htm



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UNIDROIT UNIDROIT, (1995), Convention d'UNIDROIT sur les biens culturels volés ou illicitement exportés (Rome)

http://www.unidroit.org/french/conventions/1995culturalproperty/main.htm UNIDROIT, (1995), Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects (Rome)

http://www.unidroit.org/english/conventions/1995culturalproperty/main.htm UNIDROIT, (1996), Actes de la Conférence diplomatique pour l'adoption du projet de Convention d'UNIDROIT sur le retour international des biens culturels volés ou illicitement exportés, Rome, 7 au 24 juin 1995, Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento per l'Informazione e l'Editoria, Quaderni di vita italiana, Roma.

http://www.unidroit.org/french/publications/conference/main.htm UNIDROIT, (1996), Acts and Proceedings of the Diplomatic Conference for the Adoption of the Draft UNIDROIT Convention on the International Return of Stolen or Illegally Exported cultural Objects, Rome, 7 to 24 June 1995, Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento per l'Informazione e l'Editoria, Quaderni di vita italiana, Roma.

http://www.unidroit.org/english/publications/conference/main.htm

Revue de Droit Uniforme / Uniform Law Review CARDUCCI Guido, (2006), Complementarity between the 1970 UNESCO and the 1995 Unidroit Cultural Property Conventions (Abstract), Uniform Law Review, p.102. CARDUCCI Guido, (2006), Complémentarité entre les Conventions de l'UNESCO de 1970 et d'Unidroit de 1995 sur les biens culturels, Revue de droit uniforme, p.93. http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4269&dsmid=62211&dspaid=0&id=2547&action=show_entry

GROSSE Laurent, JOUANNY Jean-Pierre, (2003), La protection du patrimoine culturel en vertu des instruments de l'UNESCO (1970) et d'Unidroit (1995): la position d'Interpol, in : UNIDROIT, Actes du Congrès pour célébrer le 75ème anniversaire de la fondation de l’Institut international pour l’unification du droit privé - Harmonisation Mondiale du Droit Privé et Intégration Economique Régionale, Rome, 27-28 Sept. 2002, Revue de droit uniforme, n.1/2, p. 575-580.

http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4269&dsmid=62203&dspaid=0&id=45&action=show_entry

JOUANNY J.-P., (2003), La protection du patrimoine culturel en vertu des instruments de l'UNESCO (1970) et d'Unidroit (1995): la position d'Interpol, Revue de droit uniforme, p.576

http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4269&dsmid=62211&dspaid=0&id=45&action=show_entry

LAGARDE P., (2006), La restitution internationale des biens culturels en dehors de la Convention de l'UNESCO de 1970 et de la Convention d'Unidroit de 1995, Revue de droit uniforme, p.83. LAGARDE P., (2006), The International Return of Cultural Property Outside the Framework of the 1970 UNESCO and the 1995 Unidroit Conventions (Abstract), Uniform Law Review, p.91. http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4269&dsmid=62211&dspaid=0&id=2546&action=show_entry LALIVE D’EPINAY Pierre, (1996), Une avancée du droit international: la Convention de Rome d’UNIDROIT sur les biens culturels volés ou illicitement exportés, Revue de droit uniforme, n.1, p.40-58. LALIVE D’EPINAY Pierre, (1996), A Step Forward in Uniform Law: the Unidroit Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects, Uniform Law Review, n.1, p.59.

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=105003&set=488C4909_1_307&gp=1&mode=e&lin=1 PROTT Lyndel, (1996), UNESCO and UNIDROIT : a Partnership against trafficking in cultural objects, Uniform Law Review / Revue de droit uniforme, p. 59-71. RENOLD Marc-André, (2003), Interaction entre l'intégration régionale et l'harmonisation mondiale: quelques réflexions à propos des biens culturels, in : UNIDROIT, Actes du Congrès pour célébrer le



http://www.unidroit.org/french/conventions/1995culturalproperty/main.htm�

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75ème anniversaire de la fondation de l’Institut international pour l’unification du droit privé - Harmonisation Mondiale du Droit Privé et Intégration Economique Régionale, Rome, 27-28 Sept. 2002, Revue de droit uniforme, n.1/2, p. 581-58 http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4269&dsmid=62203&dspaid=0&id=52&action=show_entry SCHNEIDER Marina, (2001), Convention d'UNIDROIT de 1995 sur les biens culturels volés ou illicitement exportés : rapport explicatif, préparé par le secrétariat d'UNIDROIT, Revue de droit uniforme, p. 478-581. SCHNEIDER Marina, (2001), 1995 Unidroit Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects: Explanatory Report prepared by the Unidroit Secretariat, Uniform Law Review, p. 477-581.

http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4269&dsmid=62211&dspaid=0&id=441&action=show_entry SHYLLON Folarin, (2003), Private Law Beyond Markets for Goods and Services: the Example of Cultural Objects, in: UNIDROIT, Acts of the Congress to celebrate the 75th Anniversary of the Founding of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law - Harmonisation of Private Law and Regional Economic Integration, Rome, 27-28 Sept. 2002, Uniform Law Review, n.1/2, p. 511-528. http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4269&dsmid=62203&dspaid=0&id=1176&action=show_entry

SIEHR Kurt, (2003), A Special Regime for Cultural Objects in Europe, in: UNIDROIT, Acts of the Congress to celebrate the 75th Anniversary of the Founding of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law - Harmonisation of Private Law and Regional Economic Integration, Rome, 27-28 Sept. 2002, Uniform Law Review, n.1/2, p. 551-564. http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4269&dsmid=62203&dspaid=0&id=1175&action=show_entry

(s.a), (1996), UNESCO and UNIDROIT: a partnership against trafficking in cultural objects, Uniform law review / Revue de droit uniforme, n.1, p. 59-71.

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=105002&set=488C4909_1_307&gp=1&mode=e&lin=1

UNIDROIT, (2003), Acts of the Congress to celebrate the 75th Anniversary of the Founding of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law - Harmonisation of Private Law and Regional Economic Integration, Rome, 27-28 Sept. 2002, Uniform Law Review, n.1/2. http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4269&dsmid=62203&dspaid=0&id=46&action=show_entries

UNIDROIT, (2003), Actes du Congrès pour célébrer le 75ème anniversaire de la fondation de l’Institut international pour l’unification du droit privé - Harmonisation Mondiale du Droit Privé et Intégration Economique Régionale, Rome, 27-28 Sept. 2002, Revue de droit uniforme, n.1/2. http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4269&dsmid=62203&dspaid=0&id=46&action=show_entries

WELLER M., (2007), La loi applicable relative au droit de suite d'oeuvres d'art en vertu de la Directive 2001/84/CE (Résumé), Revue de droit uniforme, p.347. WELLER M., (2007), The Applicable Law in Cross-Border Resales of Works of Art under Directive 2001/84/EC, Uniform Law Review, p.335. http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4269&dsmid=62211&dspaid=0&id=3139&action=show_entry

VOULGARIS Ioannis, (2003), Les principaux problèmes soulevés par l'unification du droit régissant les biens culturels, in : UNIDROIT, Actes du Congrès pour célébrer le 75ème anniversaire de la fondation de l’Institut international pour l’unification du droit privé - Harmonisation Mondiale du Droit Privé et Intégration Economique Régionale, Rome, 27-28 Sept. 2002, Revue de droit uniforme, n.1/2, p. 541-550. http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4269&dsmid=62203&dspaid=0&id=1157&action=show_entry

Pour plus d’informations: [email protected] http://ulr.unidroit.org/ http://www.unidroit.org/ http://www.unidroit.org/french/conventions/c-main.htm http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dsmid=62212







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OMT / WTO - Organisation Mondiale du Tourisme / World Tourism Organisation OMT, (1999), Code Mondial d’Ethique du Tourisme, adopté par l’Assemblée générale de l’OMT à Santiago, Chile, 27 septembre – 1er octobre 1999. WTO, (1999), Global code of Ethics for Tourism, adopted by the WTO General Assembly, Santiago, Chile, 27th September – 1 October 1999. http://www.unwto.org/code_ethics/pdf/languages/Codigo%20Etico%20Fran.pdf http://www.unwto.org/code_ethics/pdf/languages/Codigo%20Etico%20Ing.pdf OMT, (2002), Comité pour la relance du tourisme dans la région méditerranéenne, 1re et 2e réunion du Comité pour la relance du tourisme dans la région méditerranéenne. (ISBN : 978-92-844-0524-4)

http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/r12516/?p=c6789a0393294c4083f31265317813fe&pi=33 Résumé : Le présent rapport contient une vue d’ensemble de la situation en janvier 2002, présentée par le Secrétariat de l’OMT, ainsi que les principales conclusions des réunions et un résumé des débats.

WTO, (2002), Tourism Recovery Committee for the Mediterranean Region, 1st and 2nd meetings of the Tourism Recovery Committee for the Mediterranean Region. (ISBN: 978-92-844-0519-0)

http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/w3570p/?p=c6789a0393294c4083f31265317813fe&pi=31 Abstract: This report contains an overview of the situation in January 2002 presented by the WTO Secretariat as well as the key conclusions and a summary of the proceedings of the various participants of both meetings.

WTO, (2003), European Integration in the Era of the European Union's Enlargement and the Development of Tourism / L'intégration européenne à l'ère de l'élargissement de l'Union européenne... seminar on European Integration in the Era of the European Union’s Enlargement and the Development of Tourism, held in Malta from 22-23 May 2003. (ISBN :978-92-844-0658-6)

http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/r0k6w7/?p=627e9e4a9b4e4a15bd6f24cd626d5421&pi=4 Abstract: The rationale behind the enlargement of the EU is to create a broad, free, prosperous and peaceful Europe. The end of the cold war, and of the conflict in Southeast Europe, saw a need for peaceful development, for good governance and neighbourly feelings. The difficulties of adapting to external shocks at the global level such as the acts of terrorism show us once again how important peace and political stability are for tourism.

OMT, (2004), La gestion de la saturation touristique des sites naturels et culturels – Manuel, (ISBN 978- 92-844-0783-4) – Orientations pour la maîtrise des trois phases analysées : 1. Gestion de la demande; 2. Gestion de la destination; 3. Gestion du site. WTO, (2004), Managing Tourism Congestion at Natural and Cultural Sites – Handbook, (ISBN 978-92-844-0763-7) – Guidelines for a better command of the three stages considered: 1. Demand Management; 2. Destination Management; 3. Site Management. WTO, (2004), Tourism at World Heritage Cultural Sites (Arabic and English version). (ISBN : 978-92-844-0670-8)

http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/u5lg11/?p=ca9f250933cf447eaa33caecfe037645&pi=40 Abstract: World Heritage Sites include many of the world’s most outstanding attractions and grandest monuments of the past. For tourism promoters they act as magnets, while for the nation in which they are found they serve as icons that continue to influence current values. This handbook concentrates on human-made sites, the physical evidence of major historical events. It is devoted to helping the managers of World Heritage Sites accomplish a dual purpose: to conserve the site given to their care and provide meaningful and considerate access to as many visitors as the site can allow.

WTO, (2004), Guide for Local Authorities on Developing Sustainable Tourism (Arabic version). (ISBN: 978-92-844-0774-3)



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http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/rv5113/?p=5550858bf28144f2a94f343f1eda9926&pi=12 Abstract: This enlarged and revised edition of WTO’s most popular publication: Sustainable Tourism Development: Guide for Local Planners, presents concepts, principles and techniques for planning and developing tourism and includes sections on managing environmental and socio-economic impacts at the local level. It also contains numerous examples of sustainable tourism best practices readily adaptable to the particular conditions and level of development of each destination.

WTO, (2005), Tourism's Potential as a Sustainable Development Strategy, proceedings of the 2004 WTO Tourism Policy Forum, organized by the WTO Education Council and held at the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. (ISBN: 978-92-844-0819-1)

http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/p21255/?p=c6789a0393294c4083f31265317813fe&pi=34 Abstract: This publication includes over thirty speeches and academic papers from Tourism Ministers, development agency representatives, WTO officials, academics, and other tourism experts who presented at the main session of the conference. Also included are summaries of the parallel sessions in which case studies were presented. The Forum was organized with the aim of exchanging views with bilateral and multilateral donor organizations, as well as representative recipients; discussing sustainable tourism development policies in relation to the MDGs; reporting on WTO general initiatives in relation to sustainable tourism and development and particularly the WTO ST-EP program to bring sustainable tourism development into the service of poverty elimination; sharing promising practices for sustainable development and considering lessons learned from exemplary tourism projects supported by donors; and formulating recommendations for utilizing tourism as a sustainable development tool for achieving MDG outcomes.

OMT, (2006), Vers un tourisme durable - Guide à l'usage des décideurs. (ISBN : 978-92-844-1119-1) http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/u12j17/?p=d37bd70070e1431889576ee5cdacfa55&pi=23 Résumé : Édité avec le Programme des Nations Unies pour l’environnement (PNUE), ce nouveau guide, ouvrage fondamental de référence, fournit aux gouvernements les clés de l’élaboration et de l’application d’une politique de tourisme durable. Il s’ajoute aux travaux précédents de l’OMT et du PNUE sur les différents aspects de la durabilité. Ce guide définit le sens de la durabilité dans le secteur du tourisme, les démarches efficaces de mise au point de stratégies et de politiques destinées à rendre le tourisme plus durable et les instruments permettant d’assurer la bonne exécution des politiques sur le terrain. En outre, il présente un choix d’études de cas.

WTO, (2005), Making Tourism More Sustainable - A Guide for Policy Makers. (ISBN : 978-92-844-0821-4)

http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/w715w4/?p=d37bd70070e1431889576ee5cdacfa55&pi=22 Abstract: Massive growth is predicted for tourism in the forthcoming years, providing excellent opportunities for spreading prosperity but presenting considerable challenges and potential threats to the environment and local communities if not well managed. Jointly produced with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), this new Guide is a basic reference book and provides a blueprint for governments to formulate and implement sustainable tourism policies. It builds on previous work of WTO and UNEP on the different aspects of sustainability. The Guide defines what sustainability means in tourism, what are the effective approaches for developing strategies and policies for more sustainable tourism, the tools that would make the policies work on the ground, and it presents selected case studies. The publication is aimed primarily at governments, at national or local level, while being also relevant to international development agencies, NGOs and the private sector to the extent that they are affected by, and can affect, tourism policies and their implementation.

WTO, (2006), Cultural Tourism in Local Communities, International Conference on “Cultural Tourism and Local Communities”, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, February 8-10, 2006. (ISBN : 978-92-844-1118-4)

http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/h06722/?p=627e9e4a9b4e4a15bd6f24cd626d5421&pi=1 Abstract: As with any attempt to summarize and report on a robust set of discussions and presentations decisions have been made to highlight issues or concerns that are central to the



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ongoing development of the concept of cultural tourism and local communities. In reporting on individual sessions there has been a conscious choice made not to repeat issues that have been identified by several contributors in order to ensure for a concise document. Since the individual presentations are included within this document in Annex D, the report does not include individual summaries of each presentation. Rather overall summaries of each of the sessions are presented in order to allow for an integrated identification of issues. This approach was adopted in order to provide the reader with an opportunity of obtaining an overall perspective that ensures access to readily identifiable policy, planning and implementation strategies and initiatives.

WTO, (2007), Tourism Market Trends 2006 - Middle East. (ISBN: 978-92-844-1220-4)

http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/m27286/?p=b644c671fbb644fa8417ef506ae99770&pi=0 Abstract: The most up-to-date book on tourism trends published by the World Tourism Organization. This book analyzes tourism flows and earnings through 2005 in Middle East. It includes sections on global and regional trends, with special emphasis on the countries of each region. It looks at arrivals, receipts, hotel capacity, and major source markets.

Pour plus d’informations / For more information: OMT bibliothèque / WTO library http://www.wtoelibrary.org/search/advanced-search.mpx



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OMPI / WIPO - L’Organisation Mondial de la Propeiété Intellectuelle / World Intellectual Property Organisation Conventions/ Conventions Convention de Berne pour la protection des œuvres littéraires et artistiques, Berne, 9 septembre 1886. Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, Berne, September 9, 1886.

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/fr/ip/berne/trtdocs_wo001.html http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/berne/trtdocs_wo001.html

Convention de Genève pour la protection des producteurs de phonogrammes contre la reproduction non autorisée de leurs phonogrammes, Genève, le 29 octobre 1971. Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of Their Phonograms, Geneva, on octobre 29, 1971.

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/fr/ip/phonograms/trtdocs_wo023.html http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/phonograms/trtdocs_wo023.html

Traité de l’OMPI sur le droit d’auteur (WCT), Genève, le 20 décembre 1996. WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT), Geneva, on December 20, 1996.

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/fr/ip/wct/trtdocs_wo033.html http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/wct/trtdocs_wo033.html

Traité de l’OMPI sur les interprétations et exécutions et les phonogrammes (WPPT), Genève, le 20 décembre 1996. WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT), Geneva, on December 20, 1996.

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/fr/ip/wppt/trtdocs_wo034.html http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/wppt/trtdocs_wo034.html

Guide OMPI de gestion de la propriété intellectuelle à l’intention des musées, par Rina Elster Pantalony. WIPO Guide on Managing Intellectual Property for Museums, by Rina Elster Pantalony.

http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/fr/copyright/1001/wipo_pub_1001.pdf http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/en/copyright/1001/wipo_pub_1001.pdf

WIPO International Workshop on Digital Preservation and Copyright, Geneva, July 15, 2008.

http://www.wipo.int/meetings/en/2008/cr_wk_ge/index.html Cultural Heritage and Living Culture: Defining the US Library Position on Access to and Protection of Traditional Cultural Expression, Conférence de l’American Library Association, Washington, 12-14 novembre 2008.

http://wo.ala.org/tce/

WIPOs Creative Heritage Project:IP, raditionaTl Cultural Expressions and Museums, by Martin Skrydstrup, Dept. of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York, Board member of ICME.

http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/tk/en/folklore/culturalheritage/pdf/skrydstrup_icom_vienna.pdf

Projet relatif au patrimoine créatif - Principes directeurs dans le domaine de la propriété intellectuelle pour la numérisation du patrimoine culturel intangible.

http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/fr/tk/934/wipo_pub_l934tch.pdf

Creative Heritage Project - IP Guidelines for Digitizing Intangible Cultural Heritage. http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/en/tk/934/wipo_pub_l934tch.pdf

La protection des expressions culturelles traditionnelles ou expressions du Folklore, synthèse des projets de dispositions élaborée par le comité intergouvernemental de la propriété intellectuelle relative



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aux ressources génétiques, au savoirs traditionnels et au Folklore de l’OMPI. http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/tk/fr/consultations/draft_provisions/pdf/tce_provisions_summary.p

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La propriété intellectuelle et les expressions culturelles traditionnelles ou expressions du folklore, Brochure n° 1. Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions/Folklore, Booklet n° 1.

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Legislative Texts on the Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions (Expressions of Folklore) (TCEs).

http://www.wipo.int/tk/en/laws/folklore.html#cultural

Pour plus d’informations: Sur l’OMPI/ about WIPO

http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/fr/what_is_wipo.html http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/what_is_wipo.html



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PAYS PARTENAIRES DU BASSIN MEDITERRANEEN MEDITERRANEAN AREA PARTNER COUNTRIES Algérie / Algeria ARIBI Rafik, (s.d.), La Législation du Patrimoine Culturel en Algérie, Ecole Polytechnique d’Architecture et d’Urbanisme

http://audit2.clio.it/legaldocs/algeria01.htm BAGHLI Sid-Ahmed, (1994), Aspects de la politique culturelle de l'Algérie, Unesco, Paris. BAGHLI S.A., ARIBI M., ATMOUNI A., (1995), A Framework for Fighting Illicit Traffic, Illicit Traffic of Cultural Property in Africa, International Council of Museums, Paris, p. 17-19. BENABBAS Samia, (s.d.), Système d'interprétation de traitement du patrimoine architectural: Inventaire comparatif et étude pour l'Algérie du cas du "rocher" de Constantine, Université de Constantine, Institut d'architecture et d'urbanisme, (s.l.). BURNHAM, B., (s.d.), Algérie. Eléments de législation 1974-1987-1989. La protection du patrimoine culturel, Ministère de l'équipement, Journal Officiel, République Algérienne, (s.l.). Keywords: cultural heritage, historic monuments and sites, legislation, national level, Algeria IRSHEID C., (1997), The Protection of Cultural Property in the Arab World, International Journal of Cultural Property, n°6, p. 11-46. MANISCALCO Fabio, (2003), La tutela del patrimonio culturale in Algeria, Mediterraneum: tutela e valorizzazione dei beni culturali ed ambientali, Massa Editore, Napoli, n°3, p. 11-49. (ISBN: 88-87835-41-1) MANISCALCO Fabio, (2004), La tutela del patrimonio culturale nel Mediterraneo occidentale, Mediterraneum. Tutela e valorizzazione dei beni culturali ed ambientali, Massa Editore, Napoli, n°4, p.91-108.

Abstract: Even when the same principles are applied throughout the region, underwater archaeology presents numerous problems due to the particulars of the specific working environment. All types of activities related to the management and protection of underwater heritage can be difficult and expensive. The significant progress that has been made in technology and diving capabilities over the past years have led to increasing research conducted at unimaginable depths and for relatively long periods of time. This of course bears certain risks for the underwater sites and deposits that are threatened by research campaigns, excavations and indiscriminate plundering. Moreover, because it is relatively easy to acquire a sports diving license, and because of operative difficulties of the public entities and the lack of national regulations, an ever greater number of divers plunder seas, rivers, lakes and other waters in search of archaeological material for sale, donation or collection. This paper reviews, from a normative perspective, the protection of underwater archaeological heritage in the area of the Western Mediterranean, through the legislation of Tunisia, Algeria, France, Portugal and Spain.

MISIANI Anna, (2003), Esperienze di tutela, gestione e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale in Algeria attraverso progetti di cooperazione transnazionale, Mediterraneum: tutela e valorizzazione dei beni culturali ed ambientali, Massa Editore, Napoli, n°3, p. 71-85. (ISBN: 88-87835-41-1) Législation nationale / National legislation:



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République algérienne démocratique et populaire, (s.d.), Recueil législatif sur l'archéologie, la protection des sites, des musées et des monuments historiques, Agence Nationale d'Archéologie et de protection des sites et monuments historiques, s.l. UNESCO, (1979), La Protection du patrimoine culturel mobilier, recueil de textes législatifs, Paris, 2 vol. UNESCO, (2002), Droit et Patrimoine en Afrique 1 : de l’Afrique du Sud à l’Ethiopie (projet ayant bénéficié du soutient actif de l’Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie, de l’UNESCO, d’UNIDROIT et des organisations réunies dans le cadre du programme Africa 2009, et notamment de l’ICCROM et de CRATerre-EAG, réactualisation septembre 2002), UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws Database, p. 43-81.

- Ordonnance nº 67-281 du 20 décembre 1967 relative aux fouilles et à la protection des sites et Monuments Historiques et Naturels, p. 43-61.

- Décret nº81-135 du 27 juin 1981 portant modification de l’ordonnance nº67-281 du décembre 1967 relative aux fouilles et à la protection des sites et monuments historiques et naturels, p. 62.

- Arrêté du 17 mai 1980 relatif aux autorisations de recherches archéologiques, p. 63-65. - Décret nº 69-82 du 13 juin 1969 relatif à l’exportation des objets présentant un intérêt national

du point de vue de l’histoire, de l’art et de l’archéologie, p. 66. - Arrêté interministériel du 5 décembre 1979 portant création d’une commission

interministérielle d’achat d’objets et d’œuvres d’art, p. 67-68. - Décret nº 81-382 du 26 décembre 1981 déterminant les compétences et les attributions de la

commune et de la wilaya dans le secteur de la culture, p. 69-71. - Décret nº 87-10 du 6 janvier 1987 portant création de l’Agence National d’Archéologie et de

protection des Sites et Monuments Historiques, p. 72-75. - Décret nº 85-277 du 12 novembre 1985 fixant le statut type des musées nationaux, p. 76-78. - Décret nº 85-278 du 12 novembre 1985 portant création du musée national des beaux-arts,

p.79. - Décret nº 858-279 du 12 novembre 1985 portant création du musée national des antiquités, p.

80. - Décret nº 85-280 du 12 novembre 1985 portant création du musée national du Bardo, p. 81.

Pour plus d’informations / For more information: UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws Database / Base de donnés des Législations Nationales sur le Patrimoine Culturel : http://www.unesco.org/culture/natlaws/index.php?&lng=en






Egypte / Egypt BACHARACH Jere L. (dir.), (1995), The Restoration and Conservation of Islamic Monuments in Egypt, American University of Cairo Press. BEHRENS-ABOUSEIF Doris (dir.), (2000), The Cairo Heritage, Essays in Honour of Laila Ali Ibrahim, American University of Cairo Press. El Feki Moustafa, (2002), Décentralisation et protection du patrimoine dans les états arabes : le cas de l'Egypte, in : Les colloques du Sénat : Le patrimoine mondial, enjeu de la décentralisation, (Actes de colloque), actes du colloque organisé sous la présidence de M. Christian Poncelet, Président du Sénat avec le concours de l'UNESCO le 16 octobre 2002.

http://www.senat.fr/colloques/politiques_patrimoine/politiques_patrimoine1.html#toc57

FINNERAN N., (2005), Safeguarding Africa's Archaeological Past, in: Selected Papers from a Workshop held at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 2001: BAR International Series 1454, Archaeopress, Oxford. GAMAL M.M., SELIM G.M., (2005), Rehabilitation of historical buildings: evaluation of policies and project outcomes in the Middle East: the case of Egypt, Structural studies, repairs and maintenance of heritage architecture IX, (Transactions on the built environment, 83), Wit Press, Southampton, p.421-431.

Abstract: Discusses the challenges of conserving and restoring historic buildings in Middle Eastern cities, with particular reference to Egypt. In an age of globalisation, economic and technological transformation, changes in urban layouts can affect local identity. Regulations, standards and training programmes have not been as prolific in Egypt as in the West, yet this is changing as UNESCO and other organizations help less-developed countries in capacity building, training and the management of heritage. Present-day approaches in Egypt have been developed with the help of UNESCO and are based on historical and cultural value, integrity and authenticity. Values can be seen in two different approaches taken in the restoration of historic buildings: traditional, where only original elements are preserved, and modern, where the new is incorporated with the old. Other challenges to conservation include rapidly changing technology and problems with structural stability.

JONES Michael, (2008), Monument and site conservation, Egyptology today, Cambridge University Press (US), p. 98-120. (ISBN 978-0-521-86364-3; 0-521-86364-3; 978-0-521-68226-8; 0-521-68226-6)

Abstract: Provides an introduction to the multifaceted nature and challenges of site preservation in Egypt. A brief review of ancient use and reuse of monuments is followed by a discussion of current agents of deterioration, such as population explosion and resulting development pressure, rising groundwater levels, salts present in Egyptian stones and added by groundwater, increased air pollution, and industrial and economic developments leading to overexposure. Recent developments of specific plans and active agencies in Egypt are described, as are basic principles applied in preservation strategies in regard to extent of intervention, choices of materials, reburial, and maintenance. Archaeological site presentation, preservation, and management, charter, Egypt, interdisciplinarity.

MOSTAFA Mostafa Hassan, GRIMAL Nicolas, NAKASHIMA Douglas (eds), (2000), Underwater archaeology and coastal management: focus on Alexandria, (Coastal Management Sourcebooks), UNESCO Publishing, Paris, n°2. (ISBN: 92-3-103730-7).

Abstract : Describes the urban development and conservation problems of Alexandria, Egypt. Many coastal cities face problems and conflicts over urban expansion, conservation, tourism development, waste disposal, and port development. However, Alexandria is set apart by the particular conflicts between contemporary Alexandria and the Alexandrias of the past. As it struggles to renew its urban core, resolve traffic problems and house its increasing population, Alexandria constantly confronts the archaeological remains of its past. A breakwater in an inconvenient location, set up to check coastal erosion, triggered passionate debates that



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oppose the underwater archaeological site of Pharos with the onshore Qait Bey fortress, confronting cultural-heritage managers with the harsh realities of expansion, urban renewal, industrial development and antiquities conservation. The volume contains 23 contributions divided into eight sections: Alexandria in early times, Underwater archaeology along the Alexandrian coast, Submerged heritage sites around the Mediterranean basin (with mention of Byblos, Pharos, Sabratha, Thasos and the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy), Remote sensing and archaeology, Conservation and management techniques for underwater artefacts and shipwrecks, Legal considerations for submarine heritage sites, Pollution and erosion impacts on coastal heritage, Integrated management of coastal heritage, including a comparison between Alexandria and Boston.

UNESCO, (1985), The protection of movable cultural property . Collection of legislative texts. Egypt. La protection du patrimoine culturel mobilier. Recueil de textes législatifs. Egypte, UNESCO, Paris. WAHBA Magdi, (1997), La Politique culturelle en Egypte, UNESCO, Paris. WENDRICH Willeke, (2006), Archaeology and sustainable tourism in Egypt: protecting community, antiquities, and environment, in: AGNEW Neville, BRIDGLAND Janet (eds), Of the past, for the future: integrating archaeology and conservation, proceedings of the conservation theme at the 5th World Archaeological Congress, Washington, D.C., 22-26 June 2003, Getty Conservation Institute symposium proceedings series, The Getty Conservation Institute, p. 184-190. (ISBN 0-89236-826-8)

Abstract: Explores how archaeologists should consider getting involved with sustainable tourism in order to communicate their findings to the public, protect the sites that they are working on, improve fund-raising for the archaeological project, and contribute to an economically viable system for the population of the area. Two examples illustrate the benefits of working closely with the local community. The Eastern Desert Antiquities Protection Project (EDAPP) involves a training program and the creation of a collection of present-day material culture by the Ababda nomads from the Eastern Desert in Egypt. The Fayum ecotourism project is a first step in defining the development needs for an area of Egypt that has an extremely interesting history but does not attract the mass tourism that the Giza pyramids and the monuments of Luxor do. Archaeological site presentation, preservation, and management, cultural tourism, ecotourism, Egypt, stakeholders, sustainability.

Législation nationale / National legislation: La loi 144 de 2006 relative à la réglementation des travaux de démolition des immeubles qui ne sont pas menacés d’effondrement et à la préservation du patrimoine architectural Le chapitre 1er de la loi 119 de 2008 relatif à l’harmonisation urbaine et au fonctionnement de l’Agence Nationale d’Harmonisation Urbaine. UNESCO, (2002), Droit et Patrimoine en Afrique 1 : de l’Afrique du Sud à l’Ethiopie (projet ayant bénéficié du soutient actif de l’Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie, de l’UNESCO, d’UNIDROIT et des organisations réunies dans le cadre du programme Africa 2009, et notamment de l’ICCROM et de CRATerre-EAG, réactualisation septembre 2002), UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws Database, p. 134-143.

- Loi nº 117 de 1983 portant promulgation de la loi sur la protection des antiquités, p. 134. - Loi sur la protection des antiquités, p. 135-143

Pour plus d’informations / For more information: National Organization of Urban Harmony (NOUH) www.urbanharmony.org UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws Database / Base de donnés des Législations Nationales sur le Patrimoine Culturel : http://www.unesco.org/culture/natlaws/index.php?&lng=en



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Israël / Israel (s.a), (2000), Theoretical inquiries in law, (Journals of legal scholarship), Cegla Institute for Comparative and Private International Law of the Tel Aviv University Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv, Israel, Vol. 1, no. 1 (Jan. 2000). (ISSN: 1565-3404)


KLETTER Raz, (2006), Heritage for sale? A case study from Israel, Journal of field archaeology, vol.31, n°3, p. 317-327.

Abstract: The state-sponsored sale of archaeological objects is sometimes offered by persons from states rich in antiquities as a quick fix for budgetary problems, as a solution to storage crises, or as a way to combat the destruction of archaeological sites by looting. The state-run sale can be viewed as a compromise between those who support a free trade in antiquities and those who oppose it. In 2003, a daily newspaper in Israel reported that a scheme of this nature was under consideration by the Israel Antiquities Authority - the body responsible for safeguarding the antiquities of Israel. In this paper we trace the history of legislation concerning legal trade in antiquities in Palestine since the Ottoman Antiquities Law of 1884. We show that the concept of the state-run sale of antiquities finds its origins in the laws of the British Mandate period. Archival evidence indicates that the Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums (the forerunner to the Israel Antiquities Authority) toned with the same concept in the 1950s. Data from the study of archival documents, as well as ethnographic interviews, raise doubts about the ethical and practical sides of the state-run sale of antiquities, a misguided concept that we feel must be rejected.

KOREN Gideon, (2000), The economic impact of financing conservation and restoration. The Israeli case, in: The economic impact of financing conservation and restoration, ICOMOS Croatia, Brijuni, p. 51-63. KOREN Gideon, (2002), Protection through planning, public participation in planning and listing processes (Israel) /Protection through planning. Public participation in planning and listing processes, Comité Nacional Español del ICOMOS, Madrid, p. 114-119. KOREN Gideon, (2002), Legal Forms of Financing Urban Preservation - The Israeli Situation, in: Legal methods of furthering urban preservation, ICOMOS, Israel, p. 19-26. NAGAR Yossi, 2004), Bone reburial in Israel: legal restrictions and methodological implications, The dead and their possessions: repatriation in principle, policy and practice (Revised ed), (One world archaeology, 43), Routledge, London, p.87-90.

Abstract : A short description of the challenges surrounding the treatment and reburial of human remains found in archaeological sites in Israel. Though Jewish religious law allows for the movement of human bones if necessary, opposition from the orthodox community led by an association known as Athra-Kiddisha has impeded their study on the grounds that Jewish remains should be left alone, and as any bone may be Jewish, none should be disturbed or analyzed. Furthermore, Israeli law has overlooked the inclusion of ancient human remains into its antiquities legislation, making their study in a laboratory illegal. Thus, work on burial contents by the Israel Antiquities Authority must be undertaken in the field, making the work efficient, standardized, but often superficial.

SANTO Zofia, (2002), Compensation Issues in the Tel Aviv historic Preservation Ordinance, in: Legal methods of furthering urban preservation, ICOMOS, Israel, p. 34-40. SMOCK Nitza, (2002), Planning low - Preservation Provision clear Advantages, in: Legal methods of furthering urban preservation, ICOMOS, Israel, p. 32-33.






SOLAR Giora, (1996), Conservation in Israel, in: 11th ICOMOS General Assembly, Sofia, Bulgaria, October 1996, Monuments and Sites, Israel, ICOMOS Israel, Colombo. (ISBN: 955-613-089-5) State of Israel, (2005), Bahá'í Holy places in Haifa and the Western Galilee: Heritage management plan, Bahá'í World Centre, Haifa. FORMAN Yael (ed.), (1997), Conservation Policy. Israel Antiquities Authority 1997-2002, Israel Antiquities Authority, (UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws Database), update April 1997.


(s.a.), (2003), Antiquities Authority Policy on Constructed Cultural Heritage Conservation, Conservation Department, Antiquities Authority, July 2003.










Jordanie / Jordan AL-NAMMARI Fatima M., (2003), The preservation of vernacular architecture in Jordan : development chances lost, US/ICOMOS. EL-KHALILI Mohammad, (2005), The disturbance of the cultural heritage and its setting : a new perspective in dealing with the endangered cultural settings "the common character" a case study from Jordan, in: ICOMOS 15th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (Proceedings), World Publishing Corporation, Xi'an, vol.2, p. 636-649. (ISBN: 7-5062-7372-1)

http://www.international.icomos.org/xian2005/papers/3-20.pdf

MAFFI Irène, (2004), Pratiques du patrimoine et politiques de la mémoire en Jordanie : entre histoire dynastique et récit communautaires, Payot-Lausanne, Lausanne. UNESCO, (1979), La Protection du patrimoine culturel mobilier, recueil de textes législatifs, Paris, 2 vol. UNESCO, ICCROM (2003), Introducing young people to heritage site management and protection A practical manual for secondary school teachers in the Arab Region, UNESCO, ICCROM, Amman. Law of Antiquities nº 21 for the year 1988, as amended by Law nº 23 for the year 2004, the Law of Antiquities, Definitions and general provisions, Minister of Tourism and Antiquities, The General Department of Antiquities.





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Liban / Lebanon ACHKAR Elie el, BAKHOS Walid, (2001), Loi de l’urbanisme, loi de la construction, schémas directeurs du Liban, Document du Cermoc, n°12, Cermoc, Beyrouth. CORPUS Levant (ouvrage collectif), HUSSEINI Frédéric (direction), (2004), Manuel pour l’entretien et la réhabilitation de l’architecture traditionnelle Libanaise, CORPUS Levant, Commission Européenne MEDA - EUROMED HERITAGE, Ministère de la Culture / Direction Générale des Antiquités - Liban, Ecole d’Avignon, Col·legi d’Aparelladors i Arquitectes Tècnics de Barcelona. (ISBN : 84-87104-61-4)

http://www.meda-corpus.net/eng/gates/visit/atl_frn.htm ( pdf document) Résumé : Ce livret présente l’architecture traditionnelle Libanaise : toute une variété de typologies architecturales et de techniques de construction, qui se repartissent sur un territoire complexe. L’architecture traditionnelle est ici doublement envisagée comme patrimoine transmissible et comme parc immobilier. Son entretien et sa réhabilitation, sont essentiels, comme l’atteste une législation extensive. Le diagnostic, préalable à toute une intervention de réhabilitation, est aussi présenté pour guider les experts.

MALLAT Hyam, (2004), Les monuments historiques et les sites dans la législation libanaise, in : Les monuments historiques, un nouvel enjeu?, (Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), actes du colloque organisé par le CRIDEAU - CNRS (UMR 6062)/INRA, Université de Limoges, et le Centre international de droit comparé de l'environnement (CIDCE), Université Montesquieu, Bordeaux IV. Vols. I et II, L'Harmattan, Paris, p. 243-263.

Abstract: Outlines the current legislation in Lebanon for the protection of archaeological, natural and historical monuments and sites, enforced since 1933 and 1939. Both discovered and as-yet undiscovered antiques are considered state property. The regulation of their protection in the different contexts of urbanization, excavation, trade or registration is fully detailed. Similarly, for monuments and other assets, the legislation remains strong and concedes much decision-making power to the State. The specific legislation is objectively described.



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Maroc / Morocco BENYAHIA Najib, (1997), Cas de Meknès au Maroc, Scientific Journal: New life for old cities, ICOMOS, Colombo, n° 8, p. 22-28. (ISBN: 955-613-054-8) CAÑETE PÉREZ José Antonio, 2005), Protección del patrimonio natural paisajístico en la planificación urbana y territorial. Posibilidades de aplicación en Marruecos, in: 1st international research seminar on architectural heritage and sustainable development of small and medium cities in south Mediterranean regions: results and strategies of research and cooperation, (Architettura in costruzione, 5), Edizioni ETS, Pisa, p.717-728.

Abstract: In numerous cities of the Comunidad Autónoma of Andalucía (Spain), the existence of planning mechanisms for landscape preservation is understood as an indicator of their social development. At the same time, these mechanisms are essential to preserve landscapes from the deterioration processes generated by Western societies. Urban growth has always been at the expense of the rural and natural territory, whose significance has not always been adequately recognized. This article analyzes the effectiveness of legal and planning instruments for natural and landscape protection of the Valley of Granada. This analysis is part of a broader project to apply similar planning mechanisms in Morocco, in the framework of a collaborative project between Morocco and Andalusia. The article also includes an overview of the existing planning system of Morocco.

CATTEDRA Raffaele, Casablanca : la réconciliation patrimoniale comme enjeu de l’identité urbaine, in : Rives nord-méditerranéennes, Patrimoine et politiques urbaines en Méditerranée.

http://rives.revues.org/document436.html Les enjeux patrimoniaux en médina de Marrakech face à la stratification des cultures d’aménagement, (2003), in : Actes du colloque international Fabrication, gestion et pratiques des territoires: regards croisés et perspectives de coopération France-Maghreb, École d’architecture de Paris-Val de Seine, 4-5 décembre 2003. ERNST Engrid, (2005), La fabrication de la médina de Marrakech par les images, in : BOUMAZA Nadir (dir), Villes réelles, villes projetées, villes maghrébines en fabrication, Maisonneuve et Larose. KURZAC-SOUALI Anne-Claire, (2005), La revalorisation de la médina dans l’espace urbain au Maroc, un espace urbain revisité par les élites et le tourisme, in : BOUMAZA Nadir (dir), Villes réelles, villes projetées, villes maghrébines en fabrication, Maisonneuve et Larose SKOUNTI Ahmed, (2005), La médina et la ville. Centralité et patrimonialisation, in : BOUMAZA Nadir (dir), (2005), Villes réelles, villes projetées, villes maghrébines en fabrication, Maisonneuve et Larose. UNESCO, (1987), The protection of movable cultural property. Collection of legislative texts. Morocco. La protection du patrimoine culturel mobilier. Recueil de textes législatifs. Maroc, UNESCO, Paris. UNESCO, (1979), La Protection du patrimoine culturel mobilier, recueil de textes législatifs, Paris, 2 volumes. Législation nationale / National legislation: Dahir n° 1-06-102 du 18 joumada 1 1427 (15 juin 2006) portant promulgation de la loi n° 19-05 modifiant et complétant la loi n° 22-80 relative à la conservation des monuments historiques et des sites, des inscriptions, des objets d'art et d'antiquité. Dahir n° 1-03-59 du 10 rabii I 1424 (12 mai 2003) portant promulgation de la loi n° 11-03 relative à la protection et à la mise en valeur de l'environnement (notamment, l’article 3 al. 6 et 7, l’article 8 de la présente loi).



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UNESCO, (2002), Droit et Patrimoine en Afrique 3 : de la Libye à la République Démocratique du Congo (projet ayant bénéficié du soutient actif de l’Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie, de l’UNESCO, d’UNIDROIT et des organisations réunies dans le cadre du programme Africa 2009, et notamment de l’ICCROM et de CRATerre-EAG, réactualisation septembre 2002), UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws Database, p. 38-46.

- Dahir nº 1-80-341 du 17 Safar 1401 (25 décembre 1980) portant promulgation de la loi nº 22-80 relative à la conservation des monuments historiques et des sites, des inscriptions, des objets d’art et d’antiquités, p. 38-46.







Autorité Palestinienne / Palestinian Authority BSHARA Khaldun, (2005), Job creation through restoration towards sustainable community, 1st international research seminar on architectural heritage and sustainable development of small and medium cities in south Mediterranean regions: results and strategies of research and cooperation, (Architettura in costruzione, 5), Edizioni ETS, Pisa, p.707-716.

Abstract: Describes a programme entitled “Job Creation through Restoration and Projects”, launched by the RIWAQ Centre (Centre for Architectural Conservation) in Palestine to create jobs for those who cannot reach their workplaces because of closures and curfews. In the midst of a deteriorated political situation, the unemployment rate in the West Bank has risen to over 50%. The value of buildings to be renovated acts as an indicator of the level of unemployment, the worsening economic situation, and threats of Israeli settlement and the apartheid separation wall. Through the above project, eight historic buildings in different towns were renovated to host social and cultural activities serving marginalized sectors, at a cost of approximately US$ 620,000.The project generated some 13,000 direct and 6,500 indirect labour workdays. Labour costs represented almost 60% of total expenses, while the rest went to materials and supplies. The programme proved very productive, and has been adapted by different organizations as a means of alleviating poverty in impoverished communities. Implemented projects and their costs are listed in tables.

FONTANA ANTONELLI Giovanni, (2005), Strategic planning for the Old City of Nablus, West Bank: conservation, capacity building and institutional development for the protection of cultural heritage, in: 1st international research seminar on architectural heritage and sustainable development of small and medium cities in south Mediterranean regions: results and strategies of research and cooperation, (Architettura in costruzione, 5), Edizioni ETS, Pisa, p.207-214.

Abstract: Discusses ongoing and upcoming projects carried out in the framework of UNESCO’s programme for the protection of cultural heritage in the West Bank and Gaza, Palestine. A synthesis is provided of the strategic planning, participatory and awareness-raising approach put in place to rehabilitate the urban fabric of the old city of Nablus, as a pilot project for other small and medium towns in the Arab States region. Nablus is a medium-sized city located in a valley in the northern area of the West Bank, lying on an important crossroads between Lebanon, Syria and the Jordan Valley. Its historic centre bears the marks of various civilizations, from the Romans to the Ottomans. At present, the city centres on a lively medina, which embodies and displays all kinds of problems linked with issues of conservation of cultural heritage.

HAMMAMI Feras, (2005), Setting the cultural heritage scene: a case study of Nablus, Palestine, Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Infrastructure, Stockholm, Kungl. Tekniska högskolan, Stockholm. HOHMANN Hasso, DOYTCHINOV Grigor, EL FANNI Ibrahim, VOGRIN Annegrete H., DOKONAL Wolfgang, ZANCANELLA Johann, AMAD Eman, ASSALI Imad, ABDELHADI Mohammed, (2001), Historic centre of Nablus, its preservation, adaptation and future, ISG Magazin, ISG, Graz, n° 3. Jérusalem et la mise en œuvre de la Résolution 34C/47 et des décisions 177 EX/ 19 et 177 EX/ 20

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001583/158370f.pdf LEHR John C., KATZ Yossi, (2005), Heritage interpretation and politics in Kfar Etzion, Israel, International journal of heritage studies: IJHS, vol.9, n°3, p.215-228.

Abstract: Kfar Etzion is a Kibbutz first established in Palestine in the 1930s. At the end of the British Mandate, in 1948, it became a de facto Israeli military outpost that controlled access to Jerusalem from the south. Kfar Etzion fell to Arab forces in 1948 and the area became Jordanian territory until 1967 when Israeli forces occupied the West Bank. Kfar Etzion was re-established in the same year. Kfar Etzion now interprets its history through a sophisticated multilingual audio-visual presentation offered in a museum built over a former bunker where



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Jewish defenders were killed. This presentation is analysed to illustrate the ways in which an historical narrative is constructed for interpretive purposes and to show that Bloc and Israeli perspectives are conflated for political purposes. The battle for the Bloc continues through the interpretation of heritage.

MANISCALCO Fabio (2005), Tutela, conservazione e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale della Palestina, Mediterraneum. Tutela e valorizzazione dei beni culturali ed ambientali, Massa, Napoli, n° 5. MANISCALCO Fabio, EL-BANDAK Ziad, ZEEDANI Said, CIRIELLO Pasquale, (2005), Tutela, conservazione e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale della Palestina, Mediterraneum, Massa, Napoli, vol.5. (ISBN: 8887835624)


TAHA Hamdan, (2005), Managing cultural heritage in Palestine, Focus, vol.1, p.31-32 (English), p.30-32 (Arabic). UNESCO, (2005), Executive Board, hundred and seventieth session, item 3.6.1 of the provisional agenda: Jerusalem and the implementation of 32 C/Resolution 39 and 169 EX/Decision 3.7.1, UNESCO, Paris. Welfare Association Rapport (2004), Old city of Jerusalem revitalization programme,

www.welfareassociation.org




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Syrie / Syria ARCE Ignacio, JAQUINTA Maria Teresa, JOKILEHTO Jukka, LUXEN Jean-Louis (1999), SITES: conservation and management of archaeological sites, problems and perspectives, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan. Expert's seminar: conservation strategies in Near and Middle East, ICCROM, UNESCO. World Heritage Centre, Rome:

Abstract: Report on seminars held in the framework of the ICCROM SITES project, from the 20th to 25th November 1998 in Beirut, Lebanon and from the 15th to 19th March 1999 in Damascus, Syria and Amman, Jordan.

CORPUS Levant (ouvrage collectif), (2004), Handbook for the maintenance and rehabilitation of traditional Syrian architecture, CORPUS Levant, European Commission MEDA - EUROMED HERITAGE, General Direction of Antiquities and Museums of Syria, Direction Générale des Antiquités du Liban, Ecole d’Avignon, Col·legi d’Aparelladors i Arquitectes Tècnics de Barcelona, Avignon 2004.

http://www.meda-corpus.net/eng/gates/visit/ats_eng.htm (PDF document) Abstract: This booklet presents traditional Syrian architecture: a broad range of architectural typologies and construction techniques spread upon a wide and complex territory. Traditional architecture is here envisioned as a transmittable heritage as well as a real estate stock. Its maintenance and its rehabilitation are essential, as proven by an extensive legislation. The diagnosis, prior to any rehabilitation intervention, is presented as well, as a guide for the experts.

UNESCO, (1979), La Protection du patrimoine culturel mobilier, recueil de textes législatifs, Paris, 2 vol. WIRTH Eugen, DAVID Jean-Claude, BERRIANE Mohamed, AWADA Fouad, SIGNOLES Pierre, (1988), Le Centre-ville, espace-symbole, espace de vie et enjeu d'aménagement, Fascicule bilingue de recherches, Urbama, Tours, n°19, p. 179-275. Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Culture, General Directorate of Antiquities and Museums, (2000), Antiquities Law, Passed in Legislative Decree # 222 of December 26, 1963 (with all its amendments), Damascus 2000. Pour plus d’informations / For more information: UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws Database / Base de donnés des Législations Nationales sur le Patrimoine Culturel : http://www.unesco.org/culture/natlaws/index.php?&lng=en



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Tunisie / Tunisia ABDELKAFI Jellal, AKROUT-YAÏCHE Sémia, LESAGE Denis, LESBET Djaffar, BOUMAZA Nadir, VIAU Serge, MAZIERE Brigitte, MALONE Patrick, STEVENIN Jacques, MOUHLI Zoubeir, DAOULETLI Abdelaziz, ABDELLAH EL HAMMAD Mohamed, (1994), La Médina de Tunis: l'intégration de l'héritage (Actes), Colloque de Tunis, Tunis, 1992, Association de Sauvegarde de la Médina de Tunis, Institut arabe pour le développement urbain, Tunis. BURNHAM Bonnie (s.d.), La protection du patrimoine culturel. Manuel des législations nationales, ICOM Tunisie, Tunis. FERRO D., (2002), Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage: An Analysis of Some Domestic Legislations, in: CAMARDA G., SCOVAZZI T., The Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage: Legal Aspects, Giuffré Editore, Milan, p. 317-342.

Subject : Underwater archaeology; wrecks; underwater cultural heritage; Australia; ownership; administration; China; Finland; France; Ireland; Italy; Portugal; Spain; South Africa; Tunisia; United Kingdom

ICOMOS, (s.d.), Etude sur la structure des services administratifs. Tunisie, (s.n.), Tunisia. MANISCALCO Fabio, (2004), La tutela del patrimonio culturale nel Mediterraneo occidentale, Mediterraneum. Tutela e valorizzazione dei beni culturali ed ambientali, Massa Editore, Napoli, n°4, p.91-108.

Abstract: Even when the same principles are applied throughout the region, underwater archaeology presents numerous problems due to the particulars of the specific working environment. All types of activities related to the management and protection of underwater heritage can be difficult and expensive. The significant progress that has been made in technology and diving capabilities over the past years have led to increasing research conducted at unimaginable depths and for relatively long periods of time. This of course bears certain risks for the underwater sites and deposits that are threatened by research campaigns, excavations and indiscriminate plundering. Moreover, because it is relatively easy to acquire a sports diving license, and because of operative difficulties of the public entities and the lack of national regulations, an ever greater number of divers plunder seas, rivers, lakes and other waters in search of archaeological material for sale, donation or collection. This paper reviews, from a normative perspective, the protection of underwater archaeological heritage in the area of the Western Mediterranean, through the legislation of Tunisia, Algeria, France, Portugal and Spain.

PATIN Valéry, (2001), Le programme de gestion et de mise en valeur du patrimoine culturel de la Tunisie. The management and enhancement programme of Tunisian cultural heritage, ICOMOS section française bulletin, ICOMOS, n° 48-49, p.16-23. UNESCO, (1988), The protection of movable cultural property. Collection of legislative texts. Tunisia. La protection du patrimoine culturel mobilier. Recueil de textes législatifs. Tunisie, UNESCO, Paris. UNESCO, (2002), Droit et Patrimoine en Afrique 4 : du Rwanda au Zimbabwe (projet ayant bénéficié du soutient actif de l’Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie, de l’UNESCO, d’UNIDROIT et des organisations réunies dans le cadre du programme Africa 2009, et notamment de l’ICCROM et de CRATerre-EAG, réactualisation septembre 2002), UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws Database, p. 56-74.

- Loi nº 94-35 du 24 février 1994 relative au code du patrimoine archéologique, historique et des arts traditionnels, p. 56-66.

- Décret nº 93-1609 du 26 juillet 1993 fixant l’organisation de l’Institut National du Patrimoine et les modalités de son fonctionnement, p.67-74.







