ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY

(with The Institute of British Geographers)

Patron HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN

Honorary President HRH THE DUKE OF KENT, Gcmc, Gcvo

Honorary Vice-Presidents Dr Colin Bertram

Sir George Bishop, CB, OBE Professor Eric Brown

Lord Chorley Sir Vivian Fuchs, FRS

Lord Hunt, KG, CBE, DSO Sir Laurence Kirwan, KCMG

Professor William Mead Dorothy Middleton

Professor Michael Wise, CBE, MC

THE COUNCIL (Elected 2 June 1997 for the Session 1997-98)

President: The Earl of Selborne, KBE, FRS

Vice-Presidents Professor Robin Butlin

Professor Grenville Lucas Sir David Puttnam

Honorary Treasurer: David Hall, Chair Finance Committee

Honorary Secretanes Dr Iain Black Richard Byrne

Dr Heather Viles

Other Members of Council Professor Robert Bennett, FBA Elspeth Insch Professor Mark Blacksell Dr Derek Law Professor Anne Buttimer Professor Keith Miller Jane Cavanagh Eleanor Rawling Baroness Chalker Professor David Rhind Field Marshall Sir John Chapple Professor John Thornes Sir Neil Cossons Sir Crispin Tickell Dr Brian Hoyle

Director and Secretary: Dr Rita Gardner

Deputy Director: Nigel de N. Winser

Keeper: Dr Andrew Tatham

Bursar: Barry Melbourne Webb

Editor, The Geographical Journal: Professor Vince Gardiner

Bankers: Midland Bank plc, 92 Kensington High Street, London W8 4SH

RGS-IBG Committees (appointed 2 June 1997)

General and Education Division: Vice-President and Chair: Sir David Puttnam. Honorary Secretary: Richard Byrne. Tamsin Clegg; Dr Malcolm Coe; Sir Neil Cossons; Stephen Cox; Helen Holdaway; Gregor Hutcheon; Elspeth Insch; Barnaby Lenon; Peter Smith.

Expeditions and Fieldwork Division: Vice-President and Chair: Professor Grenville Lucas. Honorary Secretary: Dr Heather Viles. Field Marshall Sir John Chapple; Dr Malcolm Coe; Dr Nic Fleming; Professor Keith Miller; Dr Jonathan Raper; Professor Myra Shackley; Dr Tom Spencer; Professor John Thornes; Steohen Walters; Dr Peter Warren.

Research and Higher Education Division: Vice-President and Chair: Professor Robin Butlin. Honorary Secretary: Dr Tain Black. Professor Bruce Atkinson; Professor Robert Bennett; Professor Anne Buttimer; Jane Cavanagh; Dr David Drewry; Dr Brian Hoyle; Dr Miles Ogborn; Dr Tracey Skelton.

Information Resources: Chair: Dr Derek Law. Rex Banks; Dr Chris Board; Professor Robin Butlin; Anthony Campbell; Paul Hancock; Elspeth Insch; Professor Grenville Lucas; Professor David Rhind; Sarah Tyacke.

External Affairs: Chair: Professor Mark Blacksell. Professor Robert Bennett; Sir John Chapple; David Hall; Elspeth Insch; Vanessa Lawrence; Dr Barry Morgan; John Price Williams; Lisa Sykes.

Finance: Chair: David Hall. Professor Mark Blacksell; Professor Robin Butlin; Lord Chorley; Professor Derek Diamond; Lord Mark Fitzalan-Howard; Harold Gould; Martin Lyon; Peter Martin; Richard Playford.

CONTENTS

Volume 163 March 1997

Military Geography: terrain evaluation and the British Western Front 1914-1918 PETER DOYLE and MATTHEW R. BENNETT

Community-Based Planning: Canada’s Atlantic Coastal Action Program (ACAP) Guy M. RoBINSON

Comparative regional geography in India and West Africa: Soils, Landforms and Economic Theory in agricultural development strategies YANNI GUNNELL

Small Farmers and Forest loss in Cross River National Park, Nigeria Uwe E. ITE

Development from below in the ‘New’ South Africa: the case of Hertzog, Eastern Cape E. NEL, T. HILL and T. BINNS

Estimating Areas of Land Under Small-Scale Irrigation Using Satellite Imagery and Ground Data for a Study Area in N.E. Nigeria N.D. PRATT, A.C. BirD, J.C. TAYLOR and R.C. CARTER

Farmer Responses to Inefficiencies in the Supply and Distribution of Irrigation Requirements in Delta Egypt L.S. RADWAN

Fifty Years Ago

Reviews

The Society’s News

The Record

Conference Reports

Obituary

Meetings

Volume 163 July 1997

Environmental Transformations in Developing Countries

Editor’s introduction 125

Environmental transformations in developing countries: hybrid research and democratic policy SIMON BATTERBURY, TIMOTHY FORSYTH and Koy THOMSON

The sustainability principle in global agendas: implications for understanding land-use/ cover change B.L. TURNER II

Security and Solidarity: an anti-reductionist framework for thinking about the relationship between us and the rest of nature MICHAEL ‘THOMPSON

Agricultural Intensification and Flexibility in the Nigerian Sahel W.M. ADAMS and M.J. MORTIMORE

The Dynamics of Soil Fertility Change: historical perspectives on environmental transformation from Zimbabwe IAN SCOONES

After the Flood: local initiative in using a new wetland resource in the Sourou Valley, Mali P. WOODHOUSE, P. CHENEVIX-TRENCH and M. 'TESSOUGUE

Rain Forest Extraction and Conservation in Amazonia OLIVER T. COOMES and BRADFORD L. BARHAM

Social capital and rural intensification: local organizations and islands of sustainability in the rural Andes ANTHONY BEBBINGTON

Fewer people, less erosion: the twentieth century in southern Bolivia DAVID PRESTON, MARK MACKLIN and JEFF WARBURTON

Pollution Patterns during the Industrial Transition RICHARD M. AUTY

Environmental Transformations in Cities as they get Larger, Wealthier and Better Managed DaviD SATTERTHWAITE

Fifty Years Ago

Correspondence

Reviews

The Society’s News

Conference Report

Obituary

Meetings

Volume 163 November 1997

An Assessment of where People will witness the First Sunrise of the New Millennium PETER D. LECHNER, PHILIP A. BLAIN, NORRIS D. MCWHIRTER and INGRID S. KRISTAMENT 251

Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Development in Southern Africa: a centre-periphery perspective SUDHIR WANMALI and YASSIR ISLAM

Environmental Responsibility and Business Regulation: the case of sustainable tourism ‘TIMOTHY FORSYTH

The Presidential Address THE EARL JELLICOE

The case for Geography funding at ‘part laboratory’ level

Fifty Years Ago

Reviews

The Society’s News

The Record

Conference Report

Obituaries

Meetings

Annual Index

ISSN 0016-7398 Printed in Great Britain for the Royal Geographical Society

by Cambridge Unwersity Press, Cambridge

Entered as second class mail matter (5 January 1898) in the New York Post Office, NY